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I. SITE PLANNING <br />Fig. 20: CuI de sacs create semi -private <br />"courts" to provide increased security and <br />informal play areas. <br />Fig. 21: Semi -private project areas are <br />separated from general public areas using <br />transitional spaces which are visually open in <br />design. <br />A br and step-up entry <br />define semiprivate project areas whik <br />maintaining a visuafly open streetscape. <br />39. A series of techniques can be used to create <br />defensible space and consequently reduce crime. <br />They are summarized in the following: <br />• Defining zones of privacy (public, semi -private, <br />private) with real or symbolic barriers. This <br />allows residents to identify "strangers". <br />Establishing perceived zones of influence <br />(allowing residents to extend their private realms). <br />Providing surveillance opportunities. <br />Additional design considerations include the <br />following: <br />Parking Layout. Parking for residents should be <br />located so that distances to dwellings are <br />minimized and allow easy surveillance from <br />nearby areas and windows. <br />• Orientation of Windows. Windows should be <br />located so that areas vulnerable to crime can be <br />easily surveyed by residents. <br />• Location of Service and Laundry Areas. <br />Laundry rooms should be located in such a way <br />that they are observed by others. <br />Windows and lighting should be incorporated to <br />assure surveillance opportunities. <br />• Mailboxes should not be located in dark alcoves <br />out of sight. <br />Barriers to Police. In semi-public and semi- <br />private areas, barriers which would hinder police <br />patrol, such as confused parking patterns and tall <br />shrubs, should be avoided. <br />13 <br />