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Home My WebLink AboutReg 2024-11-18 Item 6A / 7A - Attachment C - Comprehensive Plan Update: Background ReportsATTACHMENT C DRAFT Tukwila Comprehensive Plan Background Reports Land Use Housing Natural Environment Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Transportation Utilities Capital Facilities September 23, 2024 DRAFT Tukwila Land Use Background Report Section 1- Planning Context Tukwila boasts a great diversity of natural features and built form across the approximately 9.6 square miles of areas with the City Limits. In the interest of supplying adequate and affordable housing, ample, and well paying jobs and an enjoyable, healthy environment to live and interact, the City designates comprehensive plan designations and zoning designations, encouraging the types of uses and form of development and redevelopment to achieve these aims. The Land Use Element frames existing conditions, regional framework, including growth targets, and other considerations for how and where the City grows. Land Capacity The King County Urban Growth Capacity Report precedes the periodic update of the comprehensive plan, determining capacity for additional net housing units and employment (jobs) within each King County Jurisdiction. Data used to determine capacity included development from 2006 through 2018. Figure 1 below details the housing and employment capacity reported for the City between 2019 and 2044. Total Capacity Housing Units Growth Capacity Pipeline Units 5,577 2,642 Total 8,219 Employment Growth Capacity 30,675 Pipeline Jobs Total 3,074 33,749 Figure 1. Growth Capacity Pipeline units and jobs included in capacity have largely not come to fruition, with the exception of some housing units as further detailed in the Housing Background Report. Even without the actualization of pipeline units and jobs, the City has adequate capacity to achieve housing and employment growth targets. 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan Growth Targets Consistent with the Growth Management Act, the City has been assigned growth targets for both additional employment (jobs) and housing units for the period between 2019 and 2044. 2018 Baseline Additional Unit/ Job Target 2044 Total Target Housing (Units) 7,869 6,500 14,369 Employment (Jobs) 44,966 15,890 60,856 From 2019 to present, the City has seen significant housing growth reducing the total number of housing units needed to achieve the housing growth target by 2044, detailed further in the Housing Element and Housing Background Report. Reasonable Measures Due to Tukwila's low housing and employment growth rate compared to the target rates and number of new housing units and jobs achieved, the City was recommended to adopt reasonable measures by King County to address this inconsistency. Specifically, King County recommends adopting "Action(s) to encourage and / or incentivize residential development", and "Action(s) to encourage and / or incentivize non-residential development". Policies and implementation strategies related to increasing residential and non-residential development can be found within the Housing and Economic Development Element and associated materials. Comprehensive Plan Designations Comprehensive Plan Designations provide general direction for desired land uses in the designation or anticipated in future development in the designation over the planning period. Zoning Districts should correspond with Comprehensive Plan Designations when areas are redesignated as a new Zoning District. Descriptions of Comprehensive Plan Designations are below and the corresponding zoning classifications for each designation can be found in Figure 2. Residential • Community Residential (CR) designated areas are characterized a variety of low and medium -density housing types including but not limited to single-family, duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, townhomes, cottage housing, courtyard apartments, accessory housing units, and their accessory uses, along with educational, institutional, and September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 2 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan recreational uses. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Commercial Redevelopment and Urban Renewal Overlays. • High Density Residential (HDR) designated areas are characterized by larger and higher density multi -family buildings and their accessory uses, along with educational, institutional, and recreational uses. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Commercial Redevelopment and Urban Renewal Overlays. Commercial • Office (0) designated areas are characterized by professional and commercial office structures mixed with retail. Mixed Use • Mixed Use Office (MUO) designated areas are characterized by professional and commercial office structures, mixed with retail and residential uses. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Tukwila South Overlay. • Neighborhood Commercial Center (NCC) designated areas are areas characterized and scaled to serve multiple residential areas with a diverse mix of uses. Uses include commercial; residential, including senior citizen housing; retail; service; office; and recreational and community facilities, generally along a transportation corridor. These uses are modified where covered by the Urban Renewal Overlay. • Residential Commercial Center (RCC) designated areas are pedestrian -friendly areas characterized and scaled to serve a local neighborhood, with a diverse mix of uses. Uses include certain commercial; residential; retail; service; office; and recreational and community facilities. • Regional Commercial (RC) designated areas are characterized by residential, mixed use, commercial services, offices, lodging, entertainment, and retail activities. • Regional Commercial Mixed -Use (RCM) designated areas are areas characterized by commercial services, offices, lodging, entertainment, retail activities and associated warehousing, and certain accessory light industrial uses. Residential uses mixed with certain commercial uses are also allowed. September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 3 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan • The Tukwila Urban Center (TUC) designated Southcenter Urban Center subarea is intended to develop as a high -density, regionally -oriented, mixed -use center. Residential development is encouraged in proximity to water amenities, or within walking distance of the Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak station or the bus transit center. It contains five sub -districts differentiated through uses and development standards: Regional Center (RC), Transit -Oriented Development (TOD), Pond (P), Commercial Corridor (CC), and Workplace (WP). • The Tukwila Valley South (TVS) designated areas are characterized by high -intensity regional uses that include commercial services, offices, light industry, warehousing and retail, with heavy industrial subject to a Conditional Use Permit. Mixed -use residential is conditionally permitted within 500 feet of the Green River. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Tukwila South Overlay. Industrial • Commercial/Light Industrial (C/LI) designated areas are characterized by a mix of commercial, office or light industrial uses. • Light Industrial (LI) designated areas are characterized by distributive and light manufacturing uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. • Heavy Industrial (HI) designated areas characterized by heavy or bulk manufacturing uses and distributive and light manufacturing uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. These uses are modified where covered by the Tukwila South Overlay. • Manufacturing Industrial Center/ -Light (MIC/L) designated areas are a major regional employment area containing distributive, light manufacturing and limited office uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. • Manufacturing Industrial Center/ -Heavy (MIC/H) designated areas are a major regional employment area containing distributive, light manufacturing and heavy manufacturing uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 4 VL City of Tukwila 'r t Comprehensive Plan Comprehensive Plan Designation Corresponding Zoning Classifications Residential Community Residential (CR) Community Residential (CR), Low Density Residential (LDR), Medium Density Residential (MDR) High Density Residential (HDR) High Density Residential (HDR) Commercial Office (0) Office (0) Mixed Use Mixed Use Office (MUO) Mixed Use Office (MUO) Neighborhood Commercial Center (NCC) Neighborhood Commercial Center (NCC) Regional Commercial (RC) Regional Commercial (RC) Residential Commercial Center (RCC) Residential Commercial Center (RCC) Regional Commercial Mixed Use (RCM) Regional Commercial Mixed Use (RCM) Tukwila Urban Center (Regional Growth Center) Commercial Corridor (TUC -CC), Pond District (TUC-PD), Regional Center (TUC -RC), Transit Oriented Development (TUC-TOD), Work Place (TUC-WP) Tukwila Valley South (TVS) Tukwila Valley South (TVS) Industrial Commercial/Light Industrial (C/LI) C/LI Light Industrial (LI) LI Heavy Industrial (HI) HI Manufacturing Industrial Center/ -Light (MIC/L) (Regional Employment Center) MIC/L Manufacturing Industrial Center/ -Heavy (MIC/H) (Regional Employment Center) MIC/H Figure 2. Comprehensive Plan Designations and Corresponding Zoning Classifications September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 5 j ' City of Tukwila •y . Comprehensive Plan DRAFT September 2024 Lake Washington t— vl t € _ii e y�, �ty 1 ♦ PO • 5 144th St ° ' 67 � :374-vd. t Sbulhce" 4br • • EagleView Technologies, n Land Use Designations CR - Community Residential HDR- High Density Res. MUO - Mixed Use Office 0 - Office RCC - Residential Corn. Center NCC - Neighborhood Corn. Center RC - Regional Corn. District im RCM - Regional Corn. Mixed -Use C/LI - Corn. / Light Ind. HI - Heavy Ind. LI - Light Ind. MIC/L - Manufacturing Ind. Center (Light) MIC/H - Manufacturing Ind. Center (Heavy) TVS -Tukwila Valley South TUC - Pond -1 TUC- Regional Center 4. TUC -Commercial Corridor TUC - Workplace TUC-TOD j__; Tukwila Urban Center North Tukwila Manufacturing Industrial Center *- Link Light Rail -- — Sounder Commuter Rail C.'', City Limits r — , Potential Annexation — J Area I 0 0.5 1 Miles Land Use Background Report Page 6 VL City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan DRAFT L • • • 1 1 September 2024 Angle take r. 160th St I ♦ Lake Washingron • • • N\ J p • sir EagleView Technologies, Jnc Land Use Background Report Zoning HDR- High Density Res. MDR- Medium Density Res. LDR - Low Density Res. C/LI - Com. / Light Ind. HI - Heavy Ind. LI - Light Ind. - MIC/H - Manufacturing Ind. Center(Heavy) MIC/L- Manufacturing Ind. Center (Light) MUO- Mixed Use Office NCC - Neighborhood Corn. Center • 0 - Office A RC - Regional Corn. District RCC - Residential Corn. Center ▪ RCM - Regional Corn. Mixed -Use — TUC - Commercial Corridor TUC - Pond ▪ TUC - Regional Center — TUC-TOD 1- TUC - Workplace _ TVS -Tukwila Valley South Urban Center Boundary Q Manufacturing_Industrial — a— Link Light Rail - Sounder Commuter Rail 1 7 City Limits r - Potential Annexation — -1 Area I I 0 0.5 1 Miles Page 7 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan Overlays In addition to zoning and land use designations, Tukwila employs a number of overlays, modifying or adding additional regulations to certain geographies within the City. These include the Public Recreation Overlay, Special Height Exception Area, Special Height Limitation Area, Tukwila South Overlay and Urban Renewal Overlay. Details of each overlay are defined within the Tukwila Municipal Code. Potential Annexation Areas Tukwila has two designated areas of potential annexation within unincorporated King County, as shown in Figure 3. The first potential annexation area is approximately 50 acres on the southwestern edge of current City Limits, bordering the City of SeaTac directly west of Orilla Road South. This area contains significant changes in topography, likely severely limiting development potential, and has a small number of existing single family homes across several multiacre parcels. The second potential annexation area encompasses approximately 165 acres on the City's northwestern City Limits, bordering the City of Burien to the south, City of Seattle to the north and Unincorporated King County, generally recognized as White Center, to the west. The area consists of a substation, Hamm Creek's path of flow into the Duwamish River, the Duwamish Yacht Club, low density industrial land and a section of West Marginal Way South. September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 8 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Figure 3. Potential Annexation Areas September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 9 j ' City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 1 7170127. International iii i ;l v :. it H Airport I-0 if T • 3 Figure 4. Historical Annexations September 2024 City of Tukwila History MapIn Mr. Mee or 111.10 Annex mr rt .66.1. 1060 1.11 1.1 lee 1065 1067 19)6 Ian 1070 1901 1906 1066 1960 1906 1960 IWO 1. 1900 1969 ..� ecu.erae q. 1.6 .. .n r.o.i 678 GUSH PP,. eeee w.wy... ucs�.... .10 191,61 SAWS u.m.i 1.pee. iAle Perms Am em me.p. Land Use Background Report Page 10 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan Zoning Classification Acres Percentage of City Land LDR (Low Density Residential) 1,118.3 35.4% MDR (Medium Density Residential) 57.7 1.8% HDR (High Density Residential) 121.0 3.8% MUO (Mixed Use Office) 7.3 0.2% O (Office) 27.2 0.9% RCC (Residential Commercial Center) 5.1 0.2% NCC (Neighborhood Commercial Center) 28.3 0.9% RC (Regional Commercial) 50.8 1.6% RCM (Regional Commercial Mixed Use) 60.9 1.9% TUC -CC (Tukwila Urban Center - Commercial Corridor) 89.8 2.8% TUC -Pond (Tukwila Urban Center - Pond) 70.1 2.2% TUC -RC (Tukwila Urban Center - Regional Center) 120.8 3.8% TUC-TOD (Tukwila Urban Center - Transit Oriented Development) 126.3 4.0% TUC-WP (Tukwila Urban Center - Workplace) 227.3 7.2% C/LI (Commercial/Light Industrial) 342.7 10.8% LI (Light Industrial) 51.4 1.6% HI (Heavy Industrial) 88.3 2.8% MIC/L (Manufacturing Industrial Center/Light) 59.0 1.9% MIC/H (Manufacturing Industrial Center/Heavy) 488.6 15.5% TVS (Tukwila Valley South) 10.7 0.3% Figure 5. Zoned Land Section 2 - Community Profile The Community Profile discusses Tukwila's current and future population as well as the age, race, and ethnicity of residents. It also discusses the size, income, and characteristics of the City's households. These demographic and household characteristics provide background and context for the types of services, amenities, and housing required to better serve Tukwila residents. Population Washington's Office of Financial Management (OFM) 2024 estimates that Tukwila has a population of 22,930 people. Figure 3 shows the change in population by decade between 1970 September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 11 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan and 2023. Over the last 20 years Tukwila's population has grown by about 33%, similar to the 35% population growth experienced by King County over the same time period. Note: Since the 1990 annexation of Cascade View, Tukwila has had added little or no population from through annexation. 25,000 20,000 c 15,000 0 0 0 a 10,000 5,000 Tukwila Population 1970-2024 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2024 Figure 6. Tukwila's population, 1970-2023. Source: 2023 Office of Financial Management, Forecasting and Research Division, Postcensal Estimates of April 1 Population, 1960 to Present Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Language Figure 4 shows the racial and ethnic breakdown of the Tukwila and King County populations. Tukwila is a much more diverse community than most of King County with about 70% of the population identifying as people of color, compared with 43% in King County. The city has a higher share of Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and Black residents than the county as a whole. September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 12 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT King County Tukwila Tukwila and King County Race/Ethnicity 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% • White • Black / African American Hispanic / Latino • Asian • Other / Two or More Races • Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander • American Indian / Alaska Native Figure 7. Racial and Ethnic Distribution in Tukwila and King County, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP05. Note: all categories except "Hispanic/Latino" show non - Hispanic portions of population for each racial group. Figure 5 shows age by sex in Tukwila and King County. The Tukwila population is somewhat younger than the county population with 65% under 45 years old compared to 62% countywide, and 11% over 65 compared to 13% countywide. Tukwila also has a significantly larger share of male residents than the county (54% versus 46%). Age by Sex in Tukwila and King County 85 years and over Imo= 75 to 84 years = 65 to 74 years I=M I 60 to 64 years I 55 to 59 years I 45 to 54 years 1 v cs 35to44years 1 25 to 34 years I 20 to 24 years I 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years 1 Under 5 years 25% 15% ❑ Male - King County • Male - Tukwila 5% 5% 15% 25% ❑ Female - King County Female - Tukwila Figure 8. Age Distribution by Sex in Tukwila and King County, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey, Table S0101 September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 13 VL City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Nearly 40% of Tukwila residents were born in a country other than the United States. A little over a third of Tukwila residents were born in the state of Washington and 22% were born in another U.S. state or territory. A significant number of Tukwila residents were born in Asian, African, and Latin American countries, as seen in Figure 6. Among those that were born in other nations, 20.5% are naturalized U.S citizens (2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B05001). Place of Birth Percent Total Native Born 60.8% 13,099 Washington State 36.3% 7,821 Elsewhere in US 24.5% 5,279 Foreign Born 39.2% 8,446 Europe 2.9% 616 Asia 17.4% 3,754 Africa 8.5% 1,839 Oceania 1.8% 388 Latin America 8.2% 1,772 Northern America 0.4% 76 Figure 9. Tukwila Residents Place of Birth, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table CP02 Almost 50% of Tukwila residents speak a language other than English at home. The diversity of languages spoken at home correlates well with the diversity of residents that are foreign born. About 17% speak an Asian or Pacific Island language, and 12% speak Spanish at home. Language Percent Total English 53.8% 10,951 Spanish 12.1% 2,455 Indo-European languages 5.4% 1,097 Asian/Pacific Island languages 17.3% 3,530 Other languages 11.4% 2,318 Figure 10. Language Spoken at Home, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table S1601 September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 14 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Household Characteristics Household Size, Type, and Tenure The U.S. Census Bureau defines a household as "all the people who occupy a housing unit." Households can be comprised of any combination of related family members, unrelated people, or individuals.' The 2021 American Community Survey estimated about 7,755 total households in Tukwila (note: the current figure is higher, due to recent housing production). Figure 8 shows household composition in Tukwila and King County. Overall, the shares of family and non -family households are very similar to county averages, with 59% of households classified as family households. About 28% of Tukwila residents live alone, and 8% of nonfamily households are residents over 65 years old. Household Type Tukwila King County Total Percent Total Percent Total Households 7,755 100% 924,763 100% Family households 4,591 59% 548,708 59% Married -couple family 3,100 40% 445,269 48% Other family 1,491 19% 103,439 11% Nonfamily households 3,164 41% 376,055 41% Householder living alone 2,201 28% 274,452 30% Householder 65 years and over 586 8% 75,138 8% Householder not living alone 963 12% 101,603 8% Figure 11. Household Composition in Tukwila, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) 5- Year Estimates, Table 52501 Figure 9 shows tenure (renting vs owning a home) in Tukwila. Within King County Tukwila is unusual in having a greater share of renters than homeowners, with 57% of households renting and 43% owning their homes. ' Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Subject Definitions. September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 15 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Households 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Tenure (rent vs own) in Tukwila, King County, and Washington 57% 43% Tukwila 43% 57% King County • Owner -occupied • Renter -occupied 37% 63% Washington Figure 12. Tenure in Tukwila, King County, and Washington State, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04 As shown in Figure 10, in Tukwila, White non -Hispanic households are significantly more likely to be homeowners than renters, as are Asian households, to a lesser degree. Hispanic, Black, and other non-White groups or Asian households are more likely to rent. As a result these groups are disproportionately exposed to increasing housing costs, which impacts renters more directly than homeowners. Households 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Household Race/Ethnicity and Tenure ii I — . MI M M ■ Black or American Asian Native Some other Two or Hispanic or White African Indian and Hawaiian race more races Latino alone, not American Alaska and Other origin Hispanic or Native Pacific Latino Islander Owner • Renter Figure 13. Tenure by Race in Tukwila, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table S2502 September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 16 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan Vehicles per Household Most Tukwila households have one vehicle or less, including 60% of all renter households. About 8% of households have four or more vehicles (including 15% of homeowners. Overall, these figures are similar to countywide averages. 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 I Vehicles per Household, Tukwila WA I I i I In . = No vehicle 1 vehicle 2 vehicles 3 vehicles 4 vehicles 5 or more available available available available available vehicles available ■ Owner occupied ■ Renter occupied Figure 14. Vehicles per household in Tukwila. Source: 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Income As shown in Figure 12, the median household income (MHI) in Tukwila was $71,688 in 2021, $38,898 less than the King County MHI and $12,559 less than the statewide average. Additionally, renters in Tukwila earn less than homeowners, with a median household income for renter households of $62,929 in 2021, compared to $89,653 for ownership households. September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 17 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT v E 0 u c $71,688 Median Household Income $89,653 $62,929 $110,586 $84,247 Tukwila Tukwila (Ownership Tukwila (Renter King County Washington Households) Households) Figure 15. Inflation -Adjusted Median Household Income in Tukwila and Region, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table S2503, CPI Inflation Index Figure 13 shows the income distribution of Tukwila households. In Tukwila 58.6% of households earn less than 80% of the area median income, the maximum threshold to be eligible for most income -restricted affordable housing units. = 20% 15% 10% .46 5% c 0 a Tukwila Household Income as a Share of Area Median Income (AMI) Less than 30% 30-50% 50-80% Household AMI Range 80-100% Greater than 100% Figure 16. Share of Households by Income Level in Tukwila, 2016-2020. Source: HUD CHAS September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 18 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan Workforce Profile Tukwila's workforce is significantly larger than its residential population; the city has 45,825 primary jobs as of 2022, compared to a population of 22,780. Compared to the county, Tukwila's workforce is more concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail, and transportation/warehousing, and less concentrated in information technology, professional services, education, healthcare, and other services. Overall Tukwila's workforce is somewhat lower income and less educated than the county's as a whole. Additionally, 64% of Tukwila's workforce commutes 10 or more miles to get to work. Aligning land use and transportation policies can help reduce the number of residents and workers that have long commutes. Commute Distance Less than 10 miles 10 to 24 miles 25 to 50 miles Greater than 50 miles Share 36.4% 40.8% 12.6% 10.2% Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2022. LEHD Origin -Destination Employment Statistics (2002-2020) [computer file]. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, Longitudinal -Employer Household Dynamics Program [distributor], accessed on 9/1/2023 at https://onthemap.ces.census.gov. LODES 8.0 [version] Jobs by NAICS Industry Sector Tukwila Share King County Share Manufacturing 18.8% 7.8% Retail Trade 16.5% 8.6% Wholesale Trade 8.8% 5.0% Accommodation and Food Services 8.2% 7.4% Health Care and Social Assistance 7.5% 12.0% Construction 6.6% 5.5% Transportation and Warehousing 6.3% 4.7% Administration & Support, Waste Management and Remediation 4.7% 5.5% Finance and Insurance 3.9% 3.2% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 3.7% 10.1% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 3.6% 2.2% Management of Companies and Enterprises 2.7% 2.8% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 2.5% 1.9% Information 1.9% 9.1% Other Services (excluding Public Administration) 1.8% 3.5% Educational Services 1.5% 7.1% Public Administration 1.1% 2.8% Other 0.0% 0.4% September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 19 1V City of Tukwila •� . Comprehensive Plan Section 3 - Current Land Use .ana Use Mix Tukwila has a broad mix of land uses, with a larger share of non-residential land uses than most suburban cities. By land area the largest existing land use is characterized by wholesale, warehousing, and distribution related uses, which may include some manufacturing uses as well, generally located in the north and southern ends of the City in low-lying areas along the valley of the Green/Duwamish River. The majority (63%) of parcels citywide are used for single -unit residential, predominantly located in hillier areas in the central portion of the city. Use Parcels Acres Acres % Single unit residential 3,420 939.4 18.9% Multi-unit/middle housing residential 199 196.7 4.0% Mobile homes/other residential 148 37.2 0.7% Lodging 61.2 24 1.2% General commercial 140 324.8 6.5% Private services/office 111 251.6 5.1% Wholesale, warehouse and distribution 256 956.6 19.2% Civic and religious 43 194.3 3.9% Parking 8 16.9 0.3% Vacant 794 890.3 17.9% Recreation and open space 29 242.1 4.9% Utilities and infrastructure 121 505.0 10.2% Other (water, ROW) 105 355.3 7.1% Total 5,400 4,972.5 100% Figure 17. Existing Land Uses, Source: King County Tax Assessor, 2023 September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 20 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 4 . R I September 2024 Angle Lake ♦ • • i ▪ IZ'ct �y S 200N, St 1 Lake Washington L EagleView Technologfe ‚I') Current Land Use Single Family Residential Other Residential Multifamily & Middle Housing ▪ Lodging ▪ Commercial ▪ Private Services Wholesale, Warehouse & Distribution Civic & Religious — Utilities & Infrastructure Parking Vacant Recreation & Open Space JAL Link Light Rail — — Sounder Commuter Rail — Railroad — -, Potential Annexation — -' Area _ I City Limits 1 0 0.5 1 Miles Land Use Background Report Page 21 44City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Residential Use Mix According to OFM, Tukwila has 9,154 housing units as of 2023. The breakdown of unit types is shown below in Figure 15. Compared to the County, Tukwila has a lower share of housing units that are single-family detached units (40%) versus the County's share of single-family detached units (52%). Tukwila also has a noticeably higher share (24%) of middle density (having 5-19 units) multifamily buildings than the county, which only has 12.2% of similar buildings with a total of 5-19 units. In Tukwila, the percentage of 5-19-unit multifamily buildings is actually a slightly higher share of housing structures having more than 20 or more units (21.8%). Housing Units 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1.7% 21.8% 16.0% 7.3% 2.7% 40.1% Tukwila Building Type of 23.6% 6.2% 6.0% 1.5°, 52.0% King County Mobile home • 20 or more units • 10 to 19 units ■ 5to9units ■ 3or4units ■ 2units • 1-unit, attached • 1-unit, detached Figure 18. Housing Unit Type in Tukwila and King County, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04. September 2024 Land Use Background Report Page 22 DRAFT Tukwila Housing Background Report Introduction This background report consolidates essential information about Tukwila housing stock, households, future trends, and regional targets to inform the development of the Housing Element. It is organized into the following sections: Section 1 — Planning Context reviews regional planning for land use, transportation, and housing, as well as recent action by the state legislature that altered city powers and responsibilities regarding housing. Section 2 — Community Profile provides an overview of demographics of Tukwila residents and workers. Section 3 — Housing Inventory reviews the unique characteristics of Tukwila's housing stock. Section 4 — Housing Needs explores Tukwila's 2044 growth targets and progress, housing needs by income level, and the cost -burden to residents. This section also identifies gaps in the City's housing stock. Section 5 — Land Capacity Analysis reviews land availability for needed housing in Tukwila. Some key findings from this report include: • Growth targets: After slow housing growth between 2006 and 2018, Tukwila has seen significant new development between 2018 and 2023, helping to close the gap towards the 2044 housing target of 14,239 total units. As a result of slow growth, Tukwila must implement "reasonable measures" to ensure sustained housing production. As of 2023, Tukwila must build 5,045 units, or about 240 per year, to meet the target. • Income band allocation: Income -band allocations negotiated between the City and King County place 51% of new units of Tukwila's 2044 growth target in the greater than 120% area median income (AMI) category. This reflects County goals to balance low- and high -income housing across the county. • Housing size: The size, in terms of bedrooms, of Tukwila housing units is poorly aligned to the size and tenure of Tukwila households, i.e., renter households tend to be significantly larger than homeowner households, but renter units tend to be smaller. • Building age: Almost half of Tukwila housing units are more than fifty years old, and most units were constructed between 1960 and 1980. If well -maintained and protected from displacement, these units offer a naturally -occurring affordable housing reservoir. • Racially Disparate Impacts: Some policies in the 2015 Comprehensive Plan favored exclusive neighborhoods of individual housing types and included ambiguous references to views, character, and architectural design that could exacerbate racially disparate September 2024 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT impacts in housing. These policies have been updated and revised in the current planning cycle. • Vacancy rates: Tukwila has very low vacancy rates, which indicates a constrained housing market that doesn't have enough supply or provide households with ample choices as their housing needs change. In 2021, the rental vacancy rate was 1.3% and the ownership vacancy rate was 1.4%. Section 1- Planning Context Growth Management Act and HB 1220 King County and its cities and towns are required to meet Growth Management Act (GMA) planning requirements. In addition, in 2021, the state legislature passed House Bill 1220, which amended the GMA and instructed local governments to "plan and accommodate" for housing affordable to all income levels. Per the Department of Commerce, cities must now: • Plan for and accommodate housing that is affordable to all economic segments; including emergency housing, shelter, and permanent supportive housing; • Promote a variety of residential densities and housing types; • Encourage the preservation of existing housing stock; • Provide housing units necessary to meet statewide projections for moderate, low, very low, and extremely low-income households; • Report on actions taken to provide housing and increase affordability and diversity in supply; and • Demonstrate how local housing policy is linked to adjacent city, county, regional, and statewide housing efforts. In response to this update, the Department of Commerce and King County have provided guidance and housing need targets with a focus on affordability and racially disparate housing impacts. Tukwila must take the requirements of HB 1220 into account during the 2024 Comprehensive Plan periodic update. Regional Planning and Growth Targets The City of Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan must align with regional growth strategies — Puget Sound Regional Council's VISION 2050 and VISION 2050's Multicounty Planning Policies, and King County's Countywide Planning Policies (CPP) and Urban Growth Capacity (UGC) Report. Puget Sound Regional Council VISION 2050 • VISION 2050, passed in October 2020, is the region's plan for growth and sets the stage for updates to countywide planning policies and comprehensive plans developed by cities and counties. • VISION 2050 calls for cities and counties to support building more diverse housing types, especially near transit, services, and jobs. The plan also calls for more housing that's affordable to moderate, low- and very low-income households, including homeownership options. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 2 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT • Tukwila is one of the 16 Core Cities in PSRC's VISION 2050. It is the smallest Core City, in terms of population, in King County. The Regional Growth Strategy calls for King County's Core Cities to accommodate a large share of the county's population and employment growth through the year 2050. King County Countywide Planning Policies • RCW 36.70A.210 requires Washington counties to adopt countywide planning policies in cooperation with the cities within its jurisdiction. • King County and each of its 39 cities recently ratified the 2021 King County Countywide Planning Policies (CPPs) in preparation for the 2024 statutory updates of city comprehensive plans and in conjunction with the region's growth plan, VISION 2050. • Under the Growth Management Act, King County, in coordination with the cities in King County, adopts growth targets for the next 20-year planning period. The growth targets are adopted in the CPP and represent policy statements about the amount of housing and job growth each jurisdiction is planning to accommodate in its comprehensive plan. The allocations of growth are consistent with the VISION 2050 Regional Growth Strategy. • King County classifies Tukwila as a Core City and sets a growth target of a minimum of 6,500 new housing units and 15,890 new jobs in Tukwila for the period between 2019 and 2044. These growth targets were adopted in the Countywide Planning Policies and ratified by the Tukwila City Council. Tukwila Community Renewal Area In 1998, the City adopted the Pacific Highway Revitalization Plan, a subarea plan for the Tukwila International Boulevard (TIB) corridor that documented unsafe, unattractive, and declining conditions in the area and conveyed a positive vision for the corridor's future. Building on that effort, in 2000, the City adopted an urban renewal plan that designated an urban renewal area of approximately 64 acres. The designated renewal area allows the City greater latitude to buy and condemn property and conduct site master planning. The City acquired land and worked with developers, nonprofits, and agency partners to create a successful mixed -use development, Tukwila Village, that includes public gathering spaces, a King County Library System (KCLS) public library, and senior housing. The renewal area is still in place and allows the City to undertake similar actions on parcels within the boundary. Regional Transit Planning Tukwila is located within the area served by Sound Transit, formally known as the Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority. Sound Transit has passed three ballot measures within its service area since 1996 to create and expand high -capacity transit systems, including express bus service, light rail, bus rapid transit (BRT), and commuter rail. Tukwila is currently served by Link light rail at the Tukwila International Boulevard Station and by Sounder commuter rail at the Tukwila Station. In 2016, voters passed the Sound Transit 3 ballot measure, which proposed creating an 1-405 BRT line, adding a light rail station in north Tukwila at Boeing Access Road, and improving Sounder commuter rail frequency. The Boeing Access Road station is planned to open in 2031 and will bring high -capacity transit to this area. "Stride" BRT on 1-405 is planned September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 3 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT for 2028 and will improve transit access to Burien, Renton, and Bellevue from Tukwila International Boulevard Station. Delays in opening both projects are possible. State Planning Preemptions In April 2023, the Washington State Legislature passed several housing -related preemptions and regulations. State preemption constrains local government power around certain actions. The following are the most relevant to Tukwila. 2023 & 2024 Legislation Directly Impacting City Government • HB 1110 — Reduces zoning and permitting barriers to middle housing. • HB 1337 — Preempts common regulations on accessory dwelling units (ADU). • SB 5258 — Requires a short plat procedure for unit lot subdivisions, which is a division of a parent lot into separately owned unit lots (often a useful tool for middle housing). • SB 5258 — Requires lower impact fees for smaller unit residential development; • SB 5491 — Encourages cities to allow single -stairway residential buildings up to six stories and with up to four units per floor (currently allowed in buildings up to three stories). • HB 1042 — Prohibits cities from using development regulations (such as density limits or parking) to prevent added housing within an existing building envelope in a zone that allows multifamily use. • HB 1998 — Legalizes co -living housing on lots allowing at least six units. • HB 1181 — Requires comprehensive plans to include a Climate Change & Resiliency Element, starting with planning for the 2045 cycle. This doesn't apply to Tukwila's 2024 Comprehensive Plan Update, but may impact housing policies and implementation. • SB 6015 — Limits restrictions placed on orientation and type of parking required. 2023 & 2024 Legislation Indirectly Impacting City Government • HB 1771 and SB 5198 — Strengthens rules to give mobile home park residents an opportunity to purchase the property when proposed for closure or conversion, and for displaced residents to receive relocation assistance. • SB 5258 and SB 5058 — Encourages construction of small condominium buildings by modifying the procedures for construction defect actions and warranty claims and exempting buildings with 12 or fewer units and two or less stories from condo defect provisions such as extra inspections. • HB 1474 — Creates a statewide down payment assistance program for first-time homebuyers with income less than the area median who were themselves, or are descendants of someone who was, excluded from homeownership in Washington by a racially restrictive real estate covenant prior to 1968. • HB 1074 and SB 5197 — Strengthens tenant protections upon move -out or eviction. • SB 5290 — Creates a consolidated permit review grant program that jurisdictions can apply for to help install a faster permitting process for residential applications for permits covered by the international residential code (IRC). Federal Development Incentives September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 4 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Two federal designations subsidize development in certain parts of Tukwila by making tax credits available under certain conditions. Opportunity Zones The Opportunity Zone program included in the federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 was designed to provide tax incentives to investors who fund businesses in underserved communities. Investors in Qualified Opportunity Funds that are invested in distressed communities in designated Opportunity Zones can defer paying taxes on capital gains. The program expires in 2026. In Tukwila, census tracts 272, 282, 281, and 273, generally located in the northeast/central part of the City, are designated Opportunity Zones. Eligible areas can be seen in Figure 1. Qualified Census Tracts U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development designates census tracts where 50% of households fall under 60% AMI as "qualified census tracts". Federal low-income housing tax credits (LIHTC) have increased value when used to finance affordable housing developments in these tracts. Eligible Areas can be seen in Figure 2. Tracts 271, 272, 273, 281, 282, and 264 are qualified census tracts. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 5 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT City of Tukwila ful 0 Opportunity Zones Figure 1. Opportunity Zone eligible tracts September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 6 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT City of Tukwila Qualified Census Tracts Figure 2. Qualified census tracts Section 2 - Community Profile The Community Profile examines Tukwila's current and future population as well as the age, race, and ethnicity of residents. It also discusses the size, income, and characteristics of the City's households. These demographic and household characteristics provide background and context for the types of housing required to better serve Tukwila residents. 'opulation and Demographics Historic and Future Population Tukwila's population in 2020 was 21,798 according to the Washington Office of Financial Management (OFM). The OFM Postcensus 2024 population estimate for the City is 22,930 residents, and 9,231 housing units. In the last 20 years, the City has experienced a relatively stable growth rate of about 1% per year. For comparison, King County has experienced a growth rate of about 1.4% per year over the last 20 years. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 7 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Language Figure 3 shows the racial and ethnic breakdown of the Tukwila and King County populations. Tukwila is a much more diverse community than most of King County, with about 67% of the population identifying as people of color, compared with 40% in King County. The City has a higher proportion of Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and Black residents than the county as a whole. King County Tukwila Tukwila and King County Race/Ethnicity 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% • White • Black / African American Hispanic / Latino • Asian • Other / Two or More Races • Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander • American Indian / Alaska Native Figure 3. Racial and Ethnic Distribution in Tukwila and King County, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP05. Note: all categories except "Hispanic/Latino" show non - Hispanic portions of population for each racial group. Figure 4 shows age by sex in Tukwila and King County. The Tukwila population is somewhat younger than the county population, having around 65% under 45 years old, compared to 62% countywide, and 11% older than 65, compared to 13% countywide. Tukwila also has a significantly larger share of male residents than the county (54% versus 46%). Approximately 9.6% of Tukwila Residents are estimated to have some form of disability (2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table S1810). September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 8 44City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 85 years and over 75 to 84 years 65 to 74 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 45 to 54 years a) Q 35 to 44 years 25 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years Under 5 years Age by Sex in Tukwila and King County C- I 1 1 1 1 J 1 J I I 25% 15% ❑ Male - King County • Male - Tukwila 1 1 I 1 I ■ I 1 1 1 5% 5% 15% 25% ❑ Female - King County Female - Tukwila Figure 4. Age Distribution by Sex in Tukwila and King County, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey, Table S0101 Nearly 40% of Tukwila residents were born in a country other than the United States. A little more than a third of Tukwila residents were born in the state of Washington and 22% were born in another U.S. state or territory. A significant number of Tukwila residents were born in Asian, African, and Latin American countries, as shown in Figure 5. Among those that were born in other nations, 55.0% are naturalized U.S citizens (2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B05002). September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 9 VL City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Place of Birth Percent Total 13,099 Native Born 60.8% USA (same state) 37.3% 7,821 USA (other state) 22.3% 4,805 Foreign Born 39.2% 8,446 Europe 2.9% 616 Asia 17.4% 3,754 Africa 8.5% 1,839 Oceania 1.8% 388 Latin America 8.2% 1,772 Northern America 0.4% 76 Figure 5. Tukwila Residents Place of Birth, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table CP02 Figure 6 shows further differentiation of place of birth, and U.S. citizen status by race and ethnicity. Significant discrepancies between racial and ethnic groups can be seen, with over half of non-native born White, Black, Asian and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander residents having gained U.S. citizenship, while a far smaller proportion of residents identifying as Some Other race, or as ethnically Hispanic or Latino have become naturalized U.S. citizens. 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Place of Birth and Citizen Status by Race and Ethnicity IN- MIN Total White alone Black or Asian alone Native Some Other Two or More Hispanic or population African Hawaiian Race alone Races Latino (of American and Other any race) alone Pacific Islander alone ■ Native ■ Naturalized U.S. citizen ■ Not a U.S. citizen Figure 6. Place of Birth and Citizen Status by Race and Ethnicity, 2021. American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B05002 Almost 50% of Tukwila residents speak a language other than English at home. The diversity of languages spoken at home correlates well with the diversity of residents that are foreign born. About 17% speak an Asian or Pacific Island language, and 12% speak Spanish at home. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 10 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Language Percent Total English 53.8% 10,951 Spanish 12.1% 2,455 Indo-European languages 5.4% 1,097 Asian/Pacific Island languages 17.3% 3,530 Other languages 11.4% 2,318 Figure 7. Language Spoken at Home, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table S1601 Household Characteristics Household Size, Type, and Tenure The U.S. Census Bureau defines a household as "all the people who occupy a housing unit." Households can be comprised of any combination of related family members, unrelated people, or individuals.' The 2021 American Community Survey estimated about 7,755 total households in Tukwila (note: the current figure is higher, due to increased housing production between 2018 and 2024). Figure 8 shows household composition in Tukwila and King County. Overall, the shares of family and non -family households are very similar to county averages, with 59% of households classified as family households. A smaller percentage of Tukwila family households are married couple families (40%), compared with King County family households (48%). Similar to King County, about 28% of Tukwila residents live alone and 8% of nonfamily households are residents over 65 years old. Household composition data can provide insight into the types and sizes of housing that will best meet City residents' needs. Household Type Tukwila King County Total Percent Total Percent Total Households 7,755 100% 924,763 100% Family households 4,591 59% 548,708 59% Married -couple family 3,100 40% 445,269 48% Other family 1,491 19% 103,439 11% Nonfamily households 3,164 41% 376,055 41% Householder living alone 2,201 28% 274,452 30% Householder not living alone 963 12% 101,603 8% Householder 65 years and over 586 8% 75,138 8% Figure 8. Household Composition in Tukwila, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table S2501 Figure 9 shows tenure (renting vs owning a home) in Tukwila. Tukwila is unusual, compared with King County and State of Washington data, in having a greater share of renters than homeowners, with 57% of households renting and 43% owning their homes. This distribution of September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 11 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT owner and renter households has remained relatively flat over the last few decades, with owner occupancy rates of 39%, 42%, and 43% reported in the 1990, 2000 and 2010 censuses respectively (1990 Census, 2000 Census, 2010 Census). A higher distribution of renter households also means increases in rental housing prices can have an immediate impact on most Tukwila households, and, since renters are more likely to be Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) and lower -income households, a disproportionate impact on those populations. Households 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Tenure (rent vs own) in Tukwila, King County, and Washington 57% 43% Tukwila 43% 57% King County • Owner -occupied • Renter -occupied 37% 63% Washington Figure 9. Tenure in Tukwila, King County, and Washington State, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey (A CS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04 As shown in Figure 10Error! Reference source not found., in Tukwila, White households are significantly more likely to be homeowners than renters, as are Asian households, to a lesser degree. Hispanic, Black, and other non-White or Asian households are more likely to rent. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 12 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT •�_ V 'E 100% 120% w 80% a) rts 60% _0 40% t 20% a, 0 0% 0 population Household Tenure by Race and Ethnicity Total White alone Black or Asian alone Native Some Other Two or Hispanic or African Hawaiian Race alone More Races Latino (of American and Other any race) alone Pacific Islander alone • Owner ■ Renter Figure 10. Tenure by Race in Tukwila, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04 Figure 11 shows the breakdown of Tukwila's households by tenure and household size. Of the 7,755 total households in Tukwila, 15% are three -person households, and the remaining 85% are equal proportions of the one -person, two -person, and four- or more person households, at about 28% each. The majority of Tukwila's one-, two-, and three -person households are renters (58%, 53%, and 50%, respectively). Almost two-thirds (64%) of those living in four- or more person households are renters. Of the 3,315 households owning a home, 59% live in one- or two -person households. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 13 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 4+ person household 3-person household 2-person household 1-person household Household Size and Tenure 1,366 604 • ■ 0 1,193 1,277 500 1000 1500 Households • Ownership Households • Renter Households 2000 2500 Figure 11. Tukwila Tenure by Household Size, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table S2501 As shown in Figure 12, there is a mismatch between the percentage of households with four or more people and the percentage of housing units having four or more bedrooms. Such a disparity likely creates pressure and increases competition for three- and two -bedroom units from households with four or more people. The lack of housing for larger households also suggests the potential for overcrowding among larger households or multi -generational families. When analyzed by tenure, the mismatch between the number of four or more person households and the number of housing units with four or more bedrooms indicates the impact is felt most acutely by households that rent. Figure 11, shows that there are sufficient four or more -bedroom units in the ownership market, but very few such units in the rental market. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 14 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Housing Unit Size ■ 0-1 bedroom • 2 or 3 bedrooms ■ 4+ bedrooms Household Size ■ 1 person HH ■ 3 person HH ■ 2 person HH ■ 4+ person HH 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Owners Renters Owners Renters Figures 12. Household Size and Housing Unit Size by Tenure in Tukwila, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Tables S2501, S2504 Income As shown in Figure 13, the median household income (MHI) in Tukwila was $71,688 in 2021, $38,898 less than the King County MHI and $12,559 less than the statewide average. Additionally, renters in Tukwila earn less than homeowners, with the median household income for renter households being $62,929 in 2021, compared to $89,653 for ownership households. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 15 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT v E 0 o c $71,688 Median Household Income $89,653 $62,929 $110,586 $84,247 Tukwila Tukwila (Ownership Tukwila (Renter King County Washington Households) Households) Figure 13. Inflation -Adjusted Median Household Income in Tukwila and Region, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table S2503, CPI Inflation Index As seen in Figure 14, significant discrepancies exist between the incomes of Tukwila households by race and ethnicity, with the median Black Households earning almost $20,000 less per year the median White Household, and almost $30,000 less per year than the median Asian Household. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 16 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT $100,000 $90,000 $80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $- Tukwila Median Household Income by Race and Ethnicity iiiillll Black or Some Hispanic Native White White (Not Two or American Asian African Other Race or Latino Hawaiian Alone Hispanic More Indian and Alone American Alone and Other or Latino) Races Alaska Alone Pacific Native Islander Alone Figure 14. Inflation -Adjusted Median Household Income in Tukwila by Race, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. Figure 15 shows the income distribution of Tukwila households. In Tukwila, 55.8% of households earn less than 80% of the area median income of $116,255, the maximum threshold to be eligible for most income -restricted affordable housing units. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 17 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 35% -o 0 30% t 25% 0 0% 0 a Household AMI Range 2 Tukwila Household Income as a Share of Area Median Income (AMI) Less than 30% 30-50% 50-80% 80-100% Greater than 100% Figure 15. Share of Households by Income Level in Tukwila, 2016-2020. Source: HUD CHAS Workforce Profile Tukwila's workforce is significantly larger than its residential population; the City has 42,989 jobs as of 2023, compared to a population of 22,930; a ratio of 1.87 jobs/residents, far higher than the County average (PSRC Covered Employment). The demographic composition of the workforce is less racially diverse than the City's residential population, but it is broadly like the countywide workforce composition in terms of age, race, and ethnicity. Compared to the county, Tukwila's workforce is more concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail, and transportation/warehousing, and less concentrated in information technology, professional services, education, healthcare, and other services. Overall Tukwila's workforce is lower income and less educated than the county's as a whole (Source: 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table S1501). Residence Location of Tukwila Workers Just 1.9% of persons working in Tukwila live in Tukwila, while 8.2% of Tukwila residents work within the City. Roughly, 64% of persons working in Tukwila commute more than 10 miles to their jobs, primarily travelling from the north or south. About one quarter of persons working in Tukwila live in other south King County cities (Kent, Renton, Federal Way, Auburn, Burien, or SeaTac), and one -eighth live in Seattle. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 18 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Residence Location of Tukwila Workers Share Seattle 12.8% Kent 7.2% Renton 5.5% Tacoma 4.2% Federal Way 4.1% Auburn 3.6% Burien 2.5% Bellevue 2.4% SeaTac 1.9% Tukwila 1.9% Other 53.9% Tukwila Workers Commute Distance Share Less than 10 miles 36.4% 10 to 24 miles 40.8% 25 to 50 miles 12.6% Greater than 50 miles 10.2% Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2022. LEHD Origin -Destination Employment Statistics (2002-2020) [computer file]. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, Longitudinal -Employer Household Dynamics Program [distributor], accessed on 9/1/2023 at https://onthemap.ces.census.gov. LODES 8.0 [version] Race and Hispanic Ethnicity of Workers in Tukwila Tukwila Share King County Share White Alone 71.2% 72.7% Black or African American Alone 7.8% 6.1% American Indian or Alaska Native Alone 0.8% 0.9% Asian Alone 14.8% 15.7% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander Alone 1.2% 0.7% Two or More Race Groups 4.3% 3.9% Hispanic or Latino 89.8% 91.6% Not Hispanic or Latino 10.2% 8.4% Jobs by NAICS Industry Sector Tukwila Share King County Share Manufacturing 18.8% 7.8% Retail Trade 16.5% 8.6% Wholesale Trade 8.8% 5.0% Accommodation and Food Services 8.2% 7.4% Health Care and Social Assistance 7.5% 12.0% Construction 6.6% 5.5% Transportation and Warehousing 6.3% 4.7% Administration & Support, Waste Management and Remediation 4.7% 5.5% Finance and Insurance 3.9% 3.2% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 3.7% 10.1% Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 3.6% 2.2% Management of Companies and Enterprises 2.7% 2.8% Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 2.5% 1.9% Information 1.9% 9.1% Other Services (excluding Public Administration) 1.8% 3.5% Educational Services 1.5% 7.1% Public Administration 1.1% 2.8% Other 0.0% 0.4% September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 19 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Section 3 - Housing Inventory Total Housing Units According to OFM, Tukwila has 9,231 housing units as of 2024. The approximate breakdown of unit types is shown below in Figure 16. Tukwila has a lower proportion of housing units that are single-family detached units (40%), compared to the County's proportion of single-family detached units (52%). Tukwila also has a noticeably higher proportion (24%) of middle density (having 5-19 units) multifamily buildings than the County, which only has 12.2% of similar buildings with a total of 5-19 units. In Tukwila, the percentage of 5-19 unit multifamily buildings is actually a slightly higher share of housing structures having more than 20 or more units (21.8%). Housing Units 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Type of Building 1.7% 1.2% 23.6% 6.2% 6.0% 1.5°° 5.6% 7.3% 2.7% Tukwila King County Mobile home ■ 20 or more units • 10 to 19 units ■ 5to9units ■ 3or4units ■ 2 units • 1-unit, attached • 1-unit, detached Figure 16. Housing Unit Type in Tukwila and King County, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 20 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Housing Age and Productiot- Figure 17 shows the age of the housing stock in Tukwila in comparison to King County, as of 2021. Tukwila generally has an older housing stock than the County. Most of Tukwila's housing stock was built between 1960 and 1989, and 45% is more than fifty years old (compared to 34% of County housing stock). Only about 22% of Tukwila's housing stock has been built in the last 30 years, about half the countywide rate (40%). Housing Units 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Housing Units Year Built 11.0% 18.1% 14.9% 19.5% 8.9% 8.2% 8.7% Tukwila 14.4% 13.7% 11.6% 14.0% 11.5% 10.5% 7.9% 11.0% King County • 2020 or later • 2010 to 2019 • 2000 to 2009 • 1990 to 1999 • 1980 to 1989 1970 to 1979 1960 to 1969 • 1950 to 1959 • 1940 to 1949 • 1939 or earlier Figure 17. Age of Housing in Tukwila and King County, 2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5- Year Estimates, Table DP04 September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 21 j• ' City of Tukwila • Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Building permit issuance data shown below in Figure 18 captures the 1980s as a period when a higher proportion of Tukwila's housing stock was built. It also shows that most of the recent multifamily development has happened within the last five years, though not all recent multifamily development is captured in the totals. This data shows issued permits, not completions, so some of the development in the last three years may not be captured in the data. Tukwila Building Permits by Year • Single-family Duplex Triplex/fourplex ■ 5+ unit Multifamily 180 165 150 135 120 105 c 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 �° cbL �� r �4' oi0 oiL �0 oi�° picb o° o1, 00 0(° 00) yO 1, y0, co y4' tiO 1'V do tie do do do tia do ti0do do yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo Year Figure 18. Tukwila Building Permits Issued by Unit Type, 1980-2022. Source: HUD State of the Cities Data Systems (SOCDS) Vacancy Rates Tukwila's vacancy rate for rental and ownership properties are shown in Figure 19. In 2021, the rental vacancy rate was 1.3%, a rate that has decreased drastically over the last decade, dropping from 7.3% in 2010. A rental vacancy rate of 5% is considered healthy, allowing units to turn over and offering renters choice among available stock. The ownership vacancy rate was 1.4% in 2021, and that rate has stayed mostly stable over the course of the last decade. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 22 44City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 7.0% 6.0% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year Homeowner Vacancy Rate 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Rental Vacancy Rate Figure 19. Vacancy Rates in Tukwila, 2010-2021. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table DP04 ArfA...4r hIp Hnucinci - et hcirIi,ari Affordable housing is a term that is used in different ways in different contexts. "Subsidized affordable housing" is housing supported by government or private subsidy and reserved for people earning below a certain income (other interrelated terms include low-income housing, subsidized housing, public housing, or rent -restricted housing). "Naturally occurring affordable housing (NOAH)" refers to market -rate housing, often in older buildings, having low rents. This section addresses subsidized affordable housing in Tukwila and will refer to it as affordable housing within this section. Affordable housing properties may be reserved for people meeting a range of criteria, such as families with children, seniors, people with physical or intellectual disabilities, or people with substance abuse disorders. Affordable housing is important to support community members who face barriers in the private housing market, especially those who are on the edge of, or transitioning out of, homelessness. This type housing is subsidized and mostly operated by government or nonprofit organizations. The main affordable housing provider in Tukwila is King County Housing Authority (KCHA), a government agency that provides housing assistance for families who need affordable alternatives to the private market. KCHA operates countywide. In Tukwila, King County Housing Authority's portfolio includes 283 housing units across three properties. In addition, Homestead Community Land Trust, a nonprofit, is building 11 subsidized housing units for low -to -moderate -income buyers as part of an 18-unit housing development. Other September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 23 j ' City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan DRAFT nonprofits including, Bellwether Housing, and Sustainable Housing for Ageless Generations (SHAG) have built 100 and 235 housing units, respectively, in Tukwila. Property Name Units Housing Type Resident Criteria King County Housing Author'ty Riverton Terrace 60 Multifamily Subsidized housing; Open to families, seniors 55+, and disabled persons Villages at South Station 191 Multifamily Moderate -income housing Pacific Court 32 Multifamily Persons exiting homelessness (PSH) Homestead Community Land Trust The Southard* 11 Semi -attached cottages Subsidized housing for sale Bellwether Confluence 103 Multifamily Subsidized housing; Income qualified residents Sustainable Housing for Ageless Generations — SHAG Tukwila Village 235 Multifamily Subsidized housing; Open to seniors 55+ and disabled persons Other Providers Miscellaneous 165 Middle Housing & Multifamily Varied Figure 20. Tukwila Affordable Housing Inventory (King County Housing Authority) Note: (*) The Southard is currently under construction and is not occupied as of the completion of this report. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 24 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Section 4 - Housing Needs Market Rate Housin, Per the King County Countywide Planning Policies, Tukwila has a 2044 housing growth target of 6,500 units above the 2006 level of 7,739 to reach a total of 14,239 units. As of 2023, Tukwila has 9,231 housing units, so 5,008 units of the target remain. To achieve this target by 2044, it will require that roughly 240 net additional units be built per year. If met, Tukwila's population would increase to approximately 36,000 residents in 2044 based on current OFM assumptions for persons per household. 16000 14000 12000 Tukwila Housing Units and 2044 Target 10000 °/ 8000 - .N 6000 4000 2000 0 l0 CO 0 N ▪ l0 CO 0 NJ ▪ l0 CO 0 N ▪ l0 CO 0 N O 0 N N N N N fvl M rn m m O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O ▪ 0 ▪ 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Year Housing Units Target Figure 21. Tukwila Housing Units and 2044 Growth Target. Source: OFM, 2023 and 2021 King County Urban Growth Center Report. As a result of the limited past progress that occurred between 2006 and 2018 in meeting the previous 2035 housing target, Tukwila has been recommended to adopt "reasonable measures" to increase growth of both housing and employment. The 2021 King County Urban Growth Capacity Report recommended the following broad measures: • Action(s) to encourage and/or incentivize residential development • Action(s) to encourage and/or incentivize non-residential development The past several years have seen a significant increase in housing production in Tukwila, however, measures to ensure continued production are still warranted. The Housing element recommends changes to residential zones to encourage development of denser multifamily and middle housing. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 25 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Collaboration with Community around Housing Needs In the interest of better understanding the housing needs for Tukwila Community members most disproportionately impacted by housing cost, City Staff emphasized multiple strategies to better reach impacted groups that may not have been as likely to participate in policy decisions. Some of these strategies included focusing more in -person outreach opportunities closer to concentrations of these populations, such as along Tukwila International Boulevard, and providing translation services and food at said events. Staff also coordinated with community groups and leaders to better reach certain communities. This included contracting with community groups such as the Somali Health Board and African Community Housing & Development, to hear their housing challenges and experiences firsthand. During the comprehensive plan update the City also signed on as a member of the Black Home Initiative. ''^c}_Burde'ied P.,..--hold- HUD uses a measurement of "cost burden" to further determine which subset of a community's residents are most in need of housing support or most at risk of displacement or housing hardship. A household is considered to be "cost -burdened" if they are spending more than 30% of monthly income on housing costs (including rent/mortgage and utilities). A "severely cost - burdened" household spends more than 50% of their monthly income on housing costs. Figure 22 shows a breakdown of Tukwila's households by tenure and cost burden status. Overall, about 41% of Tukwila's households are considered cost -burdened. Half of all renter -occupied households are considered cost -burdened, while one quarter of owner -occupied households are considered cost -burdened. As is the case nationwide, renters are significantly more at risk of economic hardship and displacement than homeowners. With rental rates increasing dramatically in recent years and income growth failing to keep up, it appears that renters are suffering the consequences in terms of cost burden. There is a clear need for more rental housing that is affordable to all income levels. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 26 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Renter Owner All Households Cost Burdened Status by Tenure 23% 50% 74% 19% 22% 59% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Households • Severely Cost Burdened • Cost Burdened ■ Not Cost Burdened Figure 22. Household Tenure by Cost Burden in the City of Tukwila, 2020. Source: HUD CHAS 2016-2020. When analyzing by race/ethnicity and by tenure, further discrepancies were revealed as shown in Figures 23, 24 and 25. White Tukwila households are far more likely to not be cost burdened compared to households of color, and particularly Black Households. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Percentage of Owner Cost Burdened by Race/Ethnicity I II II i. il White Black or African Asian Pacific Islander Other Race Hispanic or American Latino (of any race) • Cost -Burdened (30-50%) ■ Severely Cost -Burdened (>50%) • Not Cost Burdened Figure 23. Race/Ethnicity by Owner Cost Burden in the City of Tukwila, 2019. Source: HUD CHAS 2015-2019. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 27 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Percentage of Renter Cost Burden by Race/Ethnicity White 11 II I. I. .1 II Black or Asian American Pacific Islander Other Race Hispanic or African Indian or Latino (of any American Alaska Native race) • Cost -Burdened (30-50%) • Severely Cost -Burdened (>50%) • Not Cost Burdened Figure 24. Race/Ethnicity by Renter Cost Burden in the City of Tukwila, 2019. Source: HUD CHAS 2015-2019. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% All Tukwila Households by Race/Ethnicity and Cost Burden White 1 Persons of Color Hispanic or Latino (of any race) • Not Cost Burdened • Cost -Burdened (30-50%) • Severely Cost -Burdened (>50%) Figure 25. Race/Ethnicity by Cost Burden in the City of Tukwila, 2019. Source: HUD CHAS 2015-2019. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 28 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT As amended by HB 1220 in 2021, RCW 36.70A.070 requires that cities planning under the Growth Management Act (GMA) inventory and analyze projected housing needs for specific sectors of the population based on income. King County countywide planning policy H-1 establishes county level housing targets. From the targets provided to King County by the Washington Department of Commerce, King County produced city -specific targets. The targets for Tukwila are shown below. Income Band Share of Existing Households by AMI Share of Existing Unit Affordability by AMI Needed (2019-2044) Units Share of Target Units (2019- 2044) Extremely low (0-30% AMI) 23% 4% 1367* 21% Very low (30-50% AMI) 19% 26% 274 4% Low (50-80% AMI) 16% 35% 214 3% Moderate (80-100% AMI) 12% 18% 610 19% Higher (100-120% AMI) 30% 10% 692 11% High (>120% AMI) 7% 3,343 51% Figure 26. Tukwila Housing Target Allocations by Income Band. Source: King County Housing Needs Dashboard. * Includes 471 permanent supportive housing units September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 29 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 c D 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Existing Units and 2044 Growth Allocation V 0-30% 30-50% 50-80% 80-100% 100-120% >120% AM I 9. Needed Units • Existing Units Figure 27. Tukwila Existing Housing Units and 2044 Growth Allocation. Source: Existing units by income band from Housing for All Planning Tool (HAPT) by Washington State Department of Commerce, Growth Management Services. Needed units from King County Housing Needs These allocations place the bulk (51%) of housing growth in the highest income range, 120% AMI and above. This would represent a significant departure from the affordability of existing housing stock, and indicates a desire to more evenly distribute lower- and higher -income housing throughout the County. With a significant supply of relatively affordable market -rate housing already present in Tukwila, the City is already contributing significantly to countywide affordability. It is important to note that, at present, market -rate rental housing produced in Tukwila is priced for affordability, around 80 — 120% AMI, and county staff have indicated that the >120% AMI category is intended to be flexible; if newly developed units come in at more affordable levels, city growth targets will still be satisfied. Emerrpncv Housina and Emeraencv chaItp The Low Income Housing Institute (LIHI) operates a 28-unit tiny house shelter program at Miracle Temple Church of God in Christ, and a 20-unit tiny house shelter program at Riverton Park United Methodist Church. The two tiny house shelters provide shelter for approximately 35 people at Miracle Temple Church of God and 40 people at Riverton Park United Methodist Church. Per King County Planning policies and county growth allocations, Tukwila is required to demonstrate capacity for 1,242 emergency shelter beds. Gap Analysis Available Housing Units by Income Bracket While Tukwila households area spread between different incomes bands, the City's housing stock is clustered in the 50-80% AMI range. This creates a mismatch between household September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 30 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT incomes and units available, and forces many households to pay for housing they can't easily afford. Almost 90% of extremely low-income households in Tukwila are cost -burdened. In addition to cost -burdened households, some higher income households occupy housing much cheaper than what they could afford to pay. This creates the opportunity for new, market rate housing to move higher income households out of affordable units, reducing competition on more affordable older units. 3,500 3,000 2,500 in 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Household Incomes and Available Units • I • • I • I 0-30% 30-50% 50-80% 80-100% 100-120% AMI • Other Households Cost -burdened Households • Existing Units Figure 28. Household Incomes and Available Units. Source: Households and cost -burden from HUD CHAS 2016-2020. Existing units by income band from Housing for All Planning Tool (HAPT) 2022 by Washington State Department of Commerce, Growth Management Services. Permanent Supportive Housing There are very few, if any, units of permanent supportive housing available in Tukwila. Alignment of household size to housing unit size Although overall household sizes are roughly in alignment with available housing units in Tukwila, there is a significant gap when compared by tenure (renter vs owner). Renter households tend to be significantly larger than owner households in Tukwila, for instance almost twice as many four -plus -person households rent, versus own, their home. By contrast, units on the ownership market tend to be significantly larger than units available to rent. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 31 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT 3500 3000 2500 C 2000 C 1500 0 1000 500 0 1 Household Size vs. Housing Unit Size 1 Person Studio 2 People 1 BR 3 People 2 BR 4+ People 3+ BR ❑ Rental Units 0 Ownership Units • Renter Households • Owner Households Figure 29. Household Size and Housing Unit Size. Source: 2021 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B25042 and S2501. Barriers to Align Housing with Income Bracket There are several barriers to align housing with income brackets in Tukwila. Housing development below 80% AMI is extremely unlikely to occur in Tukwila as a market rate development. High land and construction costs are a barrier to adding low- and very low- income housing; a subsidy would encourage affordable housing providers to build housing that serves this income bracket. Overly restrictive residential zoning standards are also a barrier to housing development, which can be remedied with residential zoning code updates. Lastly, a reputation for long permitting timelines due to inconsistent staffing and poor coordination between departments has discouraged housing development in Tukwila. Simplifying codes, removing unnecessary political steps in the permitting process, investing in adequate staffing, and streamlining process will help remove this barrier. Racially Disparate Impacts Policy Rev Review of 2015 Comprehensive Plan Policies related to housing, displacement or exclusion found 17 polices supportive, 5 approaching support, and 14 that challenge the goals of racial inclusion. In a more holistic review of whether goals and policies address all housing needs of the community, and equitably distribute burdens and benefits, a number of necessary changes emerged, including: • Limit or remove references to exclusively single-family neighborhoods. • Increase specificity, or remove references to new development blending with existing development, whether through ambiguous references to design, neighborhood September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 32 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT character, views or overall quality. Current references do not comply with state law updates in design review and could easily be used as a vague criteria to restrict future development. • Update housing requirements associated with new housing targets and HB 1220 requirements for income levels and types of housing. • Consider disproportionate impacts based on clusters of racial, cultural, religious or socioeconomic groups, which are currently only hinted at in a few areas of the housing element. These changes were incorporated into the periodic update of housing goals and policies. Racially Disparate Impacts Staff identified at least six racially restrictive covenants that directly restricted BIPOC homeownership within the City of Tukwila2. However, this does not confirm there were not additional racially restrictive covenants that have not been documented. Informal racially restrictive practices are also likely to have taken place in the areas that are now Tukwila. Similar to much of south King County, Tukwila has historically had lower incomes and a more diverse population than the rest of the county and region. Due to this, BIPOC communities are naturally more impacted by regional and localized decisions. Areas of previously unincorporated King County subsequently annexed by Tukwila often lack alleys, grid connectivity and frontage improvements, creating lack of walkability, reducing pedestrian safety and overall neighborhood connectivity. Proximity to regional features, such as airports and a superfund site (the Lower Duwamish Waterway) also disproportionately impact health outcomes of BIPOC communities. Exclusion Regulatory and development patterns in the City's housing stock have created economic barriers to homeownership. Single-family detached houses on large lots, one of the most expensive housing products, are the only housing type allowed in a significant area of the City. Rapidly rising single-family home prices — up more than 50% over the last five years - has further separated the average Tukwila household from potential homeownership within the City. Limited housing availability raises prices on available homes, increasing cost burdens for lower income households. Since renters are disproportionately people of color, housing instability for the City's BIPOC population is further exacerbated as rent increases occur. Displacement Risk Consistent with staff understanding, census tracts, and block groups along Tukwila International Boulevard were identified as most vulnerable to displacement due to a combination of a high proportion of renters, cost -burdened households, lower income households, a proportion of high foreign -born residents, lower educational achievement levels and a lower rate of English proficiency. From these criteria, staff identified the three block groups shown in Figure 30 below as the most susceptible to displacement. Data used to identify block groups most susceptible to displacement can be found in Figure 31. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 33 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Priority Block Groups in Tukwila Figure 30. Priority Block Groups of Highest Displacement Risk Data Source, ACS Table Total Persons Block Group 2, Block Group 2, Census Tract Census Tract 272 273 1,104 867 Block Group 3, Census Tract 282 Total Households 546 402 307 English Limited Households C16002 26% 54% 13% No Vehicle Access B25045 9% 15% 11% % in Poverty B17101 25% 29% 45% % Foreign Born B99051 49% 77% 47% Non -White B02001 73% 88% 75% September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 34 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Data Source, ACS Table Block Group 2, Census Tract 272 Block Group 2, Census Tract 273 Block Group 3, Census Tract 282 Educational Attainment S1501 Less than HS Diploma S1501 HS Diploma or some S1501 college, no degree Associate's Degree S1501 Bachelor's Degree S1501 Master's or Professional S1501 Degree Overcrowded B25014 Severely Overcrowded B25015 Figure 31. Displacement Risk Data 22% 47% 60% 26% 13% 3% 11% 11% 7% 0% 10% 59% 1% 39% 26% 56% 5% 7% 6% 8% 0% Restorative Actions To begin to correct racially disparate impacts on housing brought by past housing discrimination, staff has identified focus areas for restorative actions the City can influence in its housing policy. While it is difficult to pair specific City actions to racially disparate impacts on housing in Tukwila due to the City's relatively small geography, amount of post-1968 annexations, and lack of strong documentation of formalized housing discrimination with its boundaries, this does not prevent the City from taking actions that can benefit the BIPOC population that currently reside in Tukwila, will reside in the City within the planning period, or the broader regional BIPOC population. General areas of focus, further outlined in individual Housing Policies and Implementation Strategies, include: • Amending standards to encourage production of more owner -occupied housing at lower entry points to capitalize on home ownership covenant funds for qualifying buyers to purchase property in Tukwila. • Preservation of naturally occurring affordable housing through transition to income - restricted housing or other methods. • Increasing supply of income restricted housing. Section 5 - Land Capacity Analysis Land Capacity Analysis The 2021 King County Buildable Lands Report found that Tukwila had capacity for 5,577 units, with projected pipeline development of 2,642 units. The remaining 2044 target of 5,008 units can be accommodated within existing land based on current zoning, before even taking into September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 35 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT account pipeline development. The 2021 King County Urban Growth Capacity Report recommended additional reasonable measure actions be taken to increase housing production, due to historic underproduction of housing. Zone Net Acres Gross Capacity (units) Existing Units Net Capacity (units) LDR 284.1 1449 592 857 MDR 12.8 186 25 161 HDR 10.7 267 27 210 MUO 3.1 45 3 42 RC 28.6 485 3 482 RCC 0.7 8 0 8 NCC 13.4 375 16 358 TUC (all) 126.6 2,714 0 2,714 TVS 50.3 745 0 745 TOTAL 659.6 6,243 666 5,577 Figure 32. Tukwila Housing Capacity Source: Tukwila 2021 Buildable Lands Report documentation and Capacity & Subsidized Housing Near Transit Due to the significant number of transit routes and stations within the City, much of Tukwila's residential zoned land capacity is within half a mile of at least one high -capacity transit stop. With the exception of portions of the currently LDR zoned properties, and TVS zoned properties, which are currently undeveloped and anticipate greater transit service with development, most all of the capacity within Figure 32 is within a half mile buffer of a high -capacity transit stop, as shown in Figure 33. Of the existing subsidized housing in Tukwila about 650 units, or nearly all of the existing income -restricted housing stock, is within half a mile of a least one high -capacity transit stop. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 36 1V City of Tukwila or . Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Tukwila Transit Stop Frequency Transit Proximity Major Transit, 1/4mile Major Transit. 1/2 mile /// Bus 4/h route: 1/4 mile Bus 4/h combo', 1/4rnilc Bus 2/h combo: 1/4mile Transit Stops O Rapid Ride Stop o Bus Stop Link Station ---- Link Light Rail P Sounder Station Bus Routes — 124 128 — 150 — 156 — 599 — 906 — p - F C2, City Limit, Figure 33. Proximity to Transit Map ",and Capacity by AMI Level Without subsidy or forms of income -restriction, significant new housing development is very unlikely to develop at or below 80% AMI in the Tukwila Market, as either rental or ownership housing products. The City will commit to new policies and strategies to enable greater housing production at 0-80% AMI. Policy and strategy areas intended to enable greater affordable housing production include but are not limited to: September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 37 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT • Increasing density and height allowances, especially in areas within proximity to transit and within LIHTC qualified census tracts • Combining LDR and MDR zoned land into single comprehensive plan designation and eventual zone to support middle housing updates • Adopting expanded ADU allowances consistent with HB 1337 over a year and a half ahead of legislative deadline • Density incentives for affordable housing units • Reducing restrictive development requirements, including height allowances, massing and parking requirements • Partnering with nonprofits and developers on income restricted housing development • Streamlining development and design review processes, and eliminating unnecessary review processes • Exploring further fee reductions for affordable housing projects It is acknowledged that achieving market rate housing production at or below 80% AMI is unlikely for the foreseeable future. There is also a lack of funding available at the regional and federal level for affordable housing development that will be vital in producing deeply affordable housing. However, policies and implementation strategies described can support greater housing affordability than the status quo scenario. Zone Net Capacity (units) New Market Rate Housing Types Expected Expected Prevailing Market Rate AMI Level for New Housing Assumed affordability level for capacity analysis LDR 857 Single -Family and Middle Housing 120%+ 120%+ MDR 161 Middle Housing 120%+ 120%+ HDR 210 Middle Housing, Low-rise Apartments 80%+ 0-80% & 100-120% MUO 42 Low-rise and Mid -rise Apartments 80%+ 0-80% RC 482 Mid -rise Apartments 80%+ 0-80% RCC 8 Middle Housing 80%+ 100%+ NCC 358 Mid -rise Apartments 80%+ 0-80% TUC (all) 2,714 Mid -rise Apartments and Hush Rise 80%+ 0-120% TVS 745 Mid -rise Apartments 80%+ 0-80% Figure 34. Market Rate Housing Types Expected by Zoning District As displayed in Figure 34, all residential and mixed use zoning districts currently allow at least middle housing types, or will do so after middle housing requirements are adopted in the case September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 38 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT of the Low Density Residential (LDR) zone. The City has already adopted accessory dwelling unit allowances consistent with HB 1337, across all residential zones. With the implementation of aforementioned strategies greater variety of housing production is expected to increase capacity for additional housing production at lower AMI levels. However, significant challenges exist especially in producing housing at and below 50% AMI. As referenced in Figure 2, only select census tracts within the City qualify for projects financed using the low income tax credit (LIHTC). As the prevailing catalyst for extremely low income and very low income new housing development, this lack of LIHTC eligibility in the TUC and TVS zones greatly reduces the likelihood of producing 0-50% AMI new housing across the Southern portion of the City, which currently hold the majority of perceived housing capacity, without significant alternative subsidy. Strategies such as affordable housing density bonuses and fee reductions will be considered to attempt to further facilitate deeply affordable development outside of LIHTC eligible census tracts. Using guidance provided by the Department of Commerce for housing types and income levels served in higher -cost communities was used to create capacity by AMI seen in Figure 35, while Figure 36 provides an provides an estimation of capacity for housing development at different AMI ranges with staff observations and assumptions based on market conditions integrated. Key assumptions integrated into the assessment of AMI capacity include: • Only a very small subset of studio units are expected to be produced at or below 80% AMI. All other market rate development is expected to be produced above 80% AMI. • Projects utilizing the twelve year multifamily tax exemption will produce some units within the 50-80% AMI range. • Due to the TUC and TVS zoned parcels not existing within LIHTC qualified Census Tracts, little to no housing unit production between 0-50% AMI in these zones. Zoning 0-30% PSH Units by AMI Capacity (Commerce Guidance) 0-30% 30-50% 50-80% 80-100% non-PSH 100-120% 120+% LDR 0 0 0 0 0 0 856 MDR 0 0 0 0 0 0 161 HDR 16 37 26 26 0 53 52 MUO 6 15 10 11 0 0 0 RC 72 169 120 121 0 0 0 RCC 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 NCC 54 126 90 89 0 0 0 TUC (all) 204 475 339 339 679 678 0 TVS 112 261 186 186 0 0 0 Total Unit Capacity 464 1,083 771 772 679 735 1,073 Figure 35. Housing Capacity by AMI Range by Commerce Guidance September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 39 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Zoning Units by AMI Capacity with (Market Conditions) 0-30% 0-30% 30-50% 50-80% 80-100% PSH non-PSH 100-120% 120+% LDR 0 0 0 0 86 86 685 MDR 0 0 0 0 0 32 129 HDR 15 15 0 0 60 60 60 MUO 0 0 0 0 4 38 0 RC 70 120 51 24 0 157 60 RCC 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 NCC 45 45 90 0 0 179 0 TUC (all) 271 0 0 136 541 810 948 TVS 74 0 0 75 112 210 274 Total Unit Capacity 475 223 141 235 760 1,572 2,164 Figure 36. Housing Capacity by AM! Range with anticipated market conditions Emergency Housing Currently the City lacks adequate capacity to accommodate its target of emergency shelter and emergency housing space for 1,242 persons. Currently, regulations prohibit emergency facilities housing greater than 45 individuals per site, and place a restriction on non -religiously affiliated facilities operating within half a mile of another emergency housing facility. It is estimated that Tukwila's current capacity is 300-400 beds. Policies and associated implementation strategies in the Housing Element will rectify the gap in capacity. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 40 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Figure 37. Half mile buffer from existing religious facilities Development Since 2019 Between 2019 and 2022 according to the Office of Financial Management, a total of 1,248 units were added to the housing supply. Notably, this includes the Tukwila Village mixed -use development, the high-rise Interurban Hotel building, and the Mariblu at Southcenter podium building totaling 941 units between those developments. Single Family Detached Units 94 Accessory Dwelling Units 8 Townhouse Units 13 Multifamily Units 1,167 Units Demolished 34 Net New Units 1,248 Figure 38. Tukwila housing development 2019-2022. Source: OFM, 2022 The substantial residential development experienced from 2019 to present is not accounted for in the King County Urban Growth Capacity Report or associated targets set for Tukwila. Below is an update of housing targets integrating recent residential development into housing allocation targets by AMI. September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 41 1V City of Tukwila or. Comprehensive Plan DRAFT Income band Target Units (2019-2044) Share of Target Units (2019-2044) Net New Units (2019-2022) Target Units (2023-2044) Share of Target Units (2023-2044) Extremely low (0-30% AMI)* 1367 21% 0 1367 25% Very low (30- 50% AMI) 274 4% 120 154 3% Low (50-80% AMI) 214 3% 372 -158 0% Moderate (80- 100% AMI) 610 19% 76 534 10% Higher (100- 120% AMI) 692 11% 385 307 6% High (>120% AMI) 3,343 51% 332 3011 56/° ° Figure 39. Updated Tukwila Housing Target Allocations by Income Band. Source: King County Housing Needs Dashboard, rental listings. * Includes 471 permanent supportive housing units Figure 39 displays the final estimated capacity by AMI range with recent housing development incorporated. Policies and implementation strategies seen in the housing element will work to address the capacity deficit seen within the 0-30% AMI non-PSH and 0-50% AMI housing targets. AMI Range 0-30% PSH 0-30% non-PSH 30-50% 50-80% 80-100% 100-120% 120+% Total Unit Capacity 464 1083 771 772 679 735 1073 Development 2019-2022 0 0 120 372 76 385 332 Growth Targets 471 896 274 214 610 692 3343 Capacity beyond growth targets -7 187 617 930 145 428 -1,938 Figure 40. Tukwila AMI Capacity & Targets including Recent Development 1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Subject Definitions. 2 Racial Restrictive Covenants - Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project (washington.edu) September 2024 Housing Background Report Page 42 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT CITY OF TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER BACKGROUND REPORT 2024 GROWTH MANAGEMENT ACT UPDATE TO THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Planning Commission Draft September 2024 DRAFT Page 1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT Table of Contents I INTRODUCTION 3 II CRITICAL AREAS 3 Growth Management Act Requirements 3 State and Federal Regulations and Guidance for Wetlands 4 King County Planning Policies 5 III ENDANGERED SPECIES AND PRIORITY HABITATS 5 IV FLOOD MANAGEMENT 6 V WATER QUALITY 6 VI AIR QUALITY 8 VII TREES/URBAN FORESTRY REGULATIONS 8 Page 2 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT I INTRODUCTION This background report for the Natural Environment Element provides a summary of the key regulatory provisions and policies that apply to the management of the natural environment and expands on the discussion of water quality in the Green/Duwamish River, and Tukwila's streams and wetlands. II ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREAS This Section describes the various regulations and policies that are applicable to critical areas management. Growth Management Act Requirements The Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) requires counties and cities to designate and adopt policies and development regulations to protect critical areas. Under the Act, critical areas are defined as: wetlands; fish and wildlife habitat; aquifer recharge areas (where groundwater is used for potable water supply); frequently flooded areas; and geologically hazardous areas. The application of best available science (BAS) must be considered in adopting regulations to protect the functions of critical areas, giving special consideration to conservation or protection measures necessary to preserve or enhance anadromous fisheries. The Natural Environment Chapter provides the policy direction for the City's Critical Areas Regulations, originally adopted in June1991 and amended in 2004, 2010, and 2020. It also provides the basis for the critical areas regulations that form part of the Shoreline Master Program. Tukwila's critical areas regulations are designed to protect wetlands, watercourses, and fish and wildlife habitat areas from impacts, and to require mitigation sequencing for proposed impacts, beginning avoidance. While it is the primary responsibility of property owners to declare Critical Areas, the approximate locations and classifications of these critical areas have been denoted in iMap, and are updated as information is obtained and City resources allow for site assessments. Under all of the Critical Areas regulations, Tukwila's wetlands have been defined using the State definition [RCW 36.70A.030(48)] and Tukwila's watercourse classifications are consistent with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR)'s stream typing system. Tukwila has designated and protected several fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas — including Tukwila Pond and several restored habitat areas on the Duwamish River (designated under the Shoreline Master Program). The designated fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas are publicly owned and managed and those in the shoreline jurisdiction have been especially developed for salmonid rearing and resting habitat. Tukwila's critical areas regulations also define and map geologically hazardous areas and coal mine hazard areas and require geotechnical evaluations and corresponding design requirements to reduce risks created by development in such areas. Page 3 1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT Watercourses and wetlands form part of the City's surface water drainage system and provide important flood storage and conveyance functions and are therefore protected under the Critical Area regulations. However, flood management issues on the Green/Duwamish River are dealt with under different regulations and procedures (as described in Section IV). Frequently flooded areas associated with streams are dealt with through the City's Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan and individual basin plans, which identify problem flooding areas and prioritize action for managing them. Tukwila does not have aquifers that are used for water supply, therefore, this type of GMA critical area, is not addressed in this Element. The Growth Management Act also requires the protection of resource lands - those lands that have "long- term commercial significance" for agriculture, fisheries, timber production and mineral extraction. Since Tukwila does not have lands used by resource -based industries, goals and policies for these types of lands are intentionally absent from this chapter. Any areas of the City that may have been in agricultural use in the past have all been designated for future urban uses. The Growth Management Act allows the use of non -regulatory measures to protect or enhance the functions and values of critical areas. These may include public education, stewardship programs, pursuing grant opportunities, joint planning with other jurisdictions and non-profit organizations, and stream and wetland restoration activities. Tukwila has been employing all of these measures and the updated Chapter contains goals and policies addressing them. State and Federal Regulations and Guidance for Wetlands Most wetlands and watercourses are regulated under the federal Clean Water Act, and both the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) have regulations related to their management. Permits for filling or dredging "waters of the US" are required by the Corps of Engineers and EPA and the Washington Department of Ecology (Section 401 of the Clean Water Act) have review authority over permits and can require additional conditions on the permit. Mitigation sequencing and compensatory mitigation is required for impacts in order to achieve no net loss of ecological function. In 2021 the Department of Ecology, Corps and EPA published Guidance on Wetland Mitigation in Washington State, based on BAS, to guide local jurisdictions' decisions on wetland management and mitigation. The Tukwila's Critical Areas Ordinance was updated in 2020, and includes language that adopts Ecology -approved amendments to this guidance. One of the key modifications in Tukwila's regulations was the adoption of state and federal methods used to classify wetlands, which are based on wetland functions. Another key modification was the adoption of mitigation ratios consistent with the guidance, which vary based on the classification of the wetlands and the type of mitigation proposed, requiring a greater amount of mitigation for impacts to higher functioning wetlands. Monitoring and maintenance periods for installed mitigation were also increased to better ensure its success. In May of 2010, the US Army Corps of Engineers issued a regional supplement to its Wetlands Delineation Manual, which modified the delineation process. Tukwila's Critical Areas regulations require use of these federal requirements for wetland delineations. The following section is being updated Off -site mitigation is non -preferred by the City, as adopted goals prioritize preservation of the unique ecological site functions performed by wetlands in Tukwila. Off -site mitigation is only a last resort, with priority for mitigation in the same drainage basin as the proposed impacts, or as most recently codified Page 4 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT by TMC 18.45 Environmentally Critical Areas. King County County -wide Planning Policies The update of this chapter is consistent with the King County Countywide Planning Policies related to critical areas. The County policies state that local governments should incorporate environmental protection and restoration efforts into their comprehensive plans to ensure that the quality of the natural environment and its contributions to human health and vitality are sustained now and for future generations. In addition, local governments should coordinate approaches and standards for defining and protecting critical areas, especially where such areas and impacts to them cross jurisdictional boundaries. Also, the County encourages basin -wide approaches to wetland protection, emphasizing preservation and enhancement of the highest quality wetlands and wetland systems. In 2021, the Countywide Planning Policies were expanded to issues of Climate Change, equity of access to outdoor amenities, environmental pollution, and environmental justice. These priorities have been integrated into the Plan goals and policies. Tukwila's Critical Areas regulations are consistent with state and federal guidance, which favor preservation of the highest quality wetlands. Tukwila's regulations also allow for a watershed approach to wetland mitigation. The City has designated several publicly -owned wetland systems where mitigation projects could increase wetland functions. This Chapter also contains policies for exploring use of or establishment of in -lieu -fee programs for wetland mitigation. III ENDANGERED SPECIES AND PRIORITY HABITATS The Federal government regulates endangered, threatened and sensitive wildlife species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Federal agencies involved in implementing the Act are the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFS). Marine mammals are also protected under the Marine Mammal Act. Tukwila is considering membership in the ESA 4(d) rule group known as the Regional Road Maintenance Program. The Growth Management Act requires that the Comprehensive Plan contain policies guiding decisions related to anadromous fisheries or fish and wildlife listed under the federal ESA. In Tukwila, Chinook Salmon and Bull Trout in the Green/Duwamish River have been listed as threatened under the ESA. Tukwila's Shoreline Master Program contains specific policies and regulations to protect these species and ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological function. In addition, the Master Program includes a plan to prioritize and direct restoration activities to promote ecological function and restore habitat for salmon and other fish and wildlife along the river. Tukwila is a party to the Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9 Salmon Habitat Enhancement Plan, along with King County and other local jurisdictions in the watershed. This plan identifies programs and restoration projects to foster recovery of Chinook salmon, which will also benefit bull trout and other fish. Tukwila is actively supporting restoration activities under both this plan and the restoration plan adopted as part of the Shoreline Master Program. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) identifies priority species (which include all listed species under the ESA, as well as species of state significance) and maps their habitats, to provide Page 5 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT guidance to local jurisdictions in considering the impacts of proposed development and in protecting them. WDFW also regulates any work in rivers or streams that requires a Hydraulics Permit Authorization (HPA) and mitigation/restoration to reduce the impacts of the work. New policies have been incorporated into the Natural Environment Chapter to ensure that all new developments consider potential impacts to fish and wildlife, identify if there are priority species, and aim for state and federal requirements to be met. WDFW Priority Habitats, along with Tribal input, should be considered when making land -use decisions such as allowing impacts, rezones, etc. IV FLOOD MANAGEMENT Flood control is regulated and managed by several levels of government: • The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) maps flood plains and operates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). In Tukwila, which is an NFIP participating community, this program covers the urban center, part of Tukwila South, a small area just north of Strander and Fort Dent Park. • The US Army Corps of Engineers permits, certifies and in some cases operates federally - constructed levees for flood control. Tukwila has a federally certified levee on the left bank of the Green River between SR-405 and South 190th • The King County Flood Control District is a special purpose government charged with funding, policy development and construction projects to improve flood control structures throughout the County. Tukwila has an interlocal agreement with the Flood Control District for levee maintenance services. Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan includes goals, policies and implementation strategies that are consistent with King County's policies related to flood management: • The City has responsibility for localized flooding from streams. Flood control projects are identified and prioritized in its Comprehensive Surface Water Plan and individual stream basin plans. Page 6 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT V WATER QUALITY The Washington Department of Ecology regulates municipal storm sewer systems under both the State Waste Discharge Law (RCW 90.48) and the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Municipal Stormwater Permit Phase II for Western Washington. Tukwila regularly reviews and updates its surface water regulations to implement the requirements of the municipal permit, which renews every 5 years. Key features of the new regulations will include requirements to continue to prefer Low Impact Development techniques for managing urban surface water run-off from new development, utilizing best management practices for Operations and Maintenance of all lands owned including turf and landscaped areas, and Business Source Control inspections amongst dozens of other requirements. The King County County -wide Planning Policies specify establishment of a multi -jurisdictional approach for funding and monitoring water quality, quantity, biological conditions, and outcome measures and for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of monitoring efforts. The Policies also seek to have all jurisdictions collaborate to implement the Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan, under the management of the Puget Sound Partnership, to restore and protect the biological health and diversity of the Puget Sound basin. The Puget Sound Partnership was created by the Washington State Legislature as the state agency with the responsibility for assuring the preservation and recovery of Puget Sound and the freshwater systems flowing into the Sound. There are two strategic initiatives in the Puget Sound Partnership's 2022-2026 Action Agenda that apply to Tukwila: 1) prevent pollution from urban stormwater runoff; and 2) protect and restore habitat along rivers and streams. The City participates in the Surface Water Action Monitoring program regionally. Some water quality monitoring has been done in the past on the Green/Duwamish River and King County has a current monitoring program with a station at Fort Dent in Tukwila. The river is considered by regulatory agencies to be impaired for water quality for several contaminants: dissolved oxygen (too low to support fish in some areas), temperature (too high in much of the Lower Green and upper Duwamish to support salmonids) and fecal coliform in some areas. The 2022 Tukwila Pond Park Master Plan indicates that the City conducted water quality studies in 1995, 2008, and most recently in 2011. The pond suffers from high levels of phosphorus, high water temperatures and low levels of dissolved oxygen, much of it related to its long history as a cattle producing pastureland and some from stormwater runoff that flows into the pond, natural inputs of phosphorous (decayed vegetation and waterfowl feces) and the shallowness of the pond. These factors work together to produce unsightly algae blooms in the late summer months. Some potentially toxic blue- green algae blooms have been observed. Some periodic water quality monitoring has been done in Tukwila's streams. Past monitoring in Gilliam Creek showed elevated turbidity during storm events and high levels of copper and zinc. Riverton Creek has exhibited high levels of fecal coliform bacteria, phosphorus, turbidity, total suspended solids, and copper. High turbidity and fecal coliform have also been measured in Southgate Creek. High phosphorus and fecal coliform were also measured in Johnson Creek, possibly due to the agricultural activities in the vicinity at the time the water samples were collected. This Comprehensive Plan is consistent with the strategies of the Countywide policies and the Puget Sound Action Agenda, as it contains goals, policies, and implementation strategies for improving surface Page 7 II NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT water quality, monitoring water quality and restoring riparian habitat. In addition, the 2020 update of Tukwila's Critical Areas regulations strengthened requirements for protecting and restoring watercourses and their buffers. The Shoreline Chapter also has policies for no net loss of shoreline ecological functions and restoration of riparian habitat on the Green/Duwamish River. VI AIR QUALITY The Puget Sound Clean Air Agency regulates emissions and monitors air quality in King and other Puget Sound counties. This agency focuses its efforts on reducing air pollutants that pose the greatest health risks to our region — which include criteria air pollutants, air toxics and greenhouse gases. It requires permits from businesses with regulated air emissions and from construction projects, and regulates open burning and burning in fireplaces and wood stoves. Emissions from vehicles are monitored and controlled by the State Department of Ecology. The agency also has growth management policies for promoting clean air that relate to promoting development policies that improve air quality and address climate change. King County also has several county -wide policies related to air quality and climate change including policies for reducing green -house gases, directing development to existing urban centers and facilitating modes of transportation other than single -occupancy vehicles. In addition, policies address the need for including environmental justice considerations in land use decisions. Tukwila, along with all other communities in the region, has experienced the impacts of climate change in the form of reduced air quality from wildfires. Such events have created air quality concerns as harmful chemicals and tiny particles suspended in the air create health issues for the public, especially active children and adults, elderly people, and people with respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma). During these periods of smoke exposure, the City follows the guidance of regional, state, and national health, emergency management, and air quality partners in providing public education and community response options. Tukwila benefits from the significant transportation corridors within the City that support commerce, however those corridors and their associated uses can have an impact on the community health. Major roads extending through the City include Washington 599, and Washington 518, as well as Interstates 5 and 405. A study completed by the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency (PSCAA) documented air quality in proximity to major roadways by placing measuring stations throughout King, Pierce, Snohomish, and Kitsap counties. That analysis identified the "Tukwila/Allentown" area being the most -impacted of the "Highly Impacted Communities", and the "Tukwila/Kent" region being third worst. Much of this impact comes from diesel pollution, as well as industrial source pollution. Page 8 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT HIGHLY IMPACTED COMMUNITIES Rank Score Community 1 20,7 Tukwila/Allentown 2 19,5 South Tacoma 3 19.3 Tukwila/Kent (Midway) 4 19.0 Tacoma South End 5 18.7 Greater Duwamish 6 18.5* Algona/Auburn 5 18,5* Des Moines 6 18.5* International District 6 18.5* SeaTac 10 18.3 South Everett 11 18.2 Southeast Seattle 12 17.7* Parkland 12 17.7* Kent 12 17.7* Central District 15 16.8 Downtown Everett 16 16.1* Lynnwood 16 16.3* Northgate Source: Park, Tania Tam, Puget Sound Clean Air Agency, "Highly Impacted Communities: PS Ckean Air Committee Recommendations", September 14, 2014. The City has a role in improving air quality through the environmental review process for new development projects. It also manages a commute trip reduction program for businesses, which indirectly contributes to improving air quality by reducing the number of vehicle trips. Further, the City can implement energy efficiency strategies in its buildings and City vehicles. These air -quality and climate change issues are addressed in the transportation, land use, and utilities chapters of the Comprehensive Plan. VII TREES/URBAN FORESTRY REGULATIONS In 2008 the State Legislature passed the Evergreen Communities Act, which requires that local jurisdictions develop urban forestry management programs in order to be eligible for state funding and provides technical assistance to local communities in developing and implementing the plans. The Act is not currently in force, because no funding was appropriated to carry it out, however the requirements may be enforced in the future. The Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR), through its Urban Forestry Program, provides education, technical assistance and some funding to local jurisdictions for urban forestry management. Funding supports such efforts as tree inventories, urban canopy studies, urban forestry plans, and on -the - ground projects. If the Evergreen Communities Act were implemented in the future, DNR would have an important technical role in assisting communities in complying with its requirements. Planning and management of the urban forest in Tukwila is a shared responsibility between the Department of Community Development (tree removal permits, critical areas protection, shoreline Page 9 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ELEMENT REGULATORY BACKGROUND REPORT vegetation protection and restoration), Parks and Recreation (trees and natural areas in parks), Public Works (trees and natural areas on public rights -of -way and public property), and property owners (trees natural areas on private property). Tukwila has been a "Tree City, USA", certified by the National Arbor Day Foundation, since 2002 and has tree protection and replacement regulations for all properties, including critical areas and the Green/Duwamish River shoreline. Tukwila's landscape code also requires tree planting and retention for most new development. New goals and policies are included in the Natural Environment Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan to formalize and augment Tukwila's current tree management efforts. Page 10 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT CITY OF TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE BACKGROUND REPORT 2024 GROWTH MANAGEMENT ACT UPDATE TO THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.... I. INTEGRATION WITH OTHER PLANNING EFFORTS III EXISTING SYSTEM AND KEY ISSUES IV FUTURE NEEDS V APPENDIX. 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The State of Washington's Growth Management Act (GMA) provides comprehensive guidance for land use, development, and public participation throughout the state, including goals specifically for parks and recreation. Listed among the State's 14 growth management goals, the goal for open space and recreation is to: "Retain open space, enhance recreational opportunities, conserve fish and wildlife habitat, increase access to natural resource lands and water, and develop parks and recreation facilities." A parks and recreation element remains officially optional in GMA comprehensive plans, since the State of Washington did not provide the funding necessary to assist communities in developing the elements at when it was listed in GMA. However, the GMA acknowledges the significance of parks, recreation, and open space and that it is important to plan for these systems. Tukwila recognizes the importance of parks, recreation, and open space opportunities to the overall well- being of the community, and has chosen to prepare a parks, recreation, and open space element for its Comprehensive Plan. Per the GMA, a jurisdiction's parks and recreation Comprehensive Plan element shall be consistent with the City's capital facilities plan. This element shall include: • Goals and policies to guide decisions regarding facilities; • Estimates of park and recreation demand for at least a ten-year period; • An evaluation of facilities and service needs; and • An evaluation of intergovernmental coordination opportunities to provide regional approaches for meeting park and recreation demand. The Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element Background Report supports the state-wide goal and follows related guidance found in the Puget Sound Regional Councils (PSRC) Multi -County Planning Policies, King County's Countywide Planning Policies and other elements of Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan. This Report summarizes conditions facing the existing parks, recreation and open space system. It includes a description of relevant planning policies, the City's park system and a summary of key issues identified through an analysis of the existing system and feedback from the public. Together, this information forms the basis for parks, recreation and open space planning in the Comprehensive Plan's Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element. The Background Report and Comprehensive Plan Element are largely based on community discussions that occurred during Tukwila's Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan, adopted February 2014 and updated in 2020. The PROS Plan included opportunities for public engagement throughout the planning and update process. This process and its creative forms of discussion encouraged involvement from a wide cross section of the city. These activities reached specific audiences, targeted and broad, and collected ideas from both involved citizens, and those who have been outside of past planning efforts. 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT II INTEGRATION WITH OTHER PLANNINGEFFORTS This Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element supports other related planning efforts including the State's GMA, Vision 2050, King County Countywide Planning Policies and Tukwila's Capital Facilities Element. The Growth Management Act also requires the protection of resource lands - those lands that have "long- term commercial significance" for agriculture, fisheries, timber production and mineral extraction. Since Tukwila does not have lands used by resource -based industries, goals and policies for these types of lands are intentionally absent from this chapter. Although agricultural activity was historically practiced in the Tukwila South area, the area is being developed for urban uses, and agricultural activity has ceased. The Growth Management Act allows the use of non -regulatory measures to protect or enhance functions and values of critical areas. These may include public education, stewardship programs, pursuing grant opportunities, joint planning with other jurisdictions and non-profit organizations, and stream and wetland restoration activities. Tukwila has been employing all of these measures and the updated Chapter contains goals and policies addressing them. Growth Management Act The Growth Management Act (GMA) requires parks and open space Comprehensive Plan elements to include estimates of park and recreation demand for at least a ten-year period based on adopted levels of service and population growth. Tukwila's Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan, isthe primary background source for the Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) element of the Comprehensive Plan. By adopting the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan (PROS) Plan, the City assesses recreation demand through an analysis of access to park sites amenities and services throughout the system. Those areas that lack access to the specified facility or feature within the desired distance are considered to have a gap in service. This analysis is based on a typical walking or biking distance to reach parks, generally a 1/4 to 1/2-mile distance or a five to ten minute travel time. Vision 2050 (Multi -County Planning Policies) and King County County -wide Planning Policies Vision 2050 (Multi -County Planning Policies) articulates the growth strategy forthe Puget Sound region. This direction is reflected in King County's Countywide Planning Policies which, in turn, frame how the comprehensive plans of the County, and all cities and towns within the County, will be developed and coordinated. Policies related to parks, recreation and open space are presented below and inform the overall direction of the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element. Open Space EN-20 Identify and preserve regionally significant open space networks in both Urban and Rural Areas through implementation of the Regional Open Space Conservation Plan. Develop strategies and funding to protect lands that provide the following valuable functions: • Ecosystem linkages and migratory corridors crossing jurisdictional boundaries; • Physical or visual separation delineating growth boundaries or providing buffers between incompatible uses; • Active and passive outdoor recreation opportunities; • Wildlife habitat and migration corridors that preserve and enhance ecosystem resiliency in the face of urbanization and climate change; • Preservation of ecologically sensitive, scenic, or cultural resources; • Urban green space, habitats, and ecosystems; 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT • Forest resources; and • Food production potential. EN-21 Preserve and restore native vegetation and tree canopy, especially where it protects habitat and contributes to overall ecological function. EN-22 Provide parks, trails, and open space within walking distance of urban residents. Prioritize historically underserved communities for open space improvements and investments. DP-43 Create and protect systems of green infrastructure, such as urban forests, parks, green roofs, and natural drainage systems, in order to reduce climate -altering pollution and increase resilience of communities to climate change impacts. Prioritize neighborhoods with historical underinvestment in green infrastructure. Capital Facilities Element A major concept of the GMA and capital facilities planning is concurrency i.e. that specific public facilities will be available when the impacts of development occur, or within ten years of development. This is achieved through standards and fees. Capital facilities for parks are reviewed, prioritized and funded through the City's regular Capital Improvement Program (CIP) process. The capital facilities policies that are addressed in the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element include: • The design of infrastructure improvements shall include conservation of resources, such as water reuse and energy -efficient electric fixtures. • Minimizing the costs of maintaining, operating and other life cycle costs shall be used as a criterion in the design and funding of any capital facility. • The design and construction of capital projects shall: o Use best practices for a crime free environment; o Create high quality built places; o Have a strong landscape component; o Maximize environmental and economic benefits; o Minimize environmental costs; and o Promote public health by providing opportunities for safe and convenient daily physical activity. III Existing System and Key Issues Tukwila has three different types of park land as well as several new sites added to the system since the 2014 PROS Plan. In total, there are 260.7 acres of parks and open space. Appendix X provides a complete inventory of parks and recreation facilities. Figure 1 shows existing parks and open spaces, as well as existing trails. There are 10 developed local parks totaling 47.7 acres. These parks are mostly located in residential areas and range in size from 0.1 acres (Riverton Mini Park) to 10+ acres and provide places to play, gather, and/or experience nature (Table 1). 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Table 1: Local Parks Local Parks Acres 57th Ave South Park 0.4 Cascade 1rewCornmunity Park 2.4 Crestview Park 10,9 Crystal Springs Park 11.0 Duwarr ish Park 2.1 Hazelnut Park 0.6 Joseph Foster Memorial/Lee Philos Park 8.9 Riverton Mini Park 0.1 Riverton Park 4.9 Tukwila Park 6.4 Total Local Parks 47.7 Special Use Parks have a single purpose such as the golf course at Foster Golf Links,or feature a unique facility or feature that is intended for the entire community, such as Codiga Park or Duwamish Hill Preserve. There are 11 Special Use Parks totaling 182.4 acres. Some sites are owned or operated by other providers such as the school districts. Table 2: Special Use Parks Special Use Parks Acres Bicentennial Park 1.3 Codiga Park 8.7 Duwarnish Gardens 2.2 Duwamish Hill Preserve 8.7 Fort Dent Park (Starfire Sports Corn plex} 51.3 Foster Golf Links 63.3 Ikawa Park (Japanese Garden) 0.2 Macadam Winter Garden & Wetlands 9.9 Tukwila Community Center 12.7 Tukwila Pond Park 24.8 Tukwila Pool 1.3 Total Special Use Parks 182.4 Tukwila has several small undeveloped parcels, and open space sites of various sizes totaling 30.6 acres that are intended for natural green space preservation, habitat restoration or protection, or similar purpose. For sites that are publicly accessible, open spaces typically allow for nature -based activities and low impact uses such as walking/hiking and wildlife watching. The City is also responsible for maintaining the grounds of four fire station properties totaling approximately six acres. Table 3: Open Space Open Space Acres Black River Lot 0.3 Christensen Road Property/Riverview Plaza Riverfront 3.0 Interurban Hill Lot 1.7 Lookout Part 0.2 North Wind's Weir 2.6 P-17 Pond 3.6 Siccardi Parcel 0.9 Southgate Park 10.9 TIB Parcel 0.9 Tukwila Hill 1.8 Tukwila Parkway 1.0 Wilcox DdvefPamela Drive Open Space 0.7 Total Open Space 30.6 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT The City currently partners with several neighboring jurisdictions, as well as public and private agencies locally and throughout the region to provide recreation opportunities for Tukwila residents. Trails, schools and recreation sites owned by other providers are part of the system and add to the number of resources available to Tukwila residents, businesses and visitors. Some features such as the Interurban Trail are a regional resource and require collaboration with King County and neighboring jurisdictions. These partnerships are critical to meeting the goals and policies of the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element. Key Issues Several issues will impact Tukwila's park, recreation and open space system over the twenty year planning horizon. Diverse Community with Changing Needs. Tukwila's population is constantly changing asfamilies and individuals, including refugees and immigrants from all over the world, enter the United States, begin their new lives in Tukwila, and join existing residents. Almost 40% of the population is foreign born and nearly half (49 percent) of residents speak a language other than English, compared to 27 percent county -wide. Asian and Pacific Islander languages and Spanish are of the top language groups. The dynamic nature of the population brings constantly evolving interests and needs which impact the way parks are used and the types of programs that are desired. Generally speaking, research has shown that cultural and ethnic groups use public spaces differently and experience unique barriers to accessing parks and programs. Many, especially members of the city's diverse language groups, feel that the City should play a larger role in providing services in different languages and that meet varied cultural needs. The language barrier has limited some residents in using parks and programs, or from knowing what resources are available. Table 1: Top Statewide Recreation Activities by Race/Ethnicity white Hispanics Arai African Americans 1. Walking -Park or trail setting 1.Walking-Park or trail setting 1.Walking-Park or trail setting 1. Walling - Park or trail setting 2. Visiting rivers or streams 2.Playing 2,.Attending an outdoor concert or event 2. Relaxing, reading, hanging out 3_ Visiting a beach or tide pools 3.Attending an outdoor concert or event 3.Visiting a beach or tide pools 3. Attending an outdoor concert or event 4_ Attending an outdoor concert or event 4. Relaxing, reading, hanging out 4_ Day hiking 4_ Visiting zoos, gardens, or arboretums 5. Gather or collect things in nature setting 5.Visiting rivers or streams 5.Visitingzoos, gardens, or arboretums 5. Picnicking, BBQ, or cookout Source! State of Washington 2017 Assessment of Outdoor Recreation '" ' mand Report, Eastern Washington University (July 2017 j Population Growth Tukwila's population has grown slowly in the past with an average annual growth rate of 0.9% between years 2000 and 2011. This was similar to the county -wide average but only about one-third the rate of growth in the nearby jurisdictions of Renton, Kent and Burien. However, over the past six years there has been a surge in multi -family construction with nearly 1,350 units constructed and more underway. Per King County's adopted Growth Targets, Tukwila and its proposed annexation area shall plan for and accommodate 6,500 net new housing units between 2019 and 2044. In addition to the overall need for housing units jurisdictions must plan for the countywide need for housing affordable to households with low-, very low-, and extremely low - incomes, including those with special needs, at a level that calibrates with the jurisdiction's identified 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT affordability gap for those households. Lack of Access to Local Parks and Recreation Areas. The City of Tukwila is committed to providing nearby park and recreation opportunities to the entire community. In coordination with the City's 10-Minute Walk Campaign, the park access analysis provides an assessment of the geographic distribution of parks and recreation facilities. The Trust for Public Land (TPL) — a partner of the 10-Minute Walk Campaign — provided an assessment of Tukwila's existing parks through its ParkServe program. The ParkServe program evaluates access to parks and provides optimal suggested locations for new parks using a variety of factors. According to the assessment, Tukwila has a higher percentage of residents that live within a 10- minute walk of a park when compared to the national average. Yet there are several areas outside of a convenient walking distance to an existing park. • The area along Southcenter Boulevard, between 42nd Avenue and 51st Avenue has a high to very high need for a park (Number 1 in Figure 2); • The area south of Crystal Springs Park between 51st Avenue and 54th Avenue has a high to very high need for a park (Number 2 in Figure 2); and • To the north end of the city east of I-5 has a moderate need for a park (Number 3 in Figure 2). Using the ParkServe results as a starting point, the PROS Plan evaluated Tukwila's park system using a network analysis approach to identify areas where residents live outside of a 1/4-to'/2-mile distance (10-minute walk) to a developed city park. The network approach determines walkability based on the street network, accounting for significant barriers in walking routes. The analysis did not include open space sites and included both residential and non-residential land uses. Socio-economic and demographic criteria were added to the analysis to better understand convenient access to parks through an equity lens. These include: • Overall 1/4- 1/2 -mile distance to a developed park (Map 1: Park Access); • Park access and areas with a higher percentage of households with a lower median income than the county median income average (Map 2 of Appendix C: Low Median Income); • Park access and areas with a higher percentage of households with children (Map 3 of Appendix C: Households with Children); and • Park access and areas with a higher percentage of a nonwhite population (Map 4 of Appendix C: Nonwhite Population). Based on results of the access analysis, the three ParkServe suggested locations generally align with park gap areas. Higher poverty level Affordability is a major issue in the region which impacts quality of life and the ability to live (or stay) in the city. Based on recent estimates, 60 percent of households pay 30 percent or more of their household income on gross rent (considered by the US Census Bureau as housing -cost burden). This is 16 percent higher than King County's share of 44 percent. Tukwila residents —with a median household income of $71,688 (US Census Quick Facts Tukwila WA) —earn significantly less than the King County average of $110,586. Notably, 12.4% of families are below the poverty level. The high poverty level indicates there may be a potential need in Tukwila for the parks and recreation system and programs to play a role in providing "safety 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT net" services. Low income families may have limited transportation choices. Therefore, the City will need to consider carefully how families in need will gain access to these services, not only through pricing policies but also in choosing locations where the services are provided. Poor Health Status Perhaps one of the greatest benefits of parks and recreation is potential to improve health. The Tukwila area (SeaTac and Tukwila) is less active than the county and state average. According to a recent county health profile, residents in the SeaTac/Tukwila area ranked at the top of the list for areas within King County that aren't exercising. The same data source reported that SeaTac/Tukwila also ranks second in the King County area for highest percentage of residents with essential hypertension. A lack of physical activity and poor diet are among the primary factors associated with this condition. These numbers have increased since the previous data in 2012. Constrained spaces. Many of the city's developed parks are small and built out. The open spaces are environmentally constrained and there is little land available for expanded or additional parks in or near residential neighborhoods. Some sites, such as Riverton Park and Crestview Park, have the potential to accommodate additional recreation facilities and activities, but many others do not. Condition of open spaces. Tukwila's open space lands are a patchwork of small and disconnected spaces found predominantly along the Green/Duwamish River. Collectively, all of these sites hold value for surface water mitigation and water quality, wildlife habitat and scenic and recreation -based benefits and there is a need to manage these spaces as an integrated system Lack of spaces for social gathering. Many residents come from cultures that especially value and desire open and welcoming places to gather in small or large groups for socializing and celebrating. There are currently limited areas that can accommodate large public gatherings within Tukwila's park system Unaffordable and inconvenient recreational opportunities. Residents feel strongly that recreation services and programs should be more affordable. Many also feel that programs and classes should be more flexible and available at different times and formats. Many of Tukwila's parks, as well as the Tukwila Community Center, are located on the east side of the Green River, or east of 1-5. Due to the poor connectivity, these parks are somewhat inaccessible for residents on the west side of the city. IV Future Needs This section will be updated based on the PROS Plan The City's Strategic Plan projects a future population of nearly 36,000 by 2044 King County's Growth Targets require that Tukwila provide the zoned capacity for 6,500 new households by 2044. The City is directing much of this future growth to Tukwila South, as well as redevelopment efforts in the Southcenter/Tukwila Urban Center area. However, matching the needs of this future population will be challenging due to limited opportunities to add additional acres to the park system. 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Approach Tukwila's approach to meeting future needs is to intensify underdeveloped lands and maximize the potential of existing resources, while partnering with local and regional providers to offset demand. Some existing parks have additional capacity for new recreational facilities, or can be improved to increase use. Based on this approach, the City addresses recreation demand for the planning period through an analysis of park and recreation area access for existing and planned land uses throughout the system. Areas that lack convenient access tothese places now and intothe next ten years are considered to have a gap in service. The City identifies "convenient access" as the typical walking or biking distance most people are willing to travel to reach a park. This is generally a '/- to ?-mile distance. In addition to having access to local parks and schools and recreational programming, residents desire the following five close -to -home recreational activities: 1) walking and biking; 2) social gathering; 3) organized sports; 4) unstructured play; and 5) river access. Management and protection of open space is another need identified in this Report and the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element. The analysis used GIS and the City's street system and trail network data to simulate the path of travel for pedestrians and bicyclists. It takes into account physical barriers to access, including incomplete or disconnected street networks and the Green/Duwamish River, as well as lack of park access points to give a more realistic assessment of the park system that is based on the way people actually get to parks. The following discussion provides an overview of needs and recreation demand over the planning period. Identified gap areas indicate the general location where demand for parks and recreation activities are greatest. Figures illustrate the general geographic location of the gap areas graphically, as well as the summary of the future system concept. Nearby Access to Local Parks and Schools Parks in general provide benefits to residents and visitors and contribute to overall quality of life, positively impact property values and make Tukwila more attractive for business. However, local parks and schools provide a wider range of recreation opportunities than special use parks and open spaces give, offering more comprehensive park benefits for residents. Five locations in the city are greater than a /<- to '/-mile service area distance to local parks and schools These locations indicate where improved access is needed over the next ten years. (Figure 2) P2: Rail lines and the hillside cut off this location in the Ryan Hill neighborhood from the rest of Tukwila. The gap is close to Seattle's Kubota Garden Park —however, there are no public school sites nearby. P5: There are no local parks near this location in the Foster neighborhood, but Foster High School and Showalter Middle School are in close proximity and provide sports fields, courts and playgrounds. Tukwila Pool is also nearby but does not offer the types of amenities available at local parks. P7: Crystal Springs Park is a local park close to this McMicken location, but there is no public access to its western parcel from the west side. There are also no public schools in close proximity. P8: This Tukwila Hill location has a higher than average density of housing but lacks convenient access to any local parks or schools. Tukwila Park is the closest local park, but it is not within the desired 'I- to '/2-mile distance. The multi -purpose fields and playground at Tukwila Elementary School are nearby, but they lack direct access from this location. P10: Tukwila South has potential to accommodate a range of different land uses, including residential development. There are currently no parks or schools to serve this area. 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Recreational Programming The Tukwila Community Center provides the majority of public recreation programming and support services in the city. Along with City -sponsored programs, neighboring communities, public schools, private providers and non -profits expand the number of park and recreation related benefits available to Tukwila residents. There is a need for expanded recreation programming and services in several locations using a combination of mobile programming with classes and activities held at City -owned and school -owned locations. Environmental education, community gardening and skill -building programs can all occur within parks. In particular, the City should focus attention on the following seven focus areas. (Figure 3) • PG1: Continue to offer programming at the Tukwila Community Center. • PG2: Consider adding programming at Cascade View Elementary School. • PG3: Consider partnering with Tukwila's Metropolitan Park District (MPD) to add non -aquatic programs at Tukwila Pool, and partner with schools to provide programming at school -owned property during non -school hours. PG4: Partner with Thorndyke Elementary School to consider adding programming during non- school hours. • PG5: Consider offering mobile programming in nearby parks to meet the needs of this area. • PG6: Partner with Tukwila Elementary School to consider adding programming during non -school hours. PG7: Demand for programming and public services in the Southcenter/Tukwila Urban Center area will continue to increase in the future as new residential growth occurs. Consider traditional place -based offerings, such as programming at a park or building, as well as alternative options such as mobile programming, to meet the needs of this area. Walking and Biking Walking and biking are among the most popular and desired activities in Tukwila. Tukwila's Green River Trail is the City's primary trail system, providing a north/south connection along the Green/Duwamish River. The Interurban Trail provides access to neighboring cities. Several railways and rail branches have potential for future use as trails. However, busy streets, the Green/Duwamish River, and steep slopes create safety barriers to pedestrians and cyclists in reaching parks. In addition, there are few east/west cross city connections. 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT There are ten areas where convenient and safe walking and biking access is needed over the planning period. (Figure 4) These broad locations are greater than '/<- to '/-mile from the Green River Trail. They also also highlight connections-- identified in the Tukwila's Walk and Roll Plan and supported by public demand-- that could greatly improve access for walking and biking connectivity. WB1: Connect the Tukwila Community Centerfrom the south and westthrough a modification to the Allentown Bridge, or new pedestrian/bicycle bridge. WB2: Cross Tukwila International Boulevard to access Southgate Park. WB3: Cross South 144" Street and connect north/south to improve access to Cascade View Community Park. • WB4: Connect opposite sides of State Highway 518. • WB5: Cross 1-5 and connect east/west. • WB6: Cross 1-5 near the Southcenter Mall • WB7: Connect the Southcenter Mall and Southcenter Transit Center with the Green River, Interurban, and Lake to Sound trails. This linkage will connect with the Sounder Commuter Rail Station and the City of Renton via a pedestrian walkway and bridge over the Green River. Social Gathering Opportunities and places that allow for socializing and gathering strengthen the social fabric. Many residents feel that these activities are central to a sense of community and overall feeling of well-being. Tukwila's diverse cultural groups also desire both formal and informal settings to meet, celebrate and socialize. Places and programs that offer youth sports are some of the most needed types of offerings. Five areas have a greater need for nearby places for social gathering or to hold community events A combination of picnic areas and shelters, plazas and other supporting amenities should be added to these areas to meet this identified need. (Figure 5) SG1: Add picnic areas and/or an open lawn when developing Ryan Hill Park. • SG2: Partner with Cascade View Elementary School to provide space for public gathering during non school hours. SG3: Create a small "parklet" or seating area along public street frontage. • SG4: Improve access to Tukwila Elementary School to accommodate this type of activity. • SG5: Improve access to the picnic tables and shelter at Tukwila Pond Park as called for in planned improvements to the site. Organized Sports Most parks do not offer the variety of organized sports facilities, such as sport fields and ball courts, required to meet the needs of nearby residents. Residents desire open and available soccer fields, with a decrease in interest for fee -based leagues. Services and programs for children and places to play nearby are especially needed in Tukwila. Residents —particularly area youth —seek affordable places to play. 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT There is unmet demand for sports such as indoor/outdoor soccer and basketball throughout Tukwila. With limited space to add new facilities, the City should continue to partner with organizations such as school districts and Starfire Sports for providing access to sports facilities and programs. Special attention should be placed on two focus areas that currently have the least amount of access to organized sports. (Figure 6) • OS1: Partner with Rainier View Elementary School to allow public use of school facilities during non school hours. 0S2: Improve access to Tukwila Elementary School, and partner with the district for use of school facilities during non- school hours. Programming at Starfire Sports would also be convenient to this location. Play There is unmet demand for unstructured play throughout the city. The City should create more places for safe, unstructured play through new features and partnerships in areas that lack convenient access. (Figure 7) U1: Add a nature play area with development of Ryan Hill Park. U2: Partner with McMicken Heights Elementary School for use of school facilities during non school hours. • U3: Improve access to Crystal Springs Park and add a nature play feature to this park. • U4: Improve access to Tukwila Elementary School to allow for use of school facilities during non - school hours. River Access Tukwila residents have a strong connection with the Green/Duwamish River and desire expanded opportunities to access and enjoy the river. In some ways, Tukwila is defined by the Green/Duwamish River which runs the entire length of the city. Many of the City's parks and historic sites are located on or adjacent to this waterway. The Southcenter Subarea Plan calls for increased access and connectivity to the river. It calls out a bridge to connect with the Sounder Station and future park near this location on the east bank of the river. Over the planning period, the following general locations will need greater connectivity to the river. (Figure 8) R1: Work with willing property owners to identify opportunities to connect to the river in this general location west of Starfire Sports/Fort Dent Park. R2: Implement planned trail within this general area east of SR 99 to increase connectivity to the river. Open Space The State of Washington requires that all cities planning under the Growth Management Act (GMA) identify "open space corridors" useful for recreation, wildlife habitat, trails, and connection of critical areas (or, as defined in Tukwila, sensitive areas). The word "corridors" tends to imply a passageway, whereas 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Tukwila recognizes that movement through the entire open space corridor is not necessary. The City, therefore, chooses to identify an "open space network" that consists of public and privately owned lands. A network of open space is a concept that comes from the State's Growth Management Act, and was developed through the Tukwila Tomorrow process that developed the 1995 Comprehensive Plan. The presence of a high quality natural system — interconnected and accessible for recreation, where appropriate — is part of the overall quality of life goal for the City of Tukwila and is a county -wide goal for all urban areas within Puget Sound. Based on these requirements and in alignment with community priorities, an interconnected open space network is needed in Tukwila. The City should identify properties that would increase greenway and/or habitat and park land connectivity through inventory of desirable properties and through conversations with willing property owners and/or partnering with other land managers. Of the most defining features of this network is the Green/Duwamish River. In keeping with the goals of the open space network, a separate corridor management plan is needed to enhance and protect the Green/Duwamish River Corridor. The plan should provide direction for integrating trails, street and river crossings and riverfront parks along the corridor, as well as a prototype design for public and private spaces along the river. Locations and recommendations specified in the Shoreline Master Program should be included in development of this vision.' Future Concept A summary graphic shows the Parks, Recreation and Open Space system concept map, and incorporates the preceding discussion of future needs. (Figure 9) 1 Identification of lands as part of the open space network does not restrict the use of the land to public recreation. Identification means that these lands have value to the network. Private use would preserve that value whether it's a sensitive area (critical area as defined by the State) has an identified public access function, or has a significant vegetative/topographic function. In addition, land identified within the network shall have high priority for future public purchase of lands for recreation/open space. 6 PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT V APPENDIX [The following maps will be updated] E F L )Seattle King County \l` tuortt' Wind's Frt - L 1 .LVeir. yy+ Dinramish MvseCec ts` Fail Preserve — r �� r Mem es , '{ N Park `, Dis•iamis - Duwamish Gardens .niPark'" 'S99 �. r `' . i II) Tuk:: iia Mu�Community B u r i e n `' � enter �\ f} �..+ t Cod . Park r Rivertt Park 5T �mefa Drive ..I ;�, Cim,Rw. wham' iti span Space 21 idini A-1,ark • -V n _d ak \ Look rt Pa ril SeaTac .mmunitjr 1 ter } -.r.�-i J tip Fos � r++` � Center 1iiI . r—Y c I/Lee`. . Cascade cie v Tukwila P "th Pa k- "'ll CommunPrtvl i,,;,` �i�. � �- '"• � Haze ut Lake Wash irigton (05 0.25 0rl f � � Ta c 0.5 Mites Crestview Park, Pa- -Yc7 1a ]e �_ __.�?. 1J 6 1 a^•J 7C 332 '�� t3�a E .73�c P3 = an' Parkf ttfns 8 y P'-- Urarrie n h r _ i'ort Dent P a titi Tirrba I _-- HittLot ' ->ls Sports Tu ila i II; •._ \ —Hil „ai,'� inr x,.'"^'•R-tr'hitnn =M ica i lay', PSrk AGreen Ri.er LGE d Lava Park ii TukWilal apanese Garde n}1 Park:vay zRive i Plaza Riv erfront Par . Black River Lot 0 PROS Existing System M a p Figure 1 Legend Existing Trails Special Use Park Roads Roads River / SPeams Annexation 6 King County PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT r r I I am ..._._ 1 l North-�. flip - ` -serve Wind's � P� WeirDuwamish Cee \L1 �HitrPre in Moses \ Y7 Memorial r Burien Park I\ Duwamish Duwamish y Gardln -.Park • I l _ 51285t Cascadebiew Community Park Tukwila Community C nter 1 Crestvlew Park Lake Washington Seattle King County Cod iga Park 67th wire Pamela Drive Kouth Mini Open Space Park,, Park-::::.:...f Foster °stir 'oil L•Inks' ft • Hazelnut Black River Lot •• an. m P` rk IN an 11VI M ". Fort Dent Parkl interurban Starfire Sports • Hill Lot t' i1lkWlla L _.R e n t o n 7Yikwila ark Green River Lot Wawa Park Tukwila (Japanese Carden) Parkway Riverview Plaza k�lrllY�--L_� Rrvertront tit Birentinnlal Park .E811 Tay Kent r 10.5 0.25 0 0.5 Miles 1 / s 204 Si -17 and Figure 2 Legend Parks Local Park Open Space I:::L ]J Special Use Park Roads Roads ;`99 45_\Ii s•n .. ��r,r�y karye Hrojeasucil:.an:p'-anLipdate,_yrayhres,L;nrrirni.Mavi hi]zncw rar'rs.mp.a 'ro g F King County Ceci:f We D Pry .) l) .. Lserve Moses, / . r�� Memorial Jrzil Park \ ❑uwami5h Gardens' Burien --RLW r '0.5 025 0 Crestview Park Duwamish Park:. j ,Seattle J: \ 67th R{ ` Pamela Drive ivBrtitrFOuth Mini �PPe_ n Space ni P Park, nok Lake Washington r, King County IL Ph{ill a 4�ptir�c �� I I -Ha M cdam W Vint% al Perk Win er rden H Black River Lot Fort Dent Park' Interurban ::Starflre Sports IIILUt 1 5 Tukwila Green River Lot • ark Tukwila ardent Parkway R1VerVIEW Plaza .4 Riverfront y eicentLrnial Park So uth g at - Park Cascade View Community Park Tac 0.5 Miles r...r rmum.1 rcu r4 ucxie•runuuuaer1arann Ira orn..n:wb ncrr=n_sPmnranu..mrer.rorn cr•.rn on 7 Figure 3 Legend Parks Local Park Open Space Special Use Park Roads River / Streams Annexation DarSa+ed "v`:J[r"44.445FM F F In g aunty k North Cecil :7 Moses Mem anal, Park Burien 1115 0.25 0 Ouwam ish Gardens 1.599 _ S128St T a c 0.5 Miles PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Ow/vim iSh Park Lake Washington ;Seattle King Count ivertOn Park • 57th Ave Parneta GrtVe 111 Rivertoliouth Mini open Space Mini Park Park—:•• Lookout Pa rk ..... Faster \ 1.Jdepflf astergoltt Links' Lee • tritaikir Park .. Crestview Park kre. S204 Si TuklaIIai ..LPo Black RIVer ai„rdenHazilnut ti,nterurbiii. "riE , Fort Dent Park/ Lot -6‘rtire 5P°rle Melia 05 ',Penton rsTukwila Park Green River Lot Tukwila' Parkway VervIeW Plaza iverfront centLnial ark II -171 ,-7pancl Figure 4 Legend Parks Local Park Open Space Special Use Park pj 4,11_\1 • ,u \ rats n ,L.nny Kane rroiectsvu I 4 uompt'anUpcial.eRoapmcvtpernenimaps,r1viraektickerocus.reas.aws King County Cecil i- Moses Meat oral: Park Burien P nt (05 0.25 0 a. North Winds' Weir r, ❑uwam itlh kGardert Tac 0.5 Miles Crestview Park rk' Ui ❑uwamish —. Park :Seattle Lake\ Washin-rgton D_\ King County 67th \amela Drive Rivertorrouth Mini Open Space in� P , r c. Lk Leak ' } ;Foster •[� + teY n!f inks' ILee Park Black River Lot Macsdam Hazelnut Wetlands & Park Winter-1 terurban , PAR Dent Parks ill Lot • 5t:riire sports STukwila Green RlverLo.t Park . 7ukwilal arden) Parkway Riverview Plaza Rivet -front Bic entL mat Park t� 9 rut and Figure 5 Legend Parks Local Park Open Space Special Use Park Roads Roads River / Streams Annexation „7 4' :.4 a'r ^. : t mmrsP+aniir King \•. County North Wind's Weir Duwamish Cecil C }lilt Preserve Moses Memorial,;;1 Park j Duwamish \ Garden' Sul -ten i 10.5 0.25 0 l — — Sauthya Pa Cascade View i Community Park Tac 0.5 Miles Crestview Park PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Duwamish -.Park • f Lake Washington ;Seattle King County 57th Ave Pamela Drive • Routh Mini Open Space tNfn Pkfk Park.. Lookout Park;: Foster J eposter.Golt L•iRks' M O Lee•1, Ph dl ' Park •�Black River LOt MacSdam Hazelnut f.. W inns Park :Fort Dent Park/ fin' :Wardenj Interurban . __..l Startire Sports Hill Lot 1.1U 401 lai\Renton Tukwila ilior Green River Lot d lkawa Park Tukwila ;Japanese Garden) Parkway Riverview Plaza Rivertront 9icentnnial Park / S2O4St„ —Tulc&rllal—. Pondrsit Ken "i nd Figure 6 Legend Parks Local Park US] OpenSpace Special Use Park Roads Roads River / Streams Annexation .E,e ,'°,',':?"4-c,4 -a rn !r a an rtian9e "''oleo slco id,onwranuodalesiaraon.cs,t.ernen[Iv1ao5•.i-,Ca Opel s m.0 King County Moice Manor' Park Burien i;; Ken q r 1 10.5 0.25 0 Duwam •ard.n _ S128St I11,�1`� ■1 ■ Riv r• k Park \.0„ li kl PA mil Sauthgati L"bok j_.. Park CascadeView Corn munity Park T a c Crestvlew Park ,Seattle `-a-- it:ri Lake Washington King County t J4iep o r,,,V Main Pn31.. !Lee Phali TPark ` Tukwila A I I 1 Pool a~ Hazelnut Black River Lot hMacidam Park _ `� w Iani3s 8 : Min WkrdM { i Fart Dent Spoils + Interurban ::: • �HidI Lot .• Starfire !. Tukwila on kwila Green River Lot lkawa Park Tukwila' (Japanese Garden) arden) Parkway i [ Riverview Plaza River?ront Bicentennial Park Tukwila Pond Park 0.5 Miles xMILAWISUr.ey.II _, 71 and I. Unstructured Play Focus Areas Figure 7 Legend Parks Roads River / Streams Annexation King F County L I Cecil Maser' Mem ari a Park Burien -Duwam I • Garden start PARKS. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT ,5eattle LakeN Wash►n-c, ton -....ess Focus Areas IL King County Pamela Drive n Cipen Space rk ter inks. t 7i+kwila R1 � ill —�:,• '�' 17— 411 ��. i�•� ��eRiver Lot •�F! era, ��T�i'^7� ,F apanisdard Parkwatukwllay Crestview ti J ` iw Plaza Park f ' I Riverfrant B centLnial Park N C [ s Tay .5 0.25 0 0.5 Miles .L ! s204 St Kent 41e- Special Use Park Roads Roads River / Streams Annexation _,II...'...I'47E ra±n 'i '•Lan9 NEI 6..e rrnfeas}tuia umnprian upaateis,rapnicl.tramentnreintihyokwere+.�te>a ,u Lake`. Washington System Co Seattle King County 9 Burien T s17] ifs Ilia . En Vali SeaTac unity Center 11 Legends. Project 5:rh Expanded Capacity ' artne Tac • j1 F I 1.5 0.25 0 d 0.5 Miles King County o . 48th Bi-k 'lkowtes '%11 Parks L-� EL Local Park pen S ce;,na41 Spec 1JJse P rk Roa Roads River / S _..^.:: Pia r•R Fr.:-Ewst.. i4 L erre: ar.e.^.xg, ;ranh,cftRric Mlu6nclR n.i?nrsnfLtan rnrri 7 Sites Riverfror Ken Rentp,n 411b- Projects Existing Trails DaxSa.,.; 0,3112.20149:47;34AM DRAFT Transportation Background Report City of Tukwila November 2024 (i......11 1ikaaTian peRation Element • It 1.'b.L+1' �*A.I'.]=;F .-r�Tl,.F.! E=;—b„I; r.J- Executive Summary Tukwila is a vibrant community with diverse residents, businesses, and regional attractions, connected by various transportation options to local and regional destinations. Since incorporating in 1908, Tukwila has grown to a community with a population of 20,265 residents (2020)1. In addition to serving its residents, Tukwila is home to jobs from a wide range of sectors such as manufacturing, industry, local businesses, and retail. Tukwila's major shopping area, Southcenter, draws in shoppers from across the Puget Sound region. In recent years, Tukwila has sought to address traffic congestion and improve multimodal connectivity, especially near Tukwila International Boulevard and in Southcenter. Tukwila also maintains two major regional trails: the Green River Trail and the Interurban Trail. These trails allow people to walk, roll, scooter, and bike throughout the city and to neighboring communities. There have been several major transit -related transportation investments in the City of Tukwila, including Tukwila International Boulevard Link Station (TIBS), the Southcenter Transit Center, and the Tukwila Sounder Station. The TIBS station boasts high usage and provides much needed transit connections to Tukwila International Boulevard, which has undergone several pedestrian access improvements in recent years. Sound Transit is also planning to add an additional light rail infill station on the north side of the City, near Boeing Access Road. Sound Transit also maintains a Sounder S Line station in Tukwila. The Sounder S Line is a commuter rail that extends from Seattle to Lakewood/Tacoma and provides service during typical peak period hours on weekdays. In addition to rail service, King County Metro and Sound Transit both provide bus routes serving the Tukwila area. The Southcenter Transit Center has improved transit connectivity and ridership increases, especially on the Rapid Ride F Line, have exceeded growth rate expectations. This Transportation Background Report seeks to proactively build on these investments to support Tukwila's continued evolution over the next 20 years. Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan (The Plan) integrates previous planning efforts and emphasizes multimodal connections, safety, and equity. This Transportation Background Report, including the transportation project list, was 12016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. Table S0101 https://www.census.gov/ 2 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT developed in coordination with the community, who helped identify long-term vision for transportation in Tukwila. The following five goals were developed with input from the Tukwila community and guide the investment decisions outlined in this Transportation Background Report: Eliminate systemic barriers to ensure fair access to healthy, affordable, reliable transportation options, livable places, and jobs. Provide a safe transportation system and placernaking to emphasize Tukwila as a welcoming place, particularly for historically marginalized and vulnerable populations. Maintain, expand, and enhance Tukwila's multimodal network, particularly wark, bike. roll, and transit, to increase mobility options where needs are greatest. Anticipate and plan for the community's evolving need new technologies, and opportunities for mobility. Plan, design, and construct transportation projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve community health, and protect the natural environment, 3 -IIki,,+I -F AI'.]=;t-ATI,.C.i E=L`vl: h;; Plan Overview The Tukwila Transportation Background Report sets a framework for understanding, prioritizing, measuring, and constructing a multimodal transportation network that furthers Tukwila's goals. This document includes seven chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction Describes the purpose of the Transportation Background Report and the planning requirements it needs to address. This chapter provides information about Tukwila's history, position in the region, current demographics, and existing land uses. Chapter 2: Transportation Inventory and Needs Assessment Describes conditions for all travel modes in the existing transportation system. This chapter also gives an overview of needs identified by the community, opportunities, and challenges. Chapter 3: Public Outreach Describes the extensive community outreach that included online engagement, focus groups, pop -ups at public events, and public meetings. The overarching principle of the public outreach was to develop a transportation background report that reflects the diverse perspectives and transportation needs of the community. Chapter 4: Transportation Vision Describes Tukwila's layered network approach, which focuses on how the City's transportation network can function, to meet the needs of all users. This chapter introduces the priority networks for each mode, describes the City's vision for how those modes are served, and describes the types of infrastructure that would be needed to achieve that vision. This chapter includes level of service performance standards for streets and intersections, and planning guidance to accommodate transit, biking, and walking. Chapter 5: Transportation Project List Describes the Transportation Background Report's prioritized project list, which would provide a safer and more connected multimodal system over the coming decades. This 4 1.1 K k':+ I _ F_ 7 P. N :. 5 T '- N ELE hN; , chapter also describes further transportation investments that could be pursued if additional funding opportunities arise. Chapter 6: Funding Describes the City's path to implementation, including how the City plans to fund transportation over the life of the plan, strategies that the City will employ to optimize use of its transportation network, and how Tukwila can monitor progress of the Transportation Background Report over time to realize the overarching goals that guided the development of this Background Report. 5 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Contents Executive Summary 2 Plan Overview 4 Contents 6 Index of Key Terms 11 Chapter 1: Introduction 12 Tukwila Profile 12 Demographics 14 Existing Land Use 15 Local Planning Context 19 City of Tukwila Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element (2015) 19 Ryan Hill Neighborhood Study (2018) 19 Southcenter Subarea Plan (2014) 20 Tukwila International Boulevard Neighborhood Plan (2017) 20 Tukwila Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center Program (2007) 21 Tukwila Transit Plan Update (2016) 22 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Transition Plan (2016) 23 City of Tukwila's Non -Motorized Walk and Roll Plan (2009) 23 Regional Planning Context 24 VISION 2050 (2020) 24 King County Countywide Planning Policies (2021) 25 Washington State Growth Management Act 25 Chapter 2: Transportation Inventory and Needs Assessment 26 Street Network 26 Citywide Traffic Volume Trends 31 Existing Traffic Conditions 33 Existing Facilities and Future Needs for Walking and Rolling 46 Pedestrian Network Connectivity 49 Existing Facilities and Future Needs for Biking 49 Bike Network Connectivity 52 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Existing and Future Transit Needs 53 System Overview 53 Metro Flex Service 62 Market Analysis 65 Freight and Truck Mobility 70 Safety 73 Vehicle -Vehicle Involved Collisions 74 Vehicle -Bike Involved Collisions 77 Vehicle -Pedestrian Involved Collisions 79 Chapter 3: Public Outreach 82 Vision and Goals for Transportation 82 Process to Develop Vision and Goals 82 Recurring Themes 83 Plan Goals 84 Chapter 4: Transportation Vision 88 Introduction to Layered Network 88 Auto LOS Guidelines 89 2044 Traffic Conditions 89 Pedestrian LOS Standards and Guidelines 98 Bike Guidelines 105 Transit Guidelines 109 Freight Guidelines 111 Chapter 5: Transportation Project List 114 Project Development 114 Priority Projects 118 Chapter 6: Funding 132 Funding 132 Transportation Demand Management (TDM) 135 TDM Strategies 136 Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Program 137 Appendix A: Tukwila Population Characteristics 140 7 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix B: Vehicle LOS Results for the Urban Center Corridor Analysis, and Mid -Day & PM Peak Hour 144 Appendix C: Vehicle LOS Results for the Study Intersection Analysis PM Peak Hour 154 Appendix D: Existing Transit Service in Tukwila 160 Appendix E: Public Outreach (Overview, Fact Sheet, Flyer, Poster, Engagement Boards) 173 Outreach Overview 174 Appendix F: Bike Facility Types and Treatments 185 Appendix G: Freight Considerations 192 Appendix H: Extended Project List 196 8 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT 9 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT 10 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Index of Key Terms TE Transportation Element CSAP Comprehensive Safety Action Plan LOS Level of Service LTS Level of Traffic Stress FHWA Federal Highway Administration ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers KSI Killed or Severe Injury crashes LRSP Local Roadway Safety Plan RRFB Rectangular Rapid -Flashing Beacon SS4A Safe Streets for All program (USDOT) SRTS Safe Routes to School USDOT US Department of Transportation WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled 11 Chapter 1: Introduction The City of Tukwila's Transportation Background Report (Background Report) provides a framework for transportation investments over the next 20 years and beyond, guided by the community's transportation and mobility priorities. The Background Report was developed through close collaboration between City staff, elected officials, community representatives, and the public at -large to help improve mobility and quality of life in Tukwila. It combines the insights gained from this collaboration with detailed technical analysis to identify transportation investments that will help the City improve mobility for everyone who utilizes transportation systems in Tukwila. Tukwila Profile Centered at the crossroads of rivers, trails, highways, and railroads, Tukwila is a suburban city in King County with 12 unique neighborhoods. Tukwila covers approximately 10 square miles of land area and is bordered on the north, south, east, and west by Seattle, Kent, Renton, and SeaTac and Burien, respectively as well as several pockets of unincorporated King County. The City boundary is shown in Figure 1. Tukwila was incorporated as a city in 1908 and has evolved into a local leader in retail and commercial sales, warehousing, and distribution of goods and manufacturing. The current Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 2015, highlights the chronology of Tukwila's willingness to grow and change while diligently preserving its strong community values. 12 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 1. City of Tukwila Boundary • Burin II, Normandy Park ----- luuniery Parks ti l I I' I'Arr.... Se Kent 0 I}.5 1 ,...-.. M7M Y City of Tukwila Boundary 13 1.1h1,,+1'.. _ — 415•l=:t'.-. -DTI'-C.! E_L`•il h;; Demographics In 2020, Tukwila had an estimated population of 20,265 residents. Tukwila residents are primarily concentrated in the City's west and east quadrants, consisting of multiple neighborhoods, including Thorndyke, Cascade View, Riverton, Allentown, McMicken, Tukwila Hill, and Foster. Age ranges for residents are relatively balanced, with a median age estimated to be 36 years, 12 percent 65 years or older and 21 percent under 18 years old.2 Tukwila's population is diverse in multiple aspects, namely in terms of race, ethnicity, spoken languages, and educational attainment.2 This section highlights various demographic statistics that make Tukwila unique. The three most common racial identities represented in Tukwila are White, Asian, and Black constituting 31 percent, 26 percent, and 21 percent of the City's overall population, respectively.2 The diversity of Tukwila is notable in comparison to the same statistics on a national level. Of the nationwide population, those identifying as "White Alone" comprise 70 percent, those identifying as "Asian Alone" comprise six percent, and those identifying as "Black Alone" comprise 13 percent. Additionally, 18 percent of Tukwila residents identify as "Hispanic or Latino," which is comparable to 18 percent nationwide.2 Tukwila has a high percentage of foreign -born residents; approximately 42 percent of Tukwila residents were born outside of the United States. Of residents born outside of the United States, 54 percent are United States citizens.2 Slightly over half of the population in Tukwila speak a language other than English at home, with the other dominant languages including Spanish and Vietnamese. About 55 percent of this population subset speak English less than "very well".2 The Tukwila community includes people with diverse educational backgrounds. Approximately 28 percent of Tukwila residents over the age of 25 have an educational attainment of a high school diploma (including equivalency). Additionally, 24 percent of Tukwila residents have an educational attainment of a bachelor's degree or higher.2 About nine percent of Tukwila residents identify as living with a disability.2 This statistic is important to consider when planning for the transportation needs of all residents. Fourteen percent of Tukwila residents reported an 2 2016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. Table S0101 https://www.census.gov/ Note: ACS data was used for consistency among data sources within the Demographics section and Appendix A. The Decennial Census has limited data on population characteristics other than the population sum. To present a wide range of population characteristics with a consistent source, all data in the Transportation Background Report uses ACS 2020 5-year estimates. 14 TUrKWILA TRANSPORT! ATION ELEMENT income level in the past 12 months that is below the national poverty level.2 Detailed population characteristics of the City of Tukwila are tabulated in Appendix A. Existing Land Use The City of Tukwila is comprised of 21 zoning districts that prioritize specific land uses within its land area of approximately 10 square miles. Figure 2 displays the City's Zoning Map. Tukwila's 12 residential neighborhoods (Figure 3) are a mix of smaller -lot, built -out residential areas predominately built before World War II, large multi -family apartment complexes built in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, and newer neighborhoods characterized by larger houses. Tukwila has a wide range of popular destinations, including the regional Southcenter shopping area, the Starfire soccer complex, and several park spaces with multiple trails, shown in Figure 4. Notably, the Tukwila Community Center along the Duwamish River hosts a variety of activities and resources for seniors, adults, teens, and young children, including fitness, recreation, and wellness programs, as well as a preschool. Although not located within City boundaries, the Seattle -Tacoma International Airport is located just west of Tukwila in the City of SeaTac. Given the close proximity of the major airport, the City of Tukwila coordinates with SeaTac, the Port of Seattle, and WSDOT to address any planned projects near the airport. 15 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 2. City of Tukwila Existing Zoning Map f 744 5 i1�eel Sr'ti '. 0.1 (rt-. } .•.Y1Yi S,Slllh Y.• 5C..•E Ih S! 0 C. C. r mom o lily BcumduK firer ▪ Mr3.1futurinF Ikdumil Cm"!maker/ IMP 1-ae..lacrurlrg ketuaairl CcntkoLigft vt.e.1 L cHik ,ryhherhead Cemnweal f.eLE. ▪ ari.t tuna ▪ Curti. - 140.01Crnrnmcd Hparul {clrr+a w Maid Lya RtxdMl HI { Wrmre:veg Career ▪ mod+° ▪ Tli br Omni hi L1tiiopn.nl ▪ Tu4..it Way i0rllll Zoning 16 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 3. City of Tukwila Neighborhoods ti 3 5 J V-0rllh'/ t___J City. Li ry =I Allerl r I7 FosrrPaint =I Thornrtjkr Parks Mill Comed&View McMKken Tukwila Hill 'IIw jT1l►r RhritMr IMI ilak'i11i $41.4:f' Mil Rater 1=1 Rymr lall OM Tukwila Urban Center 0 a as I MiY . City of Tukwila Neighborhoods 17 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 4. City of Tukwila Key Destinations 5 L_ _ CM,9oundxy 0 -YES `te Pu61e Semmes & A.3nces km • b * Ttvl Slim tl i •as • Tuk Xia Cannorats. Center C7 Ti.nrtf.riw.. M. uhraii TJehfa POSE Clitr ■ '.►r�ppCerarrs 4. Niter WO Inks sniarrlar.c City of Tukwila Key Destinations 18 Local Planning Context The City of Tukwila has several plans and policies that guide future development in Tukwila. Some of these plans, such as the Ryan Hill Neighborhood Study, Southcenter Subarea Plan, and Tukwila International Boulevard Neighborhood Plan, focus on development in certain areas or corridors within the City. The 2015 Comprehensive Plan has been the guiding document for City staff and elected officials in making decisions regarding transportation capital project funding, development regulations, and guiding principles for growth in Tukwila through 2035. Each of the plans described below have been reviewed and incorporated into the Transportation Element and Background Report. City of Tukwila Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element (2015) The City of Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan adopted in 2015 laid out the City's 20-year vision, derived from the City's core values: respect for the past and present, compassion and support for individuals and families, pride of place, and quality opportunities for working, living, and community involvement. The plan touched on many aspects of community life and development, from the character of neighborhoods and urban design standards to the development of vibrant centers of economic life and the revitalization of residential areas.' The plan provided goals and policies for achieving the City's vision through the allocation of jobs and services, housing, parks and recreational opportunities, transportation network investments, and sustainable funding. Ryan Hill Neighborhood Study (2018) Transportation Element (TE) Update (2024) Tukwila is updating its Comprehensive Plan, including the TE, in 2024. This involved changes to the plan to meet new regional and statewide requirements and ensure that the plan is aligned with the vision for the City. How is this Background Report related to the TE? The Background Report serves as an appendix to the TE. The TE outlines policies and actions that the City will take and it refers back to Background Report for more detail on the analysis and plan development process. The TE and the Background Report work together to outline the plan for the City of Tukwila over the next 20 years. 3 City of Tukwila. City of Tukwila Comprehensive Plan. 2015 https://www.tu kwi lawa.gov/wp-content/u ploads/DCD-Comprehensive-Plan. pdf 19 T KWILA TRANSPORT! ❑TION ELEMENT In 2018, development interest within the Ryan Hill neighborhood, resulting from the area's limited infrastructure and sensitive features, prompted a comprehensive look at the needed land use changes and the types of infrastructure improvements required to support potential redevelopment4 The study's primary objectives were to ensure that any development decisions work collectively to achieve neighborhood -driven goals and that development -driven infrastructure improvements, such as sewer, water, and roadways, are coordinated and maximized. More information is available in the plan document on the City's website. Southcenter Subarea Plan (2014) The City of Tukwila developed the award -winning Southcenter Subarea Plan as a strategy for change and regulatory policy to guide and govern future development within Tukwila's urban center. The Southcenter Subarea Plan outlines the community's aspirations and support strategies for Southcenter as well as the physical outcomes intended to be implemented as new investments create change. Some of Tukwila's industrial uses have already shifted to retail uses, as evidenced by Costco, Lowe's Home Improvement, and Home Depot, all located in former warehouse buildings. In addition, this plan also identifies an initial set of recommended actions and investments that the City can take to accelerate redevelopment strategies. More information is available in the plan document on the City's website. Tukwila International Boulevard Neighborhood Plan (2017) Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP) Development (2025) Tukwila is in the process of developing an LRSP to address transportation safety in the City. The LRSP, to be adopted in 2025, includes an analysis of existing conditions and systemic safety concerns that feed into a set of safety -related projects on Tukwila streets. How is this Background Report related to the LRSP? The Background Report, TE, and LRSP all work together to address transportation needs in Tukwila. The LRSP development informed safety policies in the TE and is integrated in the Safety section of the Background Report. Recommended projects from the LRSP can be found in the LRSP document. City of Tukwila. Ryan Hill Neighborhood Study. 2018 https://www.tukwilawa.gov/wp-content/uploads/Ryan-Hil I-Neighborhood-Study-03.06.18.pdf 20 TUKWIEA TRANSPORT! A TION ELEMENF In 2015, Tukwila City Council adopted goals and policies in the Tukwila International Boulevard (TIB) Element of the Tukwila Comprehensive Plan, calling for a transformation of the neighborhood into a more walkable, safer, and attractive destination with TIB as a "main street". In 2017, the TIB Neighborhood Plan was developed to explore strategies for implementing the City's adopted goals and policies for the TIB neighborhood. The City partnered with the Congress for New Urbanism (CNU) to identify recommendations which included: reducing the number of through -lanes on TIB by replacing them with on -street parking and bike lanes; and revising the zoning regulations for new development to allow new land uses and development patterns that are consistent with the walkable vision for TIB5. Between 2017 and 2020, there have been various efforts to support the TIB Neighborhood Plan, including6: • Interim zoning code revisions to restrict certain auto -oriented and lodging uses • Development of preliminary rechannelization alternatives for TIB, including potential impacts, mitigation, cost, and the extent to which they achieve the goals for the TIB District More information is available in the plan document on the City's website. Tukwila Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center Program (2007) Under the Washington State Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Efficiency Act, the City of Tukwila was given the option of developing a Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center (GTEC) program to expand CTR efforts to additional employers and residential groups within a defined area. In 2007, the City developed a GTEC for the Tukwila Urban Center (TUC), a designated regional growth center, through extensive involvement by employers, organizations, and individuals from 5 City of Tukwila. Tukwila International Boulevard CNU Legacy Project. 2017 https://i ndd.adobe.com/view/30a631e0-ee3c-45f4-8f76-a9c83850446a 6 City of Tukwila. Tukwila International Boulevard Neighborhood Planning. 2020 https://www.tukwilawa.gov/departments/community-development/community-planning/tukwila-international- boulevard-neighborhood-planning/ 21 T UrKWILA T RANBPOR i ATI'=`FJ E_E`vl: r'; throughout the City who helped identify strategies to achieve the program's goals. The vision of the TUC GTEC program was based on two primary objectives': • Bolster the TUC's market position as a regional shopping center by creating an attractive central destination offering housing, shopping, entertainment, and recreation. Connect dispersed retail activities and provide a convenient, walkable, enjoyable, and varied shopping environment. • Use the (then) planned commuter rail station, Tukwila Transit Center, and other transportation investments as a catalyst to shift development patterns, provide amenities, and create a true center and focal point for the community. More information is available in the plan document: on the City's website. Tukwila Transit Plan Update (2016) Last updated in 2016, Tukwila's Transit Plan was targeted to provide clear guidance for transit planning over ten years by outlining recommendations for short-term actions. The developed recommendations were based on public outreach, thorough analyses of demographic data, planning documents, travel demand, and transit service in Tukwila. This plan recommended the following: • A new express route between Tukwila and Bellevue before the 1-405 BRT is implemented, targeting both Tukwila residents as well as Sounder riders. • Frequency improvements to bus routes serving Tukwila including Rt-124, Rt-150, Rt-128, RapidRide F-Line and A -Line, Rt-156, Rt-906, and Rt-154. • Maintenance of the Hyde Shuttle which serves seniors (55 and over) and people with disabilities. • The provision of options to connect Allentown and Tukwila Community Center. Documented options include shuttle service, subsidized taxi/ transportation network companies (TNC) programs, and a community van program. • Long-term transit services changes, transit priority corridors, transportation demand management and outreach to diverse communities, and a few capital recommendations. City of Tukwila. Tukwila Urban Center Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center Program. 2007 https://www.tukwilawa.gov/wp-content/uploads/DCD-CompPlan-Tukwila GTEC Plan.pdf 22 TUKWILA TRANSPO ATION ELEMENT More information is available in the plan document on the City's website. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Transition Plan (2016) The City of Tukwila established its ongoing commitment as an all-inclusive community, providing equal access for all, through the ADA Self -Evaluation and Transition Plan. As documented in the 2016 draft Plan, the City of Tukwila anticipated the removal of the highest priority barriers within the first two years of the plan's adoption. This is based on the self - assessment, planning -level cost estimates, and available financial resources. The Capital Improvement Program (CIP), allocated $200,000 for 2017 and 2018, but budget constraints in 2019 and 2020 reduced the annual budget to $50,000 per year. The budget was further reduced in 2021 through 2023 due to the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on City revenues. In 2024, the annual budget was increased to $100,000, half of the annual recommended budget. For 2025-2026, it is estimated that an annual budget of $61,000 will be available towards ADA improvements and working to ADA compliance of all capital improvements projects and other City -funded construction. An updated ADA Transition Plan is needed to address the existing needs in light of the funding challenges over the recent years, and to plan to meet the City's objective of addressing all known deficiencies within 20 years.' Incorporation of the ADA Transition plan is expected by 2029. More information is available in the plan document on the City's website. City of Tukwila's Non -Motorized Walk and Roll Plan (2009) In 2009, the City developed Tukwila's first pedestrian and bike planning document, "The Walk and Roll Plan" to implement goals of the Comprehensive Plan and adopt a complete streets approach. The Walk and Roll Plan9 was targeted to ensure that all Tukwila residents know the joy of wandering through the community using trails and sidewalks while also able to experience the sense of accomplishment and freedom associated with the ability to walk or bike to school, to work, to the store, and the library. The following recommendations were outlined in the Plan: • Adoption of bike and pedestrian infrastructure designs 8 City of Tukwila. ADA Transition Plan. 2016 https://www.tukwilawa.gov/wp-content/uploads/PW-ADA-Draft-ADA-Transition-Plan.pdf 9 City of Tukwila. City of Tukwila's Non -Motorized Plan. 2009 https://www.tukwilawa.gov/wp-content/uploads/DCD-Walk-and-Roll-Program.pdf 23 T UrKWIEA T RANSPOR A.TION ELUCvl NI • Designation and adoption of "Bike Friendly Routes" • Continue construction of neighborhood links • More than the minimum for pedestrian safety • Railbanking for the future • Promotion of and participation in biking and walking programs • Identify and fund Walk and Roll projects in the Capital Improvement Program (CIP) More information is available in the plan document on the City's website. Regional Planning Context VISION 2050 (2020) By 2050, the region's population is anticipated to reach 5.8 million. VISION 2050 sets the stage for updates to countywide planning policies and local comprehensive plans, developed by the region's cities and counties, as illustrated in Figure 5.10 The key themes highlighted in VISION 2050 include: • Provide opportunities for all • Increase housing choices and affordability • Sustain a strong economy • Significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions • Keep the region moving • Restore the health of the Puget Sound • Protect a network of open space • Growth in centers and near transit • Act collaboratively and support local efforts Figure 5. Washington State Planning Framework More information is available in the plan document on PSRC's website. 10 Puget Sound Regional Council. VISION 2050. 2020 https://www.psrc.org/sites/defau It/files/2022-02/vision-2050-plan%20%281 %29.pdf 24 King County Countywide Planning Policies (2021) The Countywide Planning Policies (CPPs) implement VISION 2050 by guiding how King County jurisdictions work together and plan for growth. The comprehensive plan for King County and the comprehensive plans for cities and towns in King County are developed from the framework that the CPPs establish. The 2021 CPPs were designed to provide guidance in advance of the 2024 statutory update of comprehensive plans to incorporate changes to the regional policy framework and to reflect new priorities addressing equity and social justice within communities". The 2021 CPPs update was based on the following: • 2012 Countywide Planning Policies • Centering social equity and health • Integrating regional policy and legislative changes • Providing clear, concise, and actionable direction for comprehensive plans • Implementing the Regional Growth Strategy with 2044 growth targets that form the land use basis for periodic comprehensive plan updates More information is available in the plan document on King County's website. Washington State Growth Management Act The State's Growth Management Act (GMA) of 1990 requires communities to prepare a transportation plan that ties directly to the City's land use decisions and financial planning. The updated Transportation Element and Background Report support this GMA mandate for the next 20-year planning cycle. 11 King County. 2021 King County Countywide Planning Policies. 2021 https://kingcounty.gov/—/media/depts/executive/performance-strategy-budget/regional-planning/CPPs/2021-CPPs-Adopted-and- Ratified.ashx?la =en 25 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Chapter 2: Transportation Inventory and Needs Assessment The subsequent sections document the existing transportation networks within the City and discuss identified opportunities for improvement. The Tukwila transportation network accommodates various modes of getting around, including walking, rolling, scootering, biking, riding public transit, driving, and freight and goods movement Street Network Tukwila's street network is comprised of roadways with varying vehicle capacities intended to accommodate various modes of transportation and connect users to local and regional facilities. Streets in Tukwila serve as the foundation of the transportation system, as roadways shape how residents and visitors experience the City. Table 1 and Figure 6 describe and map the functional classification of roadways in Tukwila, respectively. Figure 7 presents posted speed limits on the City's roadway facilities. The City is dedicated to maintaining healthy roadway conditions along its street network through various rehabilitation investments. Based on a pavement condition assessment conducted in 2020 for more than 200 lane miles of City -owned asphalt roadways, Tukwila's roadway network is generally in good condition. The City's roadway network has an average Pavement Condition Index (PCI) of 68 and a backlog (roads rated below a PCI of 40) one of 5.8 percent of the overall network. Notably, the average PCI for Tukwila streets is slightly above the national average of 60-65.12 Because Tukwila's street network is also comprised of state-owned facilities, the City collaborates with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). State-owned roadways in Tukwila include Interstate 5, Interstate 405, and state routes 99, 181, 518, 599, and 900 depicted in Figure 6. 12 City of Tukwila. Pavement Management Program — Analysis Report. 2020 http://records.tukwi lawa.gov/WebLi nk/1 /edoc/332433/TIC%202020-10-05%201tem%202E%20%20Report%20- %202020%20Pavement%20Management%20Program%20Analysis%20Report.pdf 26 Table 1. City of Tukwila Street Functional Classifications Type Description Examples Photo Principal Arterial The primary function of principal arterials is to expedite through -traffic between communities and traffic generated by major shopping and employment centers and serve travel between freeways and lesser classified arterials. Principal arterials carry the highest volume within the City, ranging between 10,000 and 50,000 vehicles per weekday. These roadways generally have sidewalks on both sides, and some have bike facilities. Tukwila International Boulevard, Interurban Avenue S, East Marginal Way S Tukwila International Boulevard Minor Arterial Minor arterials serve inter -community traffic traveling between neighborhoods and principal and collector arterials. These roadways serve smaller geographic areas than principal arterials. Traffic generators served by minor arterials include schools, hospitals, and community business centers. Minor arterial traffic volumes range from 1,500 to 15,000 vehicles per weekday. Southcenter Boulevard, Southcenter Parkway, Strander Boulevard 27 Southcenter Boulevard T1PKWI1A TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Type Description Examples Photo Collector Arterial Collector arterials are designed to serve traffic traveling between access streets and higher classification arterials and primarily serve local traffic of a neighborhood or commercial/industrial area. Collector arterial traffic volumes are generally less than 10,000 vehicles per day. Some collector arterials provide transit service, sidewalks, and bike facilities, but there are gaps in Tukwila's network. S 144th Street, Andover Park W, 42nd Avenue S S 144th Street Local Access Local access roadways connect traffic to arterials, accommodate short trips to neighborhood destinations, and provide local access. Many local access roads lack transit service, sidewalks, and/or bike facilities. S 143rd Street, 56th Avenue S, 40th Avenue S 56th Avenue S Source: Tukwila Municipal Code, City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers. Images are courtesy of Google Maps unless otherwise noted. 28 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 6. Existing Street Functional Classification Map City BuurAnii Perla Inisrstacti)ther Freeway/ Eaprexuay - Arteakil - Molar Arterial Collet -tar A Henn! Lau/ Acuns Functional Classification 2 9 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 7. Existing Speed Limits Map I i r t 0 j 1i1p 9wl1,dely 99 MPH Pats - 15 MPH - 40 MPH 'CID/ ureaep are 25 mph unles€ er+rerwr€e paged mans In school zones ere 24 mph U - 15 MPH - 50 MPH P 1F.5 1 �moui O Speed Limits 30 • Citywide Traffic Volume Trends Due to the challenges and unprecedented travel patterns related to COVID-19, pre -pandemic traffic volume data was utilized for the purposes of developing the Transportation Element. Traffic data the City collected in 2018 was used as a starting place, and supplemented by turning movement count data from location -based services (LBS) and navigation global positioning system (GPS) data from anonymized smartphone and vehicle navigation devices. Based on a review of representative locations in Tukwila, these data sets closely matched up with historical counts, with some discrepancies at locations near freeways. As a result, adjustment factors were developed based on the City's traffic database counts to calibrate turning movement count data from these sources to accurately represent baseline conditions. The City of Tukwila collects and monitors traffic counts at multiple locations across the City monthly to track annual average daily traffic (AADT). As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the busiest locations are Southcenter Boulevard, Boeing Access Road, Southcenter Parkway, and West Valley Highway. Data collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2017 to 2019 at these locations exceeded 25,000 vehicles. Figure 8 and Figure 9 display AADT data from 2020 and 2021. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in abrupt and dramatic changes in travel demand and traffic patterns on all roadway facilities stemming from safety protocols and mass telecommuting. This is reflected in the drop in AADT illustrated in Figure 8 and Figure 9. Data from 2021 show an increase in AADT at study locations; however, travel demand was still less than in pre -pandemic years, which confirms that turning movement count data from 2018 represent a conservative estimate for travel demand. Figure 10 illustrates monthly travel patterns in Tukwila based on total AADT at the count locations. Travel on these corridors peaks during the summer and winter holidays, and volumes are notedly lower in September and October. 31 TLIKWILA TRAM PORTATIr)N ELEMENT Figure 8. Traffic Volume Trends in or near Tukwila Urban Center (2017 - 2021) Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Illil 11111 hii 111,1 liii' Iiiii Illil Klickitat Drive 1700 Southcenter Andover Park South 180th S 200th Street w/o 53rd Southcenter Boulevard w/o West s/o Street w/o e/o Orillia Road Avenue Parkway 61st Avenue Strander Green River Bridge Boulevard ■ 2017 ■ 2018 ■ 2019 ■ 2020 ■ 2021 Source: City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers. 2022. West Valley Highway s/o Longacres Way Figure 9. Traffic Volume Trends in Study Locations Across Tukwila (2017 - 2021) Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Interurban Avenue n/o Gateway Drive Interurban Avenue n/o Fort Dent Way ■ 2017 Source: City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers. 2022. East Marginal Way s/o S 126th Street East Marginal Way s/o 94th Avenue ■ 2018 ■ 2019 ■ 2020 ■ 2021 mil Tukwila International Boulevard n/o S 139th Street Boeing Access Road e/o E Marginal Way 32 1 Figure 10. Monthly Travel Patterns in Tukwila Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers. 2022. Existing Traffic Conditions 2018 2019 The performance of vehicle congestion at intersections within Tukwila is measured using a standard state -of -the -practice methodology known as level of service (LOS). LOS represents the degree of congestion at an intersection based on the average delay per vehicle at a controlled intersection, such as a traffic signal or stop sign. Individual LOS grades are assigned on a letter scale, A through F, with LOS A representing free -flow conditions with no delay and LOS F representing highly congested conditions with long delays, as described in Table 2 and illustrated in Figure 11. Table 2 shows the definition of each LOS grade detailed in the 6th edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology, which is based on average control delay per vehicle. The methodology captures the average delay for all vehicles entering the intersection and prescribes how the average delay is measured at different types of intersections: signalized and stop - controlled intersections. Signalized intersections have higher delay thresholds compared with 33 T i f K V Y I L A T R A N S Y :_r i (1. I I '_' I'i L_ L F•i ; h.; two-way and all -way stop -controlled intersections. When calculating LOS at two-way stop - controlled intersections, the delay from the most congested movement is reported and used. Table 2. Intersection Level of Service (LOS) Criteria Level of Service Signalized Intersection Unsignalized Intersection Delay (seconds) Delay (seconds) A <_10 0-10 >10-20 >10-15 C >20-35 >15-25 >35-55 >25-35 E >55-80 >35-50 F >80 >50 Source: Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 6th Edition Figure 11. Intersection Level of Service • Alliglifika"1.1°11411WM. LOS A-O Intersection 0 perati om: Free flaw Payee cr#Detail; Kegllglble L 11,-ArE. Inieraectroo OPrratlo Lct.s t.:_L 1:' IL,y, UrgteFr of Defleey: :LClS1a ilc !..7'J: LOS E Inteereactlan Dpuration: iiristar,k flew awn t of l?day: 4u7stantlal dNauw LOSF In[ersectJoe Operation: rJri prt dir table Iluw1 mail through muIGpPr r yCle6 Degree of Beim xcess oe driys Source: Fehr & Peers. 34 T UrKWILA T RANSPOR A.TION ELEMENT The City's adopted LOS standard requires that roadways and intersections within City limits adhere to the following3: Southcenter Area • The Southcenter area corridor average is not to exceed LOS E, except for the Strander Boulevard corridor and a portion of the Andover Park East corridors. • The Strander Boulevard corridor average is not to exceed LOS F, with an average delay not to exceed 120 seconds. The Andover Park East corridor, between Tukwila Parkway and Strander Boulevard, is not to exceed LOS F, with an average delay not to exceed 120 seconds. The S 180th Street corridor, between Southcenter Parkway and SR 181 (West Valley Highway) is not to exceed LOS F, with an average delay not to exceed 150 seconds. • SR 181 (West Valley Highway) is not to exceed LOS E/Mitigated per WSDOT standards as a State highway of regional significance. Outside of Southcenter • All other non-residential arterial intersections are not to exceed LOS E. • The LOS of minor and collector arterials in predominantly residential areas is not to exceed LOS D for each specific arterial. • As State highway of regional significance, SR 181 (West Valley Highway), SR 99, and SR 599 are subject to a Regional Level of Service Standard established by the Puget Sound Regional Council and WSDOT. The automobile level of service is not to exceed LOS E/Mitigated. • As State highways of regional significance, I-5, 1-405, and SR 518 are subject to a LOS standard established by WSDOT. The automobile level of service is not to exceed LOS D. Vehicle LOS in Tukwila was evaluated at 54 study intersections (38 signalized and 16 unsignalized) and 11 corridors (comprised of 24 representative intersection locations) presented in Figure 12 and Figure 13. The selection of the study intersections was based on previously identified locations with congestion and geographic spread. This approach has been used in various City efforts including the 2015 Comprehensive Plan and the 2018 Concurrency Study. 35 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 12. Study Intersections (• 1 11 *kr, Y I O CI vie., {Irv9curldalp f 7S'rn 1/1I4PxsSbm Study Intersections 36 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 13. Study Corridors et •••• ..-• b 0:15 • ....... ily Boundary • Study I nterseaions C---) Study Corridors N Corridor ID PP Study Coaid Ors 37 -1.1I.: I.. E* 15•! .F -r�TI C•! Er,;; Citywide Traffic Conditions Figure 14 shows vehicle LOS, which reflects how the study intersections operate today based on an existing traffic operations analysis conducted using the Synchro version 11 software package. Detailed vehicle LOS and delay results for each intersection are provided in Appendix C. 38 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 14: Existing PM Peak Hour LOS in Tukwila IP M.5 .4'""2 2 • r ▪ : s! E • n fl 7Y1.1eE • Lewd al Siar.ine Los. .c 1.17E 1:1 • LIM E • LQF Study Inter section5 - PM Peak Hour LOS 39 T L3KWILA T RANSPOR i A.TION EEEMEl' The City's intersection LOS policy only applies to intersections outside the Southcenter area. These study intersections currently operate acceptably under existing conditions during the PM peak hour except at the following location: • Southcenter Boulevard / 1-405 SB Off -ramp (LOS F with an average delay of 92 seconds) Other notable intersections outside the Southcenter area include: • South 116th Street / East Marginal Way (LOS E with an average delay of 39 seconds) For specifically WSDOT facilities, only the following intersection does not meet the regional LOS standard established by the Puget Sound Regional Council and WSDOT: • Southcenter Boulevard / West Valley Highway (LOS F with an average delay of 80 seconds) exceeds the LOS E/Mitigated standard. Urban Center Traffic Conditions The roadway network within the Southcenter area is understood to have non-traditional peak periods due to retail travel patterns. The 11 study corridors depicted in Figure 13 were evaluated to understand traffic conditions in the Southcenter area during several peak periods as shown in Figure 15 through Figure 18. The analysis periods include weekdays and weekends during midday and PM peak hours. The weekend analysis periods are of particular interest to capture regional ingress and egress traffic to Southcenter. There are markedly higher traffic volumes in Southcenter during weekends compared to weekdays, with increases ranging from 10 percent to 20 percent. Detailed Synchro/ SimTraffic microsimulation informed the corridor analysis assessments. As illustrated in Figure 15 through Figure 18, the study corridors operate acceptably during all the evaluated analysis periods and meet the City's corridor LOS standards. The corridors operate at LOS E or better during all studied time periods. Noteworthy intersections along these corridors include: • Southcenter Boulevard / 61 st Avenue South (LOS F with an average delay of 98 seconds under weekend mid -day conditions) • Southcenter Boulevard / West Valley Highway (LOS F with an average delay of 83 seconds under weekend PM conditions) 40 T U K V Y I L A T R A N S I I '_= I'i E_ L F.iI L I'; • South 180th Street / West Valley Highway (LOS E with an average delay of 70 seconds under weekend mid -day conditions) • South 180th Street / Andover Park East (LOS E with an average delay of 70 seconds under weekend mid -day conditions) Tables with detailed vehicle LOS and delay results for each intersection and corridor are exhibited in Appendix B and Appendix C. 41 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 15. Existing (2018) - Weekday Mid -day Peak Hour LOS L___: City Boundary * Study IntPrsecuor r Corridor ICI Carridpr Wier of 5#Mc. A C -f Existing 2018 Weekday Midday LOS 42 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 16. Existing (2018) - Weekday PM Peak Hour LOS --; City Boundary + Study Intersections ■ CorridarID Corridor Level of Service Existing 2018 Weekday PM LOS 43 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 17. Existing (2018) - Weekend Mid -day Peak Hour LOS FT.: -City Boundary • Study Intersections Corridor ID Corridor Lem of Sawxic# A-C U E -F Existing 2018 Weekend Middy L05 44 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 18. Existing (2018) - Weekend PM Peak Hour LOS .J Ci y #oundiry • SLdy InIol9btklahF I Ccmdfx.IL {arNdnrL vekeel3erytei A-C u F Existing 2018 Weekend PM LOS 45 Existing Facilities and Future Needs for Walking and Rolling Walking and rolling are essential ways people get around Tukwila. Walking and rolling often precedes and concludes trips by other modes. Planning safe and effective pedestrian infrastructure can make these trips easier, cheaper, and more convenient. Pedestrian infrastructure includes a range of treatments spanning from sidewalks, curb cuts, and crosswalks to trails and shared -use paths. An example of supportive pedestrian infrastructure in Tukwila are pedestrian -actuated Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB), which are located along several corridors, including Tukwila International Boulevard, as shown in Figure 19. Most principal and minor arterials in the City of Tukwila have sidewalk facilities on one or both sides. However, sidewalk facilities tend to be limited to these street designations with many residential areas in Tukwila lacking sidewalks and connectivity across barriers such as 1-5. Figure 20 displays the existing sidewalk network within City limits. Following the adoption of Tukwila's 2009 Walk and Roll Plan, many pedestrian facilities have been constructed13 including: What does "rolling" include? "Rolling" refers to methods of using pedestrian facilities other than walking. This includes the use of wheelchairs, strollers, mobility devices, and bicycles. Sidewalks, trails, and other pedestrian facilities accommodate those who walk as well as those who rely on mobility devices. Figure 19. Crosswalk and RRFBs along Tukwila International Boulevard Source: Fehr & Peers. 2022 • Cascade View Elementary Safe Routes to School Trail • Sidewalk in front of Aviation High School • Sidewalk on South 150th Street (Thorndyke Elementary Safe Routes to School) • Sidewalks on Interurban Avenue South • Sidewalks on Tukwila International Boulevard 13 City of Tukwila. Walk & Roll Program. https://www.tukwilawa.gov/departments/community-development/walk-roll-program 46 TLJK IEA TRAhNSPOR A TION ELEMENT • Sidewalks on Southcenter Parkway (south of South 180th Street) • Sidewalks on Southcenter Boulevard (east of 1-5) These projects demonstrate Tukwila's long-standing commitment to multimodal connectivity. 47 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 20. Existing Walking and Rolling Network • 11 '111.11. (1 ' City Bo w:1w Parks i IS —I II 11') I 0 Sidewalks and Trails 48 Pedestrian Network Connectivity The walking and rolling facilities in the City of Tukwila have room to improve overall network connectivity. As noted, residential areas in Tukwila have limited access to sidewalks. This poses a challenge for those relying on pedestrian facilities to reach key destinations such as neighborhood shopping or transit stops. Filling gaps in the network can make the current facilities more functional throughout the City. In addition, many transit stops in the City are not well connected to the sidewalk network. This poses an issue as most transit riders access stops using the pedestrian network. People may resort to walking in travel lanes or on a narrow shoulder, which poses a safety concern. Improving Tukwila's pedestrian network connectivity will, in turn, improve the ability of users of the current infrastructure to reach more destinations. Existing Facilities and Future Needs for Biking Biking often facilitates longer trips than walking or rolling with similar benefits to the environment, individuals, and the community. There are a variety of different biking infrastructure types that can appeal to cyclists with varying levels of experience and confidence. In addition to bikes, other wheeled users include scooters, Figure 21. Bike lane along Southcenter skateboards, and inline skates. These users tend to use infrastructure geared towards both pedestrians and cyclists, such as shared use paths. A wide range of bicycle facilities is important to ensure that people who bike at all levels can make use of the network. This includes both advanced bicyclists who are comfortable interacting with moving vehicles as well as bicyclists who prefer separated facilities. Bike facilities currently found in Tukwila include bike lanes (example in Figure 21), sharrows, shared -use paths/trails, and designated bike routes. Tukwila currently maintains over six miles of dedicated bike lanes along seven segments. Tukwila's existing bike network is shown in Figure 22. While there are bike lanes on some key roadways, such as sections of Southcenter Boulevard, East Marginal Way South, 42nd Avenue South, Baker Boulevard, Orillia Road South, among other roads, there Boulevard Source: Fehr & Peers. 2022 49 T UK W ILA TRANSPORT! A TION EEUMENI I are many gaps in the bike network. These lanes are not connected to each other nor to local shared -use paths. Following the adoption of Tukwila's 2009 Walk and Roll Plan, the following bike facilities have been constructed by private developers or the City14: • Cascade View Elementary Safe Routes to School Trail • Bike lane on South 112th Street. • Bike lanes and sharrows on East Marginal Way • Bike lanes on ramps to/from Airport Way South • Bike lanes on Southcenter Boulevard (east of 1-5) • Bike lanes on Baker Boulevard • Two-way cycle track on Longacres Way • Bike lane and sharrow on 42nd Ave S 14 City of Tukwila. Walk & Roll Program. https://www.tukwilawa.gov/departments/community-development/walk-roll-program 50 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 22. Existing Bike Network city Rouidary Park Erniirg Bike Lames Sh.vnewi. - Paiis Exi5tng Eike FaciLitiCI 51 TIrKI+IP.", Tp h.iC p 1=.3; ATIr .d E_%r„IJ—P. r Bike Network Connectivity The overall network connectivity of bike facilities in the City of Tukwila can improve. There are several roadway segments with bike facilities, however they are currently disjointed. The connection between bike lanes in Tukwila to local shared -use paths and trails is limited. This limits the ability of cyclists to reach desired destinations utilizing designated bike facilities. Expanding and upgrading Tukwila's bike network connectivity will provide more options for people who bike to reach their desired destinations using their preferred type of bicycle facility. 52 Existing and Future Transit Needs This section provides an overview of the transit services currently providing service to and from Tukwila, how these services are utilized, and where there may be additional demand for service in the area. System Overview King County Metro (Metro) offers five traditional fixed -route services, two RapidRide routes, one Demand Area Response (DART) route, and Metro Flex on -demand service within the City of Tukwila. Sound Transit provides light rail service on the 1 Line to Tukwila International Boulevard Station and Sounder commuter rail service to Tukwila Station. The highest ridership activity occurs at two locations that are served by multiple lines and modes: • Tukwila International Boulevard Station, served by local bus, RapidRide, and the 1 Line. Average daily boardings in March 2024 for Link light rail were 2,244and bus boardings were 2,472 for a total of 4,716 at the station. • Tukwila Transit Center near Southcenter Mall, served by local bus and RapidRide F Line. Passengers can connect to the Tukwila Sounder station to the east using the RapidRide F Line. Average daily boardings in this location during March 2024 were 1,414. The characteristics of these services are summarized in Figure 23. 53 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 23. Existing Transit Serving Tukwila (2023) ET; cikyAair.deiv NrN� i.unri.l 11lIk1I5� I IrM Si11IKIn4 twkrwPxkonaHia� - KCM L-ccul R u ,i Ik+o-Idfldp - Sour'1■r Ni Lmr (;UIRnUinl IL 1 - ILin* IIiLLM1I Existing Transit Options 54 Service Frequency and Availability Transit service in Tukwila operates with a range of service frequencies and availability depending on corridor. There are four frequent service bus routes in Tukwila that have service every 15- minute service from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. on weekdays, including RapidRide A, RapidRide F, Route 124, and Route 150. Route 193 is a commuter express route that only operates during commute times in the peak direction to/from First Hill in Seattle. Route 150 serves Kent and Southcenter before becoming an express route to Downtown Seattle. Routes 156 and 128 serve Tukwila locally including Tukwila International Boulevard, Southcenter, and Interurban Ave South. These routes tend to serve the area with lower frequencies compared to rapid transit options. The 1 Line light rail additionally serves Tukwila International Boulevard Station every 8-10 minutes on weekdays. Sound Transit also operates the Sounder South (S Line) commuter rail through Tukwila Station, connecting to Lakewood, Tacoma, Puyallup, Sumner, Auburn Kent, and Seattle with 13 round trips per day on weekdays only. All transit modes serving Tukwila are outlined in Table 3, alongside current service frequencies and spans of service. Table 3. Service Characteristics by Route Route Frequency of Service Weekday Span of Service Weekend AM/PM Peak Evening Midday (6A-9A, 3P- (9A-3P) (After Saturday Sunday Weekday Saturday Sunday 7P) 7P) Route 124 15 15 30 30 30 4:54 AM- 4:21 AM 5:49 AM- 4:24AM 5:53 AM- 4:22 AM Route 128 20 20 30 30 30 4:50 AM- 1:12AM 6:02 AM- 1:03 AM 6:03 AM- 1:13 AM Route 150 15 15 30 15-30 15-30 4:45 AM 3:03AM 5:07 AM- 3:01 AM 5:52 AM- 3:06 AM Route 156 30 30 30 60 60 5:03 AM-5:25 11:26 PM AM-5:28 11:00 PM AM - 10:47 PM Route 193x 20 - 30 - - 5:21 AM - AM- 8:50 AM 3:09PM- 8:32 PM RapidRide A 10 10 10* 10* 10* 24 Hr 24 Hr 24 Hr RapidRide F 15 15 15* 15* 15* 4:44 AM- 12:44 AM 5:59 AM- 12:44 AM 6:00 AM- 12:48 AM 55 TUKWiLA TRANS' Frequency of Service Weekday AM/PM Peak Evening Midday (6A-9A, 3P- (9A-3P) (After 7P) 7P) Weekend Span of Service Weekday Saturday Sunday Saturday Sunday DART 906* 20-30 30 30 60 60 4:45 AM 11:51 PM 8:20AM 6:59 PM 8:20 AM 6:57 PM Sounder South (S Line) 20-30 - 20-30 - - 4:36 AM - 11:22 AM 2:35 PM- 7:46 PM Special Events Only Special Events Only 1 Line 8 10 8 10 10 4:11 AM- 2:14 AM 4:11 AM- 2:14 AM 5:06 AM- 1:05 AM Metro Flex On -Demand On-On-On-On-5 Demand Demand Demand Demand AM-1 AM 5 AM-1 AM 6 AM 12 AM * Some late -night trips may exceed maximum frequency listed High Frequency Transit During peak travel times on weekdays, there are four services that provide 15-minute or better frequency: • Metro Route 150 a Service between Kent and Downtown Seattle • Metro RapidRide A Line o Service between Federal Way Transit Center and Tukwila International Boulevard Station • Metro RapidRide F Line o Service between Burien and Renton • Sound Transit 1 Line o Service between Angle Lake and Northgate via Downtown Seattle 56 -IIki,,+I -F .15•!=;t-ATI,.C.i E=L`•fl: h;; Local Route Frequency During peak travel times on weekdays, Routes 124, 128, and 156 provide service at 30-minute frequencies or better. These routes serve local stops in Tukwila in addition to serving surrounding communities and Downtown Seattle. • Metro Route 124 o Service between Tukwila International Boulevard Station and Downtown Seattle • Metro Route 128 o Service between North Admiral (West Seattle) and Southcenter Mall • Metro Route 156 o Service between Highline College (Des Moines) and Southcenter Mall On Demand Services During off-peak times when service is not as frequent on local routes, Tukwila residents are able to use two different on -demand services to transport them to stops with more service and higher frequencies. Dial -A -Ride Transit (DART) is a service operated by King County Metro that operates within communities that have a need for more flexible service due to lower population density, greater distances, and fewer available fixed route options. DART Route 906 serves Tukwila every hour or better and can deviate from its route by request to allow for residents to make connections to other transit options or their home. Metro Flex is an on -demand service that is available within a defined boundary of Tukwila. Metro Flex allows anyone within the defined service area to hail a ride using a mobile app or phone call for transportation to a transit stop with frequent service. In Tukwila, Metro Flex can be used within the defined area to provide transportation to Tukwila International Boulevard Station and the Tukwila Community Center. 57 TG.rKl.+ILA TRA.N.^O^T rTh E_U.ilrNIF Ridership and Productivity Boarding activity in Tukwila is highest at Tukwila International Boulevard Station, with average daily boardings of 4,716 in March 2024 (bus and light rail combined). The next highest boarding activity is at the Tukwila Transit Center located west of Southcenter Mall. The Southcenter area is a large employment hub served by three local routes and the RapidRide F line. The Sound Transit Sounder Station on the east side of the Southcenter area has lower ridership than both Tukwila International Boulevard Station and the Tukwila Transit Center. Figure 24 shows average daily boardings for these heavily utilized stations and other stops in Tukwila. Outside of larger transit hubs, the Tukwila International Blvd corridor has notable ridership activity, especially near the intersection of S 144th Street which is located near Tukwila Village, Foster High School, and residential neighborhoods. 58 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 24. Average Daily Boardings by Stop ■mil Wik Light Rai nation �,0 Sounder Slaw hard[ Scundx run �- uraL Yan - RaR1e - rvgCeumy Ira ns5b,r.,ryTuMhl� Average Daily Weekday Boardings (March 2024) aa.c tra fault( II.r,u Iftrii4 !wad l,.,ai 4131.41 59 TUKWILA IRA' 1'4 r' DTI ='C! E_L`v1: !'.1 Figure 25 shows the average weekday boardings for each route serving the City of Tukwila, as well as the percentage of ridership that occurs within Tukwila and outside the City limits. The RapidRide F line, which provides rapid bus service between Burien and Renton, generates almost half of its ridership from Tukwila boardings. This activity indicates strong demand for east -west travel, with Tukwila being a major origin/destination. Figure 25. Average Weekday Ridership by Route Operating in Tukwila (2021) RapidRide A Line RapidRide F Line Route 150 33% Route 128 Route 124 Route 156 mj 33% Route 906* ■ Route 193X 16% 84% 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 Average Weekday Boardings • Non -Tukwila Boardings • Boardings in Tukwila 85% 15% 53% 67% 66% 69% Source: King County Metro, 2020 * Route 906 ridership could not be evaluated by stop and represents all boarding activity inside and outside of Tukwila Route level productivity, calculated as boardings per revenue hour, is displayed in Figure 26. Route productivity provides a measure of service efficiency and shows which routes are most effective at attracting ridership per unit of service. The RapidRide A Line has nearly double the productivity of any other route serving Tukwila. The A Line operates between Tukwila International Boulevard Station and Federal Way Transit Center and serves as an important transit connection for residents to access 1 Line light rail for regional travel and connections to other services. Route 193 carries 16 passengers per trip, which is a better measure of utilization 60 1.1 K k':+ I _ di t R r.1 E , for peak commute type routes as it shows seat utilization and is not being compared with the metrics of all -day routes. Figure 26. Peak Period Productivity by Route Operating in Tukwila (2021) 35.0 30.0 3 25.0 0 5 20.0 a) cc ,, 15.0 on c Ya 0 m 10.0 5.0 0.0 5.6 7.1 9.5 12 12.2 14.4 15.7 29.4 Route 156 Route 193 Route 128 Route 906 Route 150 Route 124 Rapid Ride F Rapid Ride A On -Time Performance On -time performance largely impacts the reliability of a transit service and can drive passenger decision making about using transit. Figure 27 displays the percentage of bus trips arriving late to stops during the full year of 2021, early departure data was not available. King County Metro considers buses on -time if they arrive to a stop up to 1.5 minutes before the scheduled time and up to 5.5 minutes after the scheduled departure. Route 128, RapidRide A, and Route 124 have the highest amount of late trips of any bus service that operates within Tukwila. Routes 193, 156, and 150 operate with the lowest number of trips arriving late. 61 TUKWILA TRANSr O ATION ELEM[Nli Figure 27. Percent of Late Arrivals by Route Operating in Tukwila (Fall 2020) 20.0% 5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 5.6% 5.9% 12.9% 14.4% 17.5% 20.1% Route 193 Route 156 Route 150 Rapid Ride F Route 124 Rapid Ride A Route 128 Metro Flex Service Origins and Destinations Metro Flex is an on -demand service from King County Metro that connects riders to transit and community hubs that may not be well served by fixed -route or rail service. This analysis shows the predominant ridership patterns of the service. October 2021 ridership patterns are illustrated in Figure 28. The predominant travel patterns are to and from Tukwila International Boulevard Station. 62 TLIKWILA TRAM PORTATInN ELEMENT Figure 28. Metro Flex Trip Direction and Popularity trT s zaaw v h+ iw. ti Tdpc 5wOwe. �n 35•5P 51•P5 — 4a• *a Mi. Over 1D' Metro Flex Trip Patterns (October 2021) 63 T UrK W ILA TRANSPORT! A TION ELEMENT In October 2021, there were 836 Metro Flex trips in Tukwila, of which there were 24 unique origin and destination pairs. The most common pairing provided service between Tukwila International Boulevard Station and a block group approximately 1.5 miles north containing a mix of housing densities and commercial activity including King County Metro's South Base. This pairing accounted for 20% of all 836 trips. The block group is defined at the south near Foster High School and to the north by the Duwamish River. It includes residential neighborhoods north of the school and isolated areas near the Duwamish. Popularity of this trip may be influenced by the King County Metro base and employees potentially using the service. The block group also contains isolated residential areas with limited pedestrian infrastructure, making it difficult to walk to a fixed route bus stop. This aligns with Metro Flex's goal of improving transit access in harder to reach areas. The second most popular trip pair made up 17% of total ridership, providing service between Tukwila International Boulevard Station and a block group two miles northwest of the station bounded by Tukwila International Boulevard to the west, S 139th St to the south, E Marginal Way to the east, and the Duwamish River to the north. The southern half of the area is residential while the northern half is warehouse commercial near Highway 599. The Tukwila Community Center, which is not on regular bus service, generated only 33 Metro Flex trips. There are also several trips outside of the Tukwila boundary, which is allowed under Metro Flex policy if the requesting passenger is eligible for Access, King County Metro's paratransit service. Time of Day Evaluation Over a sample of 30 days of Metro Flex data, the largest number of requests for rides were during the afternoon peak period, from approximately 3 pm to 6 pm. From the location -based analysis of Metro Flex t trips, trips at the most popular times of day indicate the service being used to connect employees to regional transportation options and Tukwila residents from high frequency transit hubs to home locations. Figure 29 displays the number of Metro Flex trips during the afternoon rush hour. Metro Flex in Tukwila appears to function primarily as a first/last mile connection during common commute times. The service is also used as an early morning and late -night connection to transit when frequencies are lower, but with fewer riders than during the peak period. 64 1 Figure 29. Metro Flex Rides Provided by Time of Day (October 2021) Via to Transit Rides 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 iilliiiiii II.... Q < < < < < < a a a a a a a a a a a a �n io N. 00 m o c'l cal m In D N 00 rn o Time of Day Market Analysis Travel Patterns The employment related travel patterns to and from Tukwila were evaluated using 2019 Longitudinal Employer -Household Dynamics (LEHD) data, a product from the U.S. Census. Data that is aggregated at the Census tract level. Figure 30 and Figure 31 display work or home locations by point density. Each point represents ten commute destinations or home locations. Tukwila Residents Work Destination Tukwila residents primarily commute within King and Pierce counties, with only a handful of employment locations further away. Large employment clusters can be seen in downtown Seattle, Renton, SeaTac Airport, and commercial areas adjacent to the 1-5 corridor. Transit service from Tukwila to downtown Seattle is fast and frequent by utilizing Link light rail or Route 150 from areas surrounding Tukwila International Boulevard Station or Tukwila Transit Center. Tukwila residents additionally have access to frequent east/west travel with RapidRide F line 65 E _ [ F.iI i_ N which serves employment centers in Southcenter and Renton. Residents may face slower commutes by car or local bus to reach stops with frequent and regional service. 66 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 30. Employment Locations of Tukwila Residents ""' Cali &aund•V :5rr13 ph • • ■ I • F • ••• . . ■ I ti �uiSIfJ11 • :.1 I. .+ 7rr * • J *• I • • PE" ▪ *" "' • i # • . + PIS • Sw7u�; a i .� Irk lard • a ux 4rt • Ken 11 rndrar V,Liy 1 bola !OJpi■ • Dritplorwrir44rl1r.+114'lTLIk.{IlR+J a • ■ r 4 I' ■ Cstirn[nn• 4.51 2 (5.Xlin Employment Locations of Tukwila Residents (2019) �#r tiF {VTR I [SIP IP.171 67 —I.'k'b+I...15•! .F -r'TI C! E_�-`�I: h;; Tukwila Employee Home Origins Commuters into Tukwila live throughout King, Pierce, and Kitsap County. The largest concentration of Tukwila commuters live in South Seattle, West Seattle, Federal Way, and unincorporated King County southeast of Renton. Except for unincorporated areas of King County, employees that work in Tukwila have access from surrounding communities to three large transit stations, Tukwila International Boulevard Station, Tukwila Transit Center, and Tukwila Station. These three stations can be accessed by utilizing Link Light Rail, Sounder S Line, RapidRide A or F line, and routes 124, 128, and 156. 68 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 31. Home Locations of Workers Employed in Tukwila a • a • L...Jrk.it Sunday pm • • Al+o.aline • •4. OI■ •a• PCrll y*4 + erreal1 + Luvrulrb y,rili ull4 • + • ! i % ! 141rllor=1 - •*• •Ato • .ti • + udm4 w• + a F + • i •i #+.! • AIR Pohl' cIyoeHill • . !,4 •4 inn •U _ + ,13.11a.:1$ i• 4. 4. nrt1#. o• •- }; fxlw•.:ouhr .• • . ,• rnrorrdy In :▪ . 4 • f. ;+% . . i i •• t 1041 .1 .' } 11 1" • .. ! r . 1 • ▪ r, ISY..b h..•rni�• + , 7• �4 . �EC� W � ' �,x216rnlly. l y � . " • .reo F:• . • ' # �••4'.' • '.Flv.11il • • + .4 1 Dig . 14 itisali Ars Flom. Locahorx .0.114.3pla Enplayed In 7u4wI1 l r,lunll • r Fil.JLIaII !• } • i I •a. - ! . • • •ih, r_ ra44�1ey ! .• • a7.1.7. 3• • i • • • HI4L • • •= a , 0 ri It` -Fri • • Home Locations of Workers Employed in Tukwila (October 2019) . pt. 71G {7^A1 CIIU li1L;91 69 TUKWIEA T RAhJsr' C. S DTI =`C! E_I_`•fli !J Refer to Appendix D for an overview of the transit services to and from Tukwila, how these services are utilized, where there may be additional demand for service in the area, and recommendations for City policy, and actions to be taken. Freight and Truck Mobility Freight plays a critical role in the economic vitality of Tukwila as businesses and residents rely on freight shipped via trucks. Truck sizes range from light -duty commercial vans, "single -unit trucks" for package delivery or moving, and garbage trucks that navigate through neighborhoods to large semi -truck trailers connecting to local businesses and Tukwila's Manufacturing/ Industrial Center (MIC). Tukwila's MIC is one of four regional MICs in King County targeted to preserve and enhance manufacturing and industrial activity, facilitating freight transportation and substantial employment opportunities. Trucks delivering wholesale and retail goods, business supplies, and building materials throughout Tukwila contribute to and are impacted by traffic congestion. The City partners with regional agencies and the State to build and maintain Freight and Goods Transportation System (FGTS) routes. Designated FGTS routes aim to prevent heavy truck traffic on lower -volume streets and promote the use of adequately designed roadways. The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) classifies roadways using five freight tonnage classifications described in Table 4. Table 4. WSDOT FGTS Classification Freight Corridor Description T-1 More than 10 million tons of freight per year T-2 Between 4 million and 10 million tons of freight per year T-3 Between 300,000 and 4 million tons of freight per year T-4 Between 100,000 and 300,000 tons of freight per year T-5 At least 20,000 tons of freight in 60 days and less than 100,000 tons per year Source: WSDOT Washington State Freight and Goods Transportation System (FGTS) 2021 Update, 2021 70 TUKWILA TRANSPOR ATI'='FJ E_E`•fl: hN; Multiple roadways in various parts of the City are designated as T-2 and T-3 corridors. Figure 32Error! Reference source not found. presents an example of a T-3 corridor in Tukwila. As shown in Figure 33, Interstate 5 and Interstate 405, which are part of the national Interstate Highway system, are T-1 corridors that run through Tukwila and facilitate the transportation of more than 10 million tons of freight per year. Other T-1 corridors include State Route 599, West Valley Highway, Orillia Road South, East Marginal Way South from Interurban Avenue South to South Boeing Access Road, and South Boeing Access Road from East Marginal Way to Martin Luther King Junior Way South. Figure 32. T-3 Corridor — S 129th Street Bridge Source: Fehr & Peers. 2022 In addition to truck routes, railroad tracks owned by Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) and Union Pacific (UP) run north -south through Tukwila, as shown in Figure 33. These rail networks carry international and domestic cargo to the inland market and serve the Port of Seattle to the north and the Port of Tacoma to the south. There are various ongoing efforts by the City to balance freight mobility and community needs, including the Allentown Truck Reroute Project, which is proposing alternative routes for freight truck traffic that currently uses the Allentown neighborhood to access BNSF Railway's South Seattle Intermodal Facility. 71 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 33. Freight Routes I 4 alp- rid id.id I. ahl IIYr,Ir�I lAp.r B f l NI 1 Li o flip W.17uy Mai huN E.OdhhIY - ii — h j h0.1h 11IiA1 j h,iIRI t1h •IMIIi III CPn* ▪ hfyM wYmwplpp F1111M I oh Freight Routes 72 —i'k'b+I' -—F4.15•!=;t s TIL_,C.J E_L`•fli h.;; Safety The ultimate goal of traveling is to arrive safely at a destination, regardless of the mode of transportation used. The City of Tukwila has several programs dedicated to ensuring the safety of its transportation system users, including the Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP), Safe Routes to School (SRTS) and a Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program (NTCP). The LRSP, to be adopted in 2025, includes an analysis of existing conditions and systemic safety concerns to determine Figure 34. Speed Cushions in Tukwila recommended improvements on Tukwila streets. Tukwila's SRTS program is part of a national movement to make it easier and safer for students to walk or bike to school. Speeding and unnecessary through -traffic in neighborhoods create safety hazards on residential streets; therefore, the NTCP program was developed to improve the livability of the local streets and residential collectors using traffic calming. An example of a traffic calming measure is shown in Figure 34. Source: Fe r & Peers. 2022 The City's collision data from 2017 to 2021 obtained from WSDOT was analyzed to identify safety hotspots and overall collision trends in Tukwila. Five years of collision data was analyzed to understand overarching patterns: vehicle collisions with bicyclists, with pedestrians, and with other vehicles. Over the five-year time period, collision counts in Tukwila have generally decreased. Data from 2020 showed an increase in collisions that resulted in serious injuries and fatalities despite a notable drop in the number of collisions across all three modes that year. This is potentially related to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, at which times drivers experienced less congestion on roadways and could travel at higher speeds. It is critical to consider that vehicle -pedestrian collisions have substantially higher proportions of serious injuries and fatalities as compared to other modes, hovering around 40 percent since 2019. This is substantially higher than the rate among vehicle -vehicle collisions, where killed or seriously injured (KSI) collisions typically make up approximately two percent of collisions. However, in 2020, serious injuries and fatalities resulted from slightly over four percent of vehicle -vehicle collisions. Overall, vulnerable road users in Tukwila, including cyclists and 73 TLJKWIEA TRANSPORT! ❑TION ELEMENT pedestrians, face higher rates of negative outcomes of collisions as compared to rates among vehicle -only collisions. Vehicle -Vehicle Involved Collisions While collisions have generally decreased over the period of 2017 to 2021, Tukwila experienced a significant decline in collisions in 2020. As shown in Figure 35, the number of collisions involving only vehicles in 2021 increased from 2020 but remained at a level lower than 2019. The top three causes recorded, for vehicle -vehicle collisions that reported a cause, were driver distraction/inattention (24%), failure to yield/did not grant right of way (15%), and improper turning (9%). A heat map of vehicle -vehicle collisions from 2017-2021 is provided in Figure 36. The reported vehicle -vehicle collisions are concentrated in the Southcenter area, as well as along Tukwila International Boulevard. These areas have speed limits of 35 miles per hour which may contribute to elevated rates of collisions. Collisions resulting in fatalities are spread throughout the City, with several fatalities resulting from collisions along South Boeing Access Road, where the speed limit is 40 miles per hour. Higher speeds can result in worse outcomes from collisions. 74 • Figure 35. Vehicle -Vehicle Involved Collisions in Tukwila Collision Count Notes 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 I I 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 • Fatality Suspected Serious Injury Suspected Minor Injury Possible Injury _ No Apparent Injury • Unknown * Vehicle -vehicle collisions include vehicle crashes that do not involve pedestrians or cyclists. This does include crashes with standing objects. Source: WSDOT, Fehr & Peers. 2022. 75 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 36. Vehicle -Vehicle Involved Collisions Heat Map, 2017-2021 1 I' I GIy Auurdwy ria • 43. 6 lr]WTp. N115 ■ Filial Cdll!lw+ ■ petted Serious Injury • 0 • (In• 0 ialbl.i Grr.hy I�r High Vehicle -Vehicle Involved Collisions Heat Map 76 • }! Vehicle -Bike Involved Collisions There were no fatalities as a result of a vehicle -bike collision in Tukwila between 2017 and 2021. However, more than 80 percent of vehicle -bike collisions resulted in some form of injury (serious injury, minor injury, or possible injury). Notably, two thirds of vehicle -bike collisions in 2021 resulted in a suspected serious injury. Figure 37 displays the vehicle -bike involved collisions by year and of the vehicle -bike collisions with a listed cause, driver distraction/inattention (39%), failure to yield/did not grant right of way (35%), and asleep or ill (4%) make up the most common reasons. Figure 38 displays a heatmap of vehicle -bike collisions. Higher concentrations of bicycle collisions were reported in the area north of Southcenter Mall, along Tukwila Parkway, than other areas within the City. Since there are minimal dedicated bicycle facilities in the area, bicycles must interact with vehicles on these busy streets, which may be related to the elevated number of collisions. Figure 37. Vehicle -Bike Involved Collisions in Tukwila Collision Count 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Source: WSDOT, Fehr & Peers. 2022 • Fatality Suspected Serious Injury Suspected Minor Injury Possible Injury • No Apparent Injury • Unknown 77 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 38. Vehicle -Bike Involved Collisions Heat Map, 2017-2021 I l pia Gly Boundary PrWri5 5 :1li1i 5, e1 SiSam 51_ • FaAal Cdlision * Svalk—atsl Selwus Injuxy Collision density I,nu II High II I Vehicle -Bicycle Involved Collisions Heat Map 78 • }! Vehicle -Pedestrian Involved Collisions Between 2017 and 2021, at least one pedestrian fatality occurred in Tukwila each year. The rate of serious injuries and fatalities resulting from vehicle -pedestrian collisions ranges from eight percent of collisions in 2018 to 42 percent of collisions in 2020. The rate of serious injuries and fatalities resulting from vehicle -pedestrian collisions followed a generally increasing trend from 2017 and 2021. Figure 39 displays the vehicle -pedestrian involved collisions by year. Of vehicle - pedestrian collisions where a cause was reported, driver distraction/inattention (26%), failure to yield/did not grant right of way (15%), and under the influence (3%) make up the most common causes. Figure 40 displays a heatmap of vehicle -pedestrian collisions. Higher concentrations of vehicle - pedestrian collisions were reported around Southcenter Mall as well as Tukwila Hill. Surrounding Southcenter Mall, there was one suspected serious injury collision, while there were several suspected serious injury collisions along Tukwila International Boulevard and Military Road. This may be related to the difference between traffic speeds at each location. Although there are increased conflict areas between pedestrians and vehicles near Southcenter Mall, vehicle speeds may be slower which could result in less severe collisions. The fewer conflict areas may allow higher speeds along Tukwila International Boulevard, which could contribute to worse outcomes of collisions. The speed limit in both areas is 35 mph. Collisions resulting in a fatality were spread throughout the City along streets with high speeds or limited pedestrian amenities. 79 Figure 39. Vehicle -Pedestrian Involved Collisions in Tukwila Collision Count 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ■ • 1 • 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Source: WSDOT, Fehr & Peers. 2022 ■ Fatality Suspected Serious Injury Suspected Minor Injury Possible Injury ■ No Apparent Injury ■ Unknown 80 TL1KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 40. Vehicle -Pedestrian Involved Collisions Heat Map, 2017-2021 I I L... City 9ourdery Pitts .*. (31 I \ -'MIk1 1.1*-41. TYR CaNkloh oMtslly F Fatal Coiiuon kow • SL43maecl Stai fJ! Injury Fligh Vehicle -Pedestrian Involved Collisions. Heat Map 81 1 Chapter 3: Public Outreach Community engagement is a key component of the overall Transportation Element process, ensuring that community stakeholders have ample opportunity to identify issues, influence outcomes, and participate in final recommendations. The engagement efforts for this update were targeted to enable collaboration in identifying and resolving issues, facilitated two-way communication, ensured transparency, and built trust. This Background Report summarizes key takeaways from outreach efforts conducted in 2023 and 2024. These standards are intended to reinforce the transportation goals developed as part of the City's TE Update. Vision and Goals for Transportation The City views this Transportation Element update as an opportunity to step back and develop a holistic vision for transportation in Tukwila. As pointed out in the subsequent sections, draft goals for Tukwila's transportation system were developed based on input from the community, stakeholders, councilmembers, and City staff. Given the system that Tukwila has today, these goals require ongoing efforts and input from stakeholders and the community. Process to Develop Vision and Goals The transportation vision and goals are a product of extensive stakeholder and public engagement efforts conducted in collaboration with City officials and staff. Community Input The TE team, in partnership with the Department of Community Development (DCD), conducted multiple community outreach and engagement events in 2023 and 2024. The first outreach effort to Tukwila residents, businesses, and community organizations was held in spring of 2023. These efforts were targeted to ensure that the goals of the Transportation Element aligned with the needs of the community. Emphasis was primarily placed on engaging hard -to -reach communities through tabling events and focus groups. 2024 outreach events focused on project list development to ensure that feedback in 2023 was reflected in the project list development. For more information on the public outreach process, see Appendix E. 82 TIrK%+IP", T h•!qPt.,;ATI''--N EL1LMIENJ Recurring Themes Outreach and engagement efforts in the spring of 2023 holistically catalogued the community's needs regarding the various modes of transportation available in Tukwila. During the in -person events (tabling and focus groups), the project team captured a total of 128 public comments and ideas related to the City's transportation system. Thirty-six comments from the community involved issues with transit, and over a third of these were specifically regarding safety while using public transit. Of the 17 comments that highlighted issues with driving, about 40 percent specified a concern regarding cost or access. Lastly, 19 comments pointed out walking and biking needs. The interactive webmap presented a platform for respondents to share feedback, concerns, or ideas regarding precise locations or transportation facilities within City limits. In addition, respondents could upvote each other's comments that they agreed with. In total, 67 comments were compiled on the online map. The key themes noted from community input included: • Transit safety, reliability, and amenities • Expanding the bicycle network • Filling sidewalk gaps • Costs associated with driving The location -based comments pointed out the lack of bicycle and sidewalk connectivity. Several comments identified abrupt ends of bike lanes on busy streets, including Southcenter Boulevard and other streets in the vicinity of Southcenter Mall. Similarly, respondents also noted challenges in the Southcenter area for pedestrian connections. Additionally, respondents identified the Tukwila Community Center as an area of interest for sidewalk connections and transit access. Specifically for transit, several respondents revealed that the available transit routes do not reach all City neighborhoods, particularly the Metro Flex system. On the citywide scale, the community generally needs east -west connections via multiple modes of transportation. Driving speed is also a citywide concern. A number of comments pointed out areas where traffic moves faster than the speed limit due to the underutilization of streets. 83 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT The project team documented a list of all proposed ideas from the community on improving transportation in Tukwila and which have been used in developing project recommendations for the Transportation Element. Plan Goals Some of the key challenges and opportunities for achieving each goal are listed below. Goal 1: Equity Eliminate systemic barriers to ensure fair access to healthy, affordable, reliable transportation options, livable places, and jobs. Tukwila is one of the most diverse communities in Washington State, with over 40 percent residents who were born in various parts of the globe. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to serve the needs of all people, that decision makers consider diverse perspectives, and to strive to eliminate systemic barriers. In 2017, the Tukwila City Council passed their first Equity Policy (Resolution No. 1921) targeted to provide elected officials, City staff, board members and commissioners with the necessary tools to lead and make decisions with an equity lens. Currently, the Equity Policy Implementation Committee (EPIC) seeks to dismantle historic systemic and institutional injustices, and to reinforce practices that result in inclusion with equitable outcomes. Specific to transportation, the City frequently engages with the community about transportation issues to provide support to populations who have the greatest need: children, older adults, people with disabilities, lower income communities, and under -served communities. In addition, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Self -Evaluation and Transition Plan establishes the City of Tukwila's ongoing commitment as an all-inclusive community to providing equal access for all, including those with disabilities. Goal 2: Safety Provide a safe transportation system and placemaking to emphasize Tukwila as a welcoming place, particularly for historically marginalized and vulnerable populations. 84 T LJKWIEA TRANSPORT! ❑ TION ELEMENT Safety is important to Tukwila residents and visitors. The City of Tukwila has several programs dedicated to ensuring the safety of its transportation system users, including Safe Routes to School (SRTS) and the Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program (NTCP). The collision analysis described earlier highlights locations where documented crashes resulted in injuries and fatalities or involved the most vulnerable users (pedestrians and cyclists), between 2017 and 2021. Pedestrians and cyclists face higher rates of negative outcomes of collisions as compared to rates among vehicle -only collisions. Serious injuries and fatalities for vulnerable users were noted along arterials including Southcenter Boulevard, Tukwila International Boulevard and South 144th Street. Addressing these locations through improved multimodal designs and other strategies such traffic calming helps provide a more safe and welcoming system. Most importantly, it is critical to ensure that Tukwila residents and visitors feel safe walking, biking, and connecting to transit, otherwise they will not choose to do so. This resonates with the sentiments shared by the community regarding transit safety concerns. Using the 2009 Walk and Roll Plan as a starting point, the 2024 Transportation Element (TE) Update presents an opportunity to identify existing facilities needing improvements, to address gaps in the pedestrian and bike networks, and to provide safe and comfortable access to transit facilities. In addition, identifying and addressing gaps in transit amenities such as lighting, benches, and shelters helps improve safety and comfort for transit riders. Goal 3: Connectivity Maintain, expand, and enhance Tukwila's multimodal network, particularly walk, bike, roll, and transit, to increase mobility options where needs are greatest. Having a variety of practical and reliable transportation modes offers Tukwila residents and visitors travel choices, which helps to optimize the capacity of the City's transportation system and reduces reliance on driving. Following the adoption of Tukwila's 2009 Walk and Roll Plan, new bike and pedestrian facilities have been implemented to improve connectivity. Currently, most principal and minor arterials in the City have sidewalk facilities on one or both sides. However, sidewalk facilities tend to be more available on arterials than the collector and local streets. Similarly, bike facilities are limited to a few roadways. While people have expressed desire to use transit, there are also gaps in transit service and inadequate stop amenities that make transit an inconvenient option for many. Developing a network of Complete Streets to 85 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT accommodate varying modes and all abilities is vital to increasing walking, rolling, biking, and riding transit. Goal 4: Adaptability Anticipate and plan for the community's evolving needs, new technologies, and opportunities for mobility. As indicated by how the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the abrupt and dramatic changes in travel demand and traffic patterns, there is need for a poised and responsive transportation system capable of adjusting to disruptive trends in transportation. With the TE Update, the City has an opportunity to invest in new technologies, such as optimized signal timing to make intersections more efficient, bike share and/or scooter share programs to provide more modal options, and automated enforcement cameras. Cognizant of funding limitations, the City will need to be strategic in capitalizing upon new technologies and policy choices to create opportunities for mobility. Goal 5: Environment Plan, design, and construct transportation projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve community health, and protect the natural environment. Transportation is one of the major contributors to air pollution and consequently, climate change. Historically, there have been inequities among populations adversely affected by negative impacts of transportation, such as air pollution. Streets and other transportation facilities are typically hardscaped, which generates runoff and carries contaminants into streams and waterways. Transportation infrastructure in Tukwila should be designed to promote sustainability, reduce pollution, and support clean air and water for all, particularly historically marginalized populations. Encouraging multimodal, connected transportation options plays a significant role in advancing the goal of protecting the environment. This TE Update looks for opportunities to reduce the negative impacts of the City's transportation system on the environment by implementing and supporting: expanded accessibility to transit; improving pedestrian and bike transportation options; utilizing intelligent transportation systems (ITS) for traffic management and more efficient transportation operations; and using environmentally -friendly street design elements such as trees, landscaping, planted medians and permeable paving. Additionally, this goal will tie to the Climate Element, which the City will be developing for the Comprehensive Plan by 2029. Transportation will be a major component of the upcoming Climate Element. 86 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT 87 Chapter 4: Transportation Vision Introduction to Layered Network The City's Transportation Element takes a layered network approach to focus on how Tukwila's transportation network can function as a comprehensive system to meet the needs of all users. While Tukwila aims to develop "complete streets" to address the needs of all users, providing accommodations that serve all modes well on every street can be an unattainable goal in practice, given constraints such as limited right-of-way and available funding. Some user types are incompatible with others, resulting in streets serving all modes undesirable. An example of this is on Andover Park W which serves high volumes of automobiles, pedestrians, and transit, but does not include marked bike lanes: the high volumes of cars and transit moving in and out of driveways and the Tukwila Transit Center is not conducive to safe bike lanes. Existing and planned adjacent and parallel bike facilities accommodate the bikes more safety. To practically address this challenge, the City plans its street network to serve adjacent land uses. The proposed layered network builds on this current practice to create a high -quality experience for intended users by considering the function of multiple streets and transportation facilities together rather than individually. This approach allows for certain streets to emphasize specific modes or user types while discouraging incompatible uses. For example, a commercial street may be planned to provide a pleasant experience for shoppers on foot, recreational bicyclists, and car parking on the street while discouraging use by "cut -through" traffic. The project team has identified the priority transportation network for each mode: pedestrians, bicyclists, transit, freight, and general-purpose vehicles. Tukwila's key destinations and land use information provide the basis for the proposed layered network (see Figure 2 and Figure 4). The subsequent sections outline the proposed MMLOS standards and guidelines for each modal network. Standards are "must dos" that are subject to concurrency. Current LOS standards in the City are focused on automobiles and new development must ensure that the adopted intersection or corridor LOS standard can be maintained or achieved before gaining approval by the City. 88 TG.rKVVILA TRA.NSPO ; ❑TIrTh E_U.jlrNIF Auto LOS Guidelines The current auto LOS policy in the City of Tukwila includes isolated intersection LOS for areas outside of Southcenter and the corridor average approach for the Southcenter area. See the Existing Traffic Conditions section of Chapter 2: Transportation Inventory and Needs Assessment for more information on existing Auto LOS policies. Given the City's past success in maintaining the LOS standard while supporting planned growth, the current approach to auto LOS maintains a similar format for evaluating delay. The approach uses standards tailored to specific locations, giving it flexibility and effectiveness in addressing issues that impact specific areas while not unnecessarily restricting the desired growth. However, the City is adjusting the vehicle LOS policy standards to allow for more vehicle congestion and balance systemwide improvements yielded by multimodal projects. The City is emphasizing multimodal options through investing in projects that improve conditions for varying modes. Appendix B and Appendix C present the detailed vehicle LOS and delay results at the study intersections and corridors. 2044 Traffic Conditions Traffic forecasts based on anticipated land use growth and planned regional transportation investments were developed using the customized Tukwila travel demand model to help inform future transportation needs. The model assumes a growth of approximately 6,000 additional households and 12,000 additional jobs between the 2018 base year and the 2044 horizon year. An average growth in traffic volume of about 40 percent is anticipated between 2018 and 2044. The City's growth targets allocated by King County fall within the range of the 2044 Baseline scenario and a 2044 High Growth scenario, which was analyzed qualitatively. The City's 2044 High Growth scenario is likely to yield increased traffic demand in the Southcenter area, where the City is addressing policies to allow additional vehicle congestion and has identified multimodal improvements to address system capacity. The 2044 Baseline scenario is anticipated to be similar to the assigned growth targets from King County and is generally consistent with the buildable lands and urban growth capacity analysis. The City will continue to monitor the near and long-term traffic patterns and identify any additional needs to meet level of service standards in line with the City's King County growth allocations, particularly in Southcenter. 89 T UKWILA TRANSPOR ATI'==N The anticipated performance of roadway intersections and corridors within Tukwila under 2044 conditions was evaluated using the same methodology as existing conditions. The analysis assumed that all signal timings for intersections in Tukwila would be optimized between 2018 and 2044; however, there would be no adjustments to cycle lengths unless otherwise planned. The following background projects were assumed based on input from City staff: • Southcenter Boulevard / 66th Avenue South o Restripe the east leg from a single left turn pocket, and two through lanes to dual left turns and a single through lane • Southcenter Boulevard Road Diet o Restripe Southcenter Boulevard between 615t Avenue S and 65th Avenue South to reduce the number of lanes. Ongoing coordination with King County Parks could also see a section of the Lake to Sound Trail being built along with the road diet (at County expense). • Southcenter Boulevard / 65th Avenue South o Install a traffic signal • Andover Park East / Minkler Boulevard o Design and construct dedicated left turn lanes on Andover Park East o Reconstruct traffic signal; remove split phasing • Ryan Way Road Diet o Restripe Ryan Way between Martin Luther King Junior Way South and 51st Avenue South to provide one travel lane in each direction (eastbound and westbound), improve pedestrian facilities, and possibly provide bike facilities. o In advance of the Martin Luther King Junior Way South intersection, taper the traffic lane to match the existing lane configuration • The Tukwila South Development would include intersection improvements to address potential impacts to South 200th Street / Orillia Road South, South 200th Street / Southcenter Parkway, or other nearby intersections. Figure 41 Error! Reference source not found. through Figure 45Error! Reference source not found. presents vehicle LOS results for the study intersections and Southcenter corridors under 2044 conditions. The following intersections are anticipated to operate at a level of service that does not meet the City's LOS policy during the PM peak hour by 2044: • South 116th Street / East Marginal Way (LOS F with an average delay of 125 seconds for the eastbound left -turn of the two-way stop -controlled intersection) 90 TUKWILA TRANSPOR ATION ELEMEP,IF o The increase in northbound and southbound traffic volumes on East Marginal Way is expected to limit gaps in traffic flow to permit eastbound left -turn movements. • South 133rd Street / SR 599 Ramps (LOS F with an average delay of over 150 seconds for the southbound left -turn of the two-way stop -controlled intersection) o The overall increase in traffic volumes for all movements is anticipated to degrade southbound operations. • South 144th Street / 53rd Avenue South (LOS F with an average delay of over 150 seconds for the southbound left -turn movement of the two-way stop -controlled intersection) o South 144th Street is an important connection over 1-5, connecting the west and east parts of Tukwila; expected delays on the minor approach would be due to high through movements. • Southcenter Boulevard / 1-405 SB Off -ramp (LOS F with an average delay of over 150 seconds for the northbound left -turn movement of the two-way stop -controlled intersection) o The intersection operates at LOS F under existing conditions and is expected to result in higher vehicle delays in 2044 due to increased traffic volumes along Southcenter Boulevard. • SR 518 EB Off -ramp / Klickitat Drive (LOS F with an average delay of 59 seconds for the northbound left -turn movement of the two-way stop control) o The current intersection control would not accommodate increased traffic volumes from SR 518 under future conditions as the approach is currently stop - controlled. As previously described, the roadway network within Southcenter is understood to have non- traditional peak periods due to retail travel patterns. Eleven study corridors were evaluated to understand traffic conditions during several peak periods. The analysis periods included weekdays and weekends during midday and PM peak hours. The evaluated corridors currently operate acceptably and meet the City's LOS standards. Under 2044 future conditions, the corridors also operate acceptably except for the following corridors that would operate at LOS F: • 61st Avenue South Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park West • South 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to West Valley Highway • West Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 91 Ti K,WIEA TRArqSPORTI A TION ELEMENT The following strategies are proposed as options that may address degraded traffic operations in the Southcenter area: Table 5: Potential Strategies to Mitigate Southcenter Congestion Strategy Description Potential Limitations/Barriers Update the City's LOS policy Allow LOS F operations, with an average delay not to exceed 120 seconds on the impacted corridors. WSDOT controls the LOS standard on West Valley Highway. Improve vehicle access into the Southcenter area Partner with WSDOT/regional partners to provide an east -west connection from Southcenter, e.g., an extension of Strander Boulevard. This would better accommodate increased volumes on West Valley Highway and other key access locations. A capital project of this size would require extensive WSDOT and regional partner support and collaboration. Advocate for enhanced transit service Given that Southcenter is a regional attraction, advocate for enhanced transit service through improved frequency, new routes, or infrastructure investments such as bus lanes or transit signal priority. This may promote transit use and discourage single -occupancy vehicle trips in Southcenter. Advocacy does not always translate to implementation. Coordinate with WSDOT The congestion in the Southcenter area is expected to include SR 181. The City can coordinate with WSDOT to develop specific mitigation measures to meet the standards set by the state. WSDOT standard is currently set to LOS E/mitigated for SR 181 as a Highway of Regional Significance 92 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 41: Future 2044 - PM Peak Hour LOS in Tukwila 15 ML:y*' 44.1 • • I wfl 4, �„ .N1 npal 7 -) • J hew v 44ndir FAY Pi Level oI Wrote ▪ La.5 f 1431P ▪ I CM ▪ wiF Study Intersections Future 2044 - PM Peak Hour LOS 93 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 42. Future 2044 - Weekday Mid -day Peak Hour LOS q 1:113 4irottim 0 .! City Boundary • #SudyInter5rt[tiori! I Corridor rD Corridor 4m+r*I rt. i MOS i� A.0 ♦iceb � E F Future 2044 Weekday Midday LOS 94 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 43. Future 2044 - Weekday PM Peak Hour LOS F • ft] 0 City noonday; • Su4i Fnlenrerl eons t CorndorID Cerrider Fm� af Serake A C D F Future 2044 Weekday PM LOS 95 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 44. Future 2044 - Weekend Mid -day Peak Hour LOS AIP1 • City 5oundary Corridor Leval of S,rriov • Study Intersections ' A-C i CMnalco 1 I} F future 2044 Weekend Midday LOS 96 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 45. Future 2044 - Weekend PM Peak Hour LOS �...; Crty Boundary • 51i' Inlersectior+s k Corridor ID Corridor L.1 of Service. 1� A-C I? E F Future 2044 Weekend PM LOS 97 Pedestrian LOS Standards and Guidelines Pedestrian LOS standards and guidelines describe the comfort of someone walking. The fundamental expectations for physical space, modal separation, and street crossing amenities are informed by the neighborhood and land use context of a given street. Therefore, pedestrian facility standards and guidelines are tailored to different neighborhood and street contexts. Accordingly, pedestrian LOS standards typically involve design standards applied to each of the various pedestrian environments represented within the City. The City of Tukwila currently utilizes a consistency -based standards for non -motorized modes, focusing on consistency among planned developments. The non -motorized standards are not currently used for concurrency; however, the previous TE document includes networks and policies that support consistency -based standards. This involves using existing plans to prioritize construction of new sidewalks, bike lanes, and trails. Table 6 presents a new pedestrian LOS policy, which would apply standards to all streets in Tukwila. The policy outlines the minimum standards required by corridor type; however, the City aspires to provide sidewalks on both sides and amenity zones on residential streets as right of way permits. Figure 46 maps out the pedestrian level of service standards on all streets outside of the Southcenter area and Figure 47 maps out the pedestrian standards in the Southcenter area. Utilizing a simplified approach to pedestrian LOS standards allows for flexibility in addressing critical concerns while avoiding design -specific nuances. The goal is to provide safe and convenient pedestrian connectivity, making a sidewalk presence the key focus. 98 Trandp:r!JIiaj [I!mmr Table 6. Pedestrian LOS Standards by Street Type Side Minimum Category of Sidewalk Street Width' Minimum Amenity Zone Width2 Lighting Optimal Crossing Frequency Functional Class Southcenter Principal Arterials Both Sides 8 ft 5ft Minor Arterial and Collectors Residential Streets Both Sides 6 ft 5ft Pedestrian and vehicular - scale decorative street lighting Within 300 feet of a transit stop or community asset3 Elsewhere: quarter mile Vehicular - scale lighting Both Sides 6 ft 4 ft Commercial Corridors, Urban Corridors, and Workplace Corridors Both Sides 8 ft 5 ft 99 Vehicular - scale lighting Within 300 feet of a transit stop or community asset Elsewhere: <_ quarter mile Within 300 feet of a transit stop or community asset Elsewhere: <_ quarter mile Pedestrian and vehicular - scale decorative street lighting _< 800 feet Side Minimum Category of Sidewalk Street Width' Minimum Amenity Zone Width2 Lighting Optimal Crossing Frequency Neighborhood Corridors and Walkable Corridors Both Sides 15 ft (10 ft on Minkler) 6 ft Pedestrian and vehicular - scale decorative street lighting < 800 feet Freeway Frontage Corridors Other Trails One Side 8 ft N/A 10 ft 5ft N/A Key Connections4 Both Sides 8 ft 5ft 100 Pedestrian and Within 300 feet of a transit stop or vehicular - community asset scale decorative Elsewhere: _< quarter mile street lighting Pedestrian - scale decorative N/A street lighting Pedestrian and vehicular - scale decorative street lighting Within 300 feet of a transit stop or community asset Elsewhere: _< quarter mile AMEN..rr�Wir Trnh3D:rtj1,0.7 [I!,nrt TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Category Side of Street Minimum Sidewalk Width, Minimum Amenity Zone Width2 Lighting Optimal Crossing Frequency Pedestrian and Within 300 feet of a transit stop or Tukwila Both vehicular- community asset International Boulevard Sides 8 ft 4 ft scale decorative street lighting Elsewhere: <_ quarter mile Tukwila Pedestrian and Within 300 feet of a transit stop or International Both vehicular- community asset Boulevard Adjacent Streets Sides 5 ft 4 ft scale decorative street lighting Elsewhere: <_ quarter mile Notes: ' The minimum sidewalk width refers to the pedestrian through zone, which serves as an accessible pathway, clear of obstacles. 2 The amenity zone provides additional space for pedestrians and/or serves as a buffer from vehicle traffic, separate from the minimum sidewalk width. This space may include street furniture, landscaping, or trees. A community asset is defined as a park, school, community center, neighborhood shopping, or library. Key Connections policies supersede functional class policies. These locations include east -west access corridors, connections to pedestrian generators/destinations, and critical transit corridors. 101 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 46. Citywide Sidewalk Level of Service Standards (Outside of Southcenter) (•0 I=1 C)= I 9uu-rimy 5.011il.mini area rii Ftnthonal Class Sidewalk Typologies Other Sidewalk Typologies arc W IAr �I - Mv+rt Ano-vl - {s,lr lv - Warp COYIYiII YI5 - Slh •- TIE IwJs.nr - 4aI Citywide Sidewalk Level of Service Standards (Outside of SoLtficertter) Source: City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers, 2023 102 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 47. Southcenter Sidewalk Level of Service Standards • Sciktrcenirr Seeppab. Typologiti Met cc 11\rpoile rI7 Monleffm•isr-•-•-, Source: City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers, 2023 Soutkenier Area Sidewalk Level Of Service StairvCIOrds. 103 TLJK ILA TRAhNSPOR;❑TION ELI= tvl NF Based on the existing sidewalk network (see Figure 20) as well as the pedestrian standards, key focus areas where there are high levels of pedestrian activity such as the Southcenter area, east - west connections across Tukwila International Boulevard, and the Tukwila Community Center area. Important connections around Southcenter include connections to the Tukwila Sounder station as well as Tukwila Pond Park. Tukwila International Boulevard, particularly between South 140th Street to South 154th Street, hosts many multi -family and affordable housing units, which are commonly associated with higher usage of public transit and walking, and other high pedestrian generators like nearby schools, multiple churches, and a mosque. The Tukwila Community Center has also been identified as a key area for pedestrians. In addition to existing pedestrian needs, it is important to plan pedestrian facilities prior to future development that would rely on these facilities. International Boulevard/SR 99 and South 160th Street is the location of a potential large-scale mixed -use project with access to the light rail station via a pedestrian bridge. South Boeing Access Road is the location of a planned light rail station that would require increased pedestrian connectivity. 104 TI K .A.! a, T^..I P 1=,- P.TIr+.r.i F_iLN Bike Guidelines Level of traffic stress (LTS) is the current state of the practice in planning bike facilities. This approach provides a framework for designing bike facilities that meet the needs of the intended users of the system. Figure 48 describes the four typical categories of cyclists, each requiring different levels of accommodation to feel comfortable using the system. Figure 48. Bike Level of Traffic Stress and Rider Categories LTS ITS 3 LTS 4 MACES AAILIT1EE INTERESTEf CI7NCERNER ENTI1StD CONFIDER STRONG FEARLESS 13# t Ygtle minim nr.Kr� Inialmainimpnwhil --Aim FinSi rhu dig dImlw. Table 7 and Table 8 display the various treatments required for each LTS designation along corridors as well as at intersections. With this approach, treatments required to meet each LTS designation along a corridor vary based on speed limit and traffic volume. The contextual nature of the LTS approach acknowledges that the same bike treatment under different street conditions can evoke different levels of stress. For example, a striped bike lane without a buffer may be comfortable for all ages and abilities on slow streets with low traffic volumes. However, as traffic volumes or speeds increase, the riding conditions no longer meet the needs of those in the LTS 1 category. Utilizing the LTS approach for bike conditions provides the City with the opportunity to plan bike networks that address the varying comfort levels of people who bike. Additional information on bike facility types and treatments is provided in Appendix F. 105 Table 7. Bike Level of Traffic Stress and Rider Categories Speed Limit (MPH) 30 35 >35 Arterial Traffic Volume 15-25k >_ 25k < 25k >_ 25k Any No Marking 4 4 4 4 4 Sharrow Lane Marking 4 4 4 4 4 Striped Bike Lane 4 4 Buffered Bike Lane (Horizontal) Table 8. Recommended Bike Facility Treatments at an Intersection Protected Bike Lane (Vertical) 2 Physically Separated Bikeway AM Bike LTS Signal Type Street Crossing Approach to Intersection Approach to Intersection with Right Turn Lane Km LTS 2 LTS 4 Trail or Mid - Block Crossing Bike Signal Bike Signal Green Cycle Length Green solid or skip -stripe Green bike box Skip -stripe Bike box Sharrow lane markings Curb ramp to wide sidewalk, Dutch Intersection Green bike lane to left of turn lane Automatic signal Bike lane to left of turn actuation lane No Specific design guideline for LTS 4 Full signal, HAWK, Green solid or or RRFB skip -stripe N/A N/A Note: See Appendix F for detailed descriptions and images of bike facility treatments. 106 KltjI_7 R .1,4 r' TN E_E`•11: N The LTS approach to bike LOS offers a way to develop a network of bike facilities that meet the needs of each rider category. Figure 49 shows the City's aspirational bicycle LTS network. It considers the current facilities and their LTS designations to identify areas for potential connections. Awareness of the types of people who bike provides insight into the inclusivity of each bike route. Establishing various options for all people who bike allows people to efficiently reach desired destinations. 107 TLIKWILA TRAM PORTATIr)N ELEMENT Figure 49. Proposed Bike Level of Traffic Stress Network I Grp Iftatglirr C) Source: City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers, 2023 108 TIFK .MI' a TP A r.InPr.n7 . TIf I`.I F =Lh li N I Transit Guidelines Transit service in Tukwila is provided by King County Metro and Sound Transit and the City's ability to set transit standards is limited. The transit providers maintain routes, headways, and most stop amenities. Given that City is not the transit provider, the City is only responsible for providing access to established transit stops and maintaining roadway conditions. However, the City will use these guidelines to advocate for improved transit service and higher -quality transit stop amenities along City streets. Table 9 shows proposed transit treatments based on the corridor type. Table 9. Recommended Transit Treatments Stop Component Corridor Type Local Transit Corridor Frequent and Express Transit Network Corridor Weather Protection Yes, priority with 25+ daily boardings Yes, for RapidRide daily boardings on stops stops, priority with 25+ other Frequent/Express Seating Yes, near community assets Yes, for RapidRide daily boardings on stops stops, priority with 25+ other Frequent/Express Paved Bus Door Passenger Zone Yes, zone length 25-30 feet Yes, zone length 60 feet Wayfinding Yes, priority with 25+ daily boardings Yes, for RapidRide stops, priority with 25+ daily boardings on other Frequent/Express stops Other Amenities (trash, Yes, priority with 25+ daily lighting, bike parking) boardings Yes, for RapidRide stops, priority with 25+ daily boardings on other Frequent/Express stops Figure 50 includes the City of Tukwila's current transit network, stop locations, and available amenities. There are still gaps in the transit network, including access to the Tukwila Community Center, and the City will continue advocating for access to key destinations. As shown in Figure 50, there are several transit stops without any amenities and this presents an opportunity to address these gaps using the recommended transit stop treatments tabulated in Table 9 109 • Figure 50. Existing Transit Network and Stops Stops Without Bus Shelters Li stops with more th.Rn r average daily boardrngs no shalters Source: City of Tukwila, Fehr & Peers, 2023 Legend C! 25-50 Average Dal ly eardIngs 5D-1D0 Average Daily Saardinqs MO+ A.vara•ga Gaily Boardlngs Data Sourc-e girkg0;dinty ElouralM241. —a— I Lfrie Station —a— Soto der S Stat Ian Tukwila Boundary I o ci 1 mile 110 TG.rKINILA TRA.NSP ^± ❑TIrTh E_EMENII Freight Guidelines As a result of the growth in urban populations, the prevalence of online shopping, and related freight activities, there is an upward trend in goods and parcel delivery in cities. This prompts the need to closely review and develop guidelines to adequately accommodate freight movement and related activities. Current street designs or policies often present challenges for truck/freight operators. Better balance can be achieved by clearly defining freight corridors and developing guidelines to address the following challenges often faced by truck or commercial delivery drivers in cities: • Large truck operators frequently have difficulty navigating restricted and narrow turns, narrow lanes, and curved or circular travel paths. • Street furniture, bike parking, trees, signage, bollards, and other curbside or sidewalk obstructions can inhibit delivery activity if they are installed without considering truck needs. • Inadequate supply of truck parking and delivery spaces results in double parking or parking in the middle of roadways using two-way left -turn lanes, which presents safety and traffic issues for other road users. • High risk for dangerous collisions in areas where pedestrians and bicyclists are likely to be operating in driver blind spots. • Poorly designed commercial vehicle load zones which do not accommodate safe and efficient deliveries. The space allocation for deliveries is typically constrained. As a community that hosts a major Manufacturing/Industrial Center (MIC) and citywide delivery activity, developing freight LOS guidelines is critical to ensure efficient delivery of goods and limited impacts on other transportation modes. The subsequent sections and Appendix G present recommendations regarding freight corridors, curb access, and truck parking. Freight Corridors The City currently partners with regional agencies and the state to build and maintain freight corridors within the City that are classified as Freight and Goods Transportation System (FGTS) routes (Figure 33). Designated FGTS routes aim to prevent heavy truck traffic on lower -volume streets and promote the use of adequately designed roadways. Building on this effort, the City is including implementation strategies in the TE document that address competing needs along freight corridors in the City. 111 TLJK IL TRAhd`ar';=, s L1T1.='C! Curb Access Several agencies are beginning to recognize curb space as valuable real estate that ought to be better understood and designed to improve the quality of life for residents and transportation systems. Prioritizing curb functions based on adjacent land use is an approach that various jurisdictions/ agencies are taking to manage curb access. See Appendix G for recommended curb access considerations along designated FGTS routes. Truck Parking Truck parking is a critical national transportation issue that cities including Tukwila currently face. Truck drivers need safe and secure parking as well as rest breaks as required by law. But, with more trucks and drivers on the road to serve the significant increase in demand for goods, the scarcity of parking for drivers has increased. Most truck parking in cities is directly related to industrial warehouse development and the production of goods, and these land uses, and the associated zoning are locally controlled. A nationwide effort to address ongoing truck parking issues has been underway for several years. More locally to Tukwila, there is a real need for truck parking to support residents who are professional truckers without negatively impacting residential and commercial areas. The proposed guideline on this topic is to engage and coordinate with the diverse set of truck parking stakeholders (truck drivers, neighborhoods, City staff, freight facility operators, and other regional, state, and federal agencies) to address/ discuss the following: • The disconnect between economic development goals to build major freight generators (e.g., industries, malls, dense mixed -use developments, hospitals, etc.) without provisions for truck staging or parking spaces to support truck deliveries and driver needs. • The common response of banning truck parking when dealing with truck parking concerns (typically learned about through resident complaints). These truck parking bans often result in moving rather than solving the problem. • Key truck parking components including safety, zoning, environment and sustainability, residential impacts and quality of life, intermodal connections and emerging technology, funding and incentives, communication, and public outreach. 112 o K tj I _ F_ • Educating local planners, development staff, and elected officials to get an understanding of how freight operates, and the truck parking demand generated by local industrial development. In addressing and discussing the bulleted items, the City should utilize the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)'s truck parking handbook. It presents resources for the development of truck parking, including factors that influence parking need, quantitative approaches for estimating truck parking demand, design of truck parking facilities, truck parking safety and security, and facility siting to protect community quality of life.15 is FHWA, Truck Parking Development Handbook, 2022. 113 1 Chapter 5: Transportation Project List This section describes the projects and programs that will support the City's goals, policies, and vision. Implementing the project list would provide a safer and more connected multimodal system while fitting within the City's anticipated budget over the next 20 years. Project Development The Transportation Element development process involved several methods of identifying project ideas and transportation needs citywide. Projects were identified through technical analysis, community input, and past plans. After a full project list was developed, prioritization metrics were applied to fit the projects within the expected funding constraints. Technical Analysis Several types of analyses were used to pinpoint where transportation challenges are present under current conditions and what challenges Tukwila is expected to face in the next 20 years. These technical analyses identified where the City's set level of service standards are not met under existing and future conditions. Projects were identified to mitigate substandard LOS for each mode. Vehicle network performance was measured based on the seconds of delay at intersections and average delay along corridors during PM peak hour, midday, and weekend periods. Vehicle projects were identified where: - Existing conditions failed to meet LOS standard - Future alternatives show LOS degrading below the standard. Pedestrian level of service standards were set by determining the required walking and rolling treatments on each type of corridor. Sidewalk presence is the most critical element of the set standard. Identification of sidewalk gaps was completed after inventorying existing facilities and determining where sidewalks were required on one or both sides of the street. Projects were identified for areas where the walking and rolling facilities do not meet the standard. Bike projects were identified using a methodology similar to pedestrian network improvements. Level of Traffic Stress methodology was used to identify the existing bicycle LTS network. The 114 TUKWILA TRAM TI.='F•J E_E`•fli N project team then identified a proposed skeleton LTS network based on current LTS and feasibility. Projects were identified in areas where an LTS improvement is proposed. See Chapter 4. Transportation Vision for more detail on the proposed bike LTS network. Community Input The community was heavily involved throughout the process of developing the TE. Community input was synthesized to identify patterns and ultimately create projects out of the ideas shared by the community. See Chapter 3: Public Outreach for more details on the engagement process. Previous Planning Efforts The 2023-2028 Capital Improvement Program included sections dedicated to Residential Streets as well as Bridges & Arterial Streets. Transportation projects from these sections were incorporated into the TE project list. Prioritization Metrics Upon consolidating a full list of potential projects, prioritization metrics were applied to identify which projects would further the City's goals. Criteria and metrics were developed for each of the five transportation goals and projects were scored accordingly. Table 10 describes the goals, guiding principles, and weighting. Table 11 includes the project prioritization metrics that were used to identify a fiscally constrained project list. 115 TI!KWIEA TR rt. P PTATI,N Table 10. Goals, Guiding Principles, and Weighting for Prioritization Equity Safety Connectivity Adaptability Environment Ensure fair access to healthy, affordable, reliable transportation options, livable places, and jobs, particularly for historically marginalized and vulnerable populations. 20% Provide safe transportation infrastructure and improve personal comfort to emphasize Tukwila as a welcoming place. 35% Maintain, expand, and enhance Tukwila's multimodal network, particularly walk, bike, roll, and transit, to increase mobility options where needs are greatest. 20% 116 Anticipate and plan for the community's evolving needs, new technologies, and opportunities for mobility. Plan, design, and construct transportation projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve community health, and protect the natural environment. 10% 15% AMEN..rr�Wir TrirOD:r 1,0.7 [I!,nrt TUKWILA TRANSPORT ATIriN ELEMENT Table 11. Scoring Criteria by Goal Equity Community outreach and engagement Project is supported by community members. The community is meaningfully engaged in identifying how the project supports community needs and goals. Delivery of transportation services Project provides access to healthy, affordable, reliable transportation options in areas with historically marginalized or vulnerable populations. Safe and comfortable options Project improves levels of comfort and desirability of walking, biking, rolling, or using transit. Safety Crossing Safety Project provides new or improved crossing treatment (e.g. restriping, RRFB, curb ramps, crossing island, curb extension, reduced pedestrian exposure, new signal, reduced motor vehicle turning speed, narrowed curb return, etc.). Collision history Project is identified as a priority project in Tukwila's Local Road Safety Plan (LRSP). Access Project increases route options or interconnectedness and/or closes an existing gap in the walk/bike/roll/transit networks Connectivity Quality of travel choices Project increases the number of high -quality travel choices, which are defined by mode as follows: a) Pedestrians — facilities are comfortable and accessible b) Bikes facilities are LTS 1 or 2 c) Transit - service is frequent and reliable or the provision of stop amenities d) Auto - intersection or corridor LOS meets the set standard. Person trip capacity Project provides additional capacity for person trips compared to existing conditions. Emerging travel modes and technology Project supports or advances emerging travel modes or technology including e-scooters, e-bikes, electric -vehicles, autonomous and connected vehicles Adaptability Environment Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Project provides opportunities to maximize the efficiency of the transportation system using technology. This includes implementing smart signal or technology upgrades e.g. fiber optic, signal cabinets, adaptive signal technology or leading pedestrian interval. Preparedness for disruptive events Project supports redundancy to the transportation network and traffic operations improvements. This is pivotal for evacuation planning in preparation of future emergencies/ challenges such as land slides, flooding, earthquakes, unplanned road closures etc. Sustainable transportation Project encourages travel to be less impactful on the environment by promoting shared/mass transportation or shortening SOV vehicle trips or shifting to other low- or zero -emission, energy - efficient, affordable modes. This criterion is primarily centered on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction which is linked to Green House Gas emissions, air and noise pollution. Protection of ecological resources Project protects or minimizes impact to ecological resources (plant/animal species and their habitats). 117 TG.rKINIr A TR.A.N ^')P; ❑TIrTh E_LNil ENI Priority Projects A priority project list is a critical piece of transportation planning. The City of Tukwila can use the priority project list to determine what capital improvements to include in budgeting. This list outlines the 35 most important projects in Tukwila over the next 20 years. Each project derived from previous planning efforts, technical analysis, and community input was scored using the criteria and weights outlined above. The projects were then sorted by score to determine the top performing projects that would make up the prioritized project list. The priority projects appear to have a good likelihood of being funded under current financial expectations. Regular monitoring of level of service compliance and updates to the evolving City needs should be done by the City. Keeping tabs on current needs, and moving forward other projects that have been identified, but not determined as the highest priority needs, will ensure that the City will continue to maintain high levels of service for all users. 118 /BEEN..rr�Wir Trandp:r!JI,aj [I!mmr TlP1CVti111A TRAN POP; ATlnN? rImEN1 Table 12. Prioritized Project List # Project Name Description Street Name Start End Cost! A Buffered Lane on 42nd Ave S Section 3 Remove parking one side and widen sidewalk to create a 12ft shared use path 8ft parking lane, 2-11ft lanes and 8ft sidewalk. 42nd Ave S S 150th St S 144 St. 550,000 B Buffered Lane on 42nd Ave S Section 4 Develop a traffic -calmed bikeway along 42nd Ave S between S 150th St and Southcenter Blvd. On the west side of the street, add striped southbound bike lane between Southcenter Blvd and S 150th St. On the east side of the street, add striped bike lane between Southcenter Blvd and S 151st St. Remove on -street parking to widen the sidewalk on the east side of the street between S 151st St and S 150th St, creating a shared path; add shared lane markings to the roadway. 42nd Ave S Southcenter Blvd S 150th St $ 376,000 S Norfolk St Bike Facilities Add bike facilities on S Norfolk St. If this project moves forward, need to update bike network. S Norfolk St E Marginal Eastern City $ Way S Limits 496,600 D E Marginal Way Bike Lanes (E Marginal Way S North Section) Widen and extend asphalt paving on E Marginal Way S north of S Boeing Access Road. Bike facilities may be desired here, pending BAR Infill station and area redevelopment, could connect to bike facilities on Airport Way if Seattle/Tukwila install, connecting via Norfolk to EMWS If this project moves forward, need to update bike network. E Marginal Way S S Boeing Access Rd Northern City Limits Southcenter Boulevard Add vertical flexi posts to existing bike lanes Bike Lanes Section 2 or raise the bike lane to sidewalk level to create better separation from vehicles. S 154th St 42nd Ave S 51 st Ave S $ 390,000 119 AMEN..rr�Wir TrirOD:r 1,0.7 [I!,nrt III A T RANSPO€.'T AT I.- C! F 42nd Ave S Bridge Replacement Southcenter Blvd/65th Ave S Signal H SR 518 EB Off -ramp / Klickitat Drive Intersection Improvements Design and construct a replacement structure for the existing 42nd Ave S Bridge near the Tukwila Community Center. 42nd Ave S Bridge Design and construct a traffic signal at the Southcenter Boulevard/65th Avenue S intersection. Intersection will include pedestrian crossings. Design and construct a new traffic signal, lighting, and pedestrian facilities including crosswalks and pedestrian push buttons. I Interurban Ave S Southcenter Blvd 65th Ave S SR 518 EB Off - ramp Klickitat Drive Tukwila Community Center 32,333,000 1,100,000 E Marginal Way/S 112th Street Intersection Modifications Design and construct curb/gutter, drainage, lighting, turn lanes, and traffic control. E Marginal Way S 112th Street $ 2,500,000 J S 115th Street / E Marginal Way Intersection Improvements K Boeing Access Road/E Marginal Way/Tukwila International Boulevard Intersection Feasibility Study Design and construct a new traffic signal, lighting, and pedestrian facilities including crosswalks and pedestrian push buttons. Coordinate the new traffic signal with the Interurban Ave / E Marginal Way signal. Evaluate the feasibility of modifying the intersection. S 115th Street Boeing Access Road E Marginal Way E Marginal Way/Tukwila International Boulevard $ 2,000,000 $ 125,000 L Andover Park E/Minkler Blvd Intersection M Andover Park E/Industr Dr Intersection Design and construct left turn lanes on Andover Park East and reconstruct traffic signal. Improve safety and provide needed capacity. —irbesign and construct traffic signal with Andover Park East left turn lanes and crosswalks. E Marginal Way (BAR - S Andover Park E Minkler Blvd Andover Park E Industry Dr Design and construct curb, gutter, drainage, E Marginal Way S 115th St 112 St) lighting, turn lanes, and traffic control. 120 S Boeing Access Rd $ 1,832,000 $ 846,000 $ 3,418,000 AMEN..rr�Wir TrirOD:r I,0.7 [I!,nrt T1.1KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT 0 124th and 50th Intersection Improvements P S 152nd St Safe Routes to School Add sidewalk facilities from 51st to 49th on north side and reconfigure intersection to bring all movements to a full stop, eliminating the EBRT slip lane. Add protected pedestrian facility on 50th PI from 124th to connect into the pedestrian facilities south of S 125th. S 124th St Install curb, gutter, and sidewalks on both sides of S 152nd St, including widening pavement width by three feet to construct an on -street parking lane as a buffer between the roadway and sidewalk on the north side. S 152nd St 50th PI S 42nd Ave S 750,000 Tukwila $ International 4,468,000 Boulevard Q 46th Ave S Safe Routes to School Install curb, gutter, and sidewalk on the west side of 46th Avenue South. Install a curb bulb -out at the southeastern corner of 46th Ave S and S 144th St and a raised crosswalk on S 144th St with pedestrian -activated flashing beacons. 46th Ave S S144thSt S150thSt $ 2,580,000 S 144th St Bridge - Sidewalks Design of pedestrian improvements to the S 144th Street bridge over 1-5, to include structural, civil, environmental, and traffic design to obtain PS&E. Project will widen the existing pedestrian pathway on the bridge from three feet to six feet with a barrier to separate automobile and pedestrian traffic. Macadam Rd S Section 1 Construct sidewalk on west side of 42nd Ave Sidewalk S from S 124th St to entrance of 42nd Ave S Bridge, construct sidewalk on both sides of 42nd Ave S from entrance of 42nd Ave S Bridge to Interurban Ave S. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Macadam Rd S from Interurban Ave S to S 130th St. S 144th St Bridge Macadam Rd S 53rd Ave S $ 3,298,000 42nd Ave S and S 124th St S 130th St $ Macadam Rd S 992,000 T S 146th St Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on south side of entire segment, and extend the sidewalk on the north side to the project extents 121 S 146th St 35th Ave S 41 st Ave S $ 667,000 TF.PKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT 40th Ave S Sidewalk V Strander Blvd Sidewalk W S 124th St Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment up to existing sidewalk Construct sidewalk on south side of Strander Blvd from Christensen Rd to W Valley Hwy. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Strander Blvd from W Valley Hwy to east boundary of Tukwila city limits Construct sidewalk on both sides of S 124th TS 124th St St from 49th Ave S to 50th PI S 40th Ave S and 42nd Ave S Strander Blvd and SW 27th St East Marginal Way S Christensen Rd 49th Ave S S 139th St Interurban Trail 3,443,000 $ 467,000 50th PIS $ 2,105,000 X Minkler Blvd Section 2 Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on both sides of road Minkler Blvd segment Andover Park Andover Park $ W E 1,430,000 Y Tukwila International Blvd Section 2 Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on east side of Tukwila International Blvd from S 112th St to the HW 99 Exit Ramp. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Tukwila International Blvd from the HW 99 Exit Ramp to 12400 Block. Tukwila International Blvd S 112th St 12400 Block $ 2,050,000 Z E Marginal Way S Section Construct sidewalk on both sides of road 2 Sidewalk segment E Marginal Way S Interurban Ave S S 120th PI $ 803,000 AA 37th Ave S Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on east side of 37th Ave S from S 140th St to S 142nd St east segment. Construct sidewalk on both sides of 37th Ave S from S 142nd St east segment to S 142nd St west segment 37th Ave S S 140th St S 142nd St $ 530,000 AB S 142nd St Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 142nd St 37th Ave S Tukwila $ International 541,000 Blvd AC S 141st St Section 1Thonstruct sidewalk on both sides of road Sidewalk segment S 141st St 37th Ave Tukwila $ International 510,000 Blvd AD Ryan Way Road Diet Resurface and rechannel S Ryan Way to improve failing pavement and improve safety. Add pedestrian and bicycle facilities where appropriate. Signalize intersection with 47th 122 S Ryan Way Martin Luther King Jr Way S 51 st Ave S $ 14,371,000 /BEENEmrmilli Trandp:r!JI,aj [I!mmr TUK ILA TRANSP0 . aT1.:•[! Avenue S to accommodate future growth and improve safety. AE S 144th Street Complete Street Restripe and remove parking on one side to S 144th St accommodate 2-10ft lanes, 1-2ft buffer, and 1-10ft two way cycle track. Construct sidewalk facilities on the south side of the street. 42nd Ave S 51 st Ave S AF Klickitat Dr Complete Street Multimodal improvements to improve connectivity and accessibility of existing path (wayfinding, signage, width improvements, etc. wherever possible) Klickitat Dr 53rd Ave S Southcenter Pkwy AG Tukwila Elementary School Transportation Improvements Traffic calming and safety improvements surrounding Tukwila Elementary School. 3,220,000 AH Cascade View Elementary School Transportation Improvements Traffic calming and safety improvements surrounding Cascade View Elementary School $ 1,050,000 Al School Safety Traffic Calming Program Traffic calming and safety improvements surrounding schools in Tukwila $ 770,000 123 TUKWILA : Table 12 includes the priority projects with descriptions and Figure 51 displays the priority projects on a map. The extended project list is included in Appendix H. The priority projects appear to have a good likelihood of being funded under current financial expectations. Regular monitoring of level of service compliance and updates to the evolving City needs should be done by the City. Keeping tabs on current needs, and moving forward other projects that have been identified, but not determined as the highest priority needs, will ensure that the City will continue to maintain high levels of service for all users. 124 Trandp:r!JI,aj [I!mmr Table 12. Prioritized Project List Project Name Description Street Name Start End Cost! A Buffered Lane on 42nd Remove parking one side and widen Ave S Section 3 sidewalk to create a 12ft shared use path 8ft parking lane, 2-11ft lanes and 8ft sidewalk. 42nd Ave S S 150th St S 144 St. 550,000 B Buffered Lane on 42nd Ave S Section 4 C S Norfolk St Bike Facilities Develop a traffic -calmed bikeway along 42nd Ave S between S 150th St and Southcenter Blvd. On the west side of the street, add striped southbound bike lane between Southcenter Blvd and S 150th St. On the east side of the street, add striped bike lane between Southcenter Blvd and S 151 st St. Remove on -street parking to widen the sidewalk on the east side of the street between S 151 st St and S 150th St, creating a shared path; add shared lane markings to the roadway. 42nd Ave S Add bike facilities on S Norfolk St. If this S Norfolk St project moves forward, need to update bike network. Southcenter S 150th St $ Blvd E Marginal Way S Eastern City Limits 376,000 $ 496,600 E Marginal Way Bike Lanes (E Marginal Way S North Section) Widen and extend asphalt paving on E E Marginal Way S Boeing Marginal Way S north of S Boeing S Access Rd Access Road. Bike facilities may be desired here, pending BAR Infill station and area redevelopment, could connect to bike facilities on Airport Way if Seattle/Tukwila install, connecting via Norfolk to EMWS If this project moves forward, need to update bike network. 125 Northern City Limits AMEN..rr�Wir TrirOD:r I,0.7 [I!,nrt T1.1KWILA TRANSPORTATIQN ELEMENT E Southcenter Boulevard Bike Lanes Section 2 Add vertical flexi posts to existing bike lanes or raise the bike lane to sidewalk level to create better separation from vehicles. S 154th St 42nd Ave S 51st Ave S 390,000 F 42nd Ave S Bridge Replacement Design and construct a replacement structure for the existing 42nd Ave S Bridge near the Tukwila Community Center. 42nd Ave S Bridge Interurban Ave S Tukwila $ Community 32,333,000 Center G Southcenter Blvd/65th Ave S Signal Design and construct a traffic signal at the Southcenter Boulevard/65th Avenue S intersection. Intersection will include pedestrian crossings. Southcenter Blvd 65th Ave S $ 1,100,000 H SR 518 EB Off -ramp / Klickitat Drive Intersection Improvements E Marginal Way/S 112th Street Intersection Modifications Design and construct a new traffic signal, lighting, and pedestrian facilities including crosswalks and pedestrian push buttons. Design and construct curb/gutter, drainage, lighting, turn lanes, and traffic control. SR 518 EB Off - ramp Klickitat Drive E Marginal Way S 112th Street $ 2,500,000 J S 115th Street / E Marginal Way Intersection Improvements Design and construct a new traffic signal, lighting, and pedestrian facilities including crosswalks and pedestrian push buttons. Coordinate the new traffic signal with the Interurban Ave / E Marginal Way signal. S 115th Street E Marginal Way $ 2,000,000 K Boeing Access Road/E Marginal Way/Tukwila International Boulevard Intersection Feasibility Study Evaluate the feasibility of modifying the intersection. Boeing Access Road E Marginal Way/Tukwila International Boulevard $ 125,000 L Andover Park E/Minkler Blvd Intersection Design and construct left turn lanes on Andover Park E Andover Park East and reconstruct 126 Minkler Blvd 1,832,000 /BEEN..rr�Wir Tn D:r l,aj [I!,nrt TF.PKWI!.A TRANSPORTATION E_E`,,H N M N Andover Park E/Industry Dr Intersection E Marginal Way (BAR - S 112 St) traffic signal. Improve safety and provide needed capacity. Design and construct traffic signal with Andover Park East left turn lanes and crosswalks. Design and construct curb, gutter, drainage, lighting, turn lanes, and traffic control. Andover Park E Industry Dr E Marginal Way S 115th St 846,000 S Boeing $ Access Rd 3,418,000 O 124th and 50th Intersection Improvements Add sidewalk facilities from 51st to 49th on north side and reconfigure intersection to bring all movements to a full stop, eliminating the EBRT slip lane. Add protected pedestrian facility on 50th PI from 124th to connect into the pedestrian facilities south of S 125th. S 124th St 50th PI S $ 750,000 P S 152nd St Safe Routes to School Install curb, gutter, and sidewalks on both sides of S 152nd St, including widening pavement width by three feet to construct an on -street parking lane as a buffer between the roadway and sidewalk on the north side. S 152nd St 42nd Ave S Tukwila International Boulevard $ 4,468,000 Q 46th Ave S Safe Routes to School Install curb, gutter, and sidewalk on the 46th Ave S west side of 46th Avenue South. Install a curb bulb -out at the southeastern corner of 46th Ave S and S 144th St and a raised crosswalk on S 144th St with pedestrian -activated flashing beacons. S 144th St S 150th St 2,580,000 S 144th St Bridge - Sidewalks Design of pedestrian improvements to the S 144th Street bridge over 1-5, to include structural, civil, environmental, and traffic design to obtain PS&E. Project will widen the existing pedestrian pathway on the bridge from three feet to six feet with a barrier to 127 S 144th St Bridge Macadam Rd 53rd Ave S S $ 3,298,000 /BEEN..rr�Wir Trandp:r!JIiaj [I!mmr T1.PKWI1. A TP R1cPrl^ T ATION f `N separate automobile and pedestrian traffic. S Macadam Rd S Section 1 Sidewalk 1 Construct sidewalk on west side of 42nd Ave S from S 124th St to entrance of 42nd Ave S Bridge, construct sidewalk on both sides of 42nd Ave S from entrance of 42nd Ave S Bridge to Interurban Ave S. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Macadam Rd S from Interurban Ave S to S 130th St. 42nd Ave S and Macadam Rd S S 124th St S 130th St 992,000 S 146th St Sidewalk 40th Ave S Sidewalk V Strander Blvd Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on south side of entire segment, and extend the sidewalk on the north side to the project extents Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment up to existing sidewalk Construct sidewalk on south side of Strander Blvd from Christensen Rd to W Valley Hwy. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Strander Blvd from W Valley Hwy to east boundary of Tukwila city limits S 146th St 35th Ave S 40th Ave S and 42nd Ave S Strander Blvd and SW 27th St East Marginal Way S Christensen Rd 41 st Ave S $ 667,000 S 139th St $ 3,443,000 Interurban $ Trail 467,000 S 124th St Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on both sides of S 124th St from 49th Ave S to 50th PI S S 124th St 49th Ave S 50th PI S $ 2,105,000 X Minkler Blvd Section 2 Sidewalk Y Tukwila International Blvd Section 2 Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment Construct sidewalk on east side of Tukwila International Blvd from S 112th St to the HW 99 Exit Ramp. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Tukwila International Blvd from the HW 99 Exit Ramp to 12400 Block. Minkler Blvd Tukwila International Blvd Andover Park Andover Park $ W E 1,430,000 S 112th St 12400 Block $ 2,050,000 Z E Marginal Way S Construct sidewalk on both sides of Section 2 Sidewalk road segment 128 E Marginal Way S Interurban S 120th PI Ave S $ 803,000 AMEN..rr�Wir TrirOD:r 1,0.7 [I!,nrt TL..PK /ILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT AA 37th Ave S Sidewalk AB S 142nd St Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on east side of 37th Ave S from S 140th St to S 142nd St east segment. Construct sidewalk on both sides of 37th Ave S from S 142nd St east segment to S 142nd St west segment 37th Ave S Construct sidewalk on both sides of S 142nd St road segment S 140th St S 142nd St $ 530,000 37th Ave S Tukwila $ International 541,000 Blvd AC S 141st St Section 1 Sidewalk Construct sidewalk on both sides of S 141st St road segment 37th Ave S Tukwila $ International 510,000 Blvd AD Ryan Way Road Diet AE S 144th Street Complete Street AF Klickitat Dr Complete Street Tukwila Elementary School Transportation Improvements Resurface and rechannel S Ryan Way to improve failing pavement and improve safety. Add pedestrian and bicycle facilities where appropriate. Signalize intersection with 47th Avenue S to accommodate future growth and improve safety. S Ryan Way Martin Luther 51st Ave S $ King Jr Way S 14,371,000 Restripe and remove parking on one S 144th St 42nd Ave S 51st Ave S side to accommodate 2-10ft lanes, 1-2ft buffer, and 1-10ft two way cycle track. Construct sidewalk facilities on the south side of the street. Multimodal improvements to improve connectivity and accessibility of existing path (wayfinding, signage, width improvements, etc. wherever possible) Traffic calming and safety improvements surrounding Tukwila Elementary School. Klickitat Dr 53rd Ave S Southcenter Pkwy $ 3,220,000 AH Cascade View Elementary School Traffic calming and safety improvements surrounding Cascade View Elementary School 129 $ 1,050,000 /BEEN..rr�Wir Trandp:r!JIiaj [I!mmr TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Transportation Improvements Al School Safety Traffic Traffic calming and safety Calming Program improvements surrounding schools in Tukwila 770,000 130 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure 51. Map of Top Priority Projects TOP PRIORITY PROJECT LIST Hors ire the top priority projects drrdlnd horn previous plans, commurlity outreach, end t•ahnlabl 'n.Iy1I., 0 CI 116 PitannirquQw .:1 — 0 Illy .r LOMA.TaccM+ rl�Ti11r4An41}AI Ain 1+0HT p Ff44etbe Ir1Vltl1.Il: h lay Itai..11e I. Lhr E 4k rT..1 Ir,p.e.yr....ft PropranlICl1rlydar•7irSr1LL.iI'Ie,dpylToy CI! IIIeronernIeproton.,Lt1 S r1111:.y,ar.a i1.olw:le trims rl..,12.d.1 j, Id ha U.Y[.]11...11h. C:P.h.11 1.rn and ..are t.111 Ram BICYCLE 6utr.r..� —I•. M parr S Sacea, 5 6ulrar.ri —E1 . a. Akrrq fw 5 Lclnn, rl honglk S! :11r4 rar,1III1I kM.11y.1 war H'" I,<..Ik M.111 1.1.11 w.r4 N114I Ida-k• Q ?IvIh 77Il1LSfY!N.11l11IFY-lr94 24Snl! 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Gov ?km �.illi 114RR grrrlxEl,d d1su..11 4+llh II Do mini iWLlrel.d lkelren 1111do ra fula.lM 4rmr"I Irrr !ha Mnp60 I 1441fx4w e r1Y fLwl 'My I Ibid.'', ] lklwni PIPE dxr 4 6.414rr.4 1112r.0 dl i.rru4 RI, I Will u it ar 171di wall • ' COf1PLETt srklfl la!!! • IE fir klrclnMLYtinmplFlric*.1 A6 hnit. r1a1Y. W+Y SI:1%d.! I113.1.W Ld IW I .wW 101Ia REI c.w.o.. Yaw nlmmnrrurY lamp! Trariparme,ral lrpenm..-hv1 RI xhnol Wyly rneno Chinni arnp err 131 1 Chapter 6: Funding Funding Transportation infrastructure and maintenance reflects one of Tukwila's largest budget items. Transportation is funded through a mix of dedicated transportation funds (i.e., funding must be allocated to the expansion and maintenance of the City's transportation system) and general funds. This distinction is important since general funds have the greatest flexibility and can be allocated by City Council to most any need within Tukwila. Thus, general fund dollars are often highly competitive and subject to the most pressing needs in the City. Dedicated transportation funds range from impact fees paid by developers, to the tax collected by the City on commercial parking (largely parking for Sea-Tac Airport) to local, state, and federal grants. Figure 52 shows the dedicated transportation funding by source for 2023. As shown, grants, the solid waste utility tax, parking tax, and traffic impact fees constitute more than 80% of Tukwila's dedicated transportation funding. Of those sources, grants, the parking tax, and traffic impact fees can be somewhat volatile depending on economic cycles. 132 Figure 52. 2023 Dedicated Transportation Revenues Concurrency Fees 3% Multimodal Transportation 1% Grants 33% Motor Vehicle Fuel Tax 7% Traffic Impact Fees 13% Solid Waste Utility Tax 22% REET 2-Second Quarter Percent 8% Parking Tax 13% Figure 53 shows an analysis of transportation expenses versus dedicated transportation revenues over the past nine years. The expenses cover all aspects of maintenance and enhancements to the transportation system and include items such as repaving streets, improving sidewalks and bicycle facilities, safety improvements, bridge inspections and repairs, and safety projects. As shown in the figure, in all but one year, Tukwila's transportation expenses exceeded revenues with the difference generally being made up by the general fund. In aggregate, the average annual revenues for Tukwila over the past 9 years are $7.05 million and the average expenditures are $10.68 million. As shown in Figure 52, Tukwila blends dedicated transportation revenues with general funds to build and maintain its transportation network. This mixed funding approach is common for many communities in Washington State and allows the city to be nimble in how it takes advantage of grant funds that may require a local match. 133 1 Figure 53. Historic Transportation Revenues and Expenses $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $15,000,000 $10,000,000 $5,000,000 $- 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 (projected) (budget) Expenses Revenues Annualizing the 20 year capital and maintenance program yields an average annual expenditure of $7-10.7 million (in constant dollar terms). This suggests that Tukwila's transportation investment will be similar year -over -year compared to the past 9 years. Thus, the share of general fund investment is also expected to be about the same, year -over -year. Looking forward, it is reasonable that Tukwila could sustain the current level of transportation revenues and expenses, which over 20 years could fund capital and maintenance program in the range of $140 million-$214 million. However, there are some transportation funding challenges the City must consider when planning and implementing the projects identified in the Transportation Element during future biennial budgeting. Specific challenges include: • The grant funding over the past several years has been very robust with a historic infusion of federal funding; future federal budgets may have fewer grant funding dollars available. 134 �.� K k':+ I _ F_ R A. 1,4 r.1 E _ E , • While Washington State has regularly raised the gas tax over the past 20 years, the share allocated to cities has not changed since 1990; every year, inflation erodes the purchasing power of the gas tax and as vehicles become more fuel efficient (further eroding the purchasing power by the increasing popularity of hybrid and electric vehicles) the gas tax will continue to be less meaningful as a funding source. • There may be more competition for general funds in the future, making them less available for transportation projects. Despite these challenges, there are both untapped dedicated transportation revenue sources that Tukwila could consider pursuing, along with potential replacements for the gas tax that could restore funding and ensure that electric vehicles also help fund the system. • Both the state and federal government are exploring a "road user charge" which would either supplement or entirely replace the gas tax. Any new funding source is likely to raise additional revenues compared to the existing gas tax to account for the lack of indexing to inflation in the prior decades. • There are several dedicated transportation funding programs that could be leveraged by Tukwila to increase transportation revenues or reduce reliance on general fund transfers: o Transportation benefit district sales tax o Transportation benefit district car tab fee o Other utility taxes (in addition to the sewer tax) o Dedicated transportation property tax levy o Local improvement district Transportation Demand Management (TDM) This Background Report has thus far focused on completing Tukwila's multimodal transportation network via the layered network approach. The network proposed for each mode represents the supply side of the transportation network. On the opposite side of the coin is the demand for the multimodal transportation network. The demand side is addressed with TDM. The concept of TDM has evolved from a focus on commuters and strategies for reducing single occupancy vehicle demand at peak times to a focus on maximizing the modal choices of all 135 TUKWILA TRAM PORiA.TION ELEMENT travelers and trip types. This new focus includes a broader set of diverse strategies. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) defines TDM as: "... providing travelers, regardless of whether they drive alone, with travel choices, such as work location, route, time of travel and mode. In the broadest sense, demand management is defined as providing travelers with effective choices to improve travel reliability." The emphasis for TDM is on personal mobility rather than vehicular mobility. TDM strives to treat roadway, transit, bicycle facilities and sidewalk capacity as valuable, limited assets to be carefully managed. TDM strategies that strive to manage the demand on the limited multimodal transportation network include, encouraging ride sharing (car- and vanpooling); providing active transportation subsidies (e.g., transit passes); providing telecommuting, flex schedules, and compressed work weeks; and enforcing parking fees/restrictions. Other TDM strategies can range from simple marketing programs to complex land use decisions. City land use policies can reduce dependence on private automobile travel by focusing growth in specific locations and changing land use development patterns. Land use densities, mixed -use activity, urban design, transit station areas, and other concentrated points of activity support frequent transit service and pedestrian facilities. The City's TDM program is focused on maximizing multimodal options for all trip types and travelers. TDM Strategies There are various ways that commuters can travel to work and individuals can travel for other purposes that reduce the number of single occupancy vehicle trips: • Transit Service — Public transit options are provided by Sound Transit and King County Metro. As part of the ST3 regional transit package and King County Metro's long-range plan (Metro Connects), transit options will expand to include new commuter express bus services and more geographic coverage within the city. • Vanpool and Rideshare Programs — Tukwila partners with King County Metro for vanpools and rideshare solutions primarily for commute trips, though other trip purposes, such as to school, are being explored. The vanpool program requires a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 15 individuals per vehicle with similar commutes. 136 T UrKWILA TRANSPORT! A TION ELEMENT King County Metro also offers rideshare solutions to local businesses to fulfill first and last mile connectivity to and from transit services. • Walking/Rolling/Biking — Every trip begins and ends with walking. The existing pedestrian network supports walking for some trip types, particularly in areas with higher density and a mix of land uses, however, the City recognizes that the pedestrian network is not complete. Sound Transit and King County Metro buses are equipped to accommodate passengers with bicycles. Bicycling can be a viable mode for commuters who live further than walking distance from transit services and whose schedules are too inflexible to use vanpool programs. As the pedestrian and bicycling networks are constructed and development occurs in dense, mixed -use areas, these modal options are anticipated to be increasingly viable and popular. Many of the prioritized projects, policies, and actions in this plan provide guidance and next steps to both construct the pedestrian/bicycling networks and increase the attractiveness and viability of walking/biking as travel options. • Alternative Work Schedules — Alternative work schedule options are beneficial to both employees and employers. Businesses can provide coverage for additional hours, and employees are able to work their schedules around transit and vanpool/ridesharing availability. Alternative schedules include flextime, compressed work weeks, and staggered shifts. These options are a significant component of the CTR program in Tukwila. • Telecommuting and Remote Working — In the Puget Sound region, full-time and part-time telecommuting has increased over the last decade. The COVID pandemic forced many businesses, non -profits, and government agencies to quickly implement telework for employees that can work remotely. To facilitate this shift, unique solutions were implemented to address technology and resource barriers. Many businesses, non -profits, and government agencies are likely to have significantly higher levels of telework than before the pandemic due to the widespread development of these programs. Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Program 137 TiJKWILA TRANSPOR ATIL:.r.! E_E`.fli h; CTR Program Overview — In 1991, the Washington State legislature passed the Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Law to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and decrease fuel consumption. In 2006, the Washington State Legislature passed the Commute Trip Reduction Efficiency Act (RCW 70A.15.4000). The goal of the CTR Efficiency Act is to improve the efficiency of the overall transportation system by focusing on the most congested areas of the state and increasing the planning coordination between local, regional, and state organizations. The Washington State CTR Law is unlike many of the required trip reduction programs established in other states through federal air pollution regulations. Washington's CTR program relies on a partnership between the public and private sectors to make progress towards meeting goals. The CTR Law is incorporated into the Washington State Clean Air Act. Tukwila's CTR Program — The City of Tukwila adopted its CTR ordinance (Ordinance No. 2201) in 2008. As a result, employees are commuting greater distances, extending the hours of peak congestion. Tukwila's CTR program provides information and connects employees to a variety of alternative commute options including flex schedules, compressed work weeks, teleworking, transit, and ridesharing. The City also actively coordinates with transit organizations such as King County Metro th Alternative Work Schedule Definitions: • Flextime: Employees work a set number of hours with start/end times and days of the week agreed upon with the employer. • Compressed Work Week: Employees work fewer days by working longer shifts, reducing their total VMT by eliminating some trips. • Staggered Shifts: Employees start and end their workday outside the peak periods of commute travel. begin their workday between 6:00 AM and 9:00 AM at least two days per week at a single worksite for 12 continuous months of the year. What is required for CTR impacted employers? • Appoint/maintain an Employee Transportation Coordinator (ETC) to be the contact between the employer and the city. • Biannually submit a program report to the city for review/approval. • Exercise a good faith effort by collaborating with the city. • Biannually conduct a CTR employee survey to measure commute mode share. at administer marketing campaigns. 138 TLJKWILA TRAM POR ATION ELEMENT TDM and Transportation System Performance — Tracking progress on implementing TDM strategies will be incorporated into the systemwide performance measures developed for the Six -Year Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) to maximize the efficiency of the current and future transportation system. 139 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix A: Tukwila Population Characteristics 140 T UrKWILA T RAN POR A.TION ELEMENT Note: American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2020) were used for consistency across demographic statistics presented under the Demographics section of the document as well as Appendix A. The Decennial Census asks fewer questions than the ACS and there are limited statistics that can be pulled from the Decennial Census aside from total population. To present more information on population characteristics and to maintain consistency, all data was sourced from the 2020 ACS 5-year estimates Table Al. Total Population (B01003) Estimate Total 20,265 Source: 2016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. Table A2. Median Age By Sex (B01002) Estimate Total: 36 Male 36 Female 37 Source: 2016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. 141 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table A3. Age (B01001) Estimate Percent Total: 20,265 Under 5 Years 1,279 6.3% 5 To 9 Years 1,077 5.3% 10 To 14 Years 1,318 6.5% 15 To 17 Years 618 3.0% 18 And 19 Years 479 2.4% 20 Years 153 0.8% 21 Years 250 1.2% 22 To 24 Years 881 4.3% 25 To 29 Years 2,094 10.3% 30 To 34 Years 1,644 8.1% 35 To 39 Years 1,810 8.9% 40 To 44 Years 1,553 7.7% 45 To 49 Years 1,361 6.7% 50 To 54 Years 1,097 5.4% 55 To 59 Years 1,215 6.0% 60 And 61 Years 534 2.6% 62 To 64 Years 529 2.6% 65 And 66 Years 430 2.1% 67 To 69 Years 349 1.7% 70 To 74 Years 637 3.1% 75 To 79 Years 513 2.5% 80 To 84 Years 225 1.1% 85 Years And Over 219 1.1% Source: 2016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. 142 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table A4. Race (B02001) White Alone Estimate 6,234 Percent 30.8% Black or African American Alone 4,157 20.5% American Indian and Alaska Native Alone 67 0.3% Asian Alone 5,320 26.3% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Alone 444 2.2% Some Other Race Alone 2,697 13.3% Two or More Races: 1,346 6.6% Two Races Including Some Other Race 180 0.9% Two Races Excluding Some Other Race, and Three or More Races 1,166 5.8% Source: 2016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. Table AS. Place of Birth By Nativity and Citizenship Status (B05002) Estimate Percent Native: 11,828 58.4% Born Outside The United States: 406 2.0% Puerto Rico 0 0.0% U.S. Island Areas 117 0.6% Born Abroad Of American Parent(S) 289 1.4% Foreign Born: 8,437 41.6% Naturalized U.S. Citizen 4,547 22.4% Europe 373 1.8% Asia 2,295 11.3% Africa 1,370 6.8% Oceania 154 0.8% Latin America 328 1.6% Northern America 27 0.1% Not A U.S. Citizen 3,890 19.2% Europe 103 0.5% Asia 1,869 9.2% Africa 446 2.2% Oceania 45 0.2% Latin America 1,424 7.0% Northern America 3 0.0% Source: 2016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. 143 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix B: Vehicle LOS Results for the Urban Center Corridor Analysis, and Mid - Day & PM Peak Hour TUKWILA TRAM PORTATIr)N ELEMENT Table B1. Existing 2018 Corridor LOS - Weekday Mid -day Peak Hour Corridor ID Southcenter Corridor Intersection ID Intersection Delay (s) Average Delay* (s) Corridor LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 38 35 C 22 44 52 17 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 2 12 B 33 19 34 13 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 4 17 B 37 5 38 32 52 17 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 31 25 C 53 17 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 13 24 C 35 13 38 32 39 31 40 26 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 32 30 C 42 30 45 27 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 31 26 C 43 23 46 23 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 11 10 A 44 17 54 4 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 11 21 C 42 30 43 23 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 17 29 C 45 27 46 23 47 40 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 29 28 C 32 27 40 26 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Source: Fehr & Peers, IDAX Data Solutions, StreetLight Data, 2018. 145 TUKWILA TRAM PORTATIr)N ELEMENT Table 82. Existing 2018 Corridor LOS - Weekday PM Peak Hour Corridor ID Southcenter Corridor Intersection ID Intersection Delay (s) Average Delay* (s) Corridor LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 38 55 D 22 96 52 22 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 3 14 B 33 19 34 16 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 4 18 B 37 4 38 30 52 22 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 30 24 C 53 15 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 16 24 C 35 17 38 30 39 30 40 28 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 30 30 C 42 26 45 32 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 30 27 C 43 20 46 27 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 12 13 B 44 22 54 5 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 12 18 B 42 26 43 20 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 22 40 D 45 32 46 27 47 61 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 80 53 D 32 35 40 28 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Source: Fehr & Peers, IDAX Data Solutions, StreetLight Data, 2018. 146 TUKWILA TRAM PORTATIr)I,i ELEMENT Table 83. Existing 2018 Corridor LOS - Weekend Mid -day Peak Hour Corridor ID Southcenter Corridor Intersection Intersection Average ID Delay (s) Delay* (s) Corridor LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 35 56 E 22 98 52 22 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 6 20 B 33 32 34 21 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 6 22 C 37 12 38 38 52 22 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 39 30 C 53 18 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 21 28 C 35 20 38 38 39 39 40 26 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 38 41 D 42 26 45 51 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 39 49 D 43 23 46 70 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 23 15 B 44 19 54 4 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 23 24 C 42 26 43 23 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 19 56 E 45 51 46 70 47 70 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 34 30 C 32 26 40 26 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Source: Fehr & Peers, IDAX Data Solutions, StreetLight Data, 2018. 147 TUKWILA TRAM PORTATInIq ELEMENT Table B4. Existing 2018 Corridor LOS - Weekend PM Peak Hour Corridor ID Southcenter Corridor Intersection Intersection Average ID Delay (s) Delay* (s) Corridor LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 46 65 E 22 98 52 44 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 13 30 C 33 54 34 22 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 6 C 27 37 8 38 37 52 44 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 40 31 C 53 16 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 22 29 C 35 19 38 37 39 40 40 28 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 37 30 C 42 30 45 23 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 40 36 D 43 23 46 41 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 21 16 B 44 21 54 4 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 21 24 C 42 30 43 23 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 21 48 D 45 23 46 41 47 83 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 53 41 D 32 34 40 28 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Source: Fehr & Peers, IDAX Data Solutions, StreetLight Data, 2018. 148 TL)KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table B5. 2044 No Action Corridor LOS - Weekday Mid -day Peak Hour Corridor ID Southcenter Corridor Intersection ID Intersection Delay (s) Average Delay* (s) Corridor LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 60 80 E 22 105 52 73 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 15 17 B 33 22 34 15 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 10 37 D 37 9 38 38 52 73 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 34 37 D 53 40 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 15 29 C 35 19 38 38 39 34 40 35 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 38 45 D 42 51 45 49 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 34 30 C 43 18 46 33 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 15 15 B 44 20 54 11 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 1 28 C 42 51 43 18 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 20 47 D 45 49 46 33 47 67 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 104 74 E 32 58 40 35 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2024. 149 TL)KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table B6. 2044 No Action Corridor LOS - Weekday PM Peak Hour Corridor ID Southcenter Corridor Intersection ID Intersection Delay (s) Average Delay* (s) Corridor LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 83 80 E 22 93 52 48 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 59 48 D 33 53 34 40 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 9 42 D 37 12 38 67 52 48 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 47 37 D 53 26 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 40 64 E 35 41 38 67 39 47 40 118 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 67 62 E 42 37 45 72 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 47 43 D 43 15 46 58 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 25 26 C 44 34 54 19 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 2W W6 C 42 37 43 15 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 34 88 F 45 72 46 58 47 140 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 135 114 F 32 78 40 118 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Bold text highlight corridors with LOS exceeding the City's current policy. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2024. 150 TL)KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table B7. 2044 No Action Corridor LOS - Weekend Mid -day Peak Hour Corridor ID Southcenter Corridor Intersection Intersection Average ID Delay (s) Delay* (s) Corridor LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 67 100 F 22 135 52 96 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 19 41 D 33 73 34 29 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 10 49 D 37 21 38 44 52 96 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 44 50 D 53 56 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 29 38 D 35 47 38 44 39 44 40 27 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 44 52 D 42 39 45 67 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 44 67 E 43 24 46 108 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 90 52 D 44 47 54 20 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 90 57 E 42 39 43 24 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 47 89 F 45 67 46 108 47 116 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 134 82 F 32 28 40 27 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Bold text highlight corridors with LOS exceeding the City's current policy. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2024. 151 TL)KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table B8. 2044 No Action Corridor LOS - Weekend PM Peak Hour Corridor Intersection ID Southcenter Corridor ID Intersection Delay (s) Average Corridor Delay* (s) LOS 1 61st Avenue S Bridge/Tukwila Parkway from Southcenter Boulevard to Andover Park W 31 56 92 F 22 118 52 113 2 Southcenter Parkway/Strander Boulevard from Nordstrom Entrance to 61st Place S 29 17 42 D 33 75 34 32 3 Andover Park W from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 36 23 67 E 37 30 38 75 52 113 4 Andover Park E from Tukwila Parkway to Strander Boulevard 39 53 47 D 53 40 5 Strander Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 34 32 48 D 35 47 38 75 39 53 40 35 6 Andover Park W from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 38 75 54 D 42 43 45 35 7 Andover Park E from Strander Boulevard to S 180th Street 39 53 51 D 43 15 46 72 8 Southcenter Parkway from S 168th Street to S 180th Street 41 49 31 C 44 27 54 16 9 Minkler Boulevard from Southcenter Parkway to Andover Park E 41 49 37 D 42 43 43 15 10 S 180th Street from Southcenter Parkway to W Valley Highway 44 27 61 E 45 35 46 72 47 89 11 W Valley Highway from Southcenter Boulevard to Strander Boulevard 25 153 106 F 32 76 40 35 Notes: *The tabulated corridor average delay is volume weighted. Bold text highlight corridors with LOS exceeding the City's current policy. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2024. 152 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT PLACEHOLDER PAGE: REMOVE THIS PAGE AND INSERT ALL SIMTRAFFIC PDFS TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix C: Vehicle LOS Results for the Study Intersection Analysis PM Peak Hour TL)KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table C1. Existing 2018 PM Peak Hour LOS in Tukwila ID Intersection Location Intersection Control Average Delay (s) LOS 1 ^ Boeing Access Road / E Marginal Way Signal 37 D 2^ Boeing Access Road / Martin Luther King Way Signal 43 D 3 S 112th Street / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 8 A 4 S 112th Street / E Marginal Way TWSC 17 C 5 S 116th Way / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 20 B 6 S 116th Street / E Marginal Way TWSC 39 E 7 S 130th Street / Tukwila International Blvd Signal 9 A 8 S 130th Street / East Marginal Way AWSC 10 A 9j 42nd Avenue S / Interurban Avenue S Signal 35 D 10 S 124th Street / 42nd Avenue S AWSC 13 B 11 S 124th Street / 50th PI S AWSC 8 A 12 S 133rd Street / SR 599 Ramps TWSC 24 C 13 52nd Avenue S / Interurban Avenue S Signal 8 A 14 S 144th Street / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 27 C 15 S 144th Street / 42nd Avenue S Signal 13 B 16 S 144th Street / 53rd Avenue S TWSC 25 C 17 S 144th Street / Macadam Road S TWSC 14 B 18 58th Avenue S / Interurban Avenue S Signal 10 A 19 Southcenter Boulevard / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 33 C 20 Southcenter Blvd / 42nd Avenue S Signal 24 C 21 Southcenter Boulevard / 1-405 SB Off -ramp TWSC 92 F 22* Southcenter Boulevard / 61st Avenue S Signal 96 F 23^ Southcenter Boulevard / 66th Avenue S Signal 39 D 24 1-405 SB Ramps / W Valley Highway Signal 43 D 25* Southcenter Boulevard / W Valley Highway Signal 80 F 26 S 160th Street / 42nd Avenue S AWSC 12 B 27 SR 518 EB Off -ramp / Klickitat Drive TWSC 28 D 28^ Klickitat Drive / 53rd Avenue S Signal 53 D 29* Southcenter Parkway / Northwest Mall Driveway TWSC 3 A 30* Tukwila Parkway / Northwest Mall Driveway TWSC 5 A 31* Tukwila Parkway / 61st Avenue S Signal 38 D 32* 1-405 NB Ramps / W Valley Highway Signal 35 D 33* 1-5 Exit 153 Off -ramp / Southcenter Parkway Signal 19 B 34* Strander Boulevard / Southcenter Parkway Signal 16 B 35* Strander Boulevard / 61st Place S Signal 17 B 36* Andover Park W / Tire Center Driveway TWSC 4 A 155 TL)KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT ID Intersection Location Intersection Control Average LOS Delay (s) 37* Andover Park W / Southeast Mall Driveway TWSC 4 A 38* Strander Boulevard / Andover Park W Signal 30 C 39* Strander Boulevard / Andover Park E Signal 30 C 40* Strander Boulevard / W Valley Highway Signal 28 C 41* Minkler Boulevard / Southcenter Parkway Signal 12 B 42* 1 Minkler Boulevard / Andover Park W Signal 26 C 43* Minkler Boulevard / Andover Park E Signal 20 C 44* S 180th Street / Southcenter Parkway Signal 22 C 45* S 180th Street / Andover Park W Signal 32 C 46* S 180th Street / Andover Park E Signal 27 C 47* S 180th Street / W Valley Highway Signal 61 E 48 Southcenter Parkway / S 184th PI Signal 20 B 49^ S 200th Street / Orillia Road S Signal 41 D 50^ S 200th Street / Southcenter Parkway Signal 22 C 51 Southcenter Boulevard / 65th Avenue S TWSC 21 C 52* Tukwila Parkway / Andover Park W Signal 22 C 53* Tukwila Parkway / Andover Park E Signal 15 B 54* Southcenter Parkway / S 168th Street Signal 5 A Notes: "Intersections analyzed using HCM 2000 methodology instead of HCM 6th edition due to unusual geometry or unusual signal phasing. *Study intersections within the Southcenter area where the City's corridor LOS policy applies. The tabulated vehicle delay values for these intersections are from SimTraffic analysis; these were used to determine corridor LOS based on a vehicle -volume -weighted average. For two-way stop -controlled intersections in this subset, the average intersection delay for all approaches is reported. Bold text highlight study intersections with LOS exceeding the City's current policy or WSDOT standards. Source: Fehr & Peers, IDAX Data Solutions, StreetLight Data, 2018. 156 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Table C2. 2044 No Action - PM Peak Hour LOS in Tukwila ID Intersection Location IntersectionControI Average Delay LOS 1 A Boeing Access Road / E Marginal Way Signal 54 D 2^ Boeing Access Road / Martin Luther King Way Signal 56 E 3 S 112th Street / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 11 B 4 S 112th Street / E Marginal Way TWSC 21 C 5 S 116th Way / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 29 C 6 S 116th Street / E Marginal Way TWSC 125 F 7 S 130th Street / Tukwila International Blvd Signal 17 B 8 S 130th Street / East Marginal Way AWSC 19 C 9 42nd Avenue S / Interurban Avenue S Signal 49 D 10 S 124th Street / 42nd Avenue S AWSC 35 D 11 S 124th Street / 50th PI S AWSC 9 A 12 S 133rd Street / SR 599 Ramps TWSC >150 F 13 52nd Avenue S / Interurban Avenue S Signal 9 A 14 S 144th Street / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 37 D 15 S 144th Street / 42nd Avenue S Signal 17 B 16 S 144th Street / 53rd Avenue S TWSC >150 F 17 S 144th Street / Macadam Road S TWSC 41 E 18 58th Avenue S / Interurban Avenue S Signal 15 B 19 Southcenter Boulevard / Tukwila International Boulevard Signal 61 E 20 Southcenter Blvd / 42nd Avenue S Signal 71 E 21 Southcenter Boulevard /1-405 SB Off -ramp TWSC >150 F 22* Southcenter Boulevard / 61st Avenue S Signal 93 F 23A Southcenter Boulevard / 66th Avenue S Signal 63 E 24 1-405 SB Ramps / W Valley Highway Signal 62 E 25* Southcenter Boulevard / W Valley Highway Signal 135 F 26 S 160th Street / 42nd Avenue S AWSC 21 C 27 SR 518 EB Off -ramp / Klickitat Drive TWSC 59 F 28A Klickitat Drive / 53rd Avenue S Signal 68 E 29* Southcenter Parkway / Northwest Mall Driveway TWSC 59 E 30* Tukwila Parkway / Northwest Mall Driveway TWSC 66 E 31* Tukwila Parkway / 61st Avenue S Signal 83 F 32* 1-405 NB Ramps / W Valley Highway Signal 78 E 33* 1-5 Exit 153 Off -ramp / Southcenter Parkway Signal 53 D 34* Strander Boulevard / Southcenter Parkway Signal 40 D 35* Strander Boulevard / 61st Place S Signal 41 D 36* Andover Park W / Tire Center Driveway TWSC 9 A 37* Andover Park W / Southeast Mall Driveway TWSC 12 B 157 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT ID Intersection Location IntersectionControI Average Delay LOS 38* Strander Boulevard / Andover Park W Signal 67 E 39* Strander Boulevard / Andover Park E Signal 47 D 40* Strander Boulevard / W Valley Highway Signal 118 F 41* Minkler Boulevard / Southcenter Parkway Signal * 25 C 42* Minkler Boulevard / Andover Park W Signal 37 D 43* Minkler Boulevard / Andover Park E Signal 15 B 44* S 180th Street / Southcenter Parkway Signal 34 C 45* S 180th Street / Andover Park W Signal 72 E 46* S 180th Street / Andover Park E Signal 58 E 47* S 180th Street / W Valley Highway Signal 140 F 48 Southcenter Parkway / S 184th PI Signal 25 C 49^ S 200th Street / Orillia Road S Signal 68 E 50^ S 200th Street / Southcenter Parkway Signal 64 E 51 Southcenter Boulevard / 65th Avenue S Signal 77 E 52* Tukwila Parkway / Andover Park W Signal 48 D 53* Tukwila Parkway / Andover Park E Signal 26 C 54* Southcenter Parkway / S 168th Street Signal 19 B Notes: ^Intersections analyzed using HCM 2000 methodology instead of HCM 6th edition due to unusual geometry or unusual signal phasing. *Study intersections within the Southcenter area where the City's corridor LOS policy applies. The tabulated vehicle delay values for these intersections are from SimTraffic analysis; these were used to determine corridor LOS based on a vehicle -volume -weighted average. For two-way stop -controlled intersections in this subset, the average intersection delay for all approaches is reported. Bold text highlight study intersections with LOS exceeding the City's current policy or WSDOT standards. Source: Fehr & Peers, 2024. 158 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT PLACEHOLDER PAGE: REMOVE THIS PAGE AND INSERT ALL SYNCHRO PDFS 159 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix D: Existing Transit Service in Tukwila 160 MEMORANDUM To: Emily Alice Allhart, Fehr & Peers Tino Jonga, Fehr & Peers From: Peter Soderberg, Nelson\Nygaard Lela Cooper, Nelson\Nygaard Date: July 30, 2024 Subject: Tukwila Transit Element Strategies Memorandum BACKGROUND This memorandum provides an overview of Tukwila's existing transit network, opportunities and challenges, and specific recommendations and strategies the City of Tukwila can use to further improve the transit network and foster a more accessible transportation system. By focusing on the transit services currently providing service to and from Tukwila, and how these services are utilized, recommendations are discussed based on expected growth scenarios and community goals, as well as recommendations related to programmatic needs, and large capital investment priorities for advocacy efforts. Existing Conditions and System Overview King County Metro (Metro) offers five traditional fixed -route services, two RapidRide routes, one Demand Area Response (DART) route, and Metro Flex on -demand service within the City of Tukwila. Sound Transit provides light rail service on the 1 Line to Tukwila International Boulevard Station and Sounder commuter rail service to Tukwila Station. The highest ridership activity occurs at two locations that are served by multiple lines and modes: ■ Tukwila International Boulevard Station, served by local bus, RapidRide, and the 1 Line. Average daily boardings in October 2021 for Link light rail were 1,960 and bus boardings were 5,337 for a total of 7,338 at the station. ■ Andover Park West/Southcenter Mall, served by local bus and RapidRide F Line. Passengers can connect to the Tukwila Sounder station to the east using the RapidRide F Line. Average daily boardings in this location during October 2021 were 3,325. 161 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure Dl. Tukwila Existing Transit Service I 1,5 co Bouncier), Tuhyaz Par,cp Ream Typo - <CM En.es.t. %Ate - (CM F.Itveul nirule - Link 1.0.1.Pluol - (CMLel Route - %undo Line Future Transit Options 162 1.1 K ltl l _ 0:1 7 R. A. 154 a Y' ,-r T � ' [.! E _ [ `'Jl ; !'.1 During peak travel times on weekdays, there are four services that provide 15-minute or better frequency: ■ Metro Route 150 • Metro RapidRide A Line • Metro RapidRide F Line ■ Sound Transit 1 Line Local Route Frequency During peak travel times on weekdays, Routes 124, 128, and 156 provide service at 30-minute frequencies or better. These routes serve local stops in Tukwila in addition to serving surrounding communities and Downtown Seattle. • Metro Route 124 • Metro Route 128 ■ Metro Route 156 On -Demand Services Two different on -demand services are available within the City of Tukwila to transport riders directly to some destinations within the City or to transit stops with more service and higher frequencies. Dial -A -Ride Transit (DART) is a service operated by King County Metro that operates within communities that have a need for more flexible service due to lower population density, greater distances, and fewer available fixed route options. DART Route 906 serves Tukwila every hour or better and can deviate from its route by request to allow for residents to make connections to other transit options or their home. Metro Flex is an on -demand service that is also available within a defined boundary of Tukwila. Metro Flex allows anyone within the defined service area to hail a ride using a mobile app or phone call for transportation to a transit stop with frequent service. In Tukwila, Metro Flex can be used within the defined area to provide transportation to Tukwila International Boulevard Station and the Tukwila Community Center. 163 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Community and Stakeholder Priorities Based on the existing transit network serving the City of Tukwila, there are opportunities to improve transit reliability and viability in coordination with identified community priorities. Through surveying and outreach efforts conducted in Spring 2024, community members had the opportunity to provide feedback on their goals for the City of Tukwila's transit system, including: • Access to new destinations - Community members highlighted a desire for the transit system to expand service to new destinations more effectively within the City. In particular, the Tukwila Library (located on Tukwila International Boulevard and S 144th St), as well as the Tukwila Community Center and surrounding Allentown neighborhood. • Safety — Residents emphasized a goal for improved safety conditions for riders. This included improved bus stop lighting conditions, and further on -board security measures, and safety measures at bus stops and Sounder/Link Light Rail stations, especially during times with lower ridership. • Improved Amenities —Community members underscored the need for improved amenities at bus stops and rail stations, with particular emphasis on bus stop amenities. Increased availability of benches at stops and stations, as well as improved access to bus shelters were identified as community amenity priorities. In addition to stop amenities improvements, improved parking access and availability at stations and park -and -rides were also identified as an opportunity to ensure that transit users can find adequate parking availability at facilities on high commute days. Community members also indicated several service priorities to improve the existing transit network. • Improved Frequency — Community members highlighted the desire for improved frequencies allowing for more consistent use of transit. During peak travel times on weekdays, there are currently four services that provide 15-minute or better frequency, and three routes providing 30- minute or better frequency. • Southcenter Circulator Service — Residents emphasized a desire to implement a potential circulator service connecting Southcenter with other areas in the city. • Improved Regional Bus Service — Riders indicated a desire for improved regional bus connectivity to supplement existing transit service. This includes frustration that other regional express bus lines pass by Tukwila without making a stop for riders and presents an opportunity for increased connectivity. Residents indicated a desire for improved Eastside connectivity with the only existing connection existing via the F RapidRide Line. • First- Last -Mile Connectivity — Community and stakeholder engagement also emphasized the importance of first- last -mile connections in ensuring a reliable and effective transit network in Tukwila. This includes connecting existing sidewalk and bicycle network gaps and ensuring higher rider familiarity with Metro Flex on -demand service from King County Metro. 164 T UKWII A TRAN POF ATION ELW +IENIF Challenges and Considerations In addition to the opportunities and identified community priorities, there are also several challenges and considerations for transit service and accessibility in Tukwila. These challenges include: • Land Use, Density, and Barriers — In Tukwila the highest density areas and employment centers are generally served by the existing transit network, but areas outside these major destinations face gaps in service that limit connectivity for many residents. Additionally, the City has physical challenges that create barriers to access, with freeways, rail lines, and the Green/Duwamish River impeding some options for fixed -route service. While a challenge, this also lends to the potential for more flexible transit service to be implemented in key areas of the City. • Infrastructure Availability — In order to support transit, some infrastructural investments are needed. Particularly, in North Tukwila, there are limited transit facilities and several gaps in the sidewalk network compared to the Tukwila core area. • 42nd Ave S Bridge Replacement — The 42nd Ave S Bridge is an important arterial and nearing its lifespan. The City is currently evaluating plans for the bridge, with construction expected to begin after 2026. • Boeing Access Road Station Project — Another consideration for transit investment in Tukwila is the building of a proposed Sound Transit infill station at Boeing Access Road (BAR) in Tukwila. This project would add a new station to the existing 1 Line network and was approved in the ST3 system plan. The location of the station has yet to be finalized, but is open at this time (2024) for public opinion based on two options: adjacent to the Sounder tracks on Boeing Access Road, or further south along E Marginal Way S near S 112th Street. • Pedestrian Access to Transit — Within Tukwila, sidewalk network gaps were identified throughout the area, including key connection points for the existing transit network. These gaps in pedestrian infrastructure make transit usage and connectivity more difficult and less safe for riders. Northwest Tukwila has the greatest need for improved sidewalk conditions. RECOMMENDATIONS AND STRATEGIES Based on the existing transit network, community priorities, and identified challenges and opportunities, recommendations and strategies to improve transit service and access to transit were determined in coordination with stakeholders. Recommendations for Tukwila can be broken down into the following main categories: ■ Transit Service Improvements ■ Transit Amenities and Facilities ■ Access to Transit 165 Transit Service Improvements Service Enhancements and Expansion Opportunities The Metro Connects Long Range Plan identifies prioritized service improvements through the year 2050 based on projected growth patterns and demand for service. Within this plan, Route 150 (frequent service between Kent and Downtown Seattle), was identified as a potential future RapidRide corridor. The City of Tukwila should continue to work with Metro to develop this service and continue to incentivize and encourage growth and new development around planned high -capacity transit improvements. The finalization of Sound Transit's Boeing Access Road infill Line 1 station is of importance for the City of Tukwila and Metro to consider in planning future service and connectivity, when coordinating local service. The City of Tukwila should continue working with Sound Transit and other regional partners to advocate for the development of this station as well as supporting bus -rail transfer infrastructure to ensure seamless connectivity between transit modes in the northern area of the City. Community members also expressed interest in improved transit service in the Southcenter area, which could be addressed through a potential Southcenter circulator service or on -demand service, similar to Metro Flex. Such a service would provide circulation service within the Southcenter neighborhood and provide connections to existing neighborhood amenities such as connecting transit, shopping, employment, and amenities. The City should explore opportunities internally and with other regional partners to identify potential service options to improve mobility within the Southcenter area, either through expanded services or new programmatic options. In addition to exploration of a circulator or on -demand circulator service at Southcenter, residents indicated a need for improved transit connections at Southcenter as a whole, including Eastside connections. The City of Tukwila should further work with Sound Transit to support Southcenter's growth as the regional center of Tukwila and ensure it has the needed transit network and last -mile connections. Metro Flex Service Community feedback and stakeholder engagement also identified enhanced first and last mile connections and improved ease of access for local trips from the City's transit network as an opportunity for improvement. King County Metro's on -demand transit service Metro Flex provides an opportunity to conveniently address these needs by providing service in areas with lower densities or barriers that inhibit fixed -route service. 166 1 To improve the Metro Flex service, Tukwila should consider advocating with King County Metro for an expanded Metro Flex zone, specifically to provide enhanced connections to the south to serve Southcenter, as well as further east to Tukwila Station (Figure D2). These recommendations for expanded service are based on both anticipated future growth, as well as rider needs and the opportunity to connect to Sounder and additional transit service. Paramount to the success of Metro Flex service and the suggested service enhancements is effective marketing and rider familiarity. Tukwila should prioritize working further with Metro to market the service throughout the City to enhance rider familiarity and usage. These efforts should be concentrated in areas with Figure D2. Existing Tukwila Metro Flex Service Area high need, such as low vehicle ownership or limited existing transit connections. Marketing f' efforts should also provide further clarity about the service and how it can be used to further reduce barriers to rider usage. Rider Safety To address rider safety and experience concerns, Tukwila can encourage improved on -board safety amenities by partnering with Metro and Sound Transit to ensure on -board safety measures in addition to stop amenities/safety improvements. In addition, efforts can be made to explore safety concerns at transit center and Link Light Rail stations, by coordinating with Metro and Sound Transit for improved platform and entrance conditions. Transit Amenities and Facilities Community feedback indicated that improved bus amenities were an identified priority, particularly, additional shelters at bus stops. While many stops in the City have shelters either provided by Metro or the City of Tukwila, there remain stops with high ridership activity without shelters, resulting in a less satisfying user experience. This section highlights the highest priority bus stops for investment in improved amenities based on average daily boardings. Boeing Access Road Station Members of the community commonly identified a lack of transit facilities in the northern portion of the City of Tukwila. The proposed Boeing Access Road Station would ameliorate this concern and create a key regional link for the City of Tukwila. The City should continue to work with Sound Transit to advance the 167 TirKWIL TRAF'..1 Tl' C'! E_[`'Jl; l'.;: planning for this rail station and incentivize the necessary surrounding development activity to support station area activity and encourage seamless bus -rail transfer integrations in the immediate station area. Transit Stop Amenities and Rider Experience King County Metro classifies stops outside of the City of Seattle with 25 or more average boardings per day as eligible for bus shelters. RapidRide stops with less than 50 average riders are eligible for standard RapidRide stops, and those with over 50 riders are eligible for enhanced stop amenities which include larger shelters, real-time arrival information, and other amenities. Tukwila currently has 16 bus stops with no bus shelters and more than 25 average boardings per day as shown in Table Dl. Of these stops, 5 stops have over 50 boardings per day, shown in bold text. Prioritizing improved amenities at these stops will help to improve the rider experience and align with King County Metro's guidelines for stop amenities. The highest priority stops are along Tukwila International Boulevard at 148tt' and 152nd Street. These stops have the highest ridership and no shelters available. Additional priority stops include Southcenter Boulevard & Park Place, Strander Boulevard & Andover Park E, and Andover Park W & S 180th Street. These stops represent an opportunity to pursue the addition of bus shelter amenities while meeting King County Metro's defined ridership guidelines and improve rider experience. These stops fall along some of the area's most utilized transit lines, including Routes 150, 128, and F Line shown in Figure D3. 168 1 Table Dl. Tukwila bus stops with no bus shelters and more than 25 average daily boardings Stop ID Stop Location Average Daily Boardings 40813 S 144th St & 42nd Ave S 37.3 41119 42nd Ave S & S 144th St 47 41128 S 144th St & Pacific Hwy S 39.2 54202 Southcenter Blvd & 52nd Ave S 37.5 54203 Southcenter Blvd & Park Place* 32.2 54204 Southcenter Blvd & Park Place* 52.3 54205 Southcenter Blvd & 53rd Ave S* 26.5 54206 Southcenter Blvd & 42nd Ave S* 47.4 58111 Strander Blvd & Andover Park E* 37 58113 Strander Blvd & W Valley Hwy 45.4 59833 Strander Blvd & Andover Park E* 59.3 60380 Andover Park W & S 180th St 54.2 60920 Tukwila Intl Blvd & S 152nd St 188.5 60930 Tukwila Intl Blvd & S 148th St 76.2 61000 Tukwila Intl Blvd & S 133rd St 26.4 61040 Tukwila Intl Blvd & S 148th St 41.9 RapidRide service stops with only bench amenities. Data Source: King County Metro Boarding Data (2021), King County Metro Bus Shelter Data (2024). Within the identified stops with over 25 average daily boardings and no bus shelters, five provide RapidRide service to the F Line, as shown asterisked in Table D1. While these stops had benches available, other amenities were limited and provide a potential exploration for improved amenities. Ridership at these stops should continue to be monitored as they may be eligible for increased amenities or enhanced stop features from Metro. Additionally, while some bus stops did have shelters available, they lacked benches or seating for riders. Many of these stops were identified as City of Tukwila -managed bus shelter facilities along Tukwila International Boulevard. This represents another opportunity for the City to explore when evaluating additional amenity improvements such as bike racks , improved lighting, trash receptacles, and well -kept signage. 169 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure D3. Tukwila Bus Stops without Shelters Stops Without Bus Shelters Bus stops. n i.h more than 25 average deiIGy board trigs and na shelters Legend 25-50 Average Daily BoardIngs 54-T44 Average Daily hoardings • 11:10+ Average Daily Boar JI ngs Dem$aurce: CrAintyMouat2G2;1 — a— 1 Line Station — a— SounderSStatIOn Tukwila Boundary Iliiiiia( 0 E-20 4.$ T Mlle 170 TUKWILA TRAM POR ATlL:.r.! E_E`.fl: N Access to Transit Tukwila also has opportunities to improve accessibility and ensure folks are able to physically access the existing and planned future transit network. Pedestrian Accessibility to Transit A key strategy to improve accessibility to transit is through addressing ease of access and safety of riders to physically reach transit service. Specifically, this includes addressing pedestrian conditions and safety, through systematic improvements to existing sidewalk network gaps. These efforts should be first prioritized based on improving pedestrian facilities nearest to frequent transit service, while considering broader pedestrian connectivity as shown in Figure D4. Sidewalk network gaps are most prevalent in Northwest Tukwila, including areas currently serving the transit network. Main areas of potential sidewalk network improvements valuable to pedestrian access to transit include: • Tukwila International Boulevard - Tukwila International Boulevard has gaps in the sidewalk network particularly at the northern end of the boulevard before East Marginal Way, near SR 599. This area serves the local 124 Route. • 40th Avenue, 42nd Avenue S, and Macadam Road — Continuing east of Tukwila International Boulevard, 40th Avenue, 42nd Avenue S, and Macadam Road also have gaps in the sidewalk network. These streets serve and are near local route 128, as well as the Link Light Rail 1 Line which runs along Macadam Road S, as well as nearby 1-5. • 53rd Avenue SW - 53rd Avenue SW is also an area needing improved sidewalk facilities, as the area helps to support both local Route 150 as well as Route 128. • Allentown — Additional further improvements in the Allentown area of Tukwila would also help to support better pedestrian accessibility to transit. 50th Place S and S 124th Street are additional areas of priority for pedestrian infrastructure improvements. 171 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure D4. Tukwila Sidewalk Network Gaps I ; City Boundary Parks Sidewalk Policy Gap Sounder SFetions G Link Stations • I line tight RaiE Sounder S Line Commuter Rail RapidRide J(CM Local Routes 172 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix E: Public Outreach (Overview, Fact Sheet, Flyer, Poster, Engagement Boards) 173 -1.1I.'L+I E* .15•! .F -r�TI C•! Er,;; Outreach Overview As a first step to get the word out, the project team posted and distributed handouts (fact sheets, flyers, and posters) throughout the City and contacted community partners. Fact sheets, flyers, and posters detailed insight into the TE Update and provided a link to a survey and webmap requesting community input. English versions of the fact sheet, flyer, and poster are available in the following section. The shared project material was available in Spanish, Vietnamese, Somali, and English. The locations where the project team shared fact sheets, flyers, and posters included: Tukwila Community Center, Healthpoint Tukwila, Riverton Church, Abu Bakr Islamic Center of Washington, Saint Thomas Parish, Global to Local/Spice Bridge, Tukwila Library, Tukwila Village (senior housing), Saar's Super Saver Foods, Vietnamese Martyrs Parish, Somali Health Organization and Starfire Complex. In -person events The in -person events hosted in April 2023 and May 2023 are listed below. Tabling events: • Tukwila Community Center • Tukwila Library • Tukwila Elementary School • Saar's Super Saver Foods Focus groups: • Riverton Park United Methodist Church • Foster High School Figure 54. Focus Group at Riverton Park United Methodist Church Source: Fehr & Peers. 2023 During the in -person events (tabling and focus groups), the project team captured a total of 128 public comments and ideas related to the City's transportation system. Nearly one-third of comments captured focused on transit. Of the transit comments, many related to safety concerns while using public transit. Of the comments that highlighted issues with driving, about 40 percent specified a concern regarding cost or access. Lastly, approximately 15 percent of 174 comments pointed out walking and biking needs. From the in -person outreach efforts, there was overall support for the draft goals with an emphasis on safety and active transportation. Online Input The City of Tukwila website16 hosted project information related to the TE, including an incentivized17 online survey and an interactive webmap (Figure 55Error! Reference source not found.) to solicit feedback from the Tukwila residents and visitors. The online survey had questions about the draft goals and transportation experiences, while the webmap sought input on potential needs and improvements in specific locations, such as missing bicycle/pedestrian connections, high -stress crossings, challenging intersections, or near -miss locations. Based on the understanding that Tukwila is a diverse community, all project items were available in Spanish, Vietnamese, Somali, and English. In addition, the Google Translate option was available for all the other languages. 16 City of Tukwila. Transportation Element Update. https://www.tukwilawa.gov/departments/public-works/transportation/transportation-element-update/ 17 Survey participation was incentivized with the chance to win a $150 Visa gift card. 175 } Figure 55. Online Webmap Br lyh ton South Beacon Hill Par Park, - High lin Mt View I I Ihurst ark rSt Evans North Hill Source: Fehr & Peers. 2023 Dunlap Rainier Beach ainier IeW Lu h erid g e Park Greer) River Natural Bran Bryn Mawr - skyway Park biay Creels Seilrlyd Le Cedar Rho', RNT Newcastle May Creek Park Maplewood Gull Cuurse Maplewood �~ sues Creek Ell 0Er Park and Tr mil Cdal Creek East Renton Highlands Legend Cougar Mountain Reg'I Wildland Park Coalfield Cavanaugh Pond. NaLu ral Area Talus Opel 'Spare Cougar Sq Car ri do Cedar 0 k I have an issue with walking, rolling, or crossing here I have an issue with biking here M. I have an issue with drivingiparking here I have an issue with riding transit here I feel comfortable here (please describe) A I would like a walking route here O I would like a biking route here Ial VE About 80 unique respondents completed the survey and provided feedback on the draft goals in addition to the 67 comments that were added to the interactive webmap. The location -based comments pointed out the lack of bicycle and sidewalk connectivity. Several comments identified abrupt ends of bike lanes on busy streets, including Southcenter Boulevard, and other streets in the vicinity of Southcenter Mall. Similarly, respondents also noted challenges in the Southcenter Mall area for pedestrian connections. Additionally, respondents identified the Tukwila Community Center as an area of interest for sidewalk connections and transit access. Specifically for transit, several respondents revealed that the available transit routes do not reach all City neighborhoods, particularly the Metro Flex system. On the citywide scale, the community generally needs east -west connections via varying modes of transportation. Driving speed is also a citywide concern. A number of comments pointed out areas where traffic moves faster than the speed limit due to the underutilization of streets. 176 I.� K k':+ I _ F_ R. E , The project team documented a list of all proposed ideas from the community on improving transportation in Tukwila and these that have been used in developing project recommendations for the Transportation Element. The respondents' information on demographics and primary mode of travel is provided in Figure 56Error! Reference source not found.. To draw in participation, the Tukwila communications team posted social media messages on the City's Facebook page. Furthermore, the project team hosted several in -person events described in the previous section to engage with the Tukwila community and direct them to the developed online tools. Figure 56. Respondent Demographics Race • White Black or African American American Indian and Alaska Native • Asian • Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Prefer not to answer Other Primary language spoken at home • English • Spanish • Somali • Swahili Vietnamese Other Source: Fehr & Peers. 2023 Vehicle Public Transit Bike Walk Scooter Other Primary mode of travel 177 T UKWILA TRANSPf1P+ 4TIL:. r.! E_E`•fli N As shown in Figure 57Error! Reference source not found., there was overall support for the draft goals with an emphasis on safety and equity. Anecdotal comments from respondents related to transit safety included: "The stigma surrounding public transit affects my personal experiences with transit. Often the stigma seems to be reinforced as truth when you use transit." Figure 57. Online Input on Draft Transportation Goals 60 50 I 40 30 20 10 . . 0 Equity Safety Connectivity Adaptability Climate Justice Number of Respondents Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Source: Fehr & Peers. 2023 Multiple comments on transit east -west connectivity and access to the Tukwila Community Center and Allentown neighborhood in general were noted. The respondents highlighted the associated limitations for cyclists and transit riders. They pointed out the need for the City to focus investments on encouraging other travel options besides driving. One suggested protected bike infrastructure along Tukwila International Boulevard, Southcenter Boulevard, Andover, Interurban, and around the Community Center as a way to improve connectivity and address related safety concerns. 178 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Citg of Tukwila Comprehen lue Plan Transportation Element What is a TRRIISPORTAT1011 HIMEfIT? The Trans portatifln Element of the Comprehensive Plan is a plan that will serve the UPrnmunity's current arid future needs and establish Tukwifa's transportation goals and policies for the next 2C) years. ~h lit J„ 'WIVE r . forur ° sake (i.....u. ,I .coaalonspartatiou bemem r S ecificak the T AfSPORTAT10ir ELEID[AT will: Establish new goals and polities to guide City decision -making Improve safety, equity, aot~eveibility, reliability, end connectiuityior all road users and goods.rnovernent Develop a prioritized list of transportation projects and a Local Road Safety Plan Make recornmcridations on how to fund improvements. Project Timeline: This is YOUR Plan! Spring 2021 e cuss foals Share ideas experiences. Help us identify chollangee, provide input on needs, snd refine draft goes and priorities TgNe mg to the survey! 10113u should PRRTICIPRTE BECRLES : The City needs help making decisions related to trans portetion We need your input on current challenges and ideas about how to improve the Iran spo rta ti an network fail 2023 Re�Rear drolt programs and praion lists Help us refine anti prioritize policies, programs, end projects • Preseslt Eo Council Front draft Transportation Element update for Council adoption rim moEIE IIIFQR:fATIOf OR 10 C T CT IDS: Visit FEHR PEERS 179 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT \tiki a 1ranspoftation r melit We would like to HEAR FROM YOU! YOUR IDEAS ARE IITIPORTAflT TO US Share your thoughts on transportation in Tukwila in our online survey and interactive map. TukwiI . ov TukwiIaTE TL1KWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Cittg of Tukwila Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element How do you want to get around Tukwila? What's important to you? Tell Us! The tatty of Tukwila is launching a plan to improve transportation over the not 20 years. We need your help to identify issues and opportunities to help people more around the city. The Transportation Element of the Comprehensive Plan will serve the community's current and future needs and establish Tukwilas transpodation goals and policies for the next 20 years. a What you think matters! It's important to make your voice heard to help the City make transportation decisions. }• fi 4 Dansportalir bap" } . 4 Share your ideas in our survey and interactive map! We want to hear from you! Find us in person at one of our tabling events listed on our welasite, or use our online form to share your thoughts. Tukwilal A.gov/TukwiiaTE TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT City of Tukwila Corniraho right* Plan iron spat & n Ehnen! PROJECT OVERVIEW The Transportation Element of the Com orehensiVa Plan is a plan that will serve the community's currant and future needs and establish Tukwila's transportation goals and policies for the nett 20 years. $ CCifiCdlla!, the 1 RfSPEWlATIA I EIfli3Elli milt. - EstabIlsh now ggvaleand pelican to guide- City daoislori-rnetCirlo - Improve safety, equity, etcessibility, rellainilityr end connectivity far all road usarE. and -goads Movement Deveiap a prioritized list of ttertSpQrtation projects arid a Beet Road Safety Plan • Make ratcornrtlendations au how to fund improvements. You should ThtiCIPATE BECAUSE: • The City needs help making deailion4 raltited to tra respurtetion • Wr} need qur rnpyt on current challenges end ideas about how to improve the rL6ptrrtatlOr} n0te,ork Prefect Timeline: This is YOUR Plant ,Sr11tIFlr Zaii 1Yilrinr;ll4r il.Ip n .f.rhy chnhenges nroyin;o pout on north. and .% diet q.a■ and pr+onioto tonlirm wh.t vio hoard lry tno spring and id.Mifp any rria ry kids liaurnrr 2I 4 • Prer*nL drab Tran, al.IIon Domgnt omit -afar Council rdoprtan Transportation Element Goa Is In the first round of updates we heard that some of the words we used were hard to understand. Below are the updated goals that will shape the plan. 182 =UM Ensure fair access La heakny. affordable, reliable transportation options, livable places. and jobs. particularly for historically marginalized and vulrt6ratsic popuiabons Provide sate transportatlor 1ufreatrueture and improve personal comfort to to crnpha sir. Tukwila as a wcicomi ng place XDAPT14Yiirry INVIRIDNININNT maintain, expend and enhance hkwllaa multlmadai network. protjdolatly wilts, bike, rDII, and ttans7b* b o inerc*so mnibtlity options -where needs are greatest. Anticipate and plan for the community's evahring navels, new technologies, and opportunities for mobil ity. Plan, desican, and construe transportation projects that radusc greenhouse gas emissions, improve ronvrrunityr health, and prasact ! he natural environment. TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT City of Tukwila Carnorehe1Aiue Plan iilrnspariazieil Ehnen!! PUBLIC EDGAGE[DT 1IP plin141''lir¢ri RlrIS VIPII MILL ay were itpadlnerdliflialela. Oho IY sups ismi *IeIMWIandIF acids Dune netI' Th. Cagy ei Tu k w 118 void:r h i - i,ea d .J*i t I n Na.n. l a . arle F W ros the Tram l}elzFii } h E le rl it t I rLr LA i n g gin o Mina e., n.a s. and an it LLa ad.4r e.'a tn7ap to a a lie it SWAT & haul h amia a wl da nti arK}4is.ters Iherr-aleciLeers hasped swami rrprsc..lemits ta *mane with sheAdmits t nrrisnity aPid &nck them io the developed Qrine koala. The online survey waked About the draft goals and 'Tamara' tnmperramn oparlrn era, -.Mile .I a .Jahh'mp salad t p• Input an paten bpi arc —and irnara.ernerw Ir specrfc locations. 1114 VehRA* I PA:ills Trice!!! "%Lae MU II YIrl11 ;ai■lemL Walla Lrnrrtrerl atleuaie tall'. pone lip*reenes WIPP N align aria la nli Monti Y enema dui nelrg!Mee n>io on ern a4 6i FJIbi rd hat t.�Bl7i11 wrens le a wl.rarrlI gee Scoot!! a Olhrl What do you thin about these transportation ideas? Here ere the key themes we heard in the first round of public ensaagernent DIA ring the in -poison events (tabling and Focus groups}, the project teem captured e total of 126 public comments and ideas related to the City 's trensp4rtattpn system elearly otn-third ar comment!' a oloturad fD IJPed air traryc,l't, 04 the t!rtrcii t =cfrl merits., rower! *elated to safety concerns while using public krar,s t Apprcxi mn to ly 16% ar comments p411ttE d out walking and biking needs. 5'r lira heythgmef nokgid fray cemmtriltyr Input included: 'Rs Milt ahrUty, rellebddy, and amenities Expanding the bipycle natwors Fining srdcwalk gaps Costs lassociatred with itrwInLa aid we hear you correctly? What did we miss? Vote for your top 3 ideas, I l Ih. .1 . a1 rend a.nrl bill I Skill nd. aY �.0 Lh 1. 1 arellU OF GCDK. a11u IYr5 co s o I I yJ Owe!. n i x Ira usu r Tity .si ge r�na ui r.11my tr • kW1 atunLrl I In.lryL I.F L'we*] ..I.a1 uo'MM4Nyli. 1IIYw1. rnti •n happy .tilt rotikon. : 1r. iaw.ill fi.rrelll.wwaa. Mu htilrra a.prnma III Irra = ar pane yY..a-' " 1a=0. Lh. Tr.rthillrrl tear reatnftlitL MIN gams Inurr.F.M,.l..u• klri xlw rnmirrthrnie Sum wrrijhJeoa DAP roof 111..1 arlo u11'4r'r •4'4JIIrq 140.thiprIsmi L mpium-el aryl alum nraw. sir roomil alb 11..ree M.11 I L'* ehdle,04,1 lb KIF lldrl.J die 7n,llnrwrIr9a.1 r1.. I mod ellY.Into alit. iu all a Ile* n'rwit 44.11-ua k-.r14k.FIa cernrrsee [atkr.ill • 1 riltl nib liner ma. II it iarhml al !TOBI S:TM .!tern!. lrL r.n! mu r-* ...L W waei n. Ell rant. jJ'.'M..seanlrOF Or.raim r..1l. mimyil6a J1.11.} Jr'e.{OW ye. 4I'1..1U INrV L"IIunR.Lrnrmil>f.oh..n. ru1Lan,..umyla-. I wsU r w p...uh..• n1 ear=u.v.l.r1a Y! in YLaTrt}. rhtprili._.11 [MS lie.'strt ttb -Null Ale lC .LNr1en, !rdIMiu In tM R.el _mArhs rrllftL Fl • r .c..r. n I F a4}F T: S as * 1 P gal r'LYw 11 Dank v. a.ra.4 mhooalra[marnucllw ar %me urian Ira.l1'ru Thrllp 111 Nl4 tl•erla In the Ir1Fll}7 Lb_t,M wd 183 TL KWILA TRANSPORT ATION ELEMENT Cft9 of Tukwlla Canprehensrue Plir Transportation Dement WHAT DO YOU TU1 ABOUT THESE pbct atheDes weh# hoa rd s h, oorr ctly? TRAI1 PORTfTIOO AIf1111E[1T ? Vote your top 5 ideas! , fLRr.4Tr4NLL ALAIIMI • 22 RI TR RnSIT Bektnr.ecuritr a+rd renfmcerna,t et TIB She! ion 10 Nord hel'artransit carrrxU4ne obtw on LJ Igh! roil 404 So 4muist 24 Want L4vat lamare pieces from Ihelilkwlle S.snni.e Sul fart And harm itiamo r..rw.ni rrlpr COMMEIlS 111111116 OOIES 5 Warn ,a Mke w 5..trl. ,w AI Marpleal Wa}r S. it. hard to lithe to 0acirg FlulQ Gaergatown End S90g11 It urea mtartaale to bake air 54J;hcarHe.- Owl ova nit Wont Lunar unnociians o4 bike la blcMIrken v13 51st AY! S SauL14s.1ter144 4 dllssuIL fa ,.aura 6x gika. Want hike to Parton. EHICEE 7 9 10 W ort alrw.ar Cara or. 421d An. S. Moe. pary'wg y roar Tukwila rntarrvtwnal. 9rx1113.ord Station W ort skrwar can on. Dirt..ave S. W,,,F rlryr.r r.x. �n $oylirr.nk.r Parkway. • It ` WRLKIRD1L 12 13 1111 Tn. i-air, LB 4r E m anipMl wax and SIQYrsd hell Uric onduA ehle- rarpade, trier %Nang Pram .idawlkm . A he rbnan. 514Wi1k$rNsi oWan9 ilaaadarn,Zi S SiduLrulka rmcnp along data Aire k4r4 nt walk gr,Tvkr.11a 15 Irslerratia.e1Blvd with tan parI Oan pdewalke. It's urawake/33hk Ge walk ar 1s MA. WON 1.5 ae gh4 S Wit. St tebi e. • Sfdrxralkd raiairng 4h S math ce. 1d !Os hard to* [bowman 5ay.p4.0.44r Mali Trk.rlla saundar SY7Gart and this Issttrurboihell rcti tiara to watkr t4 end sburr.d Ttigwi4 naml Pith. • Kg OTHER � Mans lipldiap inRyon FIIII L1 Cblle tip (...irkR1,ateTryll� InqunuianTal 184 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix F: Bike Facility Types and Treatments 185 Table Fl. Bike Facility Types Facility Type Description Image Off -Corridor Bike Network Bike boulevards are low -volume and low -speed streets that prioritize bike travel. They incorporate signage, pavement markings, and traffic calming tools to improve the comfort and connectivity of the bike roadway network. Bike boulevards offer an alternative to bicycling on busy streets with high traffic volumes. Many bike boulevards couple speed management strategies with bike route signage to create safer streets. Striped Bike Lane A conventional bike lane is a striped lane on a roadway that is designated for exclusive use by people riding bikes. Conventional bike lanes include pavement markings indicating one-way bike use. These facilities are established along roadways where there is current or anticipated bike demand and where it would be unsafe for bicyclists to ride in the travel lane. Buffered BikeTBuffered bike lanes are conventional Lane bike lanes paired with a designated (Horizontal) buffer space separating the bike lane from the adjacent motor vehicle travel lane and/or parking lane. These facilities are established along roadways with high travel speeds, volumes, and/or truck traffic. 186 TUKWILA TRAM PORTATInM ELEMENT Facility Type Description Image Separated Bike Lane (Vertical) Separated bike lanes (vertical) are buffered bike lanes with vertical elements that provide further separation from motor vehicle traffic. Common vertical elements are vertical curbs, a painted buffer with planter boxes, parked cars, or a fixed barrier. These facilities keep motorists from crossing into the bike lane and minimize maintenance costs due to decreased motor vehicle wear. They may be especially appropriate for curvy streets, areas with high drop off/pick up activity, and higher speed streets with few driveways and cross streets. Source: NACTO, 2019. https://nacto.org/2019/11 /15/bel levues-downtown- demonstration-bikeway/ Physically Separated Bikeway/ Shared Use Paths Physically separated bikeways are paths distinct from the sidewalks. These include shared use paths, which are paved trails for the exclusive use of pedestrians, cyclists, skaters, and other active transportation users. They are wide enough for two-way travel. They are typically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space, barrier, curb, or exist in an independent corridor. They can also be one-way bike facilities separate from — but adjacent to — the sidewalk. • Note: All images are courtesy of Fehr & Peers unless otherwise noted. 187 Table F2. Bike Intersection Improvement Treatments Treatment Type Description Imag Bike Signal Bike signals are dedicated signals, which can be detection or actuation systems, to separate bicyclists and motor vehicle movements at intersections. They give bicyclists priority. These facilities are utilized at high volume intersections with conflicts among motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Green solid or skip -stripe Skip -striping directs cyclists to the bike lane and increases the visibility of cyclists to motorists. These facilities are often used to visually alert users to upcoming bike lanes. A bike box is dedicated space at the head of a signalized intersection for bicyclists to wait safely and visibly. Bicyclists have priority crossing major streets as they wait in front of vehicle traffic. These facilities are mostly adopted at signalized intersection with high volumes of bicyclists making left - turns and/or motorists making right -turns. 188 Treatment Type Description Image Protected or Dutch Intersection -Mr Green Cycle Length A Protected or Dutch Intersection is an intersection that accommodates one-way cycle tracks. Modeled after Dutch intersection design, Dutch Intersections feature corner refuge islands that place stop bars for bicyclists ahead of vehicles, and set back bike crossing approximately one car length from the adjacent travel lane. This allows for two -stage left -turns and free right turns. Green cycle length refers to a minimum green signal cycle that is long enough for bicyclists to clear the intersection. In locations where this is implemented, the green cycle length is longer than is typically offered to cars. Automatic Signal Actuation Automatic Signal Actuation are signals which alert motorists of bike crossings and separate motorist and bicyclists traffic signaling. In the case of automatic signals, bike signals are initiated through inductive loop vehicle detection, which is calibrated to the size or metallic mass of a bike. Bicyclists are instructed to wait in detection areas through marked pavement and signage. Source: NACTO, 2019. https://nacto.org/publication/urban-bikeway-design- guide/bike-signals/signal-detection-and-actuation/ 189 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Treatment Type Description Image Bike Lane to Left Left -side bike lanes are conventional bike lanes placed on the left side of one-way or two-way median divided streets. They improve visibility as motorists have bike lanes on the driver's side and potentially avoid right -side bike lane conflicts. They also reduce bus and truck conflicts as most bus stops, loading zones, and rush hour parking restrictions are usually on the right side of the street. Consequently, these facilities are often utilized on streets with frequent bus stops or truck loading zones on the right side, high numbers of left -turning bicyclists, high volumes of right turning motor vehicles, and high parking turnover accompanied by rush hour parking restrictions. .Puy. CFI Source: NACTO, 2019. https://nacto.org/publication/urban- bi keway-desig n-guide/bike-lanes/left-side-bike-lanes/ HAWK Signal Also known as a hybrid beacon, High -intensity Activated Crosswalks are signal -heads with two red over yellow lenses indicating pedestrian and cyclist crossing to motorists. These facilities are mostly installed at unsignalized intersections or mid -block crossing locations. They can be useful along bike boulevards, where intersections are more likely to be unsignalized due to low vehicular traffic volumes, and/or where bike trails intersect streets. 190 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Treatment Type Description Image Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons (RRFB) allow pedestrians to actuate a flashing warning light to indicate pedestrian crossing. When combined with other pedestrian treatments, such as median refuge islands or advance yield marking, they have an even stronger impact on pedestrian and bicyclist visibility. Note: All images are courtesy of Fehr & Peers unless otherwise noted. 191 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix G: Freight Considerations 192 TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATIr)N ELEMENT Figure G1. Examples of Freight Considerations along Corridors CHALLENGE Curb space access RECOMMENDATIONS Recessed stop t ne Horizontal clearance zone for loading and delivery r Asymmetrical median nose 11 IL r rr a -& Offset bus and bicycle Lanes Source: Accommodating Freight in Complete Streets. 2019 193 fii.e...r.m.ir Ij lri ourdhal EI!mrr TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure G2. Common Features for Safe Truck Parking Desired Safety Features of Truck Parking INGRESS AND EGRESS RAMPS OF SUFFICIENT LENGTH SITE DESIGN ALLOWING EFFICIENT FL O W OF TRAFFIC SUFFICIENT LIGHTING FENCING OR OTHER BARRIER SURROUNDING THE LOT Mar oTow 00 I I p■ SECURITY CAMERAS OR LOT ATTENDANTS SECURE BATHROOMS Source: FHWA, Truck Parking Development Handbook, 2022 194 TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Figure G3. Curb Functions Prioritized by Land Use CI 13 DO ono o Inl INL-tol[1pbFoanalt Plehrioarlimbel ZpiltrAmDal I n elu atr l arf Urail u rtJac. D dI.a1idelS ... r rtapid, <=> r- 4 P4 P4 P4 P4 o �4T Source: San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) Curb Management Strategy, 2020 195 Curb Functions P4 Farm Psi Nips MINI! *iiil j rortli immil lamploqk ✓ r'i4pidr�NaNMwF4 aAY rows. Aur,01.4. Frl1$11461 Lpa1+ rnr i hough of iiHil .rrt to. Iraq !M a 1.44PifIW+1. Myne4/1 LIP ilny Nil Ili V/#PF - fa rb *4R+1g1+aW h. sa.l hi Fr, ardi _ �ir1Y Y1Y�rl t l.. .t h.r r.haria r Dot 4... r U$li. b. r..url01.4111 # Wand oral mernrww•nu.y rtt hargrQylhh..r+a, fl +►w crh J e al04111411 luF 1u F,Fr %PO l " TLIKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT Appendix H: Extended Project List 196 Trandp:r!JI,aj [I!mmr Table H1. Extended Project List # Project Name Description Street Name Start End Priority Level T-36 Striped Bike Lane on Macadam Road Add buffered bike lanes on both sides of the segment. 2-5ft bike lanes 2-3ft bike buffer 2- 12ft lanes. Macadam Rd S S 149th Lane S 144th Street Low T-37 SouthCenter Blvd Bike Parkway Section 3 Develop shared use path on north side. May need to acquire ROW from 6550 at the intersection or restripe to reduce lanes from path to continue north of 66th and down the hill to tie into the Green River Trail and the proposed Tukwila Pkwy improvements. Southcenter Blvd 65th Ave S 66th Ave S High T-38 SouthCenter Blvd Bike Parkway Section 2 Continue shared use path on north side. Southcenter Blvd 61 st Ave S 65th Ave S High T-39 SouthCenter Blvd Bike Parkway Section 1 Widen sidewalk on north side for shared use path. Southcenter Blvd 405 Exit Ramp 61st Ave S High T-40 S Boeing Access Road Recent improvements created a 10-12ft buffered path next to the bridge over the tracks. Propose doing similar on other bridges. S Boeing Access E Marginal Rd Way S Airport Way S Low T-41 S Boeing Access Road T-42 S 144th Street Bike Lane Extension Section 3 Recent improvements created a 10-12ft buffered path next to the bridge over the tracks. Propose doing similar on other bridges. Remove parking on east side. Widen sidewalk on west side to create a raised bike lane and parking with bulb outs. On east side, remove and relocate sidewalk to ROW line and create buffered bike lane at street level. 197 S Boeing Access Airport Way MLK Rd S 58th Ave S S 144th Street Low Interurban Ave S Low TUKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT T-43 S 144th Street Bike Lane Extension Section 2 Restripe and remove parking on one side to accommodate 2-10ft lanes 1-8ft parking area 1-2ft buffer and 1-10ft two way cycle track. S 144th St 56th Ave S 58th Ave S Low T-44 S 144th Street Bike Lane Extension Section 1 Restripe and remove parking on one side to accommodate 2-10ft lanes 1-8ft parking area 1-2ft buffer and 1-10ft two way cycle track. S 144th St Macadam Rd S 56th Ave S Low T-45 Striped Bike Lane on Macadam Road Extension Replace existing bike lane on west side with separated shared use path. Restripe roadway to provide a bike lane on the east side of the street. Macadam Rd S Southcenter S 149th Lane Blvd Low T-46 S 144th Street Bike Lane Extension Section 0 Restripe to accommodate 2-10ft lanes 1-8ft parking area 1-2ft buffer and 1-10ft two way cycle track. S 144th St 51st Ave S Macadam Road S Low T-47 Minkler Boulevard Bike Project Section 2 Build a separate shared use path in the ROW south of Minkler in conjunction with a stream mediation or culvert replacement project. Work with City and County owned land to connect the path to the green river trail through the wetalnd to the east. Minkler Blvd Andover Parkway W Green River Trail Low Minkler Boulevard Bike T-48 Project Section 1 Remove railroad track and construct a shared use path that connects with Minkler Blvd Bike Project Section 2. Minkler Blvd 243 Minkler Blvd Andover Park W Low T-49 T-50 Minkler Boulevard Bike Project Section 0 E Marginal Way Bike Lane Section 2 T-51 Widen the sidewalk on the south side to accommodate a shared usepath. Add striped bike lanes on both sides of the street. E Marginal Way Bike Lane Section 1 Road width sufficient to incorporate bike lane. Parking is restricted to one side. Lanes to be narrowed to 10'. ADT is low and is not a cause for concern. Minkler Blvd E Marginal Way S Southcenter Pkwy Interurban Ave S E Marginal Way S 126th S Street 243 Minkler Blvd S 126th Street Low Low S 128th Street Medium T-52 E Marginal Way Bike Lane Section 0 Update cross section to include 2-8ft sidewalks 1-5ft bike lane with a 2ft buffer 2-11ft lanes E Marginal Way and 1-5ft parking protected bike lane with 8ft S parking and 2ft buffer. S 128th Street 40th Ave S Low 198 /BEEN..rr�Wir Trandp:r!JIiaj [I!mmr -1. ' l!5' .. — i ° .^ 1..I _r .. tl T l L== E !'.; T-53 Buffered Lane on 42nd Ave S Section 2 From S 144th to S 142nd, update cross section to include 2-8ft sidewalks 1-5ft bike lane with a 2ft buffer 2-11ft lanes and 1-5ft parking protected bike lane with 8ft parking and 2ft buffer. North to S139 the ROW widens and there is room to adjust cross section to have 2 parking protected bike lanes. 42nd Ave S S 144 St. S 139th St High T-54 Buffered Lane on 42nd Ave S Section 1 Update cross section to include 2-8ft sidewalks 1-5ft bike lane with a 2ft buffer 2-11ft lanes and 1-5ft parking protected bike lane with 8ft parking and 2ft buffer. North of 137th, remove parking and widen buffers on undeveloped curved section. 42nd Ave S S 139th St E Marginal Way Low T-55 SouthCenter Parkway Section 3 Reduce lane width by restriping. 3-11ft lanes 2- 10ft lanes a 12ft shared use path and 3 feet for utilities all on the west side. Southcenter Pkwy Minkler Boulevard S 180th Street Low T-56 51st Ave S Project Update cross section to include new sidewalk and buffered bike lanes. The ROW between S 151st and where S 147th would be is reduced to 40ft. May need ROW acquisition while and is under developed or have any potential developer donate the land. 51st Ave S S 144th St Southcenter Blvd Low T-57 Andover Park E Section 1 T-58 Andover Park W T-59 Andover Park E Section 2 Bike facilities likely here, along with road diet on APE, possible ROW dedication from development Bike facilities could go along one (or both) n/s corridor, need further analysis when appropriate time is presented/decision point is reached Bike facilities could go along one (or both) n/s corridor, need further analysis when appropriate time is presented/decision point is reached 199 Andover Park E Tukwila Pkwy Industry Dr High Andover Park W Treck Dr S 180th St Andover Park E Industry Dr S 180th St High Low Ti. CW LA T iAN PORTATIQN ELEMENT T-60 T-61 S 168th Street/Macy's Parking Lot Connector Road E Marginal Way S Section 1 Bike facility likely here with connector road, if completed Bike facilities may be desired here, pending BAR Infill station and area redevelopment, could connect to bike facilities on Airport Way if Seattle/Tukwila install, connecting via Norfolk to EMWS Macy's parking lot and CuliNEX parking lot Southcenter Andover Park Pkwy W E Marginal Way S Boeing S Access Rd Interurban Ave S Trihdp:r!hai [I!mmr Medium Medium T-62 Tukwila International Blvd Bike facilities may be desired here, pending BAR Infill station and area redevelopment, could connect to bike facilities on Airport Way if Seattle/Tukwila install, connecting via Norfolk to EMWS Tukwila International Blvd E Marginal Way S WA-599 T-63 Treck Dr Connection Bike facilities could go along one (or both) n/s corridor, need further analysis when appropriate time is presented/decision point is reached Treck Dr Andover Park W Andover Park E Medium T-64 Southcenter Boulevard Bike Lanes Section 4 Reduce lane with and median buffer to create a shared use path on the south side. Southcenter Blvd I - 5 Exit I - 405 Exit Ramp Ramp High] T-65 Southcenter Boulevard/SW Grady Way Bike Facilities Add striped bike lanes east of 1-405 Off ramps. If this project moves forward, need to update bike network. Southcenter Blvd/SW Grady Way 1-405 Eastern City interchange Limits I High T-66 S 144th Street / 53rd Avenue S and S 144th Street / Macadam Road S Intersection Improvements Design and construct a new traffic signal that serves both S 144th Street / 53rd Avenue S and S 144th Street / Macadam Road S. As part of the intersection improvements include additional pedestrian facilities such as pedestrian push buttons. S 144th Street Macadam Road S 53rd Avenue S Low T-67 Southcenter Boulevard / 1-405 SB Off -ramp Design and construct intersection improvements, which could include a new half/full traffic signal or a roundabout coupled with geometric realignment, lighting, pedestrian facilities, and drainage. 200 Southcenter Boulevard 1-405 SB Off -ramp Low AMEN..rr�Wir TrirOD:r Ii0.7 [I!mrr TF.PKWILA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT T-68 Southcenter Blvd/65th Avenue S Signal Signalize the intersection. Southcenter Boulevard 65th Avenue S High T-69 Ryan Hill Lighting Improvements Add lighting to S Ryan Way S Ryan Way S Boeing Access Rd 51st Ave S Medium T-70 Intersection Improvements: E Marginal Way and S 112th St Add crosswalks and RRFB to the intersection of 0 E Marginal Way and S 112th St E Marginal Way S 112th St High T-71 S 133 St/SR599 Intersection Design and construct intersection improvements, which could include a new traffic signal or a roundabout, lighting, pedestrian facilities, and drainage. S 133rd St SR-599 Low T-72 Minkler Blvd (APW - S/C Pkwy) Widen Minkler Blvd from Andover Park West to Southcenter Parkway. Add third lane and curb, gutter, and sidewalk on the south side. Minkler Blvd Andover Park W Southcenter Pkwy Low T-73 S 129th St T-74 Wig Blvd Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment Construct sidewalk on north side of Wig Blvd from Southcenter Pkwy to Bauch Dr. Construct sidewalk on east side of Bauch Dr from Wig Blvd to Andover Park W 50th PI S and S 129th St Wig Blvd and Bauch Dr S 124th St Southcenter Pkwy East boundary of Tukwila city limits Medium ---r Minkler Blvd L T-75 S Boeing Access Rd T-76 Minkler Blvd Section 1 T-77 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment Construct sidewalk on south side of Minkler Blvd from end of existing sidewalk to Andover Park W W Valley Hwy Section 1 Construct sidewalk on west side of W Valley Hwy W Valley Hwy Section 2 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment T-78 T-79 S Boeing Access Rd Minkler Blvd W Valley Hwy Construct sidewalk on west side of road from W Valley Hwy Section 3 SW 27th St to simpleFLOORS Seattle parking lot entrance. Construct sidewalk on both sides W Valley Hwy 201 W Valley Hwy E Marginal Way S 243 Minkler Blvd 17450 W Valley Hwy Martin Luther King Jr Way S Andover Park W S 180th St Low Low Low 17000 W 17450 W Va}2� Valley Hwy Hwy Medium Strander Boulevard 17000 W Valley Hwy Medium /BEEN..rr�Wir Tn D:riJl,aj [I!,nrt TiPKWIF '! -1-PA N1QPORT A TI.:`[! E_L`fl: !'.I of road from simpleFLOORS Seattle parking lot entrance to Auto Trim Design parking lot entrance T-80 Industry Dr Section 2 Construct sidewalk on both sides of Treck Dr. Construct sidewalk on north side of Industry Dr up to railroad crossing Treck Dr and Industry Dr West end of Treck Dr Railroad crossing on Industry Drive Medium T-81 Christensen Rd Section 2 Construct sidewalk on west side of Christensen Rd from Baker Blvd to the southern -most Riverview Plaza parking lot entrance. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Christensen Rd from the parking lot entrance to Strander Blvd Christensen Rd Baker Blvd Strander Blvd High T-82 Christensen Rd Section 1 Construct sidewalk on west side of 68th Ave S Christensen Rd 16000 Christensen Rd Baker Blvd Medium T-83 Longacres Way T-84 Nelson PI S Section 2 Interurban Ave S T-85 Section 3 Construct sidewalk on north side of Longacres Way. This would improve pedestrian connectivity to Tukwila Sounder Station. Construct sidewalk on south side of S 156th St segment. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Nelson PI S segment. This would improve pedestrian connectivity to Tukwila Sounder Station. Construct sidewalk on west side of road segment Longacres Way S 156th St Interurban Ave S W Valley Hwy W Valley Hwy Southcenter Blvd Tukwila Station AcRd Medium Interurban Trail Medium Fort Dent Way Medium T-86 S 164th St Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 164th St 42nd Ave S 51st Ave S High T-87 S 160th St Construct sidewalk on the north and west side of the segment from 51st Ave S to S 159th St. Construct sidewalk on the east side of the segment from S 159th St to Klickitat Dr S 160th St and 53rd Ave S 51st Ave S Klickitat Dr Low T-88 Martin Luther King Jr Way S Section 2 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment Martin Luther King Jr Way S S Boeing Access Rd HW 5 entrance Medium ramp T-89 51st Ave S Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment 202 51st Ave S S 144th St 51st Ave S Bridge Medium fii.er..rrm.ir TrirOD:ird [I!,nrt T'.rKWILA 1'4 r' =r aTI,='C! E_E`.11: h;: T-90 S 144th St Section 1 Construct sidewalk on south side of S 144th St S 144th St 44th Ave S 51st Ave S Medium T-91 S 144th St Section 2 Construct sidewalk on south side of S 144th St S 144th St Tukwila International Blvd 44th Ave S Medium T-92 Macadam Rd S Section 3 Construct sidewalk on west side of road segment Macadam Rd S S 144th St 14449 Macadam Rd S Low T-93 S 140th St Section 1 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 140th St 37th Ave S Tukwila International High Blvd T-94 S 140th St Section 2 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 140th St Tukwila International Blvd 42nd Ave S High T-95 S 141st St Section 2 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 141st St Tukwila International Blvd 42nd Ave S High T-96 S 137th St and 53rd Ave S Construct sidewalks on north side of S 137th St from 53rd Ave S (west) to 53rd Ave S (east) and on west side of 53rd Ave S from S 137th St to 52nd Ave S. S 137th St, 53rd Ave S Tukwila Park and Ride (52nd Ave S Entrance) 5204 S 137th St Medium T-97 Section 4 T-98 Macadam Rd S E Marginal Way S Section 1 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment Construct sidewalk on east side of E Marginal Way S Macadam Rd S S 137th St E Marginal Way S 10838 E Marginal Wy S S 144th St S 112th St Medium Medium T-99 Macadam Rd S Section 5 Construct sidewalk on both sides of Macadam Rd S from S 133rd St to 43rd Ave S, construct sidewalk on east side of Macadam Rd S from 43rd Ave S to end of existing sidewalk on west side, and construct sidewalk on both sides od Macadam Rd S from existing sidewalk to S 137th St Macadam Rd S S 133rd St S 137th St High T-100 S 133rd St/S 132nd St Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 133rd St and S 132nd St Military Rd S Tukwila International Blvd High 203 AMEN Emu. molt TrirOD:riJha7 [I!mrr T'.'KVti_I" TR A F'..1 SPOIR A TION ELEMENT T-101 S 130th St Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 130th St Tukwila International Blvd Macadam Rd S High T-102 E Marginal Way S/S 133rd St Fill sidewalk gaps along the segment. East Marginal Way S and S 133rd St 40th Ave S Interurban Ave S High T-103 Macadam Rd S Section 6 Construct sidewalk on west side of Macadam Rd S from S 130th St to S 131st St. Construct sidewalk on both sides of Macadam Rd S from S 131st St to S 133rd St. Macadam Rd S S 130th St S 133rd St High T-104 E Marginal Way S Section 3 Construct sidewalk on east side of East Marginal Way S East Marginal Way S S 124th St S 128th St Medium T-105 Tukwila International Blvd Section 1 Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment Tukwila International Blvd 10825 E Marginal Wy S 112th St S Medium T-106 S 112th St Construct sidewalk on both sides of road segment S 112th St Tukwila International Blvd E Marginal Way S Mediu T-107 Tukwila Pond Pedestrian Access Improvements Tukwila International T-108 Boulevard Sidewalk Improvement T-109 S 124th St Sidewalk (West Segment) T-110 42nd Ave S Traffic Calming Study T-111 51st Ave S Traffic Calming Study Improve pedestrian access to Tukwila Pond Park Add landscape buffers along sidewalks to prevent cars parking in pedestrian space. Fill sidewalk gaps along the segment. Review traffic calming tools that may reduce traffic speeds on 42nd Ave S Review traffic calming tools that may reduce traffic speeds on 51st Ave S Tukwila International Blvd S 124th St 42nd Ave S 51st Ave S S 152nd St 42nd Ave S Southcenter Blvd S 160th St Medium S 139th St1111 49th Ave S I Medium S 140th St Southern City Limits Medium Low T-112 Southcenter Parkway Speed Study Review tools that may reduce traffic speeds on Southcenter Parkway Southcenter Pkwy 57th Ave S S 200th St Low T-113 Macadam Rd South Complete Street Construction of a complete street design for Macadam Rd South between South 144th St 204 Macadam Rd S S 144th St S 150th St Medium /BEEN..rr�Wir Trandp:r!JIiaj [I!mmr I' k lAr a, T rn n-� n n r. n- h. T I O N ELEMENT and S 150th St. The project will require roadway widening and re-channelization to add 5-foot bike lanes and 5-foot sidewalks on both sides of the roadway, and includes illumination, curb, and storm drainage. 205 CITY OF TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN UTILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT 2015 GROWTH MANAGEMENT ACT UPDATE to the COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Planning Commission Draft September 2024 DRAFT Page 1 of 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS I II INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 3 DESCRIPTION OF KEY ISSUES 4 III EXISTING CONDITIONS AND FUTURE NEEDS 5 IV APPENDIX 15 Page 2 of 18 I INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The State Growth Management Act (GMA) requires the City to include a Utilities Element within its Comprehensive Plan consisting of the general location, proposed location, and capacity of all existing and proposed utilities, including, but not limited to, electrical lines, telecommunication lines, and natural gas lines (RCW 36.70A.070). The Utilities Element is a framework to provide utility service and facilities that are efficient and predictable. Guidelines for preparing the Utilities Element have been codified in the procedural criteria for preparing and adopting Comprehensive Plans and development regulations under the Growth Management Act. The Utilities element establishes a basis for decision -making that is consistent with Washington's Growth Management Act, the Puget Sound Regional Council's Vision 2050 and King County's Countywide Planning Policies, including targets for housing units and employment. These specific requirements are fulfilled by the Utilities Background Report, Comprehensive Sanitary Sewer Plan, Comprehensive Water Plan, and Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan. These documents, along with the six -year Capital Improvement Program and the City of Tukwila budget, are adopted by reference in the Tukwila Comprehensive Plan. Individual districts and other utilities providers prepare and adopt their own planning documents. The 2024 Utilities Element Background Report Supplement summarizes and updates conditions for City and non -City owned utilities. It includes a basic description of service providers and indicates the most important service and situation changes since the 2015 Growth Management Act Comprehensive Plan update. Service provider maps and maps that show the general location of facilities are shown in the Appendix. The Utilities Background Report reviews the present supply of utility services and infrastructure. It summarizes existing facilities, services and capacity and describes the ability of the respective utility systems to meet the future levels and location of demand that result from Tukwila's forecast growth in employment and households. The utility services that are considered include: sewer and water services, surface water management, solid waste, electricity, natural gas and telecommunications. The City of Tukwila and adjacent municipalities and special districts provide sewer and water services. Surface water management is provided exclusively by the City of Tukwila. The remaining utilities such as solid waste, electric power, natural gas and telecommunications are provided to residents and businesses through franchise agreements or via contract with the City. Quantifying realistic future demand is necessary for planning infrastructure projects and providing different types of utility services to meet future needs with adequate supply and capacity. Estimates of future need are based on two basic factors: (1) the amount of employment and housing growth; and (2) the location of employment and housing growth. The forecast growth is determined by forecasts from the Washington Office of Financial Management, and growth targets allocated by King County's Countywide Planning Policies. The location of growth capacity is defined by the adopted land use map contained in Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan. The City of Tukwila elected to be a designated regional growth center in 1995 and must prepare plans to accommodate its targets for 5,045 new housing units (to reach the 2044 target of 14,369 total housing units1) and 17,867 new jobs (to reach the 2044 target of 60,856 total jobs). It is anticipated that most of that household growth will occur in higher density housing within a developing Southcenter neighborhood. Additional housing growth will occur along Tukwila International Boulevard in or near the Tukwila Village 1 This 2023 total accounts for growth in the total number of housing units that happened between 2019 and 2022. Page 3 of 18 redevelopment project, in the vicinity of the light rail station at S. 154th Street, and in the Tukwila South area, annexed to Tukwila in 2010. New employment will primarily be dispersed among the Tukwila Urban Center, Manufacturing/Industrial Center and Tukwila South sub -areas. II DESCRIPTION OF KEY ISSUES Several key issues are considered in planning for utility needs. • Service Extensions. Planned extensions of utility services are based on existing need orb accommodate planned growth or growth targets. • Coordination of Service Providers. In addition to its own water, sanitary sewer and surface water utilities, Tukwila is served by three non -City sewer and five non -City water districts, which can complicate interjurisdictional coordination. The City -managed utilities must be coordinated with adjacent purveyors that provide utility services to portions of the City to correct deficiencies, solve utility problems and accommodate growth. • Concurrency and Implications for Growth. Concurrency requires that utility projects, along with other capital facilities, be developed so that improvements are in place at the time they are needed to meet growth and to accommodate growth targets. • Environmental Sustainability. Environmental protection and restoration efforts are required in utility planning, construction and operations to ensure that the quality of the natural environment and its contributions to human health and vitality are sustained, and the effects of climate change limited. Environmental sustainability is a key priority for the region as expressed in King County's Countywide Planning Policies. This priority shall be implemented through utility planning and operations in Tukwila through a range of activities from conservation practices to low impact development methods. • Residential Neighborhood and Sub -Area Vitality. Utility investments affect neighborhood quality of life, and the ability to realize established visions for specific sub -areas. Significant progress has been made in upgrading utilities in the residential neighborhoods since the Comprehensive Plan was adopted in 1995. Ensuring high quality utility service in neighborhoods remains a priority. Tukwila's Strategic Plan (updated in 2018) further emphasizes the importance of capital investment, including utilities, as a means to ensure that sub -areas reach their potential and can accommodate growth targets. These areas include Tukwila International Boulevard, the Southcenter/Tukwila Urban Center area, and the Manufacturing/Industrial Center area along East Marginal Way. The high costs of undergrounding utilities must be addressed, as well as limiting the impacts of utilities on adjacent areas. • System Rehabilitation, Replacement and Retrofit. Much of the City's utility infrastructure has reached or is near its life expectancy. Rehabilitation or replacement of these systems will be needed to ensure their continued reliability. Federal, state and, local requirements continue to change and require utility system improvements to comply with these requirements. Much of Tukwila's infrastructure is 50+ years old and requires planned and systematic replacement and/or upgrades to ensure reliability. Planned upgrades are addressed in Tukwila's water, sewer and surface water system plans. Projects are scheduled and paid for through Tukwila's six -year Capital Improvement Program. Additional non -city utilities will be upgraded to address technological innovations, capacity constraints, and changed regulations. Page 4 of 18 III EXISTING CONDITIONS AND FUTURE NEEDS City of Tukwila Water System The City of Tukwila operates and maintains a water distribution system with approximately 40 miles of water mains. It supplies over 1.5 million gallons/day to the residential and commercial customers of Tukwila. Cascade Water Alliance provides the water that the City of Tukwila sells to customers with a contract that runs through 2064. The water utility supplies both potable (drinking) water and water to fire hydrants. Although interconnected systems, these different services have different requirements. Since the last Comprehensive Plan update in 2015, portions of the Allentown, Duwamish, Foster Point and Ryan Hill neighborhoods have received upgraded or new water systems. The City of Tukwila is using low -interest, long-term loans from the Public Works Trust Fund to finance the upgrade of water systems within the City. The City continues its efforts to improve the cross -connection program by requiring businesses to install a reduced -pressure backflow device to protect the water supply system when changing their plumbing systems. Since 2015, the City of Tukwila Water Utility has completed the following significant projects to ensure that there is adequate capacity to meet growth targets: • In 2021, the City installed a new 12" water line along Macadam Road from 144th St to Southcenter Blvd to provide capacity fire flow for current and future targeted growth. • In 2022, the City upgraded an old pipe in a major intersection to minimize future emergency work. The repair was at the intersection of Tukwila Parkway and Andover Park East. Future projects During the planning period, the City of Tukwila Water Utility will upsize its existing 6" water line to a 12" line along 152nd Street in North Hill. It will construct a 2.5-million-gallon reservoir to address potable water reserves per Washington Department of Health requirements, as well as fire pressure needs to provide capacity to serve growth targets, primarily for the Southcenter/Tukwila Urban Center area. In addition, the Water Utility will meet the continued need for systematic maintenance and replacement as water mains reach the end of their useful lifetime. (Figure 1—Water System) City of Tukwila Sanitary Sewer System The City of Tukwila operates and maintains a sanitary sewer collection system with approximately 33 miles of gravity and force sewer mains, and nine lift stations. The lift stations pump approximately 60% of all sewage in the City (approximately 460 million gallons). Since 2015, various sewer spot repairs and upgrades were performed throughout the CBD and City. Three lining projects spanning thousands of feet of sewer mains were completed, drastically increasing the useful life of the existing sewer mains with minimal inconvenience to the public. Capacity upgrades to Lift Stations 2 and 4 were also performed to better prepare for future growth. Page 5 of 18 Future projects In order to meet the needs for growth, as well as maintenance during the planning period, the City of Tukwila is proposing a new lift station near 65th Avenue South and Southcenter Boulevard to replace an existing sewer line that runs under 1-405. Capacity upgrades at Lift Stations 3 and 5 will also be studied to accommodate future growth. In addition, portions of the sewers in the Tukwila Urban Center/Southcenter area will be relined since they are reaching the end of their design life. (Figure 2— Sanitary Sewer System) City of Tukwila Surface Water Program The City owns, operates and maintains approximately the following surface water features: 1) Ditches —99,193 lineal feet 2) Pipes — about 426,000 lineal feet 3) CB/Manholes — 4,345 4) Outfalls — 43 5) Detention/Water Quality — 13 6) Pump Stations — 4 NPDES Since the 2004 update, significant regulatory changes have affected surface water management. This is primarily due to requirements of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II permit. The NPDES Phase II permit is issued every five years by the Washington State Department of Ecology to comply with Federal Clean Water Act requirements The NPDES Phase II permit restricts storm water and wastewater discharges to waters of the State. The permit requires that all affected municipalities create and implement a specific Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) annually to protect water quality by reducing the amount of runoff pollutants. The Surface Water Comprehensive Plan, is updated approximately every 10-years based on existing field conditions, applicable regulations, and anticipated revisions to those regulations, in order to identify program improvements that should be implemented. The Surface Water Comprehensive Plan includes nine basin boundary delineations and characterizations, an inventory of fish barriers, known issues, capital improvement projects, a regulatory compliance evaluation, low -impact development guidance, and policy recommendations. The plan emphasizes a greater importance on providing water quality, habitat restoration and fish passage improvements. (Figure 3 — Surface Water System) Clean Water Act The Clean Water Act regulates discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulates water quality standards for surface water. Major water bodies are classified by use according to State water quality standards. Each use has specific water quality criteria. The Green/Duwamish is the only surface water within the City's jurisdiction that has updated surface water quality standards. Tukwila must comply with The Phase II West National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. This requires cooperation from all divisions of the city according to City of Tukwila Administrative Manual policy number 900-08. The Washington State Department of Ecology 303(d) listings for impaired water bodies does not list any current Total Maximum Daily Loading (TMDL) for the Green/Duwamish, but may elect to at any time. Tukwila will be required at that time to conduct Adaptive Management specified in the TMDL. Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Salmon Recovery Act In 1999, Puget Sound Chinook salmon and the coastal Puget Sound bull trout were listed as "threatened" species under the ESA, and in 2007, Puget Sound Steelhead were added to the list. Critical habitat for all of these species includes the Green/Duwamish River. In 2005, Southern Resident Killer Whales were Page 6 of 18 listed as "endangered" under the ESA, Green/Duwamish River Chinook salmon are among their most important food stocks2. The City implemented an ESA Screening checklist as part of the SEPA process to assess potential impacts to endangered species. In addition, the City is a member jurisdiction within Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9, which issues the watershed wide habitat plan. The plan includes watershed wide habitat projects, including those within the city of Tukwila, aimed at restoring salmon habitat and recovering the wild Chinook population. The City has several capital improvement projects that are linked to the WRIA 9 salmon recovery efforts. NON-TUKWILA WATER AND SEWER Several adjacent, publicly -owned water and sewer utilities operate within Tukwila. Water District #125 Water District #125 serves a total of approximately 2,164 accounts in Tukwila. This includes approximately 1,795 residential water accounts, 1,795 commercial accounts and 146 nonresidential (i.e., irrigation/sprinkler and government/education) accounts. Per its 2016 Comprehensive Plan, Water District #125 foresees no problem in serving expected growth within its Tukwila service area. Staff indicate that some specific projects may require local infrastructure improvements, but basic facilities are in place. The water system along Tukwila International Boulevard is fairly strong and is projected to accommodate most anticipated development during the planning period. Undersized water mains throughout the WD 125 service area are systematically being addressed by capital improvements as funds are available. A recent intertie project has provided increased backup for fire pressure in this area. This upgrade will facilitate anticipated redevelopment and growth. Should a specific development require higher fire flows than are available at the time, it would be the responsibility of the developer to make the necessary improvements to achieve the required flows. A copy of Water District #125's most recent Comprehensive Plan (2016) provides a full evaluation of its existing system and its ability to meet the anticipated requirements for water source, quality, transmission, storage and distribution for the planning period. The Plan also includes a complete list of future water system projects and how they will be financed. The Plan is available at the Water District #125 office located at 3460 S. 148th St., Tukwila, WA 98188. Highline Water District The Highline Water District serves approximately 610 accounts in Tukwila, including 120 non-residential (commercial, government, nonprofit), and 490 residential. The Highline Water district provides the majority of water service in the Tukwila South area. Two recent projects were constructed specifically to meet anticipated growth in the Tukwila South area during the planning period. They include: • Project 16-2 — Pump Station No. 8 The District identified the need for a second regional pump station providing source water from Seattle Public Utilities to the Crestview reservoir and 560 Pressure Zone. The new 5,000-gpm pump station improves redundancy and resiliency in the District's largest pressure zone serving District customers within the City of Tukwila and throughout the region Construction was complete in 2021. 2 NOAA Fisheries West Coast Region and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, "Southern Resident Killer Whale Priority Chinook Stocks Report" June 22, 2018 Page 7 of 18 • Project 16-6 — Pump Station No. 9 In its effort to improve resiliency in the water system, the District constructed a second pump station at the Mansion Hill Reservoir site. The new station provides backup source water from the 490 Pressure Zone into the 560 Pressure Zone. The 3,000- gpm pump station increases redundancy in the District's overall water system and allows for future growth in the City of Tukwila and beyond. Construction was complete in 2021. In general, the District's infrastructure is able to meet the water demands within its boundaries in the City of Tukwila. According to Highline's Comprehensive Plan, current requirements and future development needs can be adequately met through systematic capital projects. Highline Water District will continue its robust district -wide approach to replacing aging water mains, including some in Tukwila. A copy of the current Comprehensive Plan with specific projects is available from the Highline Water District office at 23828 30th Avenue South, Kent, WA 98032. The District will begin its effort updating its Comprehensive Plan for the next p anning period in late 2024 with anticipated completion in 2026. City of Seattle Awaiting an update on this information Seattle Public Utilities (Water) provide service to the northern portion of the City including industrial connections along East Marginal Way South in Tukwila's Manufacturing/Industrial Center. The area is built out, and no major projects are planned. City of Renton Water Utility The Renton Water Utility services a small eastern portion of Tukwila in the southeast portion area on the eastern edge of the Tukwila Urban Center. Water District #20 Water District #20 serves several properties on the western boundary of the city, between Military Road and Tukwila International Boulevard. Valley View Sewer District The Valley View Sewer District is located generally south of Seattle, with a service area that includes part of Seattle, as well as portions of the cities of Burien, SeaTac, Tukwila, and unincorporated King County. It provides sanitary sewer service to the central and western portions of Tukwila. Presently, Valley View has agreements with the City which allow it to operate and maintain sewer facilities within Tukwila. The District neither owns nor maintains wastewater treatment facilities; its flows are treated through contracted relationships with the King County Wastewater Treatment Division, Southwest Suburban Sewer District and Midway Sewer District. Valley View serves approximately 8,600 connections and a population of 44,684 in total. It has 170 commercial accounts and 1,909 residential accounts, for a total of 2,079 connections in Tukwila. Growth As of 2013, the Valley View Sewer District is preparing to exchange a portion of its territory with the City of Tukwila sewer utility immediately west of 1-5 in the vicinity of S. 144th and S. 151 St Streets in order better to serve the area based on its sloping topography. Valley View's Comprehensive Plan indicates that projected development within the service area is limited to that associated with infill development over the short term, and redevelopment over the longer term. An increase in multi -family and commercial uses is anticipated. During the planning period, several construction projects are scheduled to extend sewer service to currently unsewered areas in Tukwila. The current Capital Improvement Program includes new sewer construction in the following areas during the planning period: 1) Riverton Crest (project N-3) at Military Page 8 of 18 Road and S. 140th Street, planned for 2017, and 2) the Tukwila Loop Sewer Main (project N-13) located near 158th Street, east of 42nd Avenue South, planned for 2022. Additional projects will be carried out in coming years and include continued sewer rehabilitation and replacement. Revenue sources for financing capital expenses include rates, utility local improvement districts, bonds, grants and loans. City of Seattle Seattle Public Utilities (Sewer) provide service to the very northwest tip of the City of Tukwila in the vicinity of 16th Avenue South, in the Manufacturing/Industrial Center. City of Renton The City of Renton serves a small eastern portion of the Tukwila Urban Center with sewer service. This area is generally located between West Valley Highway and the Renton border from approximately S. 160th and S. 180th Street. Additional Utilities Not Owned by the City of Tukwila Solid Waste and Recycling Collection, transport, and disposal of solid waste in Tukwila is guided by the King County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan, the Seattle -King County Hazardous Waste Management Plan, and the Washington State Solid Waste Management Plan. Through a competitive process, the City awarded a ten-year contract in September 2022 to Recology to provide solid waste, recycling, and organics collection for residential, multifamily, and commercial customers. The contract begins on November 1, 2023, and provides for a comprehensive solid waste and recycling program and competitive rates for the City. The cost of recycling service for Tukwila residents and businesses is embedded in the respective garbage rates. Residential garbage collection is voluntary. Tukwila has adopted the King County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan and the Solid Waste Interlocal Agreement (ILA). These guiding documents form the basis for the City's solid waste, recycling, and waste reduction programs.. Through the ILA provisions, garbage collected in the City of Tukwila goes primarily to the Bow Lake Transfer Station, located at South 188th Street and Orillia Road. The Bow Lake Transfer Station handles more than a third of the County's solid waste and accepts garbage, recyclables, and organics. Garbage is ultimately trucked and disposed of in King County's Cedar Hills Regional Landfill. Bow Lake is well equipped to accommodate future growth in the region and facilitate disposal options when Cedar Hills Landfill reaches full capacity in 2038. Allied Waste/Republic will continue providing solid waste, recycling, and organics collection through their Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission certificates for recently -annexed areas in the City including the Tukwila South area.. In March 2022, Washington State enacted the Organics Management Law to reduce organic waste disposal 75% by 2030, to increase the volume of edible food recovery 20% by 2025, and to widely expand collection. By 2024, businesses with at least eight cubic yards of weekly organics waste are required to have on -site management or collection services in place. This threshold drops each year to cover generators of smaller volumes in 2025 and 2026. Organics waste includes manure, yard debris, food waste, food processing waste, wood waste, and garden waste. Page 9 of 18 Telecommunications Telecommunications services include both switched and dedicated voice, data, video, and other communication services delivered over the telephone and cable network on various mediums, including, but not limited to, wire, fiber optic, or radio wave. Either regulated or non -regulated companies may provide these services. Cable service includes communication, information and entertainment services delivered over the cable system whether those services are provided in video, voice or data form. Telecommunication services follow growth and have capacity to match whatever growth occurs in Tukwila. With new technologies, telecommunications utilities project virtually limitless capacity within the planning horizon. Through partnerships with franchised telecommunications companies, and completion of capital projects, the City has a robust conduit infrastructure that would enable and facilitate future fiber optic connectivity projects benefitting the City, its residents and business, and project partners. The City participates in a connectivity consortium consisting of cities, and other public partners that would construct and maintain a regional fiber-optic telecommunications system. This fiber-optic system would provide system redundancies, and enhance communications networks, and emergency operations. At some point during the planning period, the telecommunications network will be updated to fiber optic, but the exact schedule and locations are not available. Cable and Satellite Television The City of Tukwila has a non-exclusive franchise agreement with Comcast Corporation to construct, operate, and maintain a cable system in compliance with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations. Comcast's network provides high -definition television and high-speed internet access through cable modems and includes coaxial and fiber optic cabling systems deployed underground and overhead using utility poles leased from power and telephone companies. Future growth is most likely occur relative to data/internet service, as more content becomes accessible online. These broadband services can be provided over fiber optic networks, cable networks or DSL telephone networks. Satellite television competes directly with cable television by delivering hundreds of channels directly to mini -dishes installed in homes and businesses throughout Tukwila. Wireline and Wireless Communications Multiple companies offer telecommunications services in Tukwila including integrated voice and data, and voice over internet protocol (VoiP) technology. Century Link, the Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier(ILEC) is now joined by several Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) in providing more communications service options to Tukwila residents and businesses. Since Washington Utilities Trade Commission (WUTC) regulations require CenturyLink to provide adequate PTSN telecommunications service on demand, there are no limits to future capacity, although demand for land lines is declining. Additionally, VoIP telephone service should only be restricted by bandwidth constraints on fiber optic networks that provide this digital service. The significant growth in wireless phone and data usage over the past few years is anticipated to continue, placing additional demand on existing cellular networks. The capacity of a cellular transmission cell is limited by the number of radio frequencies available for use; the carrier's FCC license defines what frequency spectrum is allowed. To increase system capacity, carriers often install additional transmitters, thereby creating multiple smaller cells that cover less area than the original larger cell and serve fewer customers each, increasing overall system capacity. Cellular phone and data service providers are licensed by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) for a particular band of radio frequencies. Cellular service providers provide access to voice and data Page 10 of 18 services via their wireless frequencies. Major cellular service providers operating in Tukwila include AT&T, Verizon Wireless, and T-Mobile. Electric Utilities Tukwila's electricity is provided by Puget Power and Seattle City Light. Electric utilities in Tukwila share what is described as an "integrated regional electric system." Regardless of ownership, the elements of the system are designed and operated to work in a complementary manner. The elements include transmission lines, substations and generation facilities. Seattle City Light and Puget Power continually consider means to expand supply and upgrade equipment since the law requires them to serve all customers requesting service. Current capital facilities plans and six -year finance plans which include complete project information are available from Seattle City Light and Puget Sound Energy. (Figure 4 — Electricity Providers) Puget Sound Energy Awaiting an update on this information Puget Sound Energy (PSE) is an investor -owned, private utility that is regulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC). It provides electric service to over 900,000 metered customers within the company's 4,500 square mile service territory. This territory encompasses nine counties in western and central Washington. PSE provides electrical service to approximately 3,800 customers in Tukwila who are located generally south of South 160th Street, including the Urban Center. Puget Sound Energy builds, operates and maintains an extensive electric system consisting of generating plants, transmission lines, distribution systems and substations. It is a hydroelectric -based company purchasing about 40 percent of its power from utilities that own five large hydro facilities on the Columbia River. Six Puget Sound Energy -owned hydroelectric plants, located on the Nooksack, Baker, Snoqualmie, White and Puyallup Rivers, add to the hydro base on the west side of the Cascades. Other Puget Sound Energy owned, or partly owned, sources include four coal-fired plants (in Centralia, Washington, and Colstrip, Montana), and six gas- and oil -fired plants. Within Tukwila, Puget Sound Energy owns and maintains transmission lines which bring generating facilities to principal substations. The Talbot -O'Brien transmission lines serves Tukwila and the surrounding area with 230 kilovolt (kV) high -voltage transmission lines that run north -south within the Interurban Corridor, moving bulk power from transmission stations in Renton and Kent. Both of those stations generally supply electrical energy to the southern half of King County, an area much larger than the City of Tukwila. Several 115 kV transmission lines and a number of neighborhood distribution substations are located within the city and deliver electrical energy to other neighborhood substations in communities adjacent to Tukwila. PSE's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) details how the utility will serve future needs during the planning period. The current plan details the energy resources needed to reliably meet customers' wintertime, peak - hour electric demand over the next 20 years. The plan, which will be updated in spring 2013, forecasted that PSE would have to acquire approximately 4,200 megawatts of new power -supply capacity by 2031. This resource need is driven mainly by expiring purchased -power contracts and expected population and economic growth in the Puget Sound Region. The IRP suggests that roughly half of the utility's long-term electric resource need can be met by energy efficiency and additional wind -power supply. The rest of PSE's gap in long-term power resources is likely to be met most economically with added natural gas - fired resources. Future Projects • Specific construction that is anticipated for Tukwila includes the following: • 2013--New 115 kV transmission line between the future Briscoe Park Substation and the existing Boeing Aerospace Substation. Page 11 of 18 • 2014--Replacement of the existing 115 kV underground cable between the Nelsen and Tukwila Cable Stations. The existing cable was installed in 1974, and the new cable will increase reliability and capacity. • Near term --Vegetation management within the 230 kV transmission line corridor, for NERC compliance. • Future — o Improve Briscoe Park Substation, located in the center of the Tukwila South development, providing increased capacity and reliability in the area. o Enlarge the existing Renton Junction Substation, providing increased capacity and reliability in the area. o Build a 115 kV underground cable connecting the existing Nelsen Cable Station and Renton Junction Substation, to facilitate expansion of Renton Junction Substation. o Build a 115 kV transmission line connecting the existing Southcenter Substation and the future Briscoe Park Substation. This future line would either be overhead or underground and would provide increased capacity and reliability. o Build a Substation near Southcenter Boulevard and South 180th Street to provide increased capacity and reliability in the area. o Rebuild the existing 115 kV transmission line that runs east from the existing Nelsen Cable Station with a larger conductor. Seattle City Light Seattle City Light (SCL) is the City of Seattle -owned electrical utility. Its total service area covers approximately 131 square miles, including all of Seattle and some portions of incorporated and unincorporated King County to the north and south of Seattle. Seattle City Light serves the northern portion of Tukwila, including the Manufacturing/Industrial Center (MIC) via franchise agreements. According to 2024 data, SCL has approximately 6,100 residential and 800 commercial customers in Tukwila. Both a retailer and wholesaler of electric power, nearly half of customers' electric needs are met from hydropower dams owned and operated by City Light; most of the remaining power needs are met by hydropower purchased from the Bonneville Power Administration and investments in renewable and conservation resources. The largest facilities are the hydro -generating plants of the Boundary Dam in Pend Oreille County and the Skagit Project on the Skagit River. Seattle City Light owns and maintains approximately 649 miles of transmission lines which transmit power from the Skagit and Cedar Falls generating facilities to 14 principal substations. Power is distributed from these principal substations via high voltage feeder lines to distribution transformers throughout SCL's service territory. Seattle City Light (SCL) is a municipally owned utility provides service to customers in the City of Seattle, portions of unincorporated King County, and via franchise agreements to several King County cities including the northern portion of Tukwila. SCL's 2024 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Progress Report outlines how the utility will meet anticipated customer needs over the next 20 years. According to the IRP Progress Report, Seattle City Light is likely to meet the energy needs of Seattle and Tukwila through 2031 with ongoing conservation programs, seasonal market purchases, and additions of wind, solar, and batteries to City Light's portfolio. Conservation programs will continue since they are lower cost, flexible, advantageous for economic development, and with minimal environmental impacts. After 2031 and through 2043, energy needs will be met by additional power from renewable resources listed above. Page 12 of 18 SCL owns and maintains transmission lines which bring power from the Skagit and Cedar Falls generating facilities to a number of principal substations. Other transmission lines also transmit power from station to station throughout SCL service territory. Power is distributed from these substations via high -voltage feeder lines to distribution transformers. These transformers reduce voltage to usable levels for customers. Tukwila is served both from Seattle City Light's Duwamish Substation in Tukwila and from the Creston - Nelson Substation in Seattle. Distribution feeders from Duwamish and Creston -Nelson deliver energy to the area's customers. Future Projects As new loads emerge and remaining feeder capacity is utilized, SCL will need to construct new feeders from stations with available capacity to serve these loads. The timing of these new feeders is dependent on the demand schedules of the new loads as they are identified. When loads increase beyond existing station capacity, substation and transmission projects would be needed, and may include new transmission lines or possibly rebuilding existing lines. Natural Gas Puget Sound Energy, an investor -owned utility, builds, operates and maintains natural gas facilities serving Tukwila. Puget Sound Energy purchases gas from other regions and manages the distribution of natural gas to customers within its service area. This involves pressure regulation and the development and maintenance of distribution lines. PSE builds, operates and maintains natural gas facilities serving about serves over 750,000 gas customers in six counties, including approximately 3,400 customers in Tukwila. Per its 20-year Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), no major gas main improvement projects are planned for Tukwila at this time. Puget Sound Energy covers virtually all of Tukwila with their main distribution lines. Overall, the utility foresees no difficulties in meeting future demand during the planning period. No major improvement projects are planned at this time. PSE was approved to combine its Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) with the Clean Energy Implementation Plan (CEIP) into a single Integrated System Plan (ISP) due in January 2027. (Figure 5—Natural Gas Provider) Page 13 of 18 IV APPENDIX Figure 1 Tukwila Water System Water Districts I Tukwila Highline Renton Seattle 125 20 ❑ Reservoir 0 Pressure Relief Valve O Interne 0 Supply Station — Closed Pipeline 0 1 2Mi I I I J 8/26/24 Page 14 of 18 Figure 2 Tukwila Sewer System Sewer District Tukwila _ Valley View Renton 1.1 Seattle None Treatment Plant Q Lift Station Sewer Pipeline Force Main Pipeline 0 1 2 Me I I I I I 8/26/24 Page 15 of 18 Figure 3 Surface Water Facilities 0 Supply Station mr Trench Drain Culvert/Ditch Pipe ❑ Waterbody Stream 0 1 2 Mi I I 1 I I 8/26/24 Page 16 of 18 Figure 4 Electrical Service Providers Electrical Service Area Seattle City Light Puget Sound Energy — Electrical Line SCL Trunk Line 0 Substation 0 1 2 Mi I I I I I 8/26/24 Page 17 of 18 Figure 5 Natural Gas Provider High Pressure Lines PSE Service Provider 0 1 2 Mi I III I 8/26/24 Page 18 of 18 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT DRAFT CITY OF TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT 2024 GROWTH MANAGEMENT ACT UPDATE to the COMPREHENSIVE PLAN September 2024 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION 3 II DEFINITION OF CAPITAL FACILITY 4 III CAPITAL FACILITY PLANNING AND OTHER TUKWILA PLANNING 5 IV MANDATES FROM WASHINGTON STATE 7 Statutory Requirements for Capital Facility Plans and Relationship to Other City Planning Regional Planning Requirements V GROWTH ASSUMPTIONS AND TARGETS 12 Forecast Existing Capacity Historic Growth Trends Summary VI LEVEL OF SERVICE STANDARDS AND CONCURRENCY 18 Parks LOS Standards Fire LOS Standards Surface Water LOS Standards Water LOS Standards Sewer LOS Standards Transportation LOS Standards VII PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES INVENTORY SUMMARY 21 VIII APPENDICES 26 A. Capital Facilities Definition B. KC GMPC 2031 Targets by City and Unincorporated areas C. 20 year Housing and Job Growth Distribution in Tukwila D. Facility Inventory Maps and Tables Page 2 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT I INTRODUCTION Under Washington State's Growth Management Act (GMA), King County and its cities must adopt comprehensive plans that accommodate 20 years of anticipated population and employment growth. Plans must provide for land uses, densities, and associated public facilities that are sufficient to meet the needs of this future growth. Within those state parameters, local governments have discretion as to how they will accommodate the growth within their borders and the levels of service in their public facilities that they will provide. Within the comprehensive plans, facilities must be identified that will be built during the planning period to provide for growth, as well as a realistic financing plan that must be adjusted if funding is inadequate. A key concept is concurrency—adequate public facilities should be ready when the impacts of development occur. State law requires concurrency for transportation. Tukwila has chosen to implement concurrency on water delivery, sewer collection, and transportation, facilities'. In addition to what must be contained within a 20-year comprehensive plan, the State mandates how often that comprehensive plans must be updated at least every ten years. Tukwila's Plan was last update in 2015, and the next update is scheduled for no later than December 31, 2024. The overall Tukwila Capital Facilities Plan (CFP) includes: 1) the goals and policies of the Capital Facilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan; 2) projects listed in the biennial Capital Improvement Program and Financial Planning Model (CIP/FPM), which demonstrates the financial support for the capital program; 3) the Capital Facilities Element Background Report; and 4) the system plans for each of the public facilities. The Tukwila Comprehensive Plan includes goals and policies for its capital facilities; identifying the public facilities and services provided to Tukwila by other public and private entities. The Capital Facilities Plan (CFP) is the six to 20-year plan for capital facilities that serve the land uses and neighborhoods described in this Plan. It guides the development of the City's six -year CIP/FPM, which contains specific projects and funding to implement the Comprehensive Plan. The CIP/FPM is updated in conjunction with the biennial budget. The Tukwila Comprehensive Plan, including the Capital Facilities Element, is based upon regional growth assumptions and adopted targets for Tukwila's share of future household and employment growth. The Capital Facilities Element includes topics that are required by the GMA, and regional plans including the Puget Sound Regional Council's Vision 2050 (adopted 2020), and King County's Countywide Planning Policies (ratified 2023.) This Background Report provides a review of State -mandated topics and regional plans and policies, along with data on Tukwila's most current household and employment targets. This new information will be used as the basis for capital facilities and land use planning in the Comprehensive Plan update. This Report also explains the complex relationship of the various system plans and facilities, which are created to ensure: • adequate facilities and services for the 20-year future of the City, • compliance with Federal and State mandates, and • current best practice requirements and new standards for each line of service. TMC 14.36 and TMC 9.48, respectively. Page 3 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT II DEFINITION OF CAPITAL FACILITY As it plans for capital improvements and public services, the City of Tukwila needs to clarify what should be considered in capital planning. Per the GMA — Planning By Selected Counties And Cities Chapter (RCW 36.70A.030(20)) "Public facilities" include streets, roads, highways, sidewalks, street and road lighting systems, traffic signals, domestic water systems, storm and sanitary sewer systems, parks and recreational facilities, and schools. The GMA uses the terms "Public Facilities" and "Capital Facilities" somewhat interchangeably. The State has also defined "Public services" to include fire protection and suppression, law enforcement, public health, education, recreation, environmental protection, and other governmental services. There is no specific rule as to what to include in capital facility planning. Items to consider include the purchase or construction, major repair, reconstruction or replacement of capital items such as: buildings, utility systems, streets, bridges, parks, and heavy equipment. These are all items that have a high cost and have a useful life of many years. Not all capital projects are included in a Capital Facilities Program. Temporary or emergency projects are typically excluded, even though they may cost millions of dollars, as are small projects, unless several can be bundled together to add up to a dollar threshold. For the purpose of the Tukwila Capital Facilities Element and the CIP/FPM, the following definition is proposed: A capital facility is a major improvement, maintenance, replacement, or acquisition that costs at least $100,000 (including the cost of new equipment necessary to make a project operational), and must meet the following criteria: • Have a life expectancy of 20 years or more, • Result in an addition to the City's fixed assets, and/or • Extend the life of an existing City -owned capital asset Additional discussion of the capital facility definition is included in Appendix A. Page 4 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT III RELATIONSHIP OF THE CAPITAL FACILITIES PLAN TO OTHER TUKWILA PLANNING EFFORTS Preparation of a "Capital Facilities Plan" (CFP) is required by the GMA. In Tukwila this requirement is met through the combination of the long-range Capital Facilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan, the CIP/FPM, and supporting documents such as this Background Report and the various functional plans for sewer, water, parks, open space and recreation, etc. Capital facilities planning is guided by the overall goals and policies of the Comprehensive Plan and the specific revenue, spending, and priorities of the Capital Facilities Element, as well as the priorities of Tukwila's Strategic Plan (2012; last ameujnded 2018). Tukwila has its annual budget linked to its six -year CIP/FPM, and its CIP/FPM linked to its Capital Facilities Element. These links connect the short and long-term capital planning and the financial plan that is needed to support City goals. The unique feature of the Capital Facilities Element is the tie between the capital project timing (i.e., "when"), number ("how much"), and location ("where.") The Comprehensive Plan sets policies about operational versus capital spending, prioritizing capital projects among the competing priorities of, for example, transportation, parks, and general government and creates a connection between the overall community goals, planned growth, and maintaining adopted standards for these public facilities and services. The Capital Facilities Element of Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan is different from the Capital Improvement Program because it looks beyond the six -year CIP/FPM window to years 7 through 20. With available revenue, the six -year CIP/FPM rolls ahead each budget year with new capital projects. The CIP/FPM is an integral part of Tukwila's regular budget cycle and bridges between the biennial planning and the twenty year planning horizon. The CIP/FPM divides projects into two categories, those projects utilizing general government funds and those utilizing enterprise funds. The largest sources of general government funds are local taxes, grants, developer contracts, and bonds. Projects planned with these funds include residential and arterial street improvements, parks, trails, fisheries projects, and buildings. As an example, the Justice Center and the West Valley Highway/Longacres Way Project were built with these funds. In Tukwila, enterprise funds are used to maintain water, sewer and surface water services and the Foster Golf Links. Enterprise funds are mainly generated through user fees, bonds, and grants. The CFP, which includes the Capital Facilities Element and the CIP/FPM, is informed by various utilities and facilities systems plans (Water, Sewer, Parks, Surface Water, draft City Facilities plane), as well as sub -area land use plans (Tukwila International Boulevard, Manufacturing/Industrial Center, Southcenter Plan, Tukwila South, Shoreline Master Program), and resources that together represent the planning and financing mechanisms required to serve the capital facility needs of Tukwila. These system plans are adopted by reference as part of the Comprehensive Plan, and are consulted for information on capital facility inventories, planning, financing, and programming for the City of Tukwila. Strategic Plan 2012 (Updated in 2018) - The city of opportunity, the community of choice. During 2012, the City of Tukwila developed a Strategic Plan to guide its actions and investments for the following five to ten years. The process of developing the Strategic Plan included very robust outreach to and engagement with the residential and businesses communities, as well as with City of Tukwila staff. The Strategic Plan establishes high level aspirations and areas of effort that have informed the CFP by clarifying the issues that are most important to the community. Tukwila's community's overarching direction is to strive to provide superior services that support a safe, inviting and healthy environment for residents, businesses and visitors. As the Strategic Plan is implemented over time, its goals, objectives, and strategies will be reflected in City operations and facilities development. Key goals and objectives have been 2 Fire facilities are addressed through the City's annexation to the Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority. Page 5 of 43 I I CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT integrated into this Capital Facilities Element, and will result in capital improvement projects intended to improve public safety, enhance the appearance and value of neighborhoods, and attract and retain businesses. One such project to emerge from the strategic plan was the development of the 2016 Public Safety Plan, and a voter approved bond that was used, in part, to construct a new Justice Center. In 2018, the City began implementing a new budgeting method called Priority Based Budgeting. An important step in Priority Based Budgeting is to score the City's programs and services against the City's goals identified in the adopted Strategic Plan. Staff conducted outreach to the community in 2018 to determine if the Strategic Plan still reflected the Community's priorities and values. That exercise identified what items had been accomplished, what still needed to be worked on, and what items might be missing from the plan that the City should include in its priorities. The following figure lays out the sequence and relationships of the variety of planning efforts and documents that are created to establish standards and facilities for growth. The following table will be updated with current adoption dates: LONG-RANGE PLANS Strategic Plan (Adopted 20/2) Comprehensive Plan (Major update 2004, adopted 1995) a. CITY OF TUKWILA PLANNING DOCUMENTS RELATIONAL CHART SYSTEM PLANS .+ Water (Last adopted 2001) Sewer (Last adopted 20061 Transportation (Last adopted 20051 Parke, Rec &Open Space t as: anopled 7001 ) Stermwater Management (Last adopted 2003) City Facilities (Draft version) Non -Motorized Transportalion (Last adopted 2009) Fire (Last adopted 2008) SUBAREA PLANS MIC (Las! adopted 2014) Shoreline Master Program (i act adopted 7009) Tukwila Urban Center Tukwila Valley South !Draft version) (Last adopted 2008) TIB Revitalization Plan (Last adopted 1998) IMPLEMENTING DOCUMENTS I REGULATIONS L Financial Planning Model and Capita€ Improvement Program tU'pdated annUaflyj 7r Biennial Budget Tukwila Municipal Code (Ordinances and Resoiutions adopted by Counal as needed) Page 6 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT IV MANDATES FROM WASHINGTON STATE The GMA establishes the basic requirements to plan in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, including planning for the development of capital facilities. Multi -County and county -wide plans implement these requirements through their policies and provide further guidance for local jurisdictions' capital facilities planning and priorities. Within that requirement, Tukwila has the responsibility to prepare and implement its own comprehensive plan. The following sections describe these intergovernmental requirements and relationships. Statutory Requirements for CFPs and Relationship to Other City Planning The 1990 GMA guides planning for growth and development in the state. Per the GMA, local governments in fast growing and densely populated counties are required to develop and adopt comprehensive plans. The GMA has established 15 broad goals to guide the policy development of local comprehensive plans, including: • Encourage development in urban areas where adequate public facilities and services exist or can be provided in an efficient manner; • Ensure that those public facilities and services necessary to support development shall be adequate to serve the development at the time the development is available for occupancy and use without decreasing current service levels below locally established minimum standards. A capital facilities element is one of the seven required elements of a comprehensive plan. It is intended to: • Identify capital facilities needed for the land development that is envisioned or authorized by the Comprehensive Plan's land use element3; • Ensure the maintenance of the quality of life for existing and future development by establishing and maintaining level of service standards for the capital facilities; • Coordinate and provide consistency among various plans that deal with capital improvements, including: o Other elements of the Comprehensive Plan (such as the Utilities, Transportation, and Parks, Recreation, and Open Space elements) o Systems Plans that deal with other City utilities o Plans for capital facilities for the state or other regional governments, such as King County o Plans for other adjacent cities, and o Plans for special purpose districts. • Ensure the timely provision of adequate facilities that are required by the GMA; and document all capital projects and their financing. Per the GMA, Comprehensive plans —Mandatory elements Chapter (RCW 36.70a.070) the Capital Facilities Element shall include: a) An inventory of existing capital facilities owned by public entities, including green infrastructure, showing the locations and capacities of the capital facilities; b) a forecast of the future needs for such capital facilities; c) the proposed locations and capacities of expanded or new capital facilities; d) at least a six -year plan that will finance such capital facilities within projected funding capacities and clearly identifies sources of public money for such purposes; and 3 This plan is creating a single land use element, vs. having land use information located throughout the Plan. Page 7 of 43 1 1 I CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT e) a requirement to reassess the land use element if probable funding falls short of meeting existing needs and to ensure that the land use element, CFP element, and financing plan within the CFP element are coordinated and consistent. Park and recreation facilities shall be included in the CFP element. Tukwila's Capital Facilities Element addresses these requirements as follows: a) Inventory: Details of existing and future capital facilities are located in the individual systems/functional plans, including: Water; Sewer; Transportation; Parks Recreation and Open Space; 4and Surface Water Management. A generalized discussion and listing of public facilities are discussed in a later section of the Report. Fire capital facilities are addressed through the Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority. b) Forecast of Future Facilities: Forecasts of expanded or new capital facilities that are controlled by the City of Tukwila are described in the individual system plans and adopted by reference. c) Locations of Capital Facilities: Proposed locations and capacities of expanded or new capital facilities that are controlled by the City of Tukwila are described in the individual system plans and adopted by reference. Additional policies are found in various related elements of the Comprehensive Plan. d) Six -Year Plan: Tukwila's CIP/FPM is updated biannually and describes capital projects that are funded and that will occur over the six -year period. The 2023-2028 CIP/FPM was adopted in November, 2022. e) Reassessment of land use: The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that adequate facilities will be available at the time growth occurs. This Capital Facilities Element Background Report includes new household and employment targets from the most recent State forecast and are adopted in the latest King County's CPPs. In conjunction with the Urban Growth Capacity Report, the new targets form the basis for Tukwila's land use capacity planning and the capital facilities systems plans. Tukwila evaluates its capital facilities needs and projects regularly by preparing systems plans and conducting biennial review and adoption of the operating budget and CIP/FPM. Tukwila policy requires reevaluating land use assumptions if funding for public facilities is inadequate to provide the needed capital improvements that will maintain adopted community standards. If needed, during the reevaluation process, there are several ways of balancing the demand for public services with supply, including some or all of the following: 1. Using demand management to reduce demand for facilities; 2. Reducing City (levels of service) standards; 3. Reducing the cost of the needed facilities; and/or 4. Changing the timeframe for providing the service. As noted above in #2, the GMA mandates the use of levels of service standards for facilities as the basis for public facilities contained in the CFP (Growth Management - Planning goals Chapter (RCW 36.70A.020.(12)). As a result, public facilities in the CFP must be based on quantifiable, objective measures of capacity, such as traffic volume capacity per mile of road. One of the primary goals of the GMA is to have capital facilities in place concurrent with growth. This concept is known as concurrency or adequate public facilities. Tukwila has defined through regulation that concurrency means that: 1) transportation, sewer, and water facilities to serve development are in place at the time of development, or within six years of its completion, and 2) that such facilities have sufficient capacity to serve development without decreasing levels of service below minimum standards adopted for the community. The GMA gives jurisdictions the authority to require concurrency for all public facilities, but requires concurrency only for transportation facilities. 4 This is being incorporated into the Transportation Plan Page 8 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Regional Planning Requirements The GMA further requires coordination among local governments and includes provisions for regional growth plans and multi -county and countywide planning policies (RCW 36.70A.210). These regional planning efforts also inform Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan and CFP and relevant concepts from those Plans and policies are described below. Puget Sound Regional Vision Description and Overview The VISION 2050 Regional Growth Strategy and multi -county policies were prepared by the Puget Sound Regional Council and adopted in 2020. Based on Washington's GMA, VISION 2050 and its multi -county policies are integrated strategies and policies to guide development, environmental planning, and provision of transportation and services in the central Puget Sound region. The Regional Growth Strategy is a way to distribute growth coming to the region —a forecast of 5.8 million people and 3.4 million jobs by the year 2050. The Plan sets an ambitious goal of attracting 65% of anticipated population growth to the region's centers and near high -capacity transit. This includes metropolitan and core cities, including Tukwila, that have designated regional growth centers, such as the Tukwila Urban Center and Tukwila Manufacturing/Industrial Center. VISION 2050 calls for cities and counties to support building more diverse housing types, especially near transit, services, and jobs. The plan also calls for more housing that's affordable to low- and very low- income households. VISION 2050 works to address current and past inequities, particularly among communities of color, people with low incomes, and historically underserved communities. Growth puts pressure on communities. VISION 2050 also seeks to reduce the risks of displacement of lower -income people and businesses by elevating social and racial equity in regional planning and encouraging local jurisdictions to include equity in their plans. VISION 2050 addresses public services with a goal to have sufficient and efficient public services and facilities provided in a manner that is healthy, safe, and economically viable. VISION 2050 supports a comprehensive transportation system for all modes of travel. The region's light rail, commuter rail, fast ferry, and bus rapid transit lines will expand into one of the country's largest high -capacity transit networks. VISION 2050 includes a goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 80% below 1990 levels. The plan promotes compact growth patterns, low -carbon travel choices, forest and open space protection, and other strategies that help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for the impacts from climate change. Multicounty planning policies serve three key roles: implementing the Regional Growth Strategy, creating a common planning framework for local plans, and providing policy structure for other regional plans. They address wastewater and storm water systems, solid waste, energy, tele- communications, emergency services, and water supply. As Tukwila and the region plan for growth, conservation and improved efficiencies in providing services and facilities are essential. Growth and development in centers and compact urban communities require strategic investments in services and facilities. Municipalities are identified in the GMA as the preferred providers of public services. Urban types of services, such as municipal sewer systems, are not appropriate in rural areas. Tukwila and its potential annexation areas are within the urban growth boundary. Multicounty planning policies address conservation measures to increase recycling and reduce waste. They also encourage more efficient use of water, low -impact development techniques, and renewable and alternative energy. Additional policies address siting public facilities, especially regional capital facilities. Jurisdictions and agencies should invest in facilities and amenities that serve centers. Facilities should also be sited in ways that minimize adverse social, environmental, and economic impacts. King County Countywide Planning Policies —Policy Framework for King County Jurisdictions Description and Policy Direction King County's Countywide Planning Policies (CPPs) support Vision 2050's regional growth strategy and provide policy direction at the county and jurisdiction level with appropriate specificity and detail needed to Page 9 of 43 ■ CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT guide consistent and useable local comprehensive plans and regulations. The CPPs address growth management issues in King County and provide further guidance for coordinating local planning efforts within the county. In addition to the topics discussed under multicounty planning policies, countywide planning efforts also include an analysis of fiscal impacts and include a review and evaluation program. As part of this process, King County works with cities to evaluate future land needs, including regular review of development trends and assumptions. The CPPs provide a countywide vision and serve as a framework for each jurisdiction, including Tukwila, in developing and updating its own comprehensive plan, which must be consistent with the overall goals for the future of King County. The current CPPs have a guiding principle of centering social equity and health by explicitly countering and remedying disparities in determinants of equity. Updated CPPs were adopted by the King County Council in December, 2021. The guiding principles for the most recent update are based on the following: • 2021 Countywide Planning Policies • Centering social equity and health • Integrating regional policy and legislative changes • Providing clear, concise, and actionable direction for comprehensive plans • Implementing the Regional Growth Strategy with 2044 growth targets that form the land use basis for periodic comprehensive plan updates The CPPs call for the orderly provision of public services and utilities concurrent with new development, so that minimum acceptable service levels are maintained. They emphasize economic vitality, climate change and sustainability strategies, and integrating health concepts such as access to health food and increased physical activity in planning. Under the Growth Management Act, King County, in coordination with the cities in King County, adopts growth targets for the ensuing 20-year planning period. Growth targets are policy statements about the amount of housing and employment growth each jurisdiction is planning to accommodate within its comprehensive plan. Growth targets are adopted for each jurisdiction and unincorporated urban King County in the Countywide Planning Policies. Data on development activity, land supply, and capacity is collected, analyzed, and summarized in the Urban Growth Capacity Report. King County and the cities evaluate the consistency of actual development densities with current comprehensive plans and evaluate the sufficiency of land capacity to accommodate growth for the remainder of the planning period. Page 10 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT V GROWTH ASSUMPTIONS AND TARGETS Forecast As directed by the GMA, every five years, the Washington State Office of Financial Management (OFM) prepares a range (low, medium, and high) of possible population growth for the next 20-year period for each of the counties planning under GMA. (Determining population — Projections Chapter (RCW 43.62.035)) County officials, also by law, must select a 20-year GMA planning target from within the range of high and low prepared by OFM. King County's Growth Management Planning Council (GMPC) a formal body consisting of elected officials from King County, Seattle, Bellevue, other cities and towns in King County, special purpose districts, and the Port of Seattle, then divides the forecast population into the cities, towns, and unincorporated areas of King County. These specific local targets are incorporated into King County's CPPs Table DP-1 and are included in Appendix C. When taken together, all the comprehensive plans of King County jurisdictions must "plan for and accommodate" the existing and projected housing needs of the county (RCW 36.70A.020 and 36.70A.070). The King County CPPs contain the assigned targets for each of the cities and unincorporated areas for 2019-2044. The housing target for Tukwila and its Potential Annexation Areas (PAA) is 6,500 new net units over the planning period. The employment target is 15,890 net new jobs for Tukwila. In addition to the overall need for housing units, jurisdictions must plan for the countywide need for housing affordable to households with low-, very low-, and extremely low -incomes, including those with special needs, at a level that calibrates with the jurisdiction's identified affordability gap for those households. Countywide Net New Housing Needed: 2019-2044 124,473 PSI -I 'ermanent Housing: 308,677 Net New Units Neeced 48,213 22,376 14,925 16,928 Emergency Housing 81,762 131-50% AM 151-80%AM l 81-10096 101-120°lo- 120+%AM I AMI AMI 513,983 Emergency Housing Page 11 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Tukwila 2044 Net New Units Allocation 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 471 274 214 610 692 0-30% AM I 31-50% AM I 51-80% A MI 81-100% AM I 101-120% AM I 121+% A M I Data Notes: See Appendix lfor Local Factors used. Produced by King County Department of Community and Human Services, Performance Measurement and Evaluation, March 3, 2023 Existing Capacity 1,242 Emergency Housing Tukwila is required to ensure that its planning policies and regulations are consistent with OFM population projections. (Comprehensive plans — Urban growth areas (RCW 36.70A.110)). Its comprehensive plan and development regulations must provide sufficient land capacity for development (RCW 36.70A.115). In order to ensure compliance with the population projections, all affected agencies with land use authority review their "buildable land" capacity. That means that the City reviews the vacant land, under -developed land and zoning regulations to evaluate the available capacity for additional housing units and commercial and industrial building square footage. The results of Tukwila's last review of its capacity in 2021, demonstrated that there was the potential for 8,219 additional dwelling units and the potential for an additional 14,012 jobs, which means there is a surplus of available land for 2,723 housing units. 2033 Housing capacity The 2021 Urban Growth Capacity Report was calculated at the allowable density within Tukwila's Low Density Residential Zone of 5-7 housing units per acre. However, as Tukwila comes into compliance with recent state laws mandating a greater variety of housing types within residential low density neighborhoods additional capacity will become available The remaining zoned housing capacity is within higher density zoned districts, either multi -family zones or mixed use districts that allow multi -family and commercial uses combined. The Housing Background Report provides additional information regarding the City's housing capacity. Annexation - Additional Capacity Two areas remain within the City's potential annexation area. In recent years, there has been little action by the City to pursue annexation. • The North Highline Potential Annexation Area, which is currently under consideration by the Boundary Review Board, is designated as industrial by Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan, although it is also likely that this area will be annexed by another jurisdiction. There is no potential development for housing units within this area. • The Orillia Road annexation area is designated as low density residential. This area is 52.24 acres with 8 existing homes located on steep slopes. The area is located between Interstate 5 and Orillia Road, a principal arterial. A rough capacity calculation for potential future housing assumed 25% of the area would be set aside for public infrastructure such as streets and would be undevelopable because of the topography. Applying a potential density of 5.7 units per acre5 to the remaining 39 acres provides a potential capacity for 254 new housing units. Realistically, however, this area is very encumbered by critical areas and may have limits to its future capacity. 5 5.7 units per acre is the average density being achieved with the City of Tukwila based upon an analysis of LDR platting between 2001-2005. Page 12 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT In summary, the 2021 King County Urban Growth Capacity Report shows that Tukwila has available zoned capacity to meet its housing and growth targets. Historic Growth Trends Housing Over the past 116 years Tukwila has transitioned from a rural area to a traditional suburb with an emerging urban center. The residential neighborhoods that have grown slowly through infill with additional housing as transportation improved and sewers were installed. Between 2006 and 2018, Tukwila added only 130 new units. While most of Tukwila's low density residential neighborhoods have little remaining vacant land for new homes at the current density, recent changes to State law will allow for creation of additional housing through addition of accessory dwelling units, land division, or redevelopment to small multi -family buildings. Multi -family housing developments came in the latter half of the twentieth century and are interspersed along the edges of the single family neighborhoods, separating the lower density housing from commercial and freeway transportation corridors. No multi -family building larger than a fourplex was built between 1998 and 2018, though since then we have seen the construction of nine new buildings totaling 1,333 units in the Southcenter and TIB Districts. Additional growth is expected in these areas as well as Tukwila South. Below is a table that shows the growth in housing units over the last 20 years. This information is generated from the building permits that were finaled in the categories of single family (SF) and multi -family (MF). Graph to be updated 60 50 40 30 20 v a E c i 10 0 Housing Units: New and Demolished 1992-2012 41 61 20 1R 14 12 17 2R 32 3 4 22 dill 4 54 2 62 35 55 40 40 47 45 .6 16 7 78 87 7 ''Ii' 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year SF Issued lip SF Demo MF Issued MF Demo The total number of housing units in Tukwila in 2021 was 8,255, according to American Community Survey Page 13 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT data. There were 7,755 households with an average of 2.8 persons per household, which is about 10% higher than surrounding areas. While Tukwila has zoning and infrastructure in place that allows denser development, market forces ultimately determine what and when new housing is built. Jobs With its emphasis on both commercial and industrial development, Tukwila has a significant job base, with more than 46,000 covered jobs in 2023. The city contains two regional centers: the Tukwila regional growth center, which contains the Westfield Southcenter Mall area, and the North Tukwila manufacturing/industrial center, located at the north end of the city adjoining the Duwamish manufacturing/industrial center in the City of Seattle. More than 70% of the city's jobs are located within the city's regional growth center and manufacturing center. The Puget Sound Regional Council is the source of jobs information. Their data derive from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), which come from administrative records employers report, by law, to the Washington State Employment Security Department (ESD). The unit of measurement is jobs, rather than working persons or proportional full-time employment (FTE) equivalents. Covered employment refers to both full- and part-time jobs in the labor force that are "covered" under state and federal unemployment insurance laws and programs. Certain categories of employment are excluded such as: self-employed individuals, active military, proprietors, railroad workers, unpaid family workers, and all other workers not covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws. Covered employment represents approximately 90% of total employment. The table below shows the covered employment within Tukwila since adoption of the current Comprehensive Plan. 60000 50000 40000 v v a 0 E 30000 w Ta O 20000 10000 0 Tukwila Total Covered Employment 'b oi 0 y 00 0ti 0ti 0'� 0° 0`� 0� 0A 09' 0� N. N.. yL y� yR yh N. y'� titiL yo yo yo yo yo t. yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo ,yo yo yo yo yo yo yo yo • Const_Res • FIRE • Manufacturing • Retail • Services • WTU ■ Government ■ Education The data fluctuate by jobs over the years, fluctuating between 40,000 and 50,000 total jobs. The most consistent trend seen is a continuous shrinking of jobs within the manufacturing industry, consistent with broader regional trends. Page 14 of 43 Summary In 1995, the City of Tukwila elected to have a designated regional growth center as well as a manufacturing and industrial center. These designations bring with it the requirement to prepare plans to accommodate higher than normal housing and employment targets. In the 2024-2044 planning period, the housing and employment targets for Tukwila are respectively 6,500 and 15,890. The planning concept is that most of that household growth will occur in higher density housing within a transformed Southcenter neighborhood, with additional growth in the Tukwila International Boulevard and Tukwila South districts. The jobs will primarily be dispersed among the Tukwila Urban Center, Manufacturing/Industrial Center and new development within Tukwila South. The maps in Appendix B show how Tukwila staff anticipates the new housing units and jobs will be distributed within Tukwila. The amount of housing capacity currently available in both the incorporated City and future City areas provides adequate capacity for Tukwila's housing and job targets. The goals and policies of the existing Comprehensive Plan are designed to accommodate this additional housing at a variety of affordability levels through the continued implementation of the Southcenter Subarea Plan, the zoning redevelopment along the TIB corridor, and the development of Tukwila South. Targets, Capital Facilities planning and Comprehensive Plan goals The targets discussed above are estimates of the number of new housing units and jobs that Tukwila should strive to accommodate during the period through 2044. The targets for each of the cities and the unincorporated areas are intended as a guide with some flexibility to reflect the limited capability of individual jurisdictions to determine their precise rates of growth. Each jurisdiction must adopt policies and regulations that allow that targeted growth to be accommodated. The GMA requires that provisions be made to reassess the Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan periodically. The intent of this requirement is to ascertain that adequate facilities will be made available at the time development (as called for in the Comprehensive Plan) occurs and needed facilities provided. If the anticipated funding for needed capital facilities is not adequate, the GMA requires a reassessment of the Land Use Element to determine what changes, if any, need to be made. The targets are the starting point for planning capital facilities, gauging needs and determining if level of service standards can be met, and at what cost. They are estimates of the number of new housing units and jobs that jurisdictions should be prepared to accommodate during the planning period. While the targets represent a commitment to plan for and accommodate, they do not obligate a jurisdiction to guarantee that a given number of housing units will be built or jobs added during the planning period. Page 15 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT VI LEVEL OF SERVICE STANDARDS AND CONCURRENCY The intent of the City is to provide adequate public facilities and services, as efficiently and cost- effectively as possible, to serve both existing and new development. Facilities and services will be designed to meet the service standards of the community and to support Tukwila's land use growth and development goals. In situations where the public facility is not owned directly by the City, the City will advocate for the provision of adequate services and coordinate with the responsible agency. Level of Service (LOS) standards are crafted and adopted to measure the adequacy of services being provided. The GMA requires jurisdictions to establish LOS for transportation -related facilities (RCW 36.70A.070(6)(a)), but LOS may also be established for other public facilities and services. Once an LOS standard is established, the performance of a specific capital facility or service can be measured. A capital facility operating at or above the established LOS indicates no need for improvements or new facilities. A facility operating below the established LOS is an indication that there may be a need for improved or new facilities. However, if funding is not available to bring the service back to the established level, then there are a number of actions that can be taken. LOS can be reexamined to determine if it reflects the desired community service level or development can be modified, or the City may shift its resources and change the service levels among the various "products" that the City provides. In the context of development and capital facilities planning, "concurrency" means that adequate public facilities, services or strategies are in place to serve new development at the time the development is ready to be occupied. Washington's GMA (Comprehensive plans — Mandatory elements (RCW 36.70A.070(6)(b) and .108)) requires that facilities such as transportation and utilities are to be in place at the time development is completed - or that a commitment has been made to complete the facilities within six years. The GMA does not specifically require concurrency for facilities other than transportation facilities. However, GMA goals, the Washington Administrative Code (WAC), subdivision statutes, and case law encourage or require provision of a broader range of facilities and system improvements prior to development approval. For instance, the subdivision statute requires local jurisdictions to find that "appropriate provision" is made for "open spaces, drainage ways, streets or roads, alleys, other public ways, transit stops, potable water supplies, sanitary wastes, parks and recreation, playgrounds, schools and school grounds, sidewalks and other facilities," prior to subdivision approval (RCW 58.17.110.) Building code statutes require evidence of an adequate water supply before a building permit may be issued (RCW 19.27.097.) Currently, there are three types of services that Tukwila provides, or coordinates with other service providers to provide, and that are subject to the requirement of the City's concurrency management ordinance. They are transportation6, water, and sanitary sewer facilities. For facilities subject to concurrency, LOS standards are used to determine the need for such facilities, test the adequacy of such facilities to serve proposed development concurrent with the impacts of the development, and ensure that appropriate levels of capital resources are allocated. For facilities not subject to concurrency, LOS standards are helpful as a management tool to see what facilities and services may be needed in the future and to measure overall performance of City provided services and facilities. Tukwila has chosen to not require parks facility staffing and response standards to be subject to concurrency. That means that development will not be stopped should the City not be able to maintain those levels of services as the City grows. As of 2025, fire staffing and response will be addressed through the City's agreement to annexation into the Kent Fire Departments Regional Fire Authority. Impact fees are collected from applicants proposing new development, proportionate to its impact. Fees are collected to pay for transportation facilities and parks. Impact fees may not be used to correct deficiencies and must be applied to a scheduled project from which the new development could reasonably benefit. 6 With this update to the Comprehensive Plan, the City is transitioning to a multimodal level of service. Page 16 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT The following are Parks service levels for City of Tukwila that are codified for purposes of impact fee assessment and/or concurrency: Parks Level of Service Standards Tukwila Parks and Recreation has two LOS standards, one as outlined in the 2014 PROS Plan based on access, and one included in the proposed amended version of the 2014 PROS Plan based on the per capita investment. • Parks LOS 1: All residents and visitors should be within 1/4 to '/2 mile of a City -owned park. • Parks LOS 2: The investment per capita of the City's park systems including land and facilities commensurate with the current level of investment as growth occurs. PARKS: RESIDENTIAL SINGLE FAMILY MULTIFAMILY TOTAL Identified Service Area Capital Need from Growth Per Capita Investment Needed to Respond to Growth for Service Area Population Household Size Unadjusted per Unit Fee Expected Revenue per Capita People per Unit 2.89 2.51 $4,448.83 $3,875.51 2.89 2.51 Expected Revenue per Unit $39.81 $34.68 $23,531,750 $1,542 $13.80 Adjusted Parks Impact Fee Rates per Unit *4* $4,409.02 $3,840.83 Page 17 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT PARKS; COMMERCIAL RETAIL OFFICE INDUSTRIAL TOTAL 2016 Built Square Feet Identified Service Area Capital Need from Growth 7,087,600 7,1 83,598 13,778,1 28 28,049,326 $23,531,750 Per Capita Investment Needed to Respond to Growth for Service Area Population Expected Employees per 1,000 Sq. Ft. Expected Employees Adjusted for Population Coefficient 2.47 2.22 1.32 1.19 1.23 .66 Unadjusted Fee per 1,000 Gross Sq. Ft. $2,034.97 $1,834.56 $1,017.49 Expected Revenue per Employee Expected Employees per 1,000 Sq. Ft. 2.47 2.22 1.23 Expected Revenue per 1,000 Gross Sq. Ft. $34.03 $30.63 $16.92 $1,542 $13.80 Adjusted Parks Impact Fee Rates per 1,000 Gross Sq. Ft. *** $2,000.94 $1,803,93 $1,000.57 Fire Level of Service Standard The Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority (PFS) uses two measures for evaluating response - one for Fire Response and one for Medical Response. For Fire, the key is time to Flashover. The need to arrive prior to Flashover (the point at which an entire room bursts into flame, spreading outside of the room involved) is critical to life and property preservation. For Medical, the measure is time to "brain death." The need to arrive prior to brain death is critical to meaningful recovery from a medical event. This is often measured in resuscitation success rates for cardiac events. For medical events involving trauma, the time to delivery at a Trauma Center is key. Essentially, the quicker the response, the better the outcomes. Additional information has been requested from the PS RFA PSF relies on nationally recognized standards published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Fire call o First -in: _ (Alarm =1:00 + Turnout = 1:20 + Travel = 4:00) = 6:20 o Full alarm: (Alarm = 1:00 + Turnout = 1:20 + Travel = 8:00) = 10:20 Medical — Basic & Advanced Life Support Services o First -in: _ (Alarm =1:00 + Turnout = 1:00 + Travel = 4:00) = 6:00 o Full Alarm: = (Alarm =1:00 + Turnout = 1:00 + Travel = 8:00) = 10:00 PSF also uses several other resources to determine the best industry practices, including the Center for Public Safety Excellence which provides a wide range of standards, and Fire Department Accreditation, Fire and Emergency Services professional Credentialing, and Education Programs on contemporary fire and emergency services "Best Practices." Page 18 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Surface Water Facilities Level of Service Standard Surface Water facility designs that meet the requirements of the Water and Sewers Chapter of the Tukwila Municipal Code (TMC 14.30 - Surface Water Management.) All developments that meet the Code's design requirements are considered to meet the concurrency standards for Surface Water. Water Level of Service Standard Water rights and the water system capacity, including water mains, pump stations and other facilities as may be necessary, to provide • For Residential uses: 1,500 gallons per minute (as feasible); or • For commercial/industrial uses: 4,500 gallons per minute (as feasible). For additional detail, review the current Water System Plan. Sewer Level of Service Standard An on -site sewage system design from the Seattle- King County Department of Environmental Health in accordance with the rules and regulations of the King County Board; or the necessary sewer system capacity, including sewer mains, pump stations and other facilities as may be necessary to preclude sewerage that rises to the surface; or that such capacity will be available by the time a certificate of occupancy is issued. Transportation Facilities Level of Service Transportation facility designs must meet the level of service standards established in the Transportation Element. Page 19 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT VII PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES INVENTORY SUMMARY The following is a summary inventory of providers furnishing public facilities and services within the City of Tukwila. The involvement of public service providers and private service providers results in a complicated planning process for public services and capital facilities. There are three different types of service providers serving the City of Tukwila: 1. Facilities and services owned by the City: streets, sewerage collection, water storage and distribution, surface water conveyance and treatment, parks and recreation programming, police service, local judicial system, local government administration/buildings; 2. Facilities and Services Provided by Other Public Agencies and Private Corporations: electricity, gas, telecommunications, schools, libraries, solid waste landfill, freeways, transit, air transportation; and 3. Facilities and services provided by a consortium of public agencies: emergency dispatch, jail. The City also receives services resulting from its City's annexation into the Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority, Facilities and Services Provided by the City of Tukwila: Tables with inventories and maps of City owned Facilities are attached (Appendix D.) Transportation By far the largest capital facility in the City in terms of acreage, cost and overall impact is the City street and multimodal network. The transportation network is described in detail in the Transportation Element of the Comprehensive Plan, along with the goals and policies regarding this subject. Municipal Buildings and Non -Park Land City services are provided to the citizens of the City in structures that are owned and leased by the City. Among the necessary facilities are general office space, a court, and utility and vehicle maintenance and storage facilities. The City receives fire services through facilities provided through the Kent Fire Department Regional Fire Authority, and arrangements made with the City of Tukwila for use of some fire stations in Tukwila. There are also a number of miscellaneous properties that are either vacant or provide a current or anticipated future public service. Among these miscellaneous properties are three houses where temporary emergency housing is provided through a City contract with a nonprofit. Parks, Recreation and Open Space The City of Tukwila provides a variety of recreational opportunities to its citizens and visitors. In addition, Tukwila owns and operates Foster Golf Links and the Tukwila Community Center. A Recreation, Parks, and Open Space Master Plan, adopted on a revolving six -year schedule, provides more detailed information. The most recent PROS Plan was adopted in 2020. Water Storage and Conveyance Water service to the City of Tukwila is by the City's own water utility as well as, Highline Water District, Water District #20, Water District #125, and the City of Renton. The main source of the water used by the providers comes from Seattle Public Utilities (SPU), which obtains its water from the Cedar River watershed and the Tolt River watershed. The water is sold by SPU to the Districts by direct contract or through the Cascade Water Alliance. Highline and the City of Renton also have water rights for ground water withdrawn to supplement (SPU) water. Common issues facing the City's five water purveyors are: • Declining water consumption due to increased water conservation thereby causing customer water rates to increase to cover the providers fixed costs of providing service. Page 20 of 43 1 1 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT • The changes in regulations from the Washington State Dept. of Health requiring providers to increase the storage of water in reservoirs for emergency use. • The Federal Government Safe Drinking Water Act requiring additional testing for various substances which may be present in drinking water sources. • The threatened species regulations for Puget Sound Chinook Salmon and Bull Trout affect source water system operations thereby increasing costs to the water purveyors. • The costs of replacing aging infrastructure because most of the piping is coming up on the end of its design life. Sanitary Sewer Collection Wastewater service to the City of Tukwila is provided by the City's own wastewater utility, as well as the City of Renton, and the Valley View Sewer District. King County Wastewater Treatment Division (WTD) provides treatment of wastewater to the three providers. The wastewater treatment plant is at King County's Renton facility located off Monster Road. Common issues facing the three wastewater providers to the City are: • The costs of replacing aging infrastructure because most of the piping is coming to the end of its design life. • Increased costs for the treatment of the wastewater. • Finding uses for reclaimed treated wastewater. • Disposal of solid material removed from the wastewater. • Meeting the new and higher requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington State Department of Ecology. Surface Water Management The City of Tukwila Surface Water Utility provides storm water conveyance and treatment facilities throughout the City of Tukwila. The Surface Water Management (SWM) program includes a comprehensive maintenance program, watershed planning, engineering, public information, and financial management. The program addresses all surface waters within the city including built stormwater infrastructure, creeks, and rivers to manage stormwater conveyance and treatment, reduce flooding and restore habitat was designed to address existing and future stormwater quality and quantity issues facing the City of Tukwila. As a specific function of government, SWM addresses point and nonpoint source pollution, rainfall -related erosion and sedimentation, rainfall runoff management, and flood control. Facilities and Services Provided by Other Agencies: Non -Tukwila providers furnish public services and facilities to Tukwila residents and businesses. The City of Tukwila, as a governing agency, is involved in these services through formal or informal agreements, through franchise or contractual agreements or development permits, but has no direct involvement in their operations and capital investments. The City of Tukwila's involvement in capital planning may occur during comprehensive system planning, environmental review, or on the project level via development review and permitting. With the exception of schools, most of the providers are regional in nature. Most of the facilities and services are utilities such as sewer, water, electricity, telecommunications, etc., and are described and discussed in the Utilities Element. Two of the most visible services that are equated with place/geography are schools and libraries. There is a strong link between quality of life and the level of service received through schools and libraries. The Tukwila community relies heavily on its schools and libraries and there is a strong collaboration between the City of Tukwila and the Tukwila School District and the King County Library System. Schools Most of the City's residents are served by the Tukwila School District. Approximately 15% of the residents are served by the Highline School District. Approximately five Tukwila students attend schools in the Renton School District, whose District includes a large area and assessed valuation within Tukwila's boundaries including a large portion of the Southcenter area (Tukwila's urban center,) and most of the Tukwila South area. The Highline, Kent and Seattle School Districts also each have some portion of the City of Tukwila within their district boundaries. Other than the Tukwila School District, only the Highline District has a school within the municipal boundaries of Tukwila. See the Attached School District Boundary Map in Appendix D. Page 21 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Most of Tukwila's low density residential neighborhoods are "built out," that is, there is no more vacant land for new homes at the current density. However, recent changes to State law will allow for creation of additional housing through addition of accessory dwelling units, land division, or redevelopment to small multi -family buildings. Larger household and residential population growth is expected to occur through redevelopment within portions of Tukwila International Boulevard, the Southcenter District and Tukwila South. Representative of other school districts, the Highline School District reported that, between 2010 and 2017, schools experienced steady increases in enrollment, but in 2018 and 2019, enrollment numbers declined. This decline has been attributed to smaller birth cohorts, slower regional population growth, the presence of Charter schools in the area and the reduced rates of new home construction, particularly affordable housing. Enrollment experienced a significant drop beginning in 2020 with the pandemic. This decline is expected to continue for the next 5 years, with enrollment gradually picking up again in 2028. Once enrollment growth occurs again, it is expected to be modest during the early part of the planning period. Recent housing construction has been in senior housing, however, as a greater variety of housing types come into the market, student growth should accelerate over time. Specific information on school district facilities including, but not limited to, enrollment, classroom size, service standards, and financing, is contained in each school district's CFP. Issues: Information has been requested from these school districts to confirm if these conditions still exist • Tukwila School District anticipates their capital facilities needs can be met through use of portables, and selected upgrades as specified in the 2008 State Study and Survey, which is a requirement of the State (WAC 180-25-025,) and prepared by NAC Architecture. • Highline School District has adopted a CFP and within that document shows a forecast and need to build an additional elementary school and expand the number of portables. Most of the growth is anticipated to occur within the unincorporated areas of White Center/Boulevard Park and in the City of Kent. In order to meet that capital need they have calculated an impact fee of $7,912 for new single family homes and $3,101 for each new multi -family housing unit. • Renton School District --Future housing development is expected in the Tukwila Urban Center and possibly in Tukwila South, which would impact Renton Schools enrollment. However, growth is expected to be slow and delayed. This District is supported by significant property taxes from within the City of Tukwila. The District also has an impact fee of $1, 308 (2012) for multi- family housing units, which could potentially stymy the Tukwila goal of housing within its urban center. • Seattle School District — The Seattle school system encompasses Tukwila's industrial center and the Ryan Hill neighborhood. Tukwila's Manufacturing/Industrial Center is home to the new Aviation High School, a Highline School District Facility. At present, the undeveloped portions of the Ryan Hill neighborhood do not have sewer and water service and therefore have limited growth potential, however there are plans underway to expand this service to allow greater development in the future. • Kent School District — A small segment of the Tukwila South and the Orillia Road PAA are within the Kent District. The District has an impact fee system to assist in paying for its facilities. During the environmental review for the Segale Properties' Tukwila South Development, there were no comments from either the Renton or Kent School systems about the estimated impact to their facilities from the possible projected student growth. Library Services King County Library System (KCLS) provides library services at the Tukwila and Southcenter libraries. KCLS is a regional service provider with 50 locations throughout King County The 10,000 square foot Tukwila Library opened in 2017 on Tukwila International Boulevard and features free computers with internet access, a flexible meeting / study / activity room, and an exterior Book Locker that allows patrons to pick up requested materials 24/7. In 2022, Tukwila Library users logged 20,000 computer sessions and borrowed 90,000 items. The 5,000 square foot Library Connection@Southcenter is located in the Westfield Southcenter mall and Page 22 of 43 CAPITAL FACIL is one of the busiest KCLS libraries for foot traffic — more than 100,000 visits in 2022. The library was significantly expanded in 2017 with additional space, seating, and computers. Nearly 60% of items borrowed by Southcenter Library users are from KCLS' extensive digital collection of eBooks, films, music, and streaming media. King County Library System plans to continue its commitment to digital and environmental equity by providing library services and facilities Tukwila residents value. KCLS conducts regular polling of users and commissions research on King County's changing demographics. One result has been the launch of Welcoming Center services for immigrants that provides library ambassadors who assist new arrivals in multiple languages. Welcoming Centers are currently located in the Auburn, Kent, and Federal Way libraries, with a Welcoming Center at the Tukwila Library planning to open soon. Transit Transit services for the City of Tukwila is provided by King County and Sound Transit. The role of transit services is discussed in greater detail in the Transportation Element. River Flood Protection All King County property taxpayers are assessed a tax to support the flood protection measures of the King County Flood Control District. There are four river basins within the County. Specific measures are built and maintained along each of these rivers to protect property from river floods. This function/facilities and service is an integral part of the public safety and economic health of Tukwila. The Green River is one of the major environmental features and assets of the City yet the flooding protection facilities are managed and certified by other agencies. Issues: • Coordination on flood prevention facilities is primarily through the City's Surface Water program. All of the City's surface water that is not recharged into ground water, flows into the Green River. • A significant amount of City resources are spent coordinating flood protection measures. The City assumes a role of advocating for City health and benefit as well as supplementing when the District's efforts are not sufficient. • With global climate change, warmer and wetter will mean the potential for bigger costs and higher potential flooding impacts from this environmental feature of the City or from the surface water features in the City that flow into the river. Facilities and services provided by a consortium of public agencies Jail SCORE (South Correctional Entity) is a misdemeanor jail in Des Moines, Washington, serving the confinement needs of seven member cities, including Tukwila, and a number of contract agencies with a total capacity of 813 inmates. The facility opened in September 2011 and will provide long-range capacity needs for the next 20 years. The jail provides programming space for education, community transition, and job training. Emergency Dispatch Valley Communications Center is the regional 9-1-1 Center for South King County. It is located in Kent, Washington and provides emergency communications services to communities of South King County. Valley Corn, as it is commonly known, is responsible for answering emergency 9-1-1 calls and dispatching resources such as police officers, firefighters and paramedics to citizens requiring assistance. Its service area spans the area from Seattle's southern border to a few blocks south of the Pierce County line and from Vashon Island to the foothills of the Cascade Mountain Range. In 1976, the mayors of the Cities of Auburn, Kent, Renton and Tukwila entered into an Interlocal Agreement to consolidate their police and fire dispatching services into one organization. In 2000, the City of Federal Way was added as a partner/owner and on August 23, 2000, the Valley Communications Center Public Development Authority was created for the purpose of financing the construction of a new state-of-the-art 24,000 square foot facility. On June 23, 2002, Valley Corn moved into the new facility with planned space for 20 years of operations. Page 23 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Fire The City of Tukwila entered in a contractual consolidation with Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority (PSF) in 2023, and then annexed into PSF on January 1, 2024. The PSF service area includes the cities of Covington, Kent, Maple Valley, SeaTac, and Tukwila, as well as unincorporated areas of King County within Fire Districts 37 and 43. Services are delivered 24-hours per day, 365 days per year by career firefighters and support staff. Services delivered by PSF include fire suppression, fire prevention, code enforcement, fire investigation; emergency and non -emergent medical services (medical), hazardous materials response, specialized rescue, emergency management, community risk reduction, and community relations. Under the GMA, Tukwila requires that new growth and development should pay a proportionate share of the cost of new facilities needed to serve the new growth and development. As such, the City assesses fire impact fees to promote orderly growth and development. The financing for system improvements to serve new development must provide for a balance between impact fees and other sources of public funds; and cannot rely solely on impact fees. PSF uses state growth projections, along with overall emergency calls for services; housing and population projections; and commercial development in planning for capital resource needs. They evaluate impacts to System Capacity (facility space needs for equipment and staffing) and can re -deploy apparatus or staffing to increase Concentration of service. Emergency Calls for Services Emergency incidents continue to increase each year commensurate with growth. Notable increases have occurred in Tukwila, along with Covington and Maple Valley. All PSF areas have experienced a steeper increase in 2021 and 2022 leading to higher overall call volumes. PSF call volume is expected to grow consistent with historical trends identified in this plan. Predicted growth is high in Tukwila, and PSF expects that additional resources may need to be added to fire stations serving the area. 5-Year Annual Incident Count 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 5 year Change Covington 1,618 1,635 1,644 1,848 2,126 31% FD37 498 511 516 579 615 23% FD43 1,096 1,203 1,281 1,229 1,263 15% Kent 17,844 18,244 17,720 19,402 20,820 17% Maple Valley 1,508 1,572 1,561 1,859 1,936 28% Tukwila 5,734 5,979 5,284 6,869 7,527 31% SeaTac 4,658 4,840 4,690 5,452 5,430 17% TOTAL 32,956 33,984 32,696 37,238 39,717 21% Fee Process Fire Impact and Level of Service fees are assessed, and typically paid, concurrent with the local jurisdiction's permitting process. The fees are paid to the local jurisdiction and then transferred to PSF via interlocal agreements. PSF then uses those funds to maintain the adopted level of service concurrent with growth. PSF uses two basic land use categories: residential, and commercial. Residential properties include both single family and multifamily (duplex, townhome, apartments) units. Commercial property is those uses that would otherwise be classified as industrial, business, retail sales, services, wholesale sales, storage, assisted care facilities, churches, medical facilities, etc. PSF's Capital Facilities and Equipment Plan identifies the resources and revenue needed to provide adequate service and maintain public health and safety over a 20-year planning cycle. Each year an updated Six Year Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) is adopted. The CIP updates capital and equipment needs for the PSF. The CIP provides projected costs and data in the next six years to be used in the calculation of Fire Impact and Level of Service fees. Page 24 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT VIII APPENDIX A. Capital Facilities Definition: For the purpose of the Capital Facilities Element and Planning, a capital facility is a major improvement, maintenance, replacement, or acquisitions that costs at least $100,000 (including the cost of new equipment necessary to make a project operational), and must meet the following criteria: • Have a life expectancy of ten years or more, • Result in an addition to the City's fixed assets, and/or • Extend the life of an existing City -owned capital asset Not all capital projects are included in the Capital Facilities Program. Temporary projects are excluded as are small projects, unless several can be bundled together to add up to $100,000. Examples of capital facilities are: • Land or site purchases or development • Building or structure purchases and/or construction • Purchase and/or construction of infrastructure such as streets, roads, highways, sidewalks, street/road lighting systems, traffic signals, storm and sanitary sewer systems, solid waste facilities such as landfills or recycling centers, parks and recreational facilities • Major remodeling or maintenance of infrastructure • Major design, professional consulting, engineering, and construction services associated with a capital project • Purchase of major computer systems. Capital projects do NOT include rolling stock, routine maintenance, routine computer purchases, or environmental cleanup. Background Why does the City need a definition of a capital facility? The State of Washington requires that Tukwila prepare a capital facility plan. Public facilities and services' are listed; however, within those categories, a monetary and definitional boundary is not provided. In order to manage the decision -making process, agreement on scope is helpful. The City makes thousands of purchases over the course of a year and over the course of its existence. The primary purpose of the Capital Facility Plan is to ensure that the City is planning and budgeting to meet its adopted level of service standards. The State has defined capital facilities8 for cities planning under the GMA when levying an additional tax on the sale of real property. A wide range of public facilities and equipment should be considered in capital planning. While there are no hard and fast rules, capital planning deals with the purchase or construction, major repair, ' RCW 36.70A.030 (12) "Public facilities" include streets, roads, highways, sidewalks, street and road lighting systems, traffic signals, domestic water systems, storm and sanitary sewer systems, parks and recreational facilities, and schools. (13) "Public services" include fire protection and suppression, law enforcement, public health, education, recreation, environmental protection, and other governmental services. 8 RCW 82.46.035(5) "Capital project" means those public works projects of a local government for planning, acquisition, construction, reconstruction, repair, replacement, rehabilitation, or improvement of streets, roads, highways, sidewalks, street and road lighting systems, traffic signals, bridges, domestic water systems, storm and sanitary sewer systems, and planning, construction, reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation, or improvement of parks. Page 25 of 43 ■ reconstruction or replacement of capital items such as: buildings, utility systems, streets, bridges, parks, and heavy equipment which are of high cost and have a useful life of manyyears. Capital expenditures are sometimes difficult to identify. A utility truck or a new computer, thought of as a very costly capital item in a small community, may be considered in the operating budget in a larger jurisdiction. In contrast, operating activities generally have a low cost per unit and recur on a frequent or regular basis. Capital expenditures are usually determined based on their projected life span and initial cost estimates. In some jurisdictions a capital expenditure may be an item that has an initial cost greater than $2,500 and a useful life of five or more years. Other communities might set initial cost limits at $20,000 and life span expectations at a minimum of ten years. Capital expenditures can be considered costs other than those covered in regular operating budgets for the following three major categories: 1. Infrastructure (roads, bridges, parks, facilities [including building systems and remodeling], sewers, solid waste, water systems); 2. Heavy equipment and vehicles; and 3. Office equipment (computers, calculators, furniture). There can be a further distinction between capital outlays and capital projects; Capital Outlay. Any non -major capital expenditure having a service life of two years (for example) or more and a value of $150 (for example) or more that is not physically dependent on or affixed to a particular stationary fixed asset. Examples: office equipment and vehicles. Capital Projects. A major capital expenditure exceeding $1,000 in value, (for example) with a fixed life of one year (for example) or more; a separate, discrete improvement that has a specific purpose in developing, upgrading, replacing or maintaining the existing infrastructure. Examples: upgrades to facilities, roads, sewers. These ARE Capital Improvements: • City Halls • Land Purchases • Courthouses • Street Lighting Systems • Fire and Police Stations • Storm Sewers • Major Building Additions & Remodeling Park Land & Development Airports • Streets, Roads, & Sidewalks • Disposal Sites & Equipment • Parking Lots & Buildings • Jails • Sewer & Water Mains • Recreation Buildings • Schools Tennis • Courts • Hospitals • Swimming Pools • Water & Sewage Treatment Plants These MAY BE Capital Improvements: • Road Graders & Similar Equip. • Police Cars • Computer Systems • Pickup Trucks • Police & Fire Radio System • Street & Road Repairs Trash • Compactor Trucks • Playground Equipment • Minor Building Remodeling or Additions These ARE USUALLY Operating Expenses: • Office Furniture • Pothole Repairs • Lawn Mowers • Road Gravel Page 26 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT B. 2030 Housing and Job Growth Distribution in Tukwila [THIS MAP WILL BE UPDATED IN THE FINAL PLAN] Burien Tac 10.5 0.25 0 0.5 Miles uF T 7 5 204 St Lake Washington Seattle ath: W+Long Flange Projects12014 CompPlanUpda[elGrephics1ElemenlMapslHouseholdGrowihmxd King County Kent enton Projected Household Growth by TAZ 2010-2030 Legend L.._.i CityLimits Household Growth r10-15 �15-50 rI 50 - 100 r—I100-200 200 and above II Traffic Analysis Zones p*saved . Page 27 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT C. KC GMPC 2044 Targets by City and Unincorporated Areas Page 28 of 43 i CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Jurisdiction 2019-2044 Housing Target 2019-2044 Jobs Target 2 Bellevue 35,000 70,000 IJ +� 2 U Seattle 112,000 169,500 Metropolitan Cities - Subtotal 147,000 239,500 Core Cities Auburn 12,000 19,520 Bothell 5,800 9,500 Burien 7,500 4,770 Federal Way 11,260 20,460 Issaquah 3,500 7,950 Kent 10,200 32,000 Kirkland 13,200 26,490 Redmond 20,000 24,000 Renton 17,000 31,780 SeaTac 5,900 14,810 Tukwila 6,500 15,890 Core Cities - Subtotal 112,860 207,170 High Capacity Transit Communities Des Moines 3,800 2,380 Federal Way PAA 1,020 720 Kenmore 3,070 3,200 Lake Forest Park 870 550 Mercer Island 1,239 1,300 Newcastle 1,480 500 North Highline PAA 1,420 1,220 Renton PAA - East Renton 170 0 Renton PAA - Fairwood 840 100 Renton PAA - Skyway/West Hill 670 600 Shoreline 13,330 10,000 Woodinville 2,033 5,000 High Capacity Transit Communities - Subtotal 29,942 25,570 Jurisdiction 2019-2044 2019-2044 Housing Target Jobs Target Cities and Towns Algona 170 325 Beaux Arts 1 0 Black Diamond 2,900 680 Carnation 799 450 Clyde Hill 10 10 Covington 4,310 4,496 Duvall 890 990 Enumclaw 1,057 989 Hunts Point 1 0 Maple Valley 1,720 1,570 Medina 19 0 Milton 50 900 Normandy Park 153 35 North Bend 1,748 2,218 Pacific 135 75 Sammamish 2,100 728 Skykomish 10 0 Snoqualmie 1,500 4,425 Yarrow Point 10 0 Cities and Towns - Subtotal 17,583 17,891 Urban Unincorporated Auburn PM 12 0 Bellevue PAA 17 0 Black Diamond PAA 328 0 Issaquah PAA 35 0 Kent PAA 3 300 Newcastle PAA 1 0 Pacific PM 134 0 Redmond PM 120 0 Sammamish PM 194 0 Unaffiliated Urban Unincorporated 448 400 Urban Unincorporated - Subtotal 1,292 700 Urban Growth Area - TOTAL 308,677 490,831 Page 29 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Table DM: King County Jurisdiction Growth Targets 2019-2044 Net New Units and Jobs 2019-2044 2019-2044 Jurisdiction Housing Target Job Target 0 ,„, cu 'em. Bellevue Seattle 35,000 112,000 70,000 169,500 Metropolitan Cities Subtotal 147,000 239,500 Auburn 12,000 19,520 Bothell 5,800 9,500 Burien 7,500 4,770 Federal Way 11,26O 20,460 11 ,°; Issaquah 3,500 7,950 0 cii Kent 10,200 32,000 8 Kirkland 13,200 26,490 Redmond 20,000 24,000 Renton 17,000 31,780 SeaTac 5,900 14,810 Tukwila 6,500 15,890 Core Cities Subtotal 112,860 207,170 High Capacity Transit Communities Des Moines 3,800 2,380 Federal Way FAA 1,020 720 Kenmore 3,070 3,200 Lake Forest Park 870 550 Mercer Island 1,239 1,300 Newcastle 1,480 500 North Highline FAA 1,420 1,220 Renton FAA - East Renton 170 0 Renton FAA - Fairwood 840 100 Renton FAA - Skyway/West Hill 67O 600 Shoreline 13,330 10,000 Woodinville 2,033 5,000 High Capacity Transit 29,942 25,570 Communities Subtotal Page 30 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Table DP-1: King County Jurisdiction Growth Targets 2019-2044 Net New Units and Jobs 2019-2044 2019-2044 lurisdiction Housing Target Job Target Algona 170 325 Beaux Arts 1 0 Black Diamond 2,900 680 Carnation 799 450 Clyde Hill 10 10 Covington 4,310 4,496 Duvall 890 990 Li E Enumclaw 1,057 989 2 Hunts Point 1 0 c ti u, i, Maple Valley Medina 1,720 19 1,570 0 Milton 50 900 Normandy Park 153 35 North Bend 1,748 2,218 Pacific 135 75 Sammamish * * Skykomish 10 0 Snoqualmie 1,500 4,425 Yarrow Point 10 0 Cties and Towns Subtotal 15,483 17,163 Auburn FAA 12 0 Bellevue FAA 17 0 , fa Black Diamond FAA 328 0 8 Issaquah FAA 35 0 0 Kent FAA 3 300 Newcastle FAA 1 0 iD Pacific FAA 134 0 -2 Redmond FAA 120 0 Sammamish FAA 194 0 Unaffiliated Urban Unincorporated 448 400 Urban Unincorporated Subtotal 1,292 700 Urban Growth Area Total 306,577 I 490,103 * Growth Management Planning Council (GMPC) Motion 21-4 established a process to revise the 2019-2044 growth targets for the City of Sammamish to reflect updated sewer capacity. Sammamish shall submit final growth targets to the GMPC by June 1, 2021 for action by the GMPC and recommendation to the King County Council, Page 31 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT D. Facility Inventory Maps and Tables [THESE MAPS and FACILITY TOTALS WILL BE UPDATED IN THE FINAL PLAN] Government Building/Facilities/Land King N County 10.5 0.25 0 0.5 Miles i / S 204/ St Park, W_4ong Range Projects12014CompPlanUpdate1GraphicslFlemenlMapslQryFaciliues mxd Lake\ Washington King County Facilities Legend Area Facilities City Hall, Police, Court It City Housing ❑ Metro South Base • City Maintenance Facility • Community Center a� Fire Station Library Transit Center Park and Ride Post Office Schools Tukwila Property Non -Tukwila Parks Dale Saved.- 05/3010131225.22 PM Page 32 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Lake Washington ;Seattle King County Pa 1 Drive °ceche. Ken( Path: W'Long Range Prolects12014 CompPlanUpdatelGraphicslElementMapslParksTratlsandOpenSpace mxd Renton . Parks, Open Space Trails Legend Open Space Parks Trail Owner Other City King County Tukwila Cam Saeai 05130f0r31. 11.40 FI; Page 33 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT This table is being updated Government Buildings and Land Inventory Type Of Facility Property Size - Sq ft Parcel# Capacity/Comments Facility size — sq ft City Hall 117,774 6200 Southcenter BL 3597000282 25,159 City Hall Annex 67,417 6300 Southcenter BL 0003200005 33,230 Tukwila Historic and Cultural Center (Original City Hall ) 50,530 14475 59 AV S 3365901275 2,304 Minkler Shop 484,823 600 Minkler BL 2523049070 7,480; Site includes P- 17 Pond surrounding adjacent King County pump station/parcel. Fleet & Facilities 172125 300623 11210 Tukwila Intl Blvd 1231 East Marginal Way S 0923049152 1023049059 Justice Center 123859 15005 Tukwila International Blvd 0041000480 George Long Shop (currently vacant) 166,439 14000 Interurban AV S 3365900925 3365901015 3365900975 3365901016 Vacant Parks Maintenance Facility 13450 Interurban AV S Located on Golf Course parcel 2,900 Tukwila Community Center 557,568 12424 42 AV S 0179003239 35,260 — Gym, racquet courts, fitness facility, locker rooms, kitchen, meeting rooms, North Hill Reservoir 43,565 15345 57 AV S 1157200193 2 million gallon potable water storage Retired Fire Station No. 1 (With detached garage) 21,042 12026 42 AV S 3347400300 4,608; garage used for Police evidence storage. Fire Stations #51 81,000 444 Andover Park E 223400080 15,519 Fire Station #52 50,530 14475 59 AV S 3365901275 3,300 Fire Station#53 111,064 4202 S 115 ST 3351400825 5,264 Fire Station #54 38,860 4237 S 144 ST 0040000365 5,390 Streets and Surface Water Divisions Storage Facility 138,382 Bounded by BNSF RR, I- 405, Longacres Way, and UP RR. 2423049034 No structure Gilliam Creek Regional Detention Facility 130,644 4250 Southcenter BL 0042000362 0042000355 2223049058 0042000346 Storm water facility 7,596 — 4805-4815 S. 144 Street 0040000509 Cascade Glen Storm water facility 9,653 — 13230 40 Av S 1422600230 Single Family home 6,500 14239 42 AV S 1523049208 990 sq ft. w/3 bed & 1 bath Page 34 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Single family home 204,781 14688 53RD AV S 7661600270 1,800 house; lot contains south end of Macadam Wetland Vacant Land (not designated Open Space) Left over from 5,400 0000200003 TUC zoning district purchase for S 1 180th Street Project Levy and unimproved pedestrian path 30,492 Intersection of Andover Park East and S 180 Street 3523049002, 3523049003 TUC Zoning district Adjacent to W. 9,633 2140 SW 43 ST & W Valley 3623049037 Lease to Clear Valley HY HY Channel; TUC Zoning district Easement to City of 243,35 Bounded by UPRR and 2523049006 Southern portion Renton Strander BL 0 BNSFRR and south of contains wetlands storm water facility Strander BL when and wetland and right of way extended mitigation TUC Zoning District Gilliam Creek 44,874 b/w Tukwila Parkway, 1-405, and the S and T line bridges 0003200022 TUC Zoning district Northbound 1-405 off ramp to 1,742 South side of off -ramp 0005800010 TUC Zoning district Interurban/W. Valley HY NE corner of S 8,500 Northeast corner of 7359600230 Slope easement 130 Street and intersection for TIB & S. 130 TIB - single family lot Street improvement, LDR Zoning district 2 Vacant lots 58,396 Located between Macadam 8733000005; Shallow wide lots, Road and 1-5 7661600212 LDR Zoning district Black 11,808 14299 Beacon Coal Mine 1323049080 Zoned IM (City of River/UPRR Road S. (Should be Renton) Vacant; property Monster Rd.) Could be of use for regional Lake to Sound Trail Path 1 960 S 147 Street ROW B/W 59 Av S. and Interurban Av. S Path 2 534 62 AV S ROW B/W S 149 and 147 Streets Path 3 1,325 65 AV S ROW B/W S 151 ST and Interurban Av. S. Path 4 972 62 AV S ROW B/W S 151 and 153 ST Path 5 338 57 Av. S. B/W S 141 ST and Interurban AV S Path 6 528 52 AV S ROW B/W 55 and 53 AV S Path 7 370 57 AV S ROW B/W S 151 and S 152 Streets Page 35 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Path 8 634 57 AV S and Macadam RD S ROW Concrete stairs and unpaved path B/W S 152 PL to Southcenter BL Path 9 486 S 159 Street B/W 53 Av S. and Klickitat Path 10 562 S 142 Street B/W 53 and 55 AV S Path 11 586 S. 162 Street ROW B/W 48 and 46 Avenue S. Path 12 137 S 163 Place 45 AV S to Crestview Path 13 113 46 Avenue S. ROW B/W S 150 and S 148 Streets Path 14 —200 S 164 Street???? BW 51 AV S and 53 AV S Path 15 222 S 150 Street - Dedicated tract in Junction subdivision Concrete stairs B/W 57 AV S. and end of S 150 ST cul-de sac. Path 12 S 130 Street Concrete stairs B/W TIB and 34 AV S Klickitat Way 1,632 53 Avenue S to 1-5 Bridge Elevated wooden walkway with chainlink fence Neighborhood Connector Total 9,611 linear feet Green River 7.76 Northern City limits to southern city limits Generally — 8-10 feet wide asphalt path with trail amenities such as signs Interurban 5.30 Intersection with Green River Trail on north end, city limits south of S. 180 Street/43 Av. S. on south end. 8-10 feet wide asphalt path. Regional Trail Total 13.06 miles Updated: September 19, 2013 - W:\Long Range Projects\2014 CompPlanUpdate\CFP\Inventories\Park Facility.docx Page 36 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT 593rd5t 95th51 Lake Washington on 5 025 0 0. n 5.1hSL Path 1h"'.Lng Range Prolscts,2014 CompPlanUpdatelGraphleslElementMapslRoadClasses.mxd [THIS MAP WILL BE UPDATED IN THE FINAL PLAN] Transportation Infrastructure Legend Rail Lines — Heavy Rail Spur Tracks Light Rail Tukwila Bridges Other Bridges - Freeway - Principle - Minor Collector Local Date Saved: 05130I20131 17.1 T PM Page 37 of 43 i CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT The Inventory for Transportation facilities will be updated when the Transportation Element is completed Transportation Facility Total Quantity Current Capacity Condition Comments Roadway — arterials 110 lane miles Good Roadway — local access 90 lane miles good Bridges - Motorized — (limited Nonmotorized) 12 Nonmotorized 4 Traffic Signals* 54 Very good 50 Accessible from Traffic operations center Street Lights* 1,792 N/A Low Pressure Sodium and Metal Halide LED 621 in PSE service area; 1,171 in SCL service area Sidewalks* 57 miles (2009 Walk and Roll Plan) Fair Paved shoulders* Good Bike Lanes* 3.93 miles (2008 condition) Add E. Marg Way and S. 112 Page 38 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Tukwila Water System Water Districts Tukwila I Highline Renton Seattle 125 20 Reservoir Pressure Relief Valve O Interne Supply Station Closed Pipeline 0 1 2 MI l i I I J 8/26/24 Page 39 of 43 I CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Tukwila Sewer System Sewer District Tukwila Valley View Renton Seattle None QTreatment Plant O Lift Station Sewer Pipeline Force Main Pipeline Q 1 2 Mi I I I I I 8/26/24 Page 40 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Surface Water Facilities 0 Supply Station ILLIT Trench Drain Culvert/Ditch Pipe ❑ Waterbody Stream a 1 2 MI I I I I I 8/26/24 Page 41 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT Enterprise Funds Inventory Facility Total Quantity Current Capacity Condition Comments Water Water Mains* 190,000 lineal feet 2 inch to 12 inch Reservoir 1 2 million gallons Supply Station 7 Seattle Public Utilities Intertie Stations 4 Renton, Kent, Highline WD, KCWD# 125 Fire Hydrants* 300 Residential Service Meters* 1040 X inch Commercial Service Meters* 660 X inch Sanitary Sewer City Connections to King County 1,201,780 gallons per day (1998) Lift Stations 12 Sewer lines 8 inches and smaller* 36 miles Gravity and force Sewer Lines 10-12 inches* Sewer Lines 14- 36 inches* Surface Water Pipes* 50,000 linear feet Type 1 Catch Basin and manhole* Type 2 Catch Basin and manhole* Outfalls* Detention/Water Quality Facility 19 Tukwila Pump Station 7 King County Pump Stations 2 *Indicates that the facility is not on Inventory Map. Page 42 of 43 CAPITAL FACILITIES ELEMENT BACKGROUND REPORT 99 lReisbeck S rector -- Aviation iJ �ii High Schocll� Seattle ool Dist ict ;Seattle Hilltop Elementary Burien — i } 1 111 5128•t • lc Ms Cascade View k�`� Elementary, t'1 I 4Tukwila Schoo P•t4 . fatiTia'�rol D : riot Foster High hoof I s Showalter t i-.le School Thcrndyke l `` Elementary I� p` °• Tukwila ementary N ui Rainier View t' Elementary it King County McMicken 51645 Heights Elementary Chinook Middle Schoo i0.5 0.25 0 0.5 Miles 2o4S Path: W:4ong Range Projects12014 CompPlanUpdatetGraphicseElementMapslSchoolDistncts.rrsd Valley View Elementary Tyee High School Renton Renton Schooll District Kent Kent School District School Districts Legend School Districts Highline L Kent Renton Seattle Tukwila Schools Date Saved- 05/30/201312827 PM Page 43 of 43 ATTACHMENT E DRAFT Tukwila Comprehensive Plan Implementation Strategies Digital Records System Planning Website Link To Strategies September 23, 2024 APPENDIX E Implementation Strategies for Comprehensive Plan Implementation Strategies Implementation strategies detail how policies in the comprehensive plan will be realized through efforts of the staff, City Council, and regional partners. Strategies vary in required level of effort s from continuing existing programs and procedures, to establishing new programs and meeting new requirements. Similarly, timelines for executing the listed strategies will vary based on available resources, prioritization, and requirement timelines as detailed below. Strategies are assigned internally and may be the responsibility of individual departments or multiple departments, or even require coordination with outside entities, and the Tukwila community. Timeline reference (2024-2044 Planning Period) Short -Term: 2024-2029 Medium -Term: 2029-2034 Long -Term: 2035-2044 Ongoing: Present -End of Planning Period Implementation strategy numbers correspond to the policy number or numbers for the associated plan element, i.e., Community Character Implementation Strategy 4.1.1 "Seek Certified Local Government status to secure funding and technical assistance for historic preservation." corresponds to Community Character Policy 4.1 "Identify, protect, and designate historically significant properties, structures and sites." Some implementation strategies may address multiple policies, while some policies may be associated with multiple implementation strategies. Below are the implementation strategies for each element. COMMUNITY CHARACTER 3.2.1 Increase awareness of the community's heritage by promoting cultural preservation programs and/or educational activities. 4.1.1 Seek Certified Local Government status to secure funding and technical assistance for historic preservation. 4.1.2 Promote partnerships between the City and community cultural heritage groups, such as the Tukwila Historical Society. 4.1.3 Guide community historic preservation interests seeking to designate local sites of historic value. 4.2.1 Form City staff committee that meets semi-annually and identifies opportunities and mechanisms (funding options) to implement policy 4.2.2 Increase awareness of the community's heritage by promoting cultural preservation programs and/or educational activities. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 1 of 26 4.3.1 Develop incentives, such as fee waivers or code flexibility, to encourage preservation of historic resources, including those that are currently known and those that have yet to be identified. 4.5.1 Develop public art and markers that incorporate local historical references, events, and individuals. 4.5.2 Promote partnerships between the City and community cultural heritage groups, such as the Tukwila Historical Society. 4.5.3 Recognize Tukwila's heritage by naming or renaming parks, streets, or other public places with their original names or after major figures and events. 4.5.4 Develop materials and processes that could help developers learn about design characteristics of Tukwila's history and cultural diversity and how those elements could be reflected in commercial, public, and multiple -family buildings. 5.2.1 Coordinate with the Tukwila community to identify how the City can support advertising of community events of interest — whether through outreach by Economic Development, Communications, Parks, or onsite promotion 5.4.1 Expand the linguistic and cultural competencies of the City Council, staff, commissions and other City representative groups through recruitment, training, and hiring. 5.6.1 Continue and enhance the relationship with the school districts serving Tukwila through classroom visits, partnerships, internships, and scholarship programs. 7.1.1 Research issues related to food trucks and develop regulations as appropriate. 8.6.1 Develop internal City procedures and practices that publicly account for how City plans, policies, and activities support equity principles for Tukwila residents and visitors, LAND USE 1.1.1 Continue to maintain consistency with countywide and regional planning policies and targets. 1.4.1 Continue to review jobs and housing achieved growth, impediments to development and explore potential code amendments to help achieve growth targets. 2.1.1 Consider transit -oriented development (TOD) and general density considerations in planning decisions. 3.1.1 Refer to comprehensive plan criteria in consideration of changes to zoning designations or modification of desired use allowances. 4.1.1 Apply overlays where appropriate to modify underlying development standards. 5.1.1 Coordinate with King County and ensure consideration of policy criteria in consideration of annexations. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 2 of 26 6.1.1 Coordinate with relevant entities and ensure consideration of policy criteria in discussions and siting of essential public facilities. 7.1.1 Broaden allowances for small grocery stores, and other alternative food sales and production locations. 7.3.1 Analyze how public investment can be focused to mitigate further harm to areas with greater concentrations of historically marginalized communities, and produce restorative actions through greater housing affordability, opportunity for daily physical activity and employment opportunities. 7.5.1 Continue to monitor naturally occurring affordable housing (NOAH) and coordinate with property owners and managers. 7.7.1 Consider potential impacts from environmental pollutants in planning actions related to residential development. 7.8.1 Coordinate capital improvement program (CIP) projects to address existing deficiencies. 8.1.1 Actively coordinate with relevant entities to mitigate noise and other environment impacts to the extent possible and consider additional regulations to mitigate impacts where appropriate. 9.1.1 Update zoning, and other development regulations in the area of the station location to support future transit -oriented development (TOD). 9.2.1 Update capital improvement plan to emphasize non -motorized and public transportation connections from the station. 9.3.1 Collaborate with relevant agencies to support additional community access to non - motorized and public transportation options. 10.1.1 Update the Development Agreement to revisit and realign vision and priorities for the Tukwila South subarea. 11.4.1 Adopt new residential, mixed use and commercial design standards to set clear expectations, and encourage, new development. 11.6.1 Loosen density, parking requirements and use allowances permitted along Tukwila International Boulevard. 11.8.1 Explore branding and promotion opportunities to continue to build a unique identity for the TIB district. 11.9.1 Collaborate with other jurisdictions, and key entities on opportunities to support broader development. 12.1.1 Identify unsafe areas for pedestrians and cyclists along TIB, and integrate traffic calming, frontage improvements or other safety improvements in the capital improvement program. 12.3.1 Update development standards to incentivize desired site layouts and building form in development and redevelopment. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 3 of 26 14.1.1 Identify key areas for street network improvements and update standards to build out additional connections as development occurs and funding becomes available. 14.2.1 Explore pilot opportunities with surrounding cities to support TIB, Southcenter, and SeaTac International Airport or other key points of interest and support last mile connections. 14.4.1 Identify and address issues in maintenance of transportation facilities. 15.2.1 Identify opportunities in collaboration with the community to increase city -sponsored events, programming and engagement. 16.1.1 Explore additional funding opportunities to support property maintenance and redevelopment. 17.1.1 Continue to collaborate between City Staff, community members, businesses and agencies to improve safety. 17.3.1 Identify unsafe areas for pedestrians and cyclists along TIB, and integrate traffic calming, frontage improvements or other safety improvements in the capital improvement program. 18.5.1 Update development standards to incentivize desired site layouts and building form in development and redevelopment. 18.7.1 Provide education to potential developers on the benefits of coordinated stormwater treatment. 18.8.1 Reduce parking requirements and other regulations restricting job growth near TIB. REGIONAL CENTERS Southcenter Tukwila Urban Center 1.1.1 Work with Southcenter stakeholders to develop a Public Amenities Plan. 1.1.2 Develop standards and incentives for providing a variety of different types of open spaces (e.g., plazas, parks, public and private) that attract further residential development and balances out the increasingly dense environment 1.2.1 Coordinate with transit providers to optimize transit service and station improvements. 1.2.2 Seek opportunities for public/private partnerships. 1.4.1 Update development standards to align with market forces. 2.1.1 Seek opportunities for public/private partnerships. 2.1.2 Look for opportunities for pocket park development 2.1.3 Promote the use of shade trees. 2.1.4 During review of proposed public and private projects: § Promote use of indigenous plants. § Promote use of water -saving plants. 2.1.5 Implement the Master Plan and water quality improvement program for Tukwila Pond Park September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 4 of 26 2.1.6 Coordinate with Tukwila's Parks and Recreation Department to ensure that the Southcenter area's parks and open space concepts are integrated into the Parks Plan. 2.2.1 Coordinate with the City Public Works Department to create a Street Network Plan that establishes a finer -grained system of public and private streets and pedestrian corridors for the Southcenter area and requires development to share in the cost of providing them. 2.2.2 Identify and employ mechanisms and incentives by which a finer grid system and public frontage improvements can be implemented by the Street Network Plan 2.2.3 Coordinate with the Public Works Department to prepare an access management plan for the Southcenter area that requires the consolidation of driveways and access points, wherever possible 2.2.4 Update the Street Tree Plan for the Southcenter area (CBD). 2.2.5 Continue working with Sound Transit, the City of Renton, and the Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Railroads to fund and complete the Strander Boulevard connection between the Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak Station and the Tukwila Urban Center, including the pedestrian only underpass beneath the Union Pacific lines. Coordinate with land use planning efforts to ensure that improvements in the transportation and circulation system are parallel with projected growth in the Tukwila Urban Center. 2.2.6 Coordinate with land use planning efforts to ensure that improvements in the transportation and circulation system are parallel with projected growth in the Tukwila Urban Center 2.2.7 Develop a Southcenter Streetscape Improvement Plan with distinct identities for major streets, and strategies for pedestrian -oriented improvements and linkages such as new pathways, arcades, awnings, sidewalk eating areas, and special displays. 2.5.1 Over the short to midterm, focus public and private investments and regulations on properties fronting Baker Boulevard between the Mall and the Sounder station 2.8.1 Conduct a public parking structure feasibility study, including siting, potential funding sources and mechanisms. 2.8.2 Investigate alternative parking strategies such as shared parking, etc. 2.8.3 Look for opportunities for on -street parking in areas planned for higher pedestrian activity, particularly in the TOD District. 2.8.4 Revisit standards and guidelines for parking design and layout to support the type of development envisioned in each of Southcenter's districts. 2.8.5 Continue Commute Trip Reduction Programs and other Transportation Demand Management Programs. Incorporate the Growth Transportation Efficiency Center (GTEC) into transportation and land use planning in Southcenter. 2.9.1 Review and update design guidelines for Southcenter. 2.10.1 Identify appropriate design guidelines and locations for directional signage for shopping, access to amenities, and leisure activities, in order to alleviate congestion in key corridors and intersections 2.11.1 Establish a lead redevelopment entity on the public side to coordinate implementation of an urban center redevelopment strategy and provide it with people, resources, and tools to succeed. 2.11.2 Rebrand urban center districts to take advantage of assets, location, and character, and reinforce land use concepts so that the image of Tukwila is refreshed. 2.11.3 Improve infrastructure through the Capital Improvement Plan that reflects Southcenter policies. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 5 of 26 2.11.4 Create a public sector redevelopment tool kit that offers developers assistance in achieving the community's goals for the Southcenter area. 2.11.5 Prepare and implement a redevelopment strategy. 2.11.6 Identify projects necessary to catalyze economic development and give them high priority for funding when considering public investment in the Urban Center. Manufacturing/Industrial Center 1.1.1 Create and support an Economic Development Advisory Board empowered to provide economic data and other appropriate assistance 1.1.2 Provide City permit process assistance and advice consistent with MIC policies 1.2.1 Provide technical assistance in bringing contaminated property into productive use in ways that minimize remediation costs while protecting the water quality of the Duwamish River 1.2.2 Support development of a regional approach to remediation issues that cross jurisdictional boundaries 1.3.1 Initiate a programmatic environmental impact statement for MIC development, based on relevant information from existing EISs 1.3.2 Develop a method for preparing and approving master plans for developing or redeveloping sites in the MIC, geared to the size and type of development 1.3.3 Coordinate simultaneous action by the City on building permit application, State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) review, and other required approvals on proposed projects 1.3.4 Develop an outreach program (in all parts of the City) that provides meaningful opportunities for citizen input into the permit review process 1.3.5 Continue to improve the permit review process already in place in the City to ensure successful outcomes 1.4.1 Review this at next Shoreline Master Program update cycle 1.9.1 Duwamish corridor river access guidelines consistent with the Tukwila Parks and Open Space Plan, other City access plans, and city-wide river access guidelines 1.10.1 Work to have a multimodal transportation center 1.10.2 Provide continued support of agencies developing other programs to reduce dependence on the single -occupancy vehicle 1.10.3 Work with regional transit agencies to support new east -west transit routes serving the MIC and other areas in Tukwila 1.10.4 Support alternative commercial routes in and out of the MIC 1.10.5 Continue to work with regional agencies to pursue light rail and commuter rail stops in the vicinity of Boeing Access Road 1.11.1 Coordinate with the City of Seattle to initiate a trade of territory that would enable 16th Avenue South to become the City boundary between East Marginal Way and the river 1.11.2 Eliminate undesirable boundary line irregularities, such as the splitting of Associated Grocers and King County International Airport property September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 6 of 26 1.12.1 Seek opportunities to work with appropriate governments to: • Investigate tax increment financing options; • Increase electrical energy capacity; • Improve soil remediation regulations; ■ Identify the most equitable and cost-effective approach to surface water drainage in the Duwamish Basin • Continue improvement in water quality and wildlife habitat; and ■ Increase predictability of permit conditions and reduce permit processing time HOUSING 1.2.1 1.3.1 1.4.1 1.5.1 2.(1-3).1 2.(4-5).1 2.6.1 2.7.1 2.8.1 2.9.1 Update middle housing allowances to comply with state law and increase residential density allowances to support denser development in multifamily and mixed -use areas, and transit -oriented development near major transit stops. Work with stakeholders to continue to identify and reduce regulatory barriers to housing production through code amendments. Regularly review residential development trends to calibrate development standards with City Goals for housing production through code amendments. Increase density allowances near major transit stops through code amendments. Review market studies, and impediments to recent, and proposed development when proposing code amendments to support desired residential development. Amend residential development standards to incentivize a broader diversity of housing types by updating middle housing and co -living allowances, increasing incentives for affordable housing, reducing regulations that increase housing development cost and updating impact fees to reflect unit size, bedrooms and overall impact for smaller units. Review and amend regulations and fees for emergency shelters, transitional housing, emergency housing, and permanent supportive housing (STEP Housing) through code amendments and to ensure capacity and feasibility of STEP Housing development. Update middle housing allowances to comply with state law through code amendment. Collaborate between DCD, Human Services and South King Housing and Homelessness Partnership (SKHHP) staff and property owners and managers of affordable residences to share resources and information. Collaborate between City Staff, SKHHP and other community groups to disseminate affordable housing opportunities with new income restricted housing development. Explore opportunities to provide educational resources on designing for climate change to developers building in Tukwila. 3.1.1 Support and encourage legislation and resource allocation at the County, State and federal level that promotes affordable housing goals. 3.2.1 Consider expansion of multifamily tax exemption (MFTE), or other tax exemptions to encourage housing development, through code amendment. 3.3.1 Regularly review residential development trends by income band to calibrate development standards with City Goals for housing development at lower income levels through code amendments. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 7 of 26 3.4.1 Continue to collaborate with SKHHP, and fund their housing capital fund, while collaborating with developers on potential subsidized affordable developments for Tukwila. 4.1.1 Review state and regional guidance and implement zoning amendments through code amendments to address areas such as large minimum lot sizes and exclusionary zoning. 4.2.1 Explore opportunities to support the development of additional income -restricted housing, or transition of naturally occurring affordable housing (NOAH) into income - restricted housing, including but not limited to density bonuses for affordable housing, expansion of 12-year MFTE availability, fee reductions and other standard flexibility for preservation of existing NOAH units and infill redevelopment. 4.3.1 Review mapping of areas with greatest risk of displacement and staff knowledge when considering zoning or other City actions with significant potential to impact displacement and consider attempting to offset the action through mitigating measures, phasing actions with other affordable housing development or reconsidering actions altogether. 4.4.1 Coordinate between City Staff and SKHHP to connect agencies purchasing and managing affordable housing with interested Tukwila property owners. 4.5.1 Continue to fund and administer the Residential Rental Licensing and Inspection Program and integrate knowledge gained through the program into City actions where appropriate. 4.6.1 Continue to fund and administer the minor home repair program. 4.7.1 Continue to engage historically underserved populations with greater risk of displacement through both informal means of outreach, as well as representation on citizen boards and commissions. 4.8.1 Continue to seek partnerships with organizations developing affordable homeownership project, while amending residential development standards to expand viability of ownership housing types at lower price points through code amendments and partnering with organizations such as the Black Home Initiative to direct homeownership covenant funds and other resources toward ownership opportunities in Tukwila. 4.9.1 Explore adoption of renter protections with City Council to provide additional housing stability for Tukwila Renters. 5.1.1 Update middle housing and accessory dwelling unit allowances to comply with state law and explore further incentives for larger sized apartments. 5.2.1 Regularly review residential development trends to calibrate development standards with City Goals for production of additional homeownership products at relatively affordable price points through code amendments. 5.3.1 Produce and distribute educational materials to encourage universal design in new private development and integrate universal design principles into public works standards and City initiated development. 5.4.1 Coordinate City programming and promotion related to rental assistance, job training and advocacy with transit organizations in an effort to provide housing access, while supporting construction of new housing affordable to lower income levels. 5.5.1 Coordinate with existing community -based organizations and community -based organizations through boards, commissions and programmatic outreach. 5.6.1 Explore code amendments to encourage front porches, reduced setbacks and other features to facilitate social interaction. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 8 of 26 5.7.1 Update co -living allowances to comply with state law through code amendment and explore allowed. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1.1.1 Actively assist businesses that confer strong net financial benefit to Tukwila's municipal revenue streams. 1.1.2 Continue and grow the Experience Tukwila program to proactively market shopping, dining, and entertainment options available in Tukwila through targeted social media posts and individual business highlights in appropriate forums. 1.2.1 In the course of outreach to local businesses, assess the degree to which adopting zoning (and related standards) support business operations and streamline requirements that provide little benefit. 1.2.2 Promote Tukwila to the priority business subsectors by building relationships with key firms and understanding their land, facility, infrastructure, and workforce needs. 1.4.1 Continue supporting Explore Seattle Southside to market activities and amenities that actively promote Tukwila to business travelers and tourists and leverage Tukwila's location to SeaTac airport to attract overnight stays and layover breaks. 1.4.2 Support events, activities, pop -ups, and temporary markets that activate public spaces and underutilized parking lots and contribute buzz and energy to surrounding commercial districts. 1.4.3 Promote the Tukwila International Boulevard neighborhood as an authentic, international district welcoming to visitors. 1.6.1 Create a robust and sustainable business contacts database for the City and utilize to track, schedule, and monitor engagement and "touches" with Tukwila businesses and entrepreneurs. 1.10.1 Protect and monitor development in the Southcenter District and MIC and adjust zoning and infrastructure as needed to accommodate and attract development and employment. 1.11.1 Work with the landowner to review and adjust, as necessary, the Tukwila South development agreement to ensure the vision for this important future employment center is realized. 1.11.2 Consider incentives and other tools such as the multi -family property tax exemption (MFTE), tax increment financing (TIE) to incentivize private investment and new development that is compatible with the city's vision. 1.12.1 Protect industrially zoned areas by maintaining industrial zoning and infrastructure. Consider allowing the uses within a structure to change and not trigger building code upgrades if the uses are industrial. 1.13.1 Inventory all major developable or redevelopable sites in Tukwila, gathering information on ownership, zoning, and known development constraints. 1.13.2 Prepare criteria for the development of publicly owned sites that may be available for future disposition. 1.14.1 Conduct a business outreach program that can act as an effective feedback loop for city policies, programs, and regulations and can address needs, challenges, and opportunities for individual businesses and sectors alike. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 9 of 26 1.14.2 Facilitate and participate in networking opportunities between the City and local and regional businesses. 1.16.1 Seek opportunities to improve the experience in the Southcenter District, such as improving the public experience of Tukwila Pond Park; improving Baker Boulevard as a festival street; creating better pedestrian experiences; and connecting Westfield Southcenter to the commuter train station. 1.16.2 Seek opportunities to improve the Tukwila International Boulevard neighborhood by creating a walkable, pedestrian friendly experience along the Boulevard, incentivizing development on the Boulevard, leveraging the sale of City property for catalyst development, and fostering the international experience for visitors. 1.16.3 Continue to partner with the King County Flood Control District, US Army Corps of Engineers, and private property owners to monitor, maintain, and improve Tukwila's levee systems and banks on the Green and Duwamish Rivers to ensure sustainable flood protection, environmental restoration, and improved habitat. 2.2.1 Communicate positive crime statistics across multiple channels, including formally and informally via City contacts with partners and communities. 2.2.2 Support Tukwila Police Department in their recruiting and crime reduction public engagement efforts such as National Night Out. 2.2.3 Continue to expand engagement between Police and the community to build stronger relationships and trust. 2.2.4 Advocate strongly for fiscal sustainability policies that add budget capacity for public safety including hiring, programming, reporting, and equity training. 2.2.5 Invite key property owners and businesses to collaborate on public safety measures such as private security, information sharing, and property management practices. 2.2.6 Consider creating a business improvement area in the Southcenter District to assist with additional public safety initiatives. 2.3.1 Continue community art program and seek to scale up public and private art installations, such murals and utility box wraps. 2.3.2 Seek opportunities to leverage enjoyment of the Green River Trail and the river itself for economic development. 2.3.3 Seek opportunities to improve Tukwila Pond for public enjoyment. 2.3.4 Support and attract businesses that provide fun and positive experiences and build on synergy with existing businesses. 2.3.5 Consider and explore the feasibility of adding new and additional streetlights throughout the city. 2.4.1 Continue and expand the Experience Tukwila social media and sponsorships program. 2.4.2 Continue and expand Tukwila's family friendly activities hosted by the City, partners, and outside organizations. 2.4.3 Celebrate the diversity of Tukwila's business community to draw new market share regionally to experience the unique offerings in street food, and niche and experiential retail and events. 2.4.4 Continue and strengthen relationships with Tukwila -based organizations with positive public relations reputations such as the OL Reign, Seawolves, and Starfire. 3.4.1 Dedicate staff time to participate in workforce development and network with workforce partners. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 10 of 26 3.4.2 Vocally advocate for and promote Tukwila's specific needs to workforce development organizations. 3.4.3 Create and maintain an online directory of organizations and services in Tukwila providing workforce development, language training, internship and apprenticeship opportunities, and employment assistance. 3.4.4 Promote workforce development opportunities, including training, workshops, education, and resources, directly to Tukwila residents. 3.5.1 Explore organizing an event series to connect high school counselors and teachers to local industry representatives in high -growth and / or target sectors, such as biotech, media arts, and others. 3.5.2 Identify opportunities to leverage the success of the Tukwila School District's Career & Technical Education (CTE) programs by connecting their efforts to expand student recruitment and program offerings to local business needs. Serve as a conduit between local employers and CTE programs. 3.5.3 Connect with local employers' human resources staff to understand their needs and connect them with workforce development organizations. 4.2.1 Augmenting signage regulations to allow greater flexibility of expression, branding, and identity in business signage. 4.2.2 Encourage the founding and development of home -based, virtual, mobile, and / or pop- up businesses that don't require brick -and -mortar locations with incentives and / or other City support. 4.3.1 Continue and expand support for technical assistance consulting services to guide small businesses on matters ranging from taxes, business loans, permitting, lease negotiation, and hiring. 4.3.2 Seek out and promote resources around no -interest funding models for small businesses. 4.3.3 Translate key small business materials into languages present in the Tukwila community and stress -test translations with community partners. 4.3.4 Support small businesses to create social media and other online digital presence. 4.3.5 Consider creating an incubator space for small businesses that are supported by private sector venture capital. 4.4.1 Develop a communication strategy to emphasize the city's accessibility to its business community. 4.4.2 Identify and track metrics related to permitting and entitlements timelines and work toward continuous improvement. 4.4.3 Provide guidance for how City departments embrace a business -friendly culture while also maintaining a resident friendly culture. 5.2.1 Educate and connect minority and immigrant -owned businesses on the availability of grant and low- to no -interest loan programs at local, state, and federal levels. 5.2.1 Evaluate Tukwila's business license fee, business and occupations tax, development impact fees and consider other revenue sources such as a transportation benefit district to determine if the taxes and fees can be simplified and improved. 5.2.3 Engage with the Equity and Social Justice Commission, social organizations, and faith organizations to build relationships and understand economic gaps and resource constraints among the minority and immigrant owned business community in Tukwila. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 11 of 26 5.3.1 Survey minority and immigrant -owned small businesses to identify which culturally relevant business services the City should provide to small business owners in Tukwila. 5.3.2 Identify resources and support to continue to cultivate ethnic shopping districts, including cuisine, and pursue recognition as a world -class street food destination. 5.4.1 Celebrate Tukwila's diversity by promoting small and diverse businesses. 5.4.2 Highlight & promote a rotating roster of individual minority and immigrant -owned small businesses in Tukwila's existing social media communications. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 1&2.a11.1 1&2.a11.2 1&2.a11.5 Support and maintain the City's Green Tukwila 20-year Stewardship Plan, which addresses the restoration and protection of City -owned parks and green spaces to protect urban tree canopy and native landscapes. Update and expand the City's website to post information on environmental stewardship, green building techniques and standards, recycling and re -use of construction waste, low -impact development (LID) techniques, and other related topics. Distribute information to applicants and contractors during permit reviews. Incorporate green construction and low -impact development techniques into City construction or retrofit projects as a tool for educating Tukwila residents, businesses and developers about their benefits. Partner with environmental organizations — such as Forterra, Earth Corps, National Wildlife Federation and the Washington Native Plant Society — to train environmental stewards, help recruit and manage volunteers and carry out environmental restoration projects. Seek grants and donations to fund publications, volunteer environmental restoration projects, and citizen environmental stewardship training. 4.1-6.2 Seek opportunities to enhance the insect and bird communities that support the City's green infrastructure (e.g., education on how to plant bee -friendly vegetation or provide building design information to developers to deter bird -strikes on windows). 5.a11.1 Define and map springs, channel migration zones (CMZs), and riparian management zones (RMZs) on the environmentally critical areas map using available information and update the maps as new information is submitted in required critical area studies. 5.a11.2 Periodically offer workshops or classes for property owners to provide guidance for environmentally critical areas stewardship, regulations, stream bank enhancement, and other related topics. 5.a11.3 Improve tracking and monitoring of environmentally critical areas regulations and develop other mechanisms to improve compliance with maintenance requirements. 5.a11.4 Continue implementation of the Surface Water Management Plan, the Shoreline Master Program (SMP) Habitat Restoration Program, the Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9 Salmon Habitat Plan, WRIA 9 — Duwamish-Green Watershed Restoration and Enhancement Plan, and other regional watershed restoration/basin plans to remove September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 12 of 26 identified fish barriers during surface water and street maintenance and upgrade projects, where possible. 5.a11.5 Develop guidelines and provide training to surface water, parks and street maintenance staff in best management practices (BMPs) for work in or near environmentally critical areas. This could include consideration of outdoor light standards as supported by DarkSky International (https://darksky.org/) 6-all.1 Continue implementation of the Environmentally Critical Areas Regulations and improve tracking and monitoring and develop other mechanisms to improve compliance with maintenance requirements. 6-all.4 Publish articles on environmentally critical areas stewardship in the Hazelnut or on social media 6-all.5 Offer assistance to property owners interested in providing mitigation sites, where appropriate. 6-all.6 Evaluate establishing an in -lieu fee wetland mitigation program in the City, and present recommendations to decision -makers. 6-all.8 Continue to coordinate with the Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Tribes regarding projects that impact fish and the design of watercourse restoration projects. 7.1.1 Implement water quality testing, as required under the City's new National Pollutant Discharge System permit and develop action plans for identifying and eliminating sources of pollution when problems are identified. 7.1.2 Set up internal procedures for evaluating development projects to ensure no adverse impacts to wetland or stream hydrology and no net loss of ecological function. 7.1.3 Provide training resources and written educational information on low -impact development (LID) techniques, their benefits, and methods for implementation to developers, contractors, and other interested parties. City staff and City officials. 7.1.4 Actively seek out grants and other funding opportunities to implement new or upgrade existing surface water systems, protect existing water sources from sources of pollution and create action plans for the City's water resources that have the potential to be impacted by climate change. 7.1.5 Work with local climate professionals to gather information and develop reports on how the City of Tukwila will be directly impacted by climate change. 8.3.1 Review the Washington State Department of Transportation and National Marine Fisheries program for Regional Road Maintenance Program (RRMP) to adopt applicable best management practices and ensure that Tukwila Public Works is engaging in practices that improve roadway safety, maintain the City's roads, and follow the Endangered Species Act. 9.a11.1 Modify requirements for geotechnical evaluations under the Environmentally Critical Areas Regulations to expand the assessment of trees' function in slope stability. 9.a11.2 Ensure that erosion and pollution control plans are adequate, and that control measures are implemented through inspections conducted as part of development or redevelopment permits and NPDES permit conditions. 9.a11.3 Update the City's GIS system to reflect data submitted in permits including geotechnical studies. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 13 of 26 9.a11.4 Require the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs), erosion control measures and, where warranted, written erosion and sediment control plans, to minimize erosion during and after construction activities on steep slopes or other erosion -prone areas. 9.a11.5 Require setbacks and the use of native plant buffers for buildings and other infrastructure where needed, from the top and/ or toe of steep slopes, to reduce risks of slope failure and risks to public safety. 10-a11.1 10-a l l.2 11&12.a11.1 11&12.a11.2 11&12.a11.3 11&12.a11.4 11&12.a11.5 11&12.a11.6 11&12.a11.7 11&12.a11.8 11&12.a11.9 11&12.a11.13 11&12.a11.14 Conduct outreach with potential partners (non-profit, business, and community groups) and develop hands-on training to support stewardship, restoration, and clean-up effort. Pursue grant and partner support for youth and adult green job training programs Set a periodic schedule and budget for tree inventory updates. Utilize GIS and other mapping tools to track urban forest health and canopy cover throughout the City. Develop and implement maintenance plans and programs for trees on City property as a resource for management of streetscapes and open spaces. Include climate change resiliency strategies in the City's plans/programs, such as retention of wildlife corridors and mitigating urban heat island effects on a local scale. Prepare and publish technical specifications for landscape professionals and landscape contractors reflecting best management practices/standards for achieving adequate soil conditions, plant quality specifications, proper planting techniques, proper mulch placement, tree care and pruning, and other relevant information. Prepare and make available technical guidance for homeowners on tree selection, planting, care, pruning, selecting a good arborist, and identifying and controlling invasive plants. Conduct volunteer activities in parks and other public areas to help carry out urban forest restoration plans, to remove invasive plants and plant native trees and other vegetation. Create "Adopt an Urban Forest,""Ivy Removal Team," or similar programs, to actively remove invasive plants and promote ongoing stewardship of urban forests in the City's parks and other public areas. Add an urban forestry page to the City's website that contains information about programs, regulations, technical guidance, finding a certified arborist, and other relevant issues. Expand the annual Arbor Day celebration to widen public participation; Evaluate other jurisdiction's heritage tree programs and reach out to business and resident community to determine interest in a heritage tree program in Tukwila. Develop mechanisms for monitoring tree canopy growth, removal and replacement — in addition to periodic tree canopy assessments — using GIS and remote sensing methods; Review and amend, as necessary, Critical Area and Shoreline regulations to ensure consideration of tree retention, particularly in steep slope areas. Incorporate requirements in geotechnical studies to ensure evaluation of the role trees play in slope stability. Develop incentives for increasing retention of trees on steep slopes. Provide ongoing training for City staff from all departments on tree selection, site preparation, proper planting techniques, protection of tree roots during construction activities, proper pruning, and general tree care. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 14 of 26 11&12.a11.15 Prepare and publish technical specifications manuals for utility companies and City staff to identify techniques to protect tree roots during installation of public and private surface and underground infrastructure. 11&12.a11.16 Revise City regulations to allow assessment of fines or requirement of financial guarantees in the enforcement of corrective actions. 11&12.a11.17 Prepare an urban forest inventory for publicly owned trees in the City. 11&12.a11.18 Notify property owners about applicable tree regulations via inclusion of fliers in storm water utility bill, direct mailings, and media announcements. 11&12.a11.19 Improve the frequency of landscape and tree replacement inspections and increase enforcement. 11&12.a11.20 Develop street tree plans for various parts of the City, taking into account the need for diversity for tree health and urban design issues. 11&12.a11.21 Modify landscape, tree and right-of-way vegetation regulations, including consideration of a point system for landscape requirements, clarification of responsibilities for trees on City ROW, identifying incentive programs, and allowing for fines based on the value of trees damaged or removed. 13.2.1 Partner with utilities to promote energy efficiency programs and initiatives. 13.9.1 Support EV charging infrastructure throughout the community in order to support the decarbonization of our transportation sector. 13.9.2 In anticipation of the City of Tukwila needing to complete a Climate Change Element for its Comprehensive Plan by 2029, begin examination of the data needs, stakeholder involvement, and potential actions that will be necessary for that planning exercise. 13.9.3 Create a hierarchy of priorities for all rights -of -way and new private streets that emphasize pedestrian and emergency access and safety first, followed by bicycles, transit, and carpool, with single -occupant vehicles prioritized last. SHORELINE 2.1-3.1 2.1-3.2 2.1-3.3 3.1-7.1 3.1-7.2 3.1-7.3 4.1-2.1 4.1-2.2 4.1-2.3 4.3-5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2.1 WRIA 9 Salmon Habitat Plan Tukwila SMP Restoration Plan King County Flood Hazard Management Plan Shoreline Design Guidelines Development standards Tukwila Urban Center Plan River design guidelines River access guidelines Shoreline development standards Shoreline design guidelines River design guidelines n Shoreline development standards n Tukwila Urban Center Plan Shoreline development standards Tukwila Urban Center Plan Shoreline design guidelines September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 15 of 26 5.2.2 Shoreline development standards 6.1-3.1 Shoreline design guidelines 6.1-3.2 Shoreline public access guidelines 6.1-3.3 Shoreline development standards 6.1-3.4 Walk and Roll Plan 6.1-3.5 Parks and Open Space Plan 6.7.1 King County Green River Trail Master Plan 6.7.2 Shoreline public access standards 6.7.3 Walk and Roll Plan 6.7.4 Parks and Open Space Plan 6.8.1 Shoreline access guidelines 6.8.2 King County Green River Trail Master Plan 6.8.3 Walk and Roll Plan 6.8.4 Parks and Open Space Plan 6.9.1 Shoreline design guidelines 6.10-14.1 6.10-14.2 6.10-14.3 6.10-14.4 10.1-4.1 10.1-4.2 10.1-4.3 10.1-4.4 Shoreline design guidelines Shoreline access guidelines Walk and Roll Plan Parks and Open Space Plan Where possible, increase levee setback n Shoreline access guidelines n Surface Water Management Plan n WRIA 9 Plan water quality policies Shoreline access guidelines Surface Water Management Plan WRIA 9 Plan water quality policies PARKS, RECREATION, AND OPEN SPACE 1.1.1 Replace numerical park land level -of -service standard with an overall park land service area distance. 1.10.1 Pursue trail easements in areas with natural amenities, and incorporate them into a City- wide trail system 1.10.2 Seek trail easements from willing private property owners where no public right-of-way is available for a link in the network, 1.10.3 Consider the street sidewalk system as a link in the connecting network, when necessary 1.13.1 Update the Public Recreation Overlay Comprehensive Plan designation to reflect the goals of this Element and of the Concept Map. 2.0.1 Develop a comprehensive vision for recreation along the Green/Duwamish River Corridor. 2.0.2 Update tree protection and clearing regulations that achieve open space network and natural environment goals and policies. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 16 of 26 2.0.3 Support an urban forestry program to implement policies in the Natural Environment element of the Comprehensive Plan. 2.0.4 Conduct and maintain a city-wide tree inventory and identify ways to improve and increase the urban tree canopy. 2.0.5 Maximize external funding opportunities and seek matching funds from other sources, for the purchase of open space lands identified for acquisition. 2.0.6 Continue to work with businesses, private property owners and volunteers to maintain and foster stewardship of open space areas. 2.2.1 Pursue acquisition and development of the high priority needs through the Capital Improvement Program (CIP), as guided by the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan. 2.2.2 Develop property acquisition and disposition policies and procedures with local public and private agencies for potential open space acquisition sites. 2.2.3 Work with property owners and encourage non -purchase options, including conservation easements, current use assessment, and development covenants. Accept donations of properties where public benefit is anticipated or planned. 2.3.1 "Apply a range of measures to preserve and protect the open space network, including: • Sensitive areas regulations. • Shoreline regulations. • Land altering regulations. • Landscaping regulations. • Tree regulations. • Parks Impact Fees." 2.3.2 Design site planning and subdivision standards that offer flexibility and reflect the purpose of open space network areas. 2.6.1 Maintain and protect undeveloped rights -of -way within or adjacent to parks and the open space network. 3.1.1 Partner with Tukwila Village to activate Sullivan Center and expand opportunities for social gatherings and cohesion. 3.1.2 Add places for social gathering by adding features in parks with existing capacity and in new facilities. 3.1.3 Develop design guidelines to ensure that uses and structures adjacent to parks recognize and complement open spaces and public amenities. 3.1.4 Prepare standards and guidelines for parks and open spaces that ensure access to sunlight, a sense of security, seating, landscaping, accessibility, and connections to surrounding uses and activities. 3.1.5 Work with public agencies to incorporate public spaces as an important element of major public transportation, utilities and facilities projects. 3.1.6 Examine alternative spaces for each neighborhood in identified park access gap areas that could be used to create a neighborhood gathering spot. 3.1.7 Consider locating parklets in commercial areas, such as in the vicinity of Tukwila International Boulevard and the Tukwila Urban Center/Southcenter area. 3.2.1 Increase access to places for social gathering in identified focus areas of the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan. 3.4.1 Develop and implement a parks and public spaces beautification program that includes public art, landscape and streetscape enhancements, formal, informal, seasonal and annual plantings, installation of hanging floral baskets and banners, new park furnishings, security lighting, etc. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 17 of 26 3.5.1 Identify and secure a suitable location for a larger -scale public gathering space - including but not limited to the Southcenter/Tukwila Urban Center area and the Tukwila International Boulevard area - per the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan. 3.5.2 Develop strategies for public -private partnerships that will result in public open spaces to serve as focal points and settings for special events and other activities. 4.1-12.1 Add places for unstructured play by adding features in parks with existing capacity, as identified in the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan. 4.1-12.2 Increase access to unstructured play in identified focus areas of the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan. 4.1-12.3 Continue to seek locations for new multi -use all-weather and lighted sports fields and sport courts at sites with adequate capacity, as identified in the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan. 4.1-12.4 Partner with the Highline, Tukwila, and Seattle school districts, the Tukwila Metropolitan Park District, King County, neighboring jurisdictions and other providers, to improve community access to programs and services during non -school hours. 4.1-12.5 Identify locations and funding for a facility serving the Tukwila International Boulevard area. 4.1-12.6 Develop a Recreation Program Plan that addresses all programs and services of the Department's programming functions, including activity selection, type, and scope of programs, trend analysis and program lifecycle, and outreach initiatives. 4.1-12.7 Recruit instructors and coordinators from different cultural backgrounds to introduce the community to activities and events from their culture. 4.1-12.8 Incorporate measures of participation diversity into program performance targets and encourage program offerings that reflect trending topics and interests. 4.1-12.9 Develop and implement an ADA Transition Plan that prioritizes the elimination of physical barriers to parks, facilities, and programs. 4.1-12.10 Develop and implement a Language Access Plan- the process by which the Department will provide meaningful access to parks and recreation programs, services and activities for persons with LEP. 5.1-8.1 Create a toolkit that provides updated guiding principles and actionable tactics to inform park planning, design and development so that parks, trails and open spaces are more inviting, welcoming and foster opportunities for greater belonging. Design guidelines should include example landscape designs, treatments, furnishings and functionality that desired most amongst the diverse cultures of Tukwila. 5.1-8.2 Expand recreation programming and services in identified focus areas of the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan, using a combination of mobile programming, classes and activities held at City -owned and school district -owned locations, and other sites as appropriate. 5.1-8.3 Refine the cost -recovery framework to increase affordability of all programs. 5.1-8.4 Pursue alternative service delivery models, such as mobile programming at employment areas, to enhance programming options and convenience. 5.1-8.5 Partner with Highline, Seattle and Tukwila school districts, Tukwila Metropolitan Park District, King County, neighboring jurisdictions and other providers, to improve community access to programs and services. 5.1-8.6 Expand and enhance volunteer programs and opportunities. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 18 of 26 5.1-8.7 Expand and diversify outreach efforts to increase awareness of and involvement in parks programs. 5.1-8.8 Develop and implement a procedure for working with expected park users and neighborhood residents when developing new parks or land features or adding programs to existing parks. 5.1-8.9 Develop a sponsorship program to support low/no-cost programming and expanded events and activities. 5.1-8.10 Secure a non-profit partner to serve as a fiscal sponsor/foundation supporting Tukwila Parks and Recreation. 6.1-8.1 Provide accessible programs and classes that promote healthy activity and food choices for residents of all ages. 6.1-8.2 Develop a volunteer project database to serve as a clearinghouse for Citywide volunteer opportunities. 6.1-8.3 Work with volunteer organizations and the City of Tukwila Parks Commission to identify ways to strengthen the park system. 6.1-8.4 Continue to provide a variety of volunteer opportunities multiple programs and business units, nature walks and interpretive services, as well as use of social media and public outreach, to foster long-term support and stewardship. 6.1-8.5 Increase environmental stewardship and awareness by offering food system and urban agriculture programs and classes. Identify joint -use agreements for publicly- or privately - owned sites for uses such as urban farms, community gardens and pea patches. 6.1-8.6 Seek development incentives, grants, and other funding sources, including public -private partnerships, to support development of urban agriculture sites and programming. 6.1-8.7 Review development regulations for barriers to implementing urban agriculture activities. 6.1-8.8 Identify the preferred location for an additional community garden, which may include a children's learning garden. 6.1-8.9 Encourage and support farmers' market opportunities that are accessible to all residents. 6.1-8.10 Develop and implement system -wide environmental strategies for management and operations. 6.1-8.11 Co -locate public infrastructure, environmental and recreational projects where practical. 6.1-8.12 Conduct maintenance efficiency improvements to better align smaller parks with the way these sites are used by the public. 6.1-8.13 Develop and use integrated pest management plans for all parks, with the least hazard to people, property and the environment. 6.1-8.14 Regularly maintain and monitor natural areas to control invasive species and other impacts. 6.1-8.15 Incorporate designs with green infrastructure, water and energy efficiency, recycling, waste prevention and low -impact design storm water management, that reduce environmental impacts. 6.1-8.16 Implement recycling opportunities at all parks and facilities. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 19 of 26 TRANSPORTATION Implementation strategies for the Transportation Element will be presented at the Comprehensive Plan Public Hearing on November 18, 2024. UTILITIES 1.1.1 Update the Sewer, Water and Surface Water Plans every 10 years, or as appropriate, and include a section or discussion on applicable laws and codes, including any updates and emerging subject matter that could be formalized into law or code. Have the City attorney review the plans for legal compliance. 1.1.2 Review and update the City's Infrastructure and Construction Guidelines every 10 years, or as needed to meet new legal thresholds and integrate best available science and emerging technologies. 1.1.3 Review Utilities M&O Plans or SOPs against the City's NPDES Phase II permit for compliance with each reissuance of the permit 1.1.4 Develop a policy that provides consistent guidance for private versus public ownership, and maintenance requirements for residential surface water detention, water quality and conveyance systems. 1.2.1 Maintain checklist for applicants and reviewers to ensure standards are being met 1.4.1 Establish process for drainage review that ensures that applicants are meeting off -site analysis requirements of the stormwater manual; consider a site visit as a required part of the review process. 1.4.2 Require that erosion controls be in place prior to any demolition or construction work by issuing and inspecting separate erosion control permits prior to all demolition or construction activity. Document inspections and corrections within inspection tracking program and conduct escalating enforcement to ensure compliance with zero non- stormwater discharges from all projects within Tukwila. 1.5.1 Provide timely and effective notification of road construction, maintenance, and other City actions to interested and affected utilities. 1.5.2 Review and update franchise utility agreements regularly 1.5.3 Establish a regular meeting schedule with service providers, on at least once per year, to discuss upcoming City and franchise projects and plans 1.6.1 Provide timely and effective notification of road construction, maintenance, and other City actions to interested and affected utilities. 1.7.1 Review and update the Tukwila Municipal Code on regular basis to stay up to date on regulatory needs and requirements. 1.7.2 Continue to analyze and issue service rate changes every other year 1.11.1 Utility Comprehensive plans shall be coordinated with growth projections 1.12.1 Continue to Require Concurrency Forms for certain development for utilities except for stormwater; for stormwater, the design review process will determine capacity to accommodate growth or redevelopment. 1.14.1 Consolidate PW shops into one new facility that utilizes sustainable and cost-effective energy sources and creates operational efficiencies September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 20 of 26 1.14.2 Enlist a third party to do an internal audit of operational practices relative to environmentally sound, sustainable and cost-effective potential 1.15.1 Develop implementation plan to institute findings from the operational audit 1.16.1 Continue to work with utility providers to disseminate promotional materials to customers 1.16.2 Develop a strategy or plan to implement climate change reduction goals especially related to utility operations, green fuels, energy and consumption and materials management. 1.17.1 Develop a green infrastructure program that includes urban forest management planning 1.17.2 Provide capacity and resources to implement urban forestry and GSI policy and plan goals 1.18.1 Coordinate with King County Wastewater Division to develop reclaimed water rate structure commensurate with ratepayers' means' and in consideration of environmental justice and equity goals 1.18.2 Upon completion of the prior implementation strategy (1.18.1), develop a plan to develop and distribute reclaimed water as to high volume nonpotable water users as well as the larger community as applicable, and develop code to establish rates, incentives and requirements for reclaimed water use. 1.18.3 Develop and practice conservation measures for each utility. 1.18.4 Use conservation and retrofit as a means of improving the development of new and existing facilities or as a means of augmenting available resources. 1.18.5 Encourage removal of pavement and LID retrofit to enhance water quality and preserve natural resources. 1.18.6 Structure water rates to encourage conservation. 1.18.7 Require conservation -conscious operation of all City facilities, to provide a good model for the community. Develop an inventorying process that can measure and account for City conservation -conscious actions that can be shared annually with the public. 1.18.8 Implement public education programs on water conservation and protection of surface water quality, including alternatives to toxics and safe use and disposal of household toxics. 1.18.9 Provide routine inspection and maintenance of surface water system and dispose of all sediments in an approved manner. 1.18.10 Use methods associated with stormwater and sewage disposal systems - including green stormwater infrastructure, grease traps, oil and water separators, and regular inspection - to reduce and eliminate point sources of pollution. 1.18.11 Reuse and reclaim water at public facilities as appropriate, especially for high -volume non- potable water uses such as parks, schools, and the golf course. 1.18.12 Use Low -Impact Development techniques as a preferred option. 1.18.13 Provide ongoing training for City staff regarding best management practices for operations and maintenance of all lands owned and operated. 1.18.14 Develop Urban Forest Management Plan 1.20.1 Provide notice of work in advance; notice shall include anticipated impacts, length of service outage etc. 1.20.2 Screen generators, pump stations, material storage yards or other infrastructure, to reduce impacts to neighboring property. 1.20.3 Implement Design Review for public utility facilities 1.20.4 Allow joint use of utilities corridors and transportation rights -of -way, when possible. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 21 of 26 1.20.5 Underground utilities according to policy. 1.20.6 Coordinate construction activities to minimize impacts. 1.20.7 Use right-of-way agreements for cable and electrical services to discourage excessive wiring throughout the City 1.21.1 Carry out a water quality monitoring program. 1.21.2 Implement a response plan for water emergencies 1.21.3 Implement water reuse as a water supply source. 1.21.4 Allow private wells, where approved by the appropriate authority 1.21.5 Implement a water line replacement/ enhancement program for deficient single-family residential areas, as documented in the Comprehensive Water Plan. 1.23.1 Establish a schedule and strategy to bring sewer service to homes and businesses within the City's service area that are currently on septic systems. 1.25.1 Maintain an up-to-date inventory of properties within Tukwila and accurately identify the rate class for each. 1.26.1 Issue updates to the Surface Water Comprehensive Plan every 10 years. 1.26.2 Develop a Surface Water Management Program update annually and hold interdepartmental coordination meetings per Administrative Policy 900-08 1.26.3 Maintain adequate staffing capacity to meet policy goals and NPDES permit requirements 1.26.4 Expand the Public Works O&M program to maintain habitat restoration and urban forestry sites 1.26.5 As required by the NPDES Ph II permit, provide education and outreach services annually to a selected target audience. 1.26.6 Develop enforcement procedures and establish penalties to support NPDES Permit compliance per TMC 14.30.230 1.27.1 Review and update the Tukwila Municipal Code section pertaining to Low Impact Development and the Infrastructure Design and Construction Manual every 5 year, or more often if needed, to reflect emerging science and technology 1.27.2 Develop clear criteria and processes for applicants and development reviewers to ensure that LID is implemented and obstacles to LID are consistent and justifiable. 1.27.3 Develop a Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) assistance program that provides support to property owners interested in implementing GSI; program elements could include rain garden assistance; tree giveaways, etc.; utilize regional GSI programs as applicable. 1.28.1 Adopt periodic updates to the King County design manual 1.28.2 Evaluate the need to either modify or create amendments to the adopted manual to address commonly seen issues including the exclusion of bioretention as water quality treatment; simultaneously evaluate the potential pros and cons of either adopting the Ecology manual or expanding the use of it in code. 1.29.1 Continue regular participation in Our -Green Duwamish Partnership 1.29.2 Continue regular participation in the STORM workgroup 1.29.3 Develop a plan or strategy to implement large scale water quality retrofit projects including but not limited to stormwater parks and community -based public private partnerships (CBP3). 1.30.1 Continue to budget annual funding to the Water Quality Retrofit CIP project 1.30.2 Continue active participation as a WRIA 9-member jurisdiction; advocate for Tukwila projects in the WRIA 9 Habitat Plan; establish CIPs for habitat plan projects, apply for WRIA 9 directed funding and other grant funding to support and implement projects. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 22 of 26 1.30.3 In support of NPDES Ph2 Permit requirements for urban canopy, develop a City-wide urban forestry inventory and plan; develop tree canopy mapping 1.30.4 Ensure staff capacity is adequate to manage urban forestry planning and policy implementation 1.31.1 Continue to review and update tree code and ordinances to protect valuable trees and tree canopy 1.31.2 In conjunction with Urban Forestry Plan, acquire properties with mature canopy or other sites with the potential to contribute to canopy goals 1.31.3 Create an Urban Forestry CIP with dedicated funds to publicly managed canopy 1.31.4 Establish interdepartmental working group to focus on implementing Urban Forestry Plan goals and Green Tukwila Plan goals 1.31.5 Expand capacity of the Green Tukwila Program to meet demand and expedite progress towards plan goals 1.31.6 Apply for grants, such as through CFT, DNR, WRIA 9 etc. to support property acquisition, planting, restoration, and maintenance. 1.31.7 Investigate programs that provide financial incentives through the Surface Water Utility to property owners who maintain or enhance the tree canopy. 1.31.8 Adequately fund surface water facility inspections and enforcement. 1.37.1 Consolidate utility locations and use shared towers, poles, antennae, trenches, easements and substation sites. 1.37.2 Require new cellular communications facilities to make use of existing structures wherever possible. 1.37.2 Enclose telephone switching facilities in buildings compatible with the surrounding area. 1.38.1 / 1.37.2 Enclose telephone switching facilities in buildings compatible with the surrounding area. 1.42.1 Continue comprehensive public education and outreach programs that promote recycling, composting, purchase and use of environmentally preferable products, and other waste diversion and prevention measures. 1.42.2 Support and promote product stewardship to divert waste from the Cedar Hills Landfill. 1.42.3 Consider innovative solid waste and recycling programs to reduce carbon emissions, and limit accumulation of garbage in Tukwila residential neighborhoods. 1.43.1 Continue competitively bid solid waste and recycling collection services and technical assistance contracts when current contracts expire 1.43.2 Monitor solid waste providers for adequacy of service and compliance with the service contracts. 1.44.1 Monitor solid waste providers for adequacy of service and compliance with the service contracts. 1.45.1 Continue to participate in the Metropolitan Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAC). 1.47.1 "Support regional, State, federal initiatives and programs that encourage local renewable energy production, such as: • Third -party financing to lower up -front costs of solar panels; • Incentive programs for rooftop solar systems; • Expanded opportunities for net -metering; • Establish feed -in tariff programs; • Net -zero energy building code Statewide; • Expanded opportunities for net -metering through raising net -metering cap Statewide" 1.47.2 Consider local actions to support local energy generation, including amendments to development codes that would: September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 23 of 26 • Provide mechanisms to exempt solar panels and wind turbines from maximum height standards; • Allow the creation of solar access easements; • Streamlined permit process for alternative energy production projects, including waiving permit fees; ■ Develop incentives to encourage local electrical 1.47.3 Investigate and consider the following: ■ Make City properties available for community solar access or other pilot programs; ■ Install solar panels on existing City properties such as Tukwila's Community Center and the Foster Golf Course; ■ Prioritize installing solar panels at new City facilities; ■ Use franchise agreements to leverage electric utilities actions regarding solar and renewable power, including expanded programs and plans." 1.47.4 Partner with utility providers to promote financial assistance and discounted billing programs for income qualified residents in order to ensure that the most vulnerable are not disproportionately impacted by the State's clean energy transition. 1.49.1 In coordination with PSE consider the potential for renewable, recoverable natural gas in existing systems. (PSE suggested) CAPITAL FACILITIES 1.1.1 Periodically review and maintain contracts supporting regionally shared capital options. 1.3.1 Requests of Council for CIP funding for projects to be initiated within the 7- to 20-year timeframe shall include a narrative discussion of how the project is consistent with Comprehensive Plan goals as a part of the Council discussion material. 1.3.2 Projects proposed in the 6-year CIP shall reference consistency with the Comprehensive Plan as well as provide detailed cost estimates. 1.4.1 Public Works shall monitor development -activated Concurrency requirements and associated fees to ensure that anticipated projects are completed within the 6-year time period 1.6.1 Public Works will prioritize lists of repairs and continue to update the list annually. 1.6.2 The CIP shall track six -year spending in single-family, industrial and commercial neighborhoods, in order to measure investment balance. 1.1-7.1 The CIP shall track six -year spending in residential, industrial, and commercial neighborhoods, in order to measure investment balance. 1.1-7.2 The CIP/FPM shall include capital expenditures and include bond payment expenditures. 1.15.1 At least every 2 years, City departments will coordinate to determine if adopted impact fees reflect related improvement costs. 1.8-17.1 Create and use a decision matrix to show project consistency with Comprehensive Plan and Strategic Plan goals and policies. 1.8-17.2 Rank and prioritize unfunded projects. 1.18.1 Tukwila shall use PSRC Equity Planning Resources for Comprehensive Plans - April 2023 (psrc.org) as a guide in ensuring equitable access and investment. Also see metrics on pages 16-19 in Advancing Racial Equity Across the Water Sector: A Toolkit for Utilities (uswateralliance.org): September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 24 of 26 • Use the Racial Equity Toolkit to examine existing and new public services. • Use data to support the prioritization of equitable investments and to account for historical service disparities. • Equity is a prioritized criterion for infrastructure and capital improvement investments and leads to increased allocation for historically underserved areas/neighborhoods and populations. ■ Increase access among diverse language groups. ■ Identify specific actions to address displacement. Strategies should be integrated across all policies/ dispersed to appropriate policies 1.19.1 Tukwila Public Works shall approach adjacent communities to establish a regular communication/coordination forum to minimize project disruptions, impacts, and costs for jurisdictions. 1.20.1 Tukwila shall establish a GIS-based map showing proposed developments for use by city departments in knowing where development is proposed 1.21.1 Create and use a decision matrix to show project consistency with Comprehensive and Strategic Plan goals and policies 1.21.2 Rank and prioritize unfunded projects. 1.23.1 Develop a prioritization matrix for use in evaluating all PW and other City Projects meeting the specified criteria. The scoring for each decision will be reported to the City Council annually. 1.25.1 Develop or adopt a matrix of criteria to use in determining how well proposed projects support disaster resiliency and public service recovery 1.26.1 Coordinate with other City Departments to identify meaningful categories of data to be provided to Council and other Departments on a monthly / Quarterly/ Semi-annual/ or Annual basis 1.27.1 Coordinate with other City Departments to identify meaningful categories of data to be provided to Council and other Departments on a monthly / Quarterly/ Semi-annual/ or Annual basis 1.39.1 If no utility is available for the developer, then it is on the developer to build an extension. 1.40.1 DCD will monitor permits submitted and notify PW of additions or alternations. PW will continue to maintain the system and create a list of priorities. 1.40.2 Continue funding six -year System Plan updates. 1.40.3 Compliance with the level -of -service standards and shall be reviewed, relative to city growth targets, in the biennial updates to the CIP/FPM. 2.2.1 The City will market to the residents continually to reduce water usage. A tiered system of usage would also help reinforce this. 3.1.1 Tukwila will support the Green River System -Wide Improvement Framework (SWIF) that outlines the implementation strategy to address levee deficiencies in a prioritized way to optimize flood risk reduction, address system -wide issues and maintain eligibility in the federal levee program. 3.1 to 3.4 Participate in and contribute to County -wide flood control meetings sponsored by King County Flood Control District, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and other applicable organizations. 3.1 to 3.4 Actively research and develop strategies to prepare the City of Tukwila for flood related impacts of climate change such as increased winter flooding. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 25 of 26 3.1 to 3.4 Minimize the alteration of natural surface water features that retain or carry floodwaters (such as wetlands, natural flood plains and streams), and prevent land alterations that would increase potential flooding. 3.1 to 3.4 Increase City staff expertise in bioengineering techniques for bank stabilization and to reduce hazards associated with slope failures and erosion. 3.1 to 3.4 Promote and incentivize the use of native vegetation and buffers in proximity to environmentally sensitive areas through public engagement and educational programs. 3.1 to 3.4 Participate and contribute to the update to the county wide Flood Hazard Management Plan and adopt the final plan. 3.1 to 3.4 Participate and contribute to the Lower Green River Flood Hazard Management Plan. September 2024 Attachment D: Implementation Strategies Page 26 of 26