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Utilities 2013-12-02 Item 2A - Discussion - 2013 Surface Water Management Program Survey and Assessment (NPDES Program)
TO: City of Tukwila Jim Haggerton, Mayor INFORMATIONAL MEMORANDUM Mayor Haggerton Utilities Committee FROM: Bob Giberson, Public Works Director BY: Greg Villanueva, NPDES Coordinator DATE: November 25, 2013 SUBJECT: NPDES Program Project No. 93 -DR10 2013 Surface Water Management Program Survey and Assessment ISSUE Results of the 2013 Surface Water Management Program Survey and Assessment. BACKGROUND The City's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II general permit requires that the City measure its citizen's stormwater knowledge and behavior. The City's Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) has been meeting this requirement by annually conducting a series of stormwater survey and assessments. ANALYSIS For 2013, the City hired Hebert Research, Inc. to conduct a phone survey and assessment. The survey targeted residents, automotive companies, restaurants and apartment owners /managers. The completed survey was compared to last year's survey to determine priority stormwater issues in the City of Tukwila. Overall, Tukwila residents have increased the number of correct responses given to priority 1 issues from 41.8% in 2011, 41.9% in 2012 to 44.9% in 2013. In comparison, the businesses surveyed correctly answered between 75% and 100 %, with the key exception of not realizing that sediment is pollution and poor housekeeping practices results in wastewater entering the storm drainage system. The percentage of Tukwila residents who know to call the Department of Public Works in an event of an illicit discharge went up to 28.2 %, compared with the 19.7% who answered correctly in 2012. Still, the percentage is relatively low and communication on this topic will continue to be a City wide priority. These results are an encouraging sign that progress is being made with the City's effort to increase public understanding of stormwater issues. RECOMMENDATION Information only. Attachments: 2013 Assessment of Citizen and Business Understanding and Adoption of Targeted Stormwater Behaviors W 1PW Eng1PROJECTSW- DR Projects \NPDES Program (99341210ASurvey 2013 \Utilities Committee Info. Memo Results of Survey doc 1 J-IJ?HEBERT RESEARCH, INC. "Advancing Knowledge" City of Tukwila 2013 Assessment of Citizen and Business Understanding and Adoption of Targeted Stormwater Behaviors August 27, 2013 Prepared By Jim Hebert, President Cynthia Sullivan- Hebert, Research Director Robby Noble, Research Analyst Hebert Research 13629 NE Bel -Red Rd. Bellevue, WA 98005 www.HebertResearch.com Point of Contact: Cynthia Sullivan- Hebert Office: (425) 643 -1337 Fax: (425) 278 -0856 cshebert @hebertresearch.com ©2013, Hebert Research, Inc. 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Research Goal and Objectives 3 Research Methodology 4 Geographical Map of Surveyed Area 7 Explanation of Multivariate Analysis 8 Respondent Profile 10 Assessment of Water Quality in the Environment 11 Opportunities for Expansion and Focus of Educational Programs 13 Priority 1 Issues 14 Priority 2 Issues 17 Priority 3 Issues 22 Reporting an Illicit Discharge 27 Business Research Results 28 Business Profile 29 Business Assessment of Water Quality in the Environment 30 General Questions 31 Restaurant Priority Issues 32 Property Owner /Manager Priority Issues 34 Automotive Priority Issues 36 Conclusions 38 Appendix A: Tukwila Community Survey 39 Appendix B: Tukwila Business Survey 43 ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page 12 3 Research Goal and Objectives Research Goal: The goal of this research was to measure the public's knowledge and practices regarding stormwater in the city of Tukwila. In addition, the research assessed Tukwila businesses' stormwater practices and behaviors. This research may be used for stormwater planning as well as educational outreach to improve the target audience's understanding of the problem and reduce or eliminate behaviors and practices that cause or contribute to adverse stormwater impacts. This is in partial compliance with Phase II municipal stormwater permit requirements in Washington State. Each permittee (City of Tukwila) is required to measure the understanding and adoption of target behaviors of its citizens and property managers /businesses. The research results can be used as a measurement to direct the application of education and outreach resources in the most effective manner. Furthermore, this research compared the 2013 Tukwila storm water survey findings to those in 2011 and 2012 to analyze any statistical differences. This longitudinal analysis was used to identify trends and patterns that are occurring in the public's knowledge and practices of stormwater. Research Objectives: The following objectives were completed during the course of the research project: 1) Determined the overall public perception of the quality of surface water in Tukwila and compared it with the previous year's ratings. 2) Identified Priority I, Priority II, and Priority III issues for Tukwila residents. This will help determine what perceptions, behaviors, and practices need the most attention as well as provide direction for an educational outreach program. 3) Identified shifts and trends in Priority I, Priority II, and Priority III issues that occurred from 2012 to 2013. 4) Determined the public's knowledge of which agency to report an illicit discharge to and compared it with the research conducted in 2012. 5) Identified Priority I, Priority II, and Priority III issues for restaurants, automotive businesses, and property owners /managers. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Pa g e /3 4 Research Methodology Sampling Frame A list of Tukwila phone numbers was acquired from a reputable vender and the resulting list was loaded into Hebert Research's CATI (Computer -Aided Telephone Interviewing) system, which randomly selects phone numbers from this list, as required during the interviewing process. Each phone number was called at least five times at different times during the day and evening before being replaced by a new number. This helped to minimize non - response error, meaning that those who were easy to reach and those who were more difficult to contact were equally represented. Similar to the previous research project, Hebert Research sampled 103 residents of Tukwila, which were weighted back to the 2010 U. S. Census data by age and gender. The following table represents the sample sizes for years 2011 and 2012. Sample Totals Year Sample Size 2011 2012 2013 Total 100 100 103 303 Questionnaire The residential survey was created to be administered to the general public within the city of Tukwila. The survey questions were identical to those composed in consultation with the City of Tukwila for use in the 2011 and 2012 studies. The survey consisted of 30 questions, 27 of them relating directly to knowledge about stormwater issues and practices respondents had adopted, which protect the quality of stormwater. The remaining three questions dealt with an overall assessment of surface water quality, where illicit discharges should be reported, and the age of the respondent. In addition, a business survey was conducted using the same questions developed by Hebert Research in collaboration with the city in 2012. Survey questions were comprised of stormwater knowledge and behavior in relation to the type of business. For the city of Tukwila, the focus was on three types of businesses, which included restauarants, property owners /managers, automotive. Hebert Research completed all interviews using the same interactive voice (telephone) survey methodology that was utilized in the 2011 and 2012 assessments of Tukwila. Research Controls Hebert Research applied a variety of controls to help ensure that the research and analysis reached the highest quality that can be provided. The primary research controls employed in this study included the following: ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Pa g e 14 5 Interviewer Training All interviewers participated in a special training session for this study. During this training session, the questionnaire was read and a discussion was held regarding the objectives of the study, screening questions, skip patterns, and techniques for handling potential problems. Interviewers raised questions and provided their professional feedback regarding potential interviewing issues. Pre -test the Survey After the questionnaire was programmed in our CATI system, it was rigorously tested to assure all questions were asked and that data was accurately recorded. Thirty surveys were conducted during the pretest. The programming was deemed to be valid. Conduct Interviews Following a successful pretest of the questionnaire, telephone interviews were conducted using Ci3 CATI software from Sawtooth Software, a recognized leader in computer -aided interviewing. Potential respondents were called on weekdays at various times throughout the afternoon and evening until 9:00 pm. Business were called in the afternoon prior to 5:00 pm. An appointment and callback procedure was used when necessary to minimize refusals and allow respondents to complete the survey at a convenient time. Interviews were conducted in English. Monitoring Telephone interviews were regularly monitored by the data collection supervisor and were found to be properly conducted. Internal Peer Review Hebert Research uses an internal review process called "CERA" (create, edit, review, approve) which is similar to academic peer review to ensure that each study meets or exceeds rigorous quality control standards. Through this process, several analysts review the statistical findings and offer critical feedback designed to increase the utility of the research and produce a clear and insightful report. Margin of Error, Incidence and Response Rates A total of 108 surveys were completed by adults living within the city limits of Tukwila. At the 95% confidence level, the maximum margin of error for a sample size of 103 respondents is ±9.43 %. This margin of error means that if the survey was repeated 100 times, the resulting percentages for each response for the city would be within ±9.43% (the margin of error) in 95 out of 100 cases for each question. 23 Business were included in the sampling frame. The incidence rate, which represents the percent of business we spoke to who were qualified to take the survey, meaning they spoke English and reported being located within the city, was 95.83. The response rate, which represents the percent of qualified businesses who agreed to participate ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila - Stormwater 2013 Page 15 6 was 92.31 %, a very high rate reflecting the willingness of business to participate in this sort of research. The incidence rate for the survey of individuals was 42.12% out of a sampling frame of 2,436. The response rate was 53.39 %. Response rates above 50.0% are high compared to other community -wide surveys and serve to increase confidence in the survey's validity and reliability. Statistical Weighting Statistical weighting is a technique that is commonly used in research to reduce sampling error. During the process of data collection, demographic data from the U.S. Census was obtained to identify population parameters for the survey. Sample demographics — specifically, age and gender —were compared with distributions in the population within each city. To compensate for potential sampling bias, weights were calculated and applied to the survey sample for the city in order to ensure that gender and age distributions were represented in the proper proportion according to census statistics. In the final weighting analysis, it was concluded that the sample was representative of the population for the city within the critical parameters of gender and age. Use of Findings Hebert Research has made every effort to produce the highest quality research product within the agreed specifications, budget and schedule. The customer understands that Hebert Research uses those statistical techniques, which, in its opinion, are the most accurate possible. However, inherent in any statistical process is a possibility of error, which must be taken into account in evaluating the results. Statistical research can reveal information regarding community perceptions only as of the time of the sampling, within the parameters of the project, and within the margin of error inherent in the techniques used. Evaluations and interpretations of statistical research findings and decisions based on them are solely the responsibility of the customer and not Hebert Research. The conclusions, summaries and interpretations provided by Hebert Research are based strictly on the analysis of the data gathered, and are not to be construed as recommendations; therefore, Hebert Research neither warrants their viability nor assumes responsibility for the success or failure of any customer actions subsequently taken. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Pa g e 16 Cascade SE 19 Geographical Map of Surveyed Area The map below shows the geographic area from which the sample was drawn. Only respondents of the city of Tukwila were asked to take the survey. .atewood Delrldge ;oln Park _ SW ih ¢14 51 5 fauntleroy Yl White Center +,rbor Heights 3 ' f Pa r Rainier Valley Eiunlap '.,nser Beach . <lf SE Gene Coulon Memorial Beach Park t ■ Teti 178m St Ed Munro $eahorsl Park Bryn Mawl- Skyway Golf Links Renton Cedar River Cog Park IM Sw 160th St SeaTac 180th 51 a s a-� Valley Ridge Park 3 1• ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 /7 8 Explanation of Multivariate Analysis The data for the surveys were analyzed using the chi square statistic to examine differences between respondents according to age and gender. Responses for the knowledge questions were first categorized as being either a correct response or an incorrect response. The incorrect response category was made up of wrong answers plus responses classified as "need more information," "don't know /refused," and "not applicable." Following classification, the chi square test was executed. For the questions dealing with the actions of the respondents, those who said the action did not apply to them were eliminated from the data set. Following their removal, the categories were classified as being "correct" or "incorrect" with the "incorrect" classification consisting of the collapsed categories as described above. The statistical test was run using these two categories. Hypotheses were tested using the 0.05 level of significance as the criterion value for the chi - square analysis. When differences between groups reached this value, the finding is reported along with its level of significance which is stated as a p -value (e.g., p = 0.04). Chi - square test results that reach the 0.05 level of significance indicate there is at least a 19- out -of -20 likelihood that the finding is true. This is a generally accepted level of reliability for public surveys. Findings of no significance are also reported to provide the basis for conclusions regarding the uniformity of opinion across the sample. Cramer's V is a statistical test that measures the degree of association between two categorical variables. For statistical tests that reach significance using chi - square, Cramer's V values are provided to describe the strength of the association between the variables. This measurement ranges between 0.0 and 1.0. The higher the level of association, the greater is the probability that the independent variable is causing an effect on the dependent variable. A measurement of 0 indicates there is no association between the two, meaning it is likely the independent variable has no systematic effect on the dependent variable. A measurement of 1.0 indicates that variations in the independent variable completely match variations in the dependent variable. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Pa g e 18 9 Residential Research Results ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 1 9 10 Respondent Profile The following tables describe the demographic profile of the sample for Tukwila residents by age and gender. As indicated in the methodology section, the sample was statistically weighted to match the population by gender and age. The percentages listed below are the weighted sample frequencies for age and gender according to 2010 U.S. Census data. Un- weighted percentages have been included for comparison. 2013 Weighted Sample - Gender Gender Actual Weighted Male Female 49.5% 50.5% 49.5% 50.5% 2013 Weighted Sample - Age Age Group Actual Weighted 18 -24 2.22% 9.42% 25 -34 5.56% 25.52% 35 -44 7.78% 21.90% 45 -54 15.56% 16.58% 55 -64 21.11% 16.04% 65+ 23.33% 10.54% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 10 11 Assessment of Water Quality in the Environment Respondents rated the quality of water in Tukwila's rivers, wetlands, and lakes on a 0 -10 numeric scale where 0 meant "extremely polluted" and 10 meant "extremely clean." The average rating for surface water quality was slightly lower in 2013, although still higher than it was in 2011. The rating decreased to 5.94 in 2013 from 6.00 in 2012. This decrease was not statistically significant. The chart below illustrates the mean rating of respondents by survey year. 2013 2012 2011 Rating of Surface Water Quality 57 5.75 5.8 5.85 59 5.95 6 6.05 ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 11 12 h L 5.94 6 5 82 57 5.75 5.8 5.85 59 5.95 6 6.05 ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 11 12 The following chart shows the distribution of respondent ratings for 2011 and the 2012 results at each point along the rating scale. 35.095 30.096 25.0% 20.096 Distribution of Responses to Surface Water Quality Rating 15.U7b 10.096 5.096 0.096 ' ma-0 ' 111 Ai 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A 2011 0.796 2.896 1.0% 6.396 4.196 30.896 16.6% 21.496 10.596 3.0% 2.796 la 2012 0.696 0.096 2.8% 2.496 12.896 27.2% 16.096 16.1% 11.696 6.496 4.096 612013 0.596 3.595 1.4% 7.696 6.396 23.9% 9.696 23.996 16.196 6.0% 1.2% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila - Stormwater 2013 Page / 12 13 Opportunities for Expansion and Focus of Educational Programs The two main purposes of this survey were to assess the public's storm water knowledge compare that knowledge to responses from 2011 to 2012. These comparisons are needed because of the city's educational program and to develop priorities for future stormwater public education and outreach. As in the baseline study, the results are organized by the percent of the respondents who provided a correct answer for the current survey —the lower the percent of correct answers given by the sample, the higher the priority for education: • Priority 1 Issues: Less than 50% correct answers • Priority 2 Issues: From 50 to 80% correct answers • Priority 3 Issues: Over 80% correct answers In administering the questionnaire, respondents were presented with statements that were either true or false and were asked if they agreed or disagreed with the statement. Each of the statements in the tables appearing below include a letter indicating the correct answer for that statement, an A for "Agree" and a D for "Disagree." When the word "Adopt" appears, it means the statement deals with whether respondents have "adopted" the desirable behavior mentioned in the statement. The combination of "D Adopt," then, means the question deals with behavior and the desired response is D for "Disagree." This response equates to the respondent saying that he or she engages in the desired behavior mentioned in the statement. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 13 14 Priority 1 Issues Priority 1 issues represent areas of knowledge and behavior where less than half of the respondents provided the correct or desired response. The following table shows the percent of correct answers for Priority 1 issues in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Priority One Issues (Based on Question The runoff from washing a car with biodegradable soap is safe in stormwater drains. D 2013 Report) 2011 o 30.20% % Correct 2012 0 31.00/ 2013 0 38.81/0 Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound is more the result of industrial dumping practices than individual human activity. D 35.00% 43.60% 45.86% Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt pavement. D 38.50% 42.10% 45.91% When I wash a motor vehicle at home, the soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the street. D Adopt 51.20% 45.80% 46.47% Drains on city streets for stormwater are connected to the same sanitary sewer system used for treating human waste D 54.80% 46.50% 47.30% Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 48.00% 53.30% 48.72% *This table of Priority 1 issues is based on 2013 results. Thus, percentages for other years may exceed 50 %. Related Multivariate Analysis Findings Statistically Significant Differences by Gender For two of the three priority one questions with statistically significant differences between genders, Males showed a higher likelihood to give the correct answer. Males were more likely to know that storm drains were not connected to the sewer system and that biodegradable soap (like that used for washing cars) was not safe for stormwater drains. Females were more likely to identify individuals as the primary driver of wastewater pollution. Storm Drains Connected to Sewer (D) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 66.67% 25.93% 33.33% 74.07% Cramer's V: 0.407 P- value: 0.002 ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page X14 15 Pollution Largely the Result of Industry (D) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 26.19% 70.59% 73.81% 29.41% Cramer's V: 0.443 P- value: 0.000 Biodegradable Soap is Safe for Stormwater Drains (D) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 61.54% 15.38% 38.46% 84.62% Cramer's V: 0.474 P- value: 0.000 Statistically Significant Differences by Age Group Older individuals were more likely to give the correct answer for if storm drains are connected to the sewer and if sediment /dirt is pollution or not. ©Hebert Research, Inc. Storm Drains Connected Age Correct 18 -24 33.33% to Sewer (D) Incorrect 66.67% 25 -34 0.00% Correct 100.00% 35 -44 33.33% 25.00% 66.67% 45 -54 75.00% 15.79% 25.00% 55 -64 75.00% 73.33% 25.00% 65+ 85.71% 60.00% 14.29% 55 -64 Cramer's V: 0.635 P- value: 0.000 Sediment /Dirt is not Pollution (D) Age Correct Incorrect 18 -24 25.00% 75.00% 25 -34 15.79% 84.21% 35 -44 73.33% 26.67% 45 -54 60.00% 40.00% 55 -64 58.33% 41.67% 65+ 62.50% 37.50% Cramer's V: 0.449 P- value: 0.008 City of Tukwila - Stormwater 2013 Page I 15 16 Topics for Public Education: Priority 1 Tukwila residents have become more likely to give the correct answer for questions that were priority 1 issues in 2011. Almost half (44.9 %) answered those questions correctly compared with just over 40% in both 2012 and 2011. 2013 2012 2011 Priority 1 Issues: Overall Percentage of Correct Responses 40.0% 41. ON. 42.0% 43 0% 44.0''<• 45.0% 46.0% Knowledge of how rivers, wetlands, lakes and the marine waters of Puget Sound become polluted by stormwater is an essential precursor to improving understanding, raising the desire to act responsibly, and bringing about behavioral change. Priority 1 educational programming and marketing campaigns should convey the following messages: • The water in stormwater drains is not connected to the sanitary sewer system nor is all stormwater treated to remove pollutants before being released into the environment. Therefore, the quality of stormwater going into the drainage system is what determines the level of pollution in surface water. • The primary cause of pollution in stormwater runoff is individual human activity, not industrial dumping. Success in reducing environmental pollution depends upon everyone's participation in helping to make a difference. • Biodegradable soap is not a safe addition to stormwater drains and should be kept from entering the stormwater drainage system. • To best protect the environment, soapy water from washing a motor vehicle is best handled by allowing it to be absorbed by a lawn or the ground. It should not be allowed to flow into the street or into a drainage ditch. • Bricks or pavers help to reduce the volume of stormwater runoff and, therefore, help to reduce stormwater pollution in the environment. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 16 17 Priority 2 Issues Priority 2 issues represent areas of knowledge and behavior where 50% to 80% of the respondents provided the correct response. The table below shows the percent of correct answers for Priority 2 issues in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Priority Two Issues (Based on 2013 Report) Question 2011 % Correct 2012 2013 Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as harmful in stormwater. D 42.80% 50.00% 51.41% All water going into stormwater drains on the street is treated before being discharged into the environment D 55.70% 59.10% 58.67% An illicit or unlawful stormwater discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not composed entirely of stormwater. A 64.30% 58.50% 65.46% Hard surfaces such as roads and driveways are not significant sources of pollution in stormwater. D 71.60% 71.90% 71.47% Stormwater runoff is the leading cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands and lakes. A 62.30% 60.70% 73.08% Washing a vehicle at a commercial car wash causes less pollution than washing a vehicle on the street using a biodegradable soap. A 67.40% 62.50% 73.67% Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff. D 83.40% 67.20% 76.44% Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for polluting stormwater. D 63.20% 61.50% 77.05% The best place to dispose of water from cleaning a Latex paint brush is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A 60.30% 64.00% 77.35% *This table of Priority 2 issues is based on 2013 results. Thus, percentages for other years may not fall between 50% and 80 %. Related Multivariate Analysis Findings Statistically Significant Differences by Gender Males were more likely to know that stormwater is not treated before discharge and that commercial car washes cause less pollution than washing a car at home. Females were more likely to correctly respond that hard surfaces are a significant source of pollution, that soap and water is not a good way to clean oil and grease spots outside, and that chemical moss treatments are damaging to the environment. In these five areas with statistically significant differences between the genders the correlation between gender and response (Cramer's V) ranged from 24.2% to 39.2 %. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 17 18 All Stormwater is Treated before Discharge (D) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 71.43% 47.50% Cramer's V: 0.242 P- value: 0.036 28.57% 52.50% Hard Surfaces Are Not Significant Pollution Sources (D) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 37.50% 62.50% Cramer's V:.392 P- value: .000 80.77% 19.23% Soap and Water is a Good Way to Clean Oil and Grease Outside (D) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 65.85% 34.15% 87.18% 12.82% Cramer's V: 0.25 P- value: 0.025 Commercial Car Washes Cause Less Pollution (A) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 93.10% 60.00% 6.90% 40.00% Cramer's V: 0.372 P- value: 0.002 Chemical Treatments to Kill Moss Pose Little Pollution Risk (D) Gender Male Correct 67.50% Incorrect 32.50% Female 88.89% Cramer's V: 0.256 P- value: 0.025 Statistically Significant Differences by Age Group Respondents aged 35 -44 where most likely to know that storm runoff is a leading cause of pollution with 100% giving the correct response compared with only 33% for those aged 18 -24. Differences in age accounted for 47.7% of the difference in response to this question. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 18 19 Storm Runoff is Leading Cause of Pollution (A) Age _ Correct _ Incorrect 66.67% 18 -24 33.33% 25 -34 50.00% 50.00% 35 -44 100.00% 0.00% 45 -54 85.71% 14.29% 55 -64 68.75% 31.25% 65+ 66.67% 33.33% Cramer's V: 0.477 P- value: 0.001 Older respondents were more likely to know that hard surfaces are significant pollution sources, with the highest percentage of correct answers (92.3 %) coming from those aged 55 -64. The Cramer's V for this question indicates that 38.5% of the differences can be explained by age, although the change is not linear; those aged 45 -54 were less likely to answer correctly than those older or younger than them. Hard Surfaces Are Not Significant Pollution Sources (D) Age 18 -24 Correct 18 -24 Incorrect 75.00% 25.00% 25 -34 74.07% 15.79% 25.93% 35 -44 78.95% 45 -54 21.05% 45 -54 57.14% 91.67% 42.86% 55 -64 92.31% 0.00% 7.69% 65+ 77.78% 22.22% Cramer's V: 0.385 P- value: 0.02 Most age groups understood that illicit stormwater discharge was anything that was not stormwater, with all but those between 18 -24 years old giving a correct response more than 80% of the time. The youngest group only answered correctly 50% of the time. Illicit Stormwater Discharge is Anything but Stormwater (A) Age Correct Incorrect 18 -24 50.00% 50.00% 25 -34 84.21% 15.79% 35 -44 100.00% 0.00% 45 -54 100.00% 0.00% 55 -64 91.67% 8.33% 65+ 100.00% 0.00% Cramer's V: 0.44 P- value: 0.015 ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila - Stormwater 2013 Page / 19 20 Topics for Public Education: Priority 2 The average percentage of respondents who answered correctly for the 2011 Priority 2 issues was calculated for the 2011, 2012 and 2013 surveys. The overall percent in 2013 of 70.6% was several percentage points higher than the responses in 2012 and 2011. 2013 2012 2011 Priority 2 Issues: Overall Percentage of Correct Responses 60.0% 62.0% 64.0% 66.0% 68 0° 70.09_, 72.0% That more than half of the public responded correctly to these issues represents a desirable level of public knowledge, the goal remains to achieve a fully informed public. Consequently, Priority 2 issues continue to represent real opportunities for further public education and social marketing. Future educational and marketing campaigns addressing Priority 2 issues should contain the following messages: • Stormwater runoff is the leading cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands, and lakes. • All water going into stormwater drains is not treated before being discharged into the environment. • Hard surfaces, such as roads and driveways, are a significant source of Stormwater pollution. • Hard surfaces are significant contributors to pollution in stormwater runoff. Hence, it is important to keep hard surfaces clean using acceptable cleaning techniques and, where possible, use pervious surfaces. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 20 21 • Vehicles should be washed at commercial facilities, not at homes where runoff is allowed to drain into the streets. • The best place to clean paint brushes is in a sink that drains into the sanitary sewer system, not outdoors. • The downspouts at homes should convey the water to an area where it is absorbed by the ground, not by stormwater drains. • The residue from chemical treatments that kill moss is a source of pollution. • An illicit or illegal discharge is anything that enters a storm drain system that is not made up entirely of stormwater. • Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is not a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff. • Sediment and dirt are pollution and should be prevented from entering the stormwater drainage system. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 21 22 Priority 3 Issues Priority 3 issues represent areas of knowledge or behavior where more than 80% of the respondents provided the correct response. The following table shows the percentage of correct answers for 2013 Priority 3 issues in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Priority Three Issues (Based on 2013 Report) % Correct Question 2011 2012 2013 The downspouts at my house convey the water to an area where it is absorbed by the ground. A Adopt 79.90% 85.60% 78.29% The best way to clean up spilled oil on the driveway is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or paper towels and deposit this waste in a garbage can. A 76.40% 81.80% 82.01% In the past 12 months, I may have applied a higher dose of insecticide or weed killer around my house than the directions say to use. D Adopt 83.50% 91.10% 84.05% Using a mulching lawnmower reduces the need to fertilize a lawn. A 64.50% 78.00% 86.08% In the past 12 months, I may have used more fertilizer or applied it more frequently than the label directions require. D Adopt 90.00% 93.20% 86.46% If my car or truck is dripping oil, I make sure the leak is fixed within three weeks. A Adopt 81.50% 85.50% 87.04% Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely added to a stormwater drain. D 75.60% 77.40% 88.16% My household recycles all used motor oil. A Adopt 87.90% 80.30% 92.25% When I am outside with my pet, I always pick up my pet's waste. A Adopt 80.70% 85.40% 92.45% My household stores all yard fertilizers and pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. A 98.60% 98.20% 93.12% All of my family's auto or truck parts with oil or grease on them are stored under a roof or cover. A Adopt 71.80% 82.00% 95.48% My family stores all containers holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover. A 92.60% 93.20% 97.92% *This table of Priority 3 issues is based on 2013 results. Thus, percentages for other years may be below 80 %. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila - Stormwater 2013 Page I 22 23 Related Multivariate Analysis Findings Statistically Significant Differences by Gender There were six areas of knowledge within the priority three group that showed statistically significant differences between genders. Women were more likely to say that they always picked up their pets' waste, that they fix oil leaks within three weeks, that they store pesticides and fertilizers in a covered area and that mulching lawnmowers decrease the need for fertilizer. Men were more likely to say that their household recycles all of its used motor oil and to deny using too much insecticide or weed killer in the last year. In each of these categories, gender accounted for between 22.5% and 30.8% of the differences in answers, as shown by the Cramer's V in each table. I Always Pick up my Pet's Waste (A) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 87.10% 100.00% Cramer's V: 0.261 P- value: 0.042 12.90% 0.00% I Fix Oil Leaks Within Three Weeks (A) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 80.77% 97.37% Cramer's V: 0.25 P- value: 0.018 19.23% 2.63% My Household Recycles All Used Motor Oil (A) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 97.73% 85.71% 2.27% 14.29% Cramer's V: 0.225 P- value: 0.045 Mulching Lawnmower Helps Fertilize (A) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 75.00% 95.65% 25.00% 4.35% Cramer's V: 0.297 P- value: 0.006 I Store All Pesticides /Fertilizers in a Covered Area (A) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 88.37% 100.00% 11.63% 0.00% Cramer's V: 0.238 P- value: 0.035 ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page X23 24 In Last 12 Years, I Might Have Used Too much Insecticide or Weed Killer (D) Gender Correct Incorrect Male Female 95.12% 72.50% Cramer's V: 0.308 P- value: 0.006 4.88% 27.50% Statistically Significant Differences by Age In the all three areas with statistically significant differences in answer by age group, those aged 35 -64 gave the highest answers. While age was associated with more accurate knowledge in all three responses, the two oldest groups (55 -64 and 65 +) were less likely than middle aged respondents to say that they always pick up their pet's waste and that mulching lawnmowers help fertilize lawns. Age 18 -24 I Always Pick up my Pet's Waste (A) Correct Incorrect 66.67% 33.33% Age 18 -24 25 -34 100.00% 0.00% 35 -44 100.00% 0.00% 45 -54 100.00% 0.00% 55 -64 75.00% 25.00% 65+ 83.33% 16.67% 80.00% Cramer's V: 0.449 P- value: 0.031 Age 18 -24 Mulching Lawnmower Helps Fertilize Correct 75.00% (A) Incorrect 25.00% 25 -34 65.00% 35.00% 35 -44 100.00% 0.00% 45 -54 100.00% 0.00% 55 -64 87.50% 12.50% 65+ 80.00% 20.00% 100.00% Cramer's V: 0.387 P- value: 0.023 I Store All Pesticides /Fertilizers in a Covered Area (A) Age Correct Incorrect 18 -24 66.67% 33.33% 25 -34 88.46% 11.54% 35 -44 100.00% 0.00% 45 -54 100.00% 0.00% 55 -64 100.00% 0.00% 65+ 100.00% 0.00% Cramer's V: 0.386 P- value: 0.038 ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila - Stormwater 2013 Page /24 25 Topics for Public Education: Priority 3 The average percentage of respondents who answered correctly for the 2011 Priority 3 issues was calculated for both 2011, 2012 and 2013 surveys. The overall percent in 2013 was 88.9 %, higher than in both 2011 and 2012, although just barely. 2013 2012 2011 Priority 3 Issues: Overall Percentage of Correct Responses 84.3% 81,0% 82.096 83.096. 84.0' 85.0% 86.096 87.0% 88,0% 89.096 90.0% The relatively high percent of respondents who gave the correct responses in this category suggests that high behavioral compliance continues to take place. At minimum, it can be said that respondents knew the right thing to do and answered accordingly. To maintain and increase positive behaviors, it remains advisable to continue educating the public on these issues. Because of the already high level of knowledge /compliance for Priority 3 issues, the degree of emphasis on these issues may be lower compared to Priority 1 and Priority 2 issues. If Priority 3 issues are addressed during educational and marketing campaigns, the following messages should be included: • Proper methods for cleaning up oil and grease spills, such as using kitty litter and paper towels. • Carpet shampoo wastewater cannot be safely disposed of at the stormwater drain. • Store auto or truck parts with oil or grease on them under a roof or cover, store containers holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page l 25 26 • Pick up all pet waste when outside. • Apply fertilizer, insecticides or weed killer at recommended rates. • Fix auto or truck oil leaks within three weeks. • Recycle all used motor oil. • Store all yard fertilizers and pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. • Using a mulching lawnmower helps to fertilize your lawn. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 26 27 Reporting an Illicit Discharge The percentage of respondents who chose the Public Works Department (the correct choice) as the agency they would call if they saw an illicit discharge was 28.2% in 2013, higher than in either of the previous two studies. Where Respondents Would Report an Illicit Discharge Other Don't Know or Refused Would Not Report It Need More Info 911 Public Works Dept. Police Department The State Dept. of Ecology 0.096 5.096 10 096 15.096 20.096 25.096 30.096 35.06 There were no statistically significant differences in responses by age, gender, or survey year. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 27 28 The State Dept. of Ecology Police Department Public Works Dept. 911 Need More Info Would Not Report It Don't Know or Refused Other ■ 2013 18.4% 9.7% 28.2% 15.5% 16.596 2.996 5.8% 2.996 • 2012 18.696 10.7% 19.7% 26.8% 15.9% 2.296 3.8% 2.3% • 2011 32.7% 7.79. 24.096 14.396 16, F 2.396 1.796 1.196 There were no statistically significant differences in responses by age, gender, or survey year. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 27 28 ©Hebert Research, Inc. Business Research Results City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 28 29 Business Profile II As described in the research methodology section, three different types of businesses were involved in the survey. The following table depicts the types and the number of businesses that were included. Business Survey Sample Business Type Automotive Count 8 Percentage 34.78% Property 7 30.43% Restaurant 8 34.78% Total 23 100% Of the business respondents administered the survey, the majority of business representatives completing the survey were males (56.5 %). Below is a table that describes the business sample by gender. ©Hebert Research, Inc. Business Demographic - Gender Gender Percentage Male 56.5% Female 43.5% City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 29 30 Business Assessment of Water Quality in the Environment Business Respondents were asked to rate the quality of water in Tukwila's rivers, wetlands, and lakes on a 0 -10 numeric scale where 0 meant "extremely polluted" and 10 meant "extremely clean." As a whole, businesses gave a slightly lower rating in 2013 than in 2012, although the difference was not statistically significant. Ratings for each year can be seen in the chart below. The difference in mean ratings for each business type was not statistically significant. 6.75 6.7 6.65 - 6.6 6.55 6.5 Average Water Quality Rankings 6.71 2012 2011 The following chart shows the distribution of business respondent ratings at each point along the rating scale. The distribution was similar to in 2012, and what differences there were were not statistically significant. 30.095 25.0% 20.096 Distribution of Responses to Surface Water Quality Rating (Business) 10.0% - 5.0% 0.0% I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ■2012 4.2% 0.096 0.096 0.0% 4.2% 25.0% 8.396 16.7 %25.0% 4.296 12.5% 1u2013 0.096 5.396 0.0% 5.396 0.094 10.5 %26.3 %15.8 %26.3% 0.096 10.5% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page /30 31 General Questions The survey consisted of ten questions that were considered general stormwater questions applicable to all business types. The following table describes the percent of correct responses by company type. In addition, the combined percentages are included to represent business stormwater knowledge and behavior as a whole. Correct Responses to General Questions - By Business Type (2013) General Questions Restaurant Property Owner or Automotive Manager Combined Average Sediment in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 0.0% 20.0% 80.0% 29.4% An illicit or unlawful discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not made up entirely of stormwater. A 66.7% 100.0% 100.0% 91.7% Non - toxic, biodegradable soaps do not pollute stormwater runoff. D 75.0% 75.0% 85.7% 80.0% A key principle for effective stormwater management is to reduce the amount of stormwater runoff. A 83.3% 66.7% 71.4% 75.0% My business has spill kits readily available in case of a hazardous spill. A Adopt 100.0% 57.1° 87.5% 8L8% % ° Vegetation reduces stormwater pollution. A 80.0% 80.0% 85.7% 82.4% Sometimes wash or wastewater from our business ends up in the parking lot, alley, street, or in a ditch. D Adopt 12.5% 16.7% 14.3% 14.3% Areas outside my business are swept regularly with a broom, vacuum or mechanical sweepers instead of pressure washing and letting the waste water go down a storm drain. A Adopt 100.0% 85.7% 100.0% 95.5% My employees have been trained properly on how to clean up hazardous spills. A Adopt 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.00% The trash container area outside is in a contained area and does not leak. A Adopt 100.0i° 100.0 % 100.0% 100.00% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila - Stormwater 2013 Page X31 32 Restaurant Priority Issues The table below includes correct response results for all restaurant questions. The table has been segmented into Priority 1, Priority 2, and Priority 3 Issues based on the 2012 responses. Restaurants % Correct % Correct (2013) (2012) Question Priority 1 Issues Sediment in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D o 0.00/ 0 0.00/ An illicit or unlawful discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not made up entirely of stormwater. A 40.00% 40.00% Non - toxic, biodegradable soaps do not pollute stormwater runoff. D 40.00% 40.00% A key principle for effective stormwater management is to reduce the amount of stormwater runoff. A 40.00% 40.00% External washwater disposal is an illicit discharge. A 40.00% 66.67% Priority 2 Issues Sometimes wash or wastewater from our business ends up in the parking lot, alley, street, or in a ditch. D Adopt 70.00% 70.00% Vegetation reduces stormwater pollution. A 80.00% 80.00% A proper way of disposing cooking oil and grease is through the stormwater system. D 80.00% 87.50% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page l 32 33 Priority 3 Issues My employees have been trained properly on how to clean up hazardous spills. A Adopt 88.90 0 #N /A My business has spill kits readily available in case of a hazardous spill. A Adopt 88.90% #N /A Areas outside my business are swept regularly with a broom, vacuum or mechanical sweepers instead of pressure washing and letting the waste water go down a storm drain. A Adopt 90.00% #N /A Wet mops are properly cleaned and stored. A 90.00% 100.00% The trash container area outside is in a contained area and does not leak. A Adopt 100% #N /A Wash water is disposed of into an internal building drain connected to the sanitary sewer system and not into the exterior stormwater system A Adopt 100% 100.00% The dumpster at my restaurant is always closed after use. A 100% 100.00% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page 1 33 34 Property Owner /Manager Priority Issues The table below includes correct response results for all property owner and manager questions. The table has been segmented into Priority 1, Priority 2, and Priority 3 Issues based on 2012 responses. Property Owner /Manager Questions % Correct % Correct in 2012 in 2013 Priority 1 Issues Sediment in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 20.00% 20.00% My complex has a designated area for residential car washing. A 20.00% 16.67% Non - toxic, biodegradable soaps do not pollute stormwater runoff. D 30.00% 75.00% My business has spill kits readily available in case of a hazardous spill. A Adopt 33.30% 57.14% An illicit or unlawful discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not made up entirely of stormwater. A 40.00% 100.00% Which one of the following three methods is generally most desirable for controlling stormwater: Option 3 - Infiltration, landscaping, and /or reduction of impervious surfaces A 40.00% 14.3% Priority 2 Issues In the last 12 months, my complex has implemented landscaping techniques to improve the absorption of rainwater. A Adopt 50.00% 33.33% Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for polluting stormwater. D 50.00% 100.00% A key principle for effective stormwater management is to reduce the amount of stormwater runoff. A 60.00% 66.67% Vegetation reduces stormwater pollution. A 70.00% 80.00% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 34 35 Priority 3 Issues Areas outside my business are swept regularly with a broom, vacuum or mechanical sweepers instead of pressure washing and letting the waste water go down a storm drain. A Adopt 88.90% 85.71% Sometimes wash or wastewater from our business ends up in the parking lot, alley, street, or in a ditch. D Adopt 88 .90% 16.67% Resident car washings are discouraged on site and suggested alternatives are provided. A Adopt o 80.00/ 0 100.00/ My employees have been trained properly on how to clean up hazardous spills. A Adopt 100.00% 100.00% The trash container area outside is in a contained area and does not leak. A Adopt 100.00% 100.00% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page 1 35 36 Automotive Priority Issues The table below includes correct response results for all automotive questions in 2012 and 2013. The table has been segmented into Priority 1, Priority 2, and Priority 3 issues. Automotive Questions % Correct in % Correct in 2012 2013 Priority 1 Issues Sediment in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 0.00% 80.00% The best way to clean up small quantities of spilled oil is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or absorbent pads and deposit this waste in a garbage can. A 33.30% 62.50% A key principle for effective stormwater management is to reduce the amount of stormwater runoff. A 33.30% 71.43% Priority 2 Issues An illicit or unlawful discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not made up entirely of stormwater. A 50.00% 100.00% Non - toxic, biodegradable soaps do not pollute stormwater runoff. D 66.70% 85.71% Vegetation reduces stormwater pollution. A 66.70% 85.71% Sometimes wash or wastewater from our business ends up in the parking lot, alley, street, or in a ditch. D Adopt 66.70% 14.29% Scrubbing oil and grease spots on concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff. D 66.70% 85.71% When cleaning a vehicle, rinse water, having little soap and dirt, can be safely added to a stormwater drain. D 80.00% 100.00% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page 1 36 37 Priority 3 Issues My Company disposes of all oils, chemicals, and other fluids through an approved disposal facility. A Adopt 83.30% 100.00% If a car or truck in our business is dripping oil, the leak is always contained immediately and fixed in a timely manner. A Adopt 83.30% 100.00% All vehicles, mechanical parts and equipment stored outside are checked for leaks at least once a month. A Adopt 83.30% 100.00% The trash container area outside is in a contained area and does not leak. A Adopt 83.30% 100.00% My employees have been trained properly on how to clean up hazardous spills. A Adopt 100.00% 100.00% My business has spill kits readily available in case of a hazardous spill. A Adopt 100.00% 87.50% Areas outside my business are swept regularly with a broom, vacuum or mechanical sweepers instead of pressure washing and letting the waste water go down a storm drain. A Adopt 100.00% 100.00% All mechanic work is done indoors and under cover. A Adopt 100.00% 100.00% The area where my business washes vehicles allows the rinse water to flow to the proper sanitary sewer system. A Adopt 100.00% 80.00% My business stores all oils, soaps, chemicals, and other materials (like batteries and car parts) under a roof or cover or in a containment area. A Adopt 100.00% 100.00% In my business, all waste, such as the particle dust from sanding or grinding, and all worn out car parts, such as old transmissions, radiators or brake pads, are all stored in a covered area out of the rain until disposed of. A Adopt 100.00% 100.00% ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 37 38 Conclusions 1) The public perception in Tukwila is that the surface water is relatively clean and free of pollutants and up a statistically insignificant amount since 2011. Respondents are indicating that the perception of surface water is, at the very least, moderately clean. 2) Since 2012, two statements shifted their priority status, in both cases moving to a lower level. One moved from priority to one to priority two while the other moved from priority two to priority three. The following are the statements described above: • Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as harmful in stormwater. (Moved from priority one to priority two) • The best way to clean up spilled oil on the driveway is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or paper towels and deposit this waste in a garbage can. (Moved from priority two to priority one) While no other statements shifted priority statuses entirely, many of the statements saw an increased number of correct responses within the same category. The average percentage giving the correct answer within priority one and priority two increased by 3 and 6 percentage points, respectively. This is an encouraging sign that progress is being made in the effort to increase public understanding of stormwater issues. 4. The percentage of Tukwila residents who know to call the Department of Public Works in the event of an illicit discharge went up somewhat to 28.2 %. Compared with the 19.7% who answered correctly in 2012, this is a positive sign. Still, the percentage is relatively low and communications on this topic should continue to be a priority. 5. Priority 1, 2, and 3 issues are presented in the tables under the business survey results section. The Priority issues are segmented by business type. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page 1 38 39 Appendix A: Tukwila Community Survey The City of Tukwila STORMWATER COMMUNITY SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE - JULY, 2013 Hello, my name is and I am a researcher at Hebert Research conducting research on behalf of the City of Tukwila. [IF SPEAKING TO A CHILD] May I speak to someone who is at least 18 years of age? Thank you. [RE- INTRODUCE YOURSELF] Hello, my name is and I am a research assistant at Hebert Research conducting research on behalf of the City of Tukwila. We are asking citizens about an important environmental issue and we would like to include your opinions. All your answers are strictly confidential and will not be connected to your name. 51. [SCREENING QUESTION] Before we actually begin, I need to verify your city. What city do you live in? A. Tukwila B. Other Municipality [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] C. Don't Know [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] D. Refused [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] 1. What is your age? [RECORD NUMBER] 2. Great, thank you. My first question is about the water in our area. I'd like you to rate your perception of the overall quality of the water in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound. By "quality of water" I mean how free it is from pollution. Rate it on a 0 to 10 scale where "0" means the water is "extremely polluted" and 10 means the water is "extremely clean." [RECORD NUMBER] [READ] Now, I'm going to read a number of statements to you regarding stormwater. Some of these statements may be true, they all may be true or they all may be false. If you believe that a statement is true, please say "Agree." If you believe the statement is false, say "Disagree." If you are not certain about the statement and need more information, you can answer with "need more information." If the question does not apply to you or your family, say "Doesn't Apply." Here is the first one. Do you Agree, Disagree or need more information about the following statement: ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page 1 39 40 Responses for each: A. Agree B. Disagree C. Need more information D. Uncertain, Don't Know E. Refused F. Doesn't Apply NOTE: Following each statement, you will see the correct answer indicated by an "A" for Agree or a "D" for Disagree. When the word "Adopt" appears, it means the statement addresses whether or not the respondent has "Adopted the correct behavior. "Do not read the answer when conducting the survey. 3. Drains on city streets for stormwater are connected to the same sanitary sewer system used for treating human waste. D 4. Stormwater runoff is the leading cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands and lakes. A 5. Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound is more the result of industrial dumping practices than individual human activity. D 6. All water going into stormwater drains on the street is treated before being discharged into the environment. D [ROTATE Q7 -Q28] [NOTE: These questions will be asked in a random order to prevent sequencing bias.] [AFTER ASKING THE NEXT NINE QUESTIONS, SAY: You are doing really well. We are halfway through and I'll try to get through this as quickly as I can. Here's the next one, do you Agree, Disagree or Need More Information about this statement.] 7. Hard surfaces such as roads and driveways are not significant sources of pollution in stormwater. D 8. When I am outside with my pet, I always pick up my pet's waste. A Adopt 9. The best way to clean up spilled oil on the driveway is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or paper towels and deposit this waste in a garbage can. A 10. Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff. D ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 40 41 11. If my car or truck is dripping oil, I make sure the leak is fixed within three weeks. A Adopt 12. All of my family's auto or truck parts with oil or grease on them are stored under a roof or cover. A Adopt 13. My household recycles all used motor oil. A Adopt 14. My family stores all containers holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover. A Adopt 15. The runoff from washing a car with biodegradable soap is safe in stormwater drains. D 16. When I wash a motor vehicle at home, the soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the street. D Adopt 17. Washing a vehicle at a commercial car wash causes less pollution than washing a vehicle on the street using a biodegradable soap. A 18. The best place to dispose of water from cleaning a Latex paint brush is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A 19. Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as harmful in stormwater. D 20. Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for polluting stormwater. D 21. Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 22. The downspouts at my house convey the water to an area where it is absorbed by the ground. A Adopt 23. Using a mulching lawnmower reduces the need to fertilize a lawn. A 24. My household stores all yard fertilizers and pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. A Adopt 25. In the past 12 months, I may have applied a higher dose of insecticide or weed killer around my house than the directions say to use. D Adopt 26. In the past 12 months, I may have used more fertilizer or applied it more frequently than the label directions require. D Adopt 27. Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely added to a stormwater drain. D ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 41 42 28. Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt pavement. D 29. An illicit or unlawful stormwater discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not composed entirely of stormwater. A 30. If you witnessed someone pouring a gallon of used paint thinner into a stormwater drain, which agency would you call first to report it: [READ 1 -5] 1. The Washington Department of Ecology 2. The police department 3. The city Public Works Department A 4. 911 5. Need more information 6. I would not report it 7. Don't Know /Refused 8. Other [SPECIFY] That concludes our survey. I want to thank you very much for your time and cooperation. You have been very helpful. Have a good day! POSTCODE GENDER: 1. MALE 2. FEMALE DATE: INTERVIEWER: ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 42 43 Appendix B: Tukwila Business Survey BUSINESS STORMWATER MARKET RESEARCH TUKWILA Initial Target Quota Cells # Sample Category Completes # of Questions 1 Restaurants 7 -9 TBD 2 Property Owners/ Managers 7-9 TBD 3 Automotive Companies 7 -9 TBD TOTAL 21 -27 TBD Hello, may I speak to [INSERT NAME ON SAMPLE]? IF NOT AVAILABLE, ARRANGE A CALLBACK. Hello, my name is and I am conducting research on behalf of the city of Tukwila. We are asking businesses to provide input on important environmental issues and would like to include your opinion. We would like to speak to the individual in your business who is most knowledgeable about how your business deals with garbage, hazardous waste, and stormwater - related issues. S1. Would that be you? 1. Yes [SKIP TO 53] 2. No 3. We do not deal with stormwater issues at all 4. Don't Know /Refused S2. May I speak to this individual? 1. Yes 2. No [SCHEDULE A CALLBACK] 3. Don't Know /Refused [SCHEDULE A CALLBACK] REPEAT INTRODUCTION WHEN SPEAKING TO CORRECT INDIVIDUAL Hello, my name is and I am calling on behalf of the city of Tukwila. We are asking businesses to provide input on important environmental issues and would like to include your opinion. We would like to speak to the individual in your business who is most knowledgeable about how your business deals with garbage, hazardous waste and stormwater- related issues, so you are the person we need to talk to. ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page I 43 44 S3. May I ask you some questions? 1. Yes 2. No [ASK TO BE REFERRED TO CORRECT INDIVIDUAL OR POLITELY DISCONTINUE] 3. Don't Know /Refused [ASK TO BE REFERRED TO CORRECT INDIVIDUAL OR POLITELY DISCONTINUE] 1. Good! Your input is strictly confidential and will not be attached to your name or business. [SHOW NAME OF BUSINESS CATEGORY ON SCREEN] [ENTER NUMBER FOR BUSINESS CATEGORY] You will be in our category labeled: 1. Restaurant 2. Property Owner /Manager 3. Automotive Company 2. My first question is about the water in our area. I'd like you to rate your perception of the overall quality of the water in our rivers, wetlands, and lakes. By "quality of water" I mean how free it is from pollution. Rate it on a 0 to 10 scale where "0" means the water is "extremely polluted" and 10 means the water is "extremely clean. "[READ] What I am going to do is read a number of statements to you. If you believe that a statement is true, please say "Agree." If you believe the statement is false, say "Disagree." If you are not certain about the statement and need more information, you can answer with "need more information." If the question does not apply to you or your business, say "Doesn't Apply." Here is the first one. Do you Agree, Disagree or need more information about the following statement: ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page l 44 45 Responses for each: 1. Agree 2. Disagree 3. Need more information 4. Doesn't Apply 5. Don't Know /Refused 3. An illicit or unlawful discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not made up entirely of stormwater. A 4. Non - toxic, biodegradable soaps do not pollute stormwater runoff. D 5. My employees have been trained properly on how to clean up hazardous spills. A Adopt 6. My business has spill kits readily available in case of a hazardous spill. A Adopt 7. Areas outside my business are swept regularly with a broom, vacuum or mechanical sweepers instead of pressure washing and letting the waste water go down a storm drain. A Adopt 8. The trash container area outside is in a contained area and does not leak. A Adopt 9. Sediment in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 10. Vegetation reduces stormwater pollution. A 11. A key principle for effective stormwater management is to reduce the amount of stormwater runoff. A 12. Sometimes wash or wastewater from our business ends up in the parking lot, alley, street, or in a ditch. D Adopt [INFO: Examples of `wash' or 'wastewater' are the soapy runoff from washing a car, the rinse water from mopping a floor, the dirty water from washing the paint out of a paint brush, water used in a manufacturing process -- generally, water that has something additional in it beyond plain water that you want to dispose of.] 13. [ASK ONLY IF RESTAURANT COMPANY] Wash water is disposed of into an internal building drain connected to the sanitary sewer system and not into the exterior stormwater system A Adopt 14. [ASK ONLY IF RESTAURANT COMPANY] Wet mops are properly cleaned and stored. A ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page l 45 46 15. [ASK ONLY IF RESTAURANT COMPANY] The dumpster at my restaurant is always closed after use. A 16. [ASK ONLY IF RESTAURANT COMPANY] A proper way of disposing cooking oil and grease is through the stormwater system. D 17. [ASK ONLY IF RESTAURANT COMPANY] [AFTER ANSWERING THIS QUESTION, SKIP TO Q 33] External washwater disposal is an illicit discharge. A 18. [ASK ONLY IF PROPERTY OWNER /MANAGER] Resident car washings are discouraged on site and suggested alternatives are provided. A Adopt 19. [ASK ONLY IF PROPERTY OWNER /MANAGER] My complex has a designated area for residential car washing. A 20. [ASK ONLY IF PROPERTY OWNER /MANAGER] In the last 12 months, my complex has implemented landscaping techniques to improve the absorption of rainwater. A Adopt 21. [ASK ONLY IF PROPERTY OWNER /MANAGER] Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for polluting stormwater. D 22. [ASK ONLY IF PROPERTY OWNER /MANAGER] Which one of the following three methods is generally most desirable for controlling stormwater: [READ 1 -3] [ACCEPT ONLY ONE] [AFTER ANSWERING THIS QUESTION, SKIP TO Q 33] 1. A detention pond facility 2. Offsite management, for example in a ditch or larger storm sewer 3. Infiltration, landscaping, and /or reduction of impervious surfaces A 4. Need more information 5. Don't Know 6. Refused 23. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] When cleaning a vehicle, rinse water, having little soap and dirt, can be safely added to a stormwater drain. D 24. ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] My Company disposes of all oils, chemicals, and other fluids through an approved disposal facility. A Adopt 25. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] The best way to clean up small quantities of spilled oil is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or absorbent pads and deposit this waste in a garbage can. A 26. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] All mechanic work is done indoors and under cover. A Adopt ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page l 46 47 27. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] Scrubbing oil and grease spots on concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff. D 28. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] The area where my business washes vehicles allows the rinse water to flow to the proper sanitary sewer system. A Adopt 29. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] My business stores all oils, soaps, chemicals, and other materials (like batteries and car parts) under a roof or cover or in a containment area. A Adopt [ "Cover" means shielded from rain. A "containment area" is a space surrounded by a wall that is constructed to prevent any spilled fluid from passing beyond it.] 30. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] If a car or truck in our business is dripping oil, the leak is always contained immediately and fixed in a timely manner. A Adopt 31. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] In my business, all waste, such as the particle dust from sanding or grinding, and all worn out car parts, such as old transmissions, radiators or brake pads, are all stored in a covered area out of the rain until disposed of. A Adopt 32. [ASK ONLY IF AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY] All vehicles, mechanical parts and equipment stored outside are checked for leaks at least once a month. A Adopt DEMOGRAPHICS 33. What is your title? 34. What is your first name? [NAME I5 CONFIDENTIAL AND NOT REPORTED WITH RESPONSES] That concludes our survey. On behalf of the city of Tukwila, 1 want to thank you very much for your time and cooperation. You have been very helpful. Have a good day! POSTCODE GENDER: 1. MALE 2. FEMALE DATE: INTERVIEWER: ©Hebert Research, Inc. City of Tukwila — Stormwater 2013 Page / 47 48