HomeMy WebLinkAboutReg 2014-06-02 Item 6D.3 - Resolution - Southcenter Design ManualtY
Washington
Resolution No.
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF TUKWILA, WASHINGTON, ADOPTING
THE SOUTHCENTER DESIGN MANUAL.
Attachment C
WHEREAS, the City adopted a new Comprehensive Plan in 1995 to implement the
goals and policies of the Growth Management Act (GMA) of 1990 and the King County
Countywide Planning Policies; and
WHEREAS, the Tukwila Urban Center at Southcenter was designated as one of
the region's urban centers in 1995; and
WHEREAS, per RCW 36.70A.130 the Growth Management Act requires the City of
Tukwila to review and, if needed, revise its Comprehensive Plan and development
regulations by June 30, 2015 to ensure that the Comprehensive Plan and the
development regulations are in compliance with the requirements of the GMA; and
WHEREAS, Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan calls for the Southcenter area to
develop as a high - density, regionally- oriented, mixed -use center; and
WHEREAS, the vision for Southcenter is consistent with Puget Sound Regional
Council's Vision 2040, the adopted regional growth strategy, which provides guidance
to cities for accommodating future growth and preserving resources and rural lands;
and
WHEREAS, under this strategy the majority of the region's employment and
housing growth is targeted to occur in compact, sustainable communities where
housing and jobs are located; and
WHEREAS, Tukwila began a planning process in 2002 to develop a Subarea Plan
and zoning regulations to further support this vision and to retain the urban center's
economic strength in the face of regional competition; and
WHEREAS, Tukwila has held a series of public workshops, open houses, focus
groups and public hearings to gather community input and guidance; and
WHEREAS, notice of the planning effort was provided via direct mailings, postings
on the City website, emails to the broadcast email group, and articles in "The Hazelnut"
and "Tukwila Reporter;" and
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WHEREAS, the Southcenter Subarea Plan and its implementing regulations,
codified in Tukwila Municipal Code Chapter 18.28, have evolved during this public
process to reflect the community's vision and priorities as well as the regional goals;
and
WHEREAS, the Southcenter Design Manual provides policy guidance on site and
building design; and the guidelines support and complement the community vision
described in the Southcenter Subarea Plan, and provide a flexible tool for quality and
innovation; and
WHEREAS, the Planning Commission held a properly noticed public hearing on
August 23, 2012 and after deliberations forwarded their recommended changes for the
Southcenter Design Manual to the City Council; and
WHEREAS, on April 4, 2014, the City of Tukwila issued a supplement to the
Tukwila Comprehensive Plan Environmental Impact Statement (previously issued
October 9, 1995), which analyzed the potential impact of various Comprehensive Plan
Amendments pursuant to the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) (Chapter 197 -11
WAC) and the Tukwila Municipal Code, Title 21; and
WHEREAS, notice was provided to the Washington State Department of
Commerce pursuant to RCW 36.70A.106; and
WHEREAS, the City Council held a properly noticed public hearing on April 14,
2014; and
WHEREAS, the City Council reviewed the legislative record, written and verbal
testimony and approved revisions to the Southcenter Design Manual to address issues
raised by interested parties, individual Councilmembers, and staff;
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF TUKWILA,
WASHINGTON, HEREBY RESOLVES AS FOLLOWS:
The City Council approves adoption of the Southcenter Design Manual, hereby
incorporated by reference as "Exhibit A."
PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF TUKWILA, WASHINGTON,
at a Regular Meeting thereof this day of , 2014.
ATTEST /AUTHENTICATED:
Christy O'Flaherty, MMC, City Clerk De'Sean Quinn, Council President
APPROVED AS TO FORM BY:
Filed with the City Clerk:
Passed by the City Council:
Resolution Number:
Shelley M. Kerslake, City Attorney
Attachment: Exhibit A, Southcenter Design Manual
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City of Tukwila
Southcenter Design
Manual
FINAL CITY COUNCIL DRAFT
05/12/2014
Exhibit A
341
342
Southcenter Design Manual
Table of Contents
Introduction i
Site Design Elements
1. Site Design 1
2. Service areas and mechanical equipment 3
3. Lighting 6
4. Walls and Fences 7
5. Open Spaces 10
Building Design
6. Architectural Concept 12
7. Entrances and Doors 13
8. Building facade — Base and Top 17
9. Corner Treatments 23
10. Building massing 24
11. Building details and elements 32
12. Building Materials and Colors 35
13. Windows 40
14. Weather protection 43
15. Blank Walls 46
16. Parking Structures 48
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INTRODUCTION
Purpose
The Southcenter Design Manual provides policy guidance on site and building design. The guidelines support
and complement the community vision described in the Southcenter Subarea Plan, and provide a flexible
tool for quality and innovation. This document is intended to supplement and expand upon the design
requirements found in Chapter 18.28 Tukwila Urban Center (TUC) Zoning standards.
This document provides City staff, the Board of Architectural Review (BAR), and the public a common basis
for the evaluation of design and development issues during the design review and approval process. The
Manual does not specify a particular style of architecture or design but is intended to guide applicants in
creating an appearance of greater consistency and design quality within the Southcenter District.
Organization
The Southcenter Design Manual is organized by design topic. The general structure is:
1. DESIGN TOPIC (E.G. WINDOWS)
Intent Statement
• Provided to guide the application of criteria to differing site circumstances in a consistent manner.
Design Criteria
A. Design Criteria: General requirements to be met by development
1. Example measures that guide development design to meet the design topic intent and design
criteria above. Graphic and written descriptions are provided.
For each Design Topic there are one or more Design Criteria, which can be general in nature. The Design
Criteria explain the requirements for development proposals. They are the decision criteria by which the
Director or Board of Architectural Review will decide whether to approve, condition or deny a project.
The examples and explanations beneath, which augment each Design Criteria, provide guidance to the
project applicant developing the project, to City staff in reviewing a project proposal, and the decision maker
in determining whether the project meets the Design Criteria. These are intended to provide guidance and
possible solutions for the criteria but should not be seen as the only solution. There may be specific
requirements to include or avoid.
Photographs and illustrations appear beneath the item they are intended to explain.
Interpretation
Where the word "shall" or "must" is used it is intended to be a mandate; and where the word "should" or
"encouraged" is used, it is intended to be a recommendation. In determining the degree of applicability of
design criteria or in case of conflict or site impracticality, priority should be given to criteria related to the
"public realm." Not all criteria will be applicable to every project.
This Manual describes, in clear terms, those features that are to be addressed in the design of projects. It is
evident that the criteria could generate numerous solutions. Varied and imaginative designs are certainly
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encouraged. Photographs are often included as visual examples for design and review purposes. They are
not intended to be specific examples to be replicated.
Where an addition to or expansion of an existing building triggers design review the new construction shall
meet all relevant criteria. In addition limited exterior modifications to the existing structure may be required
to aesthetically unify the new and existing portions of the structure and better meet the design criteria.
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SITE DESIGN /ELEMENTS
1. SITE DESIGN
Intent
• To encourage site design in which the organization is easily understood, appropriate to the area,
takes advantage of unique opportunities, and is a positive element in the architectural character of
the District within which it is located.
Design Criteria
A. Design sites to take advantage of special opportunities and mitigate impacts while
demonstrating a unifying organization that accomplishes the following goals:
1. Facilitate better traffic circulation by connecting through streets, where applicable.
2. Provide a safe, convenient, and connected pedestrian access system. For example, redevelopment
of a superblock site should strive to create a pedestrian - friendly environment within the internal
layout. In addition to providing any required new streets, this can be accomplished by defining a
network of pedestrian walkways that serve as a "grid ", connecting these walkways to uses with the
site and to the larger street network, and creating smaller parking areas in place of one large parking
lot.
3. Encourage buildings to complement adjacent activities and visual character (where desirable).
4. Arrange buildings to enhance the site's street frontages and the overall pedestrian environment.
For example, on sites where large retail stores are planned, small retail shops may be clustered
along the street with parking behind that serves both the small and large retail uses.
5. Incorporate open space and landscaping as a unifying feature.
6. Incorporate screening, environmental mitigation, utilities, and drainage as positive design elements.
7. Incorporate opportunities for joint development of sites where there is potential for common
building walls, shared driveways, landscaping, or other shared facilities.
8. Use site design to take advantage of and /or enhance views of or access to the river, pond,
surrounding hillsides, and mountains, where feasible.
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Good internal circulation
and connections to
adjacent sites
Parking lot landscaping
and buffering
vity4,„:
At,
Pedestrian-oriented Centralized
street frontages
pedestrian space
Use Site Design to break up super blocks.
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2. SERVICE ��0hMECHANICAL ������������
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Intent
• Minimize the potential negative impacts of service elements through thoughtful siting and screening
while meeting functional needs
Design Criteria
A. Service element Iocation and design.
Provide designated areas for service elements (refuse and disposal) that meet the following standards:
Locate service elements to minimize the negative visual, noise, odor, and physical impacts to the
street environment, adjacent (on and off-site) residents or other uses, and pedestrian areas. All
service entrances and associated loading docks and storage areas should be located to the side or
rear of the building unless all facades face a public street in which case locate them in the least
visible location or screen them with landscaping. If possible integrate service enclosures into the
building itself;
2. Minimizing impacts to adjacent residential units is the highest priority in determining appropriate
service element location and treatment, followed by impacts to office and retail uses;
3. Pave the designated spot for service elements with concrete for durability and ease of
maintenance;
SCREENED
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Appropriate service area Iocation and enclosure example.
4. Enclose and screen service areas visible from any street, pathway, pedestrian-oriented space or
public parking area (alleys are exempt) with a durable wall or fence at least 6 feet high. Use
materials and detailing consistent with primary structures on-site. Acceptable materials include
brickconcreteb|ockorstone;
5. Locate and configure collection points so that the enclosure gate swing does not obstruct
pedestrian or vehicle traffic, or does not require that a hauling truck project into any public right-
of-way;
6. When service elements are visible from the street, dwelling units, customer parking areas, or
pathways, soften the appearance of the sides and rear of the enclosure with landscaping
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B. ading Docks and Service Bays: Buildings containing koad| automotive
service bays shall be designed to minimize their visibility from the public realm.
1. Either orient the service bay doors in the direction least visible from the public realm or screen the
doors with walis, trellises or Iandscaping.
I. Framing elements such as trellises and trim around the edges of service bay doors are
recommended to add depth and detail to the automobile scaled facade.
C. Utility meters, electrical conduit, and other service utility apparatus.
1. Locate and/or design these elements to minimize their visibility to the public. Project designers are
strongly encouraged to coordinate with applicable service providers early in the design process to
determine the functional requirements for the equipment and the best approach to meeting these
standards.
2. If such elements must be mounted in a location visible from a street, pedestrian pathway, common
open space, or shared auto courtyard screen them with vegetation or architectural features.
Good and bad utility meter configurations. The examples on the Ieft are consolidated and somewhat screened by
landscaping elements, whereas the right examples are exposed and degrade the character of these townhomes.
D. Rooftop equipment screening.
Screen all rooftop mechanical equipment so that it is not visible from public streets and sidewalks
within 300 feet of the subject property, except from points of view in excess of 10 feet above finished
site grade of the subject property.
. The first preference is to either place the equipment where it is not visible due to roof forms or
parapet walls.
2. If equipment must be placed where it is visible screen it with elements that are architecturally
compatible with the building design.
3. Design the screening using materials, architectural styles, colors and/or other elements from the
facade to integrate the screening into the building's architecture.
Southcenter Design Manual
4. In the design of screening enclosures, use dimensional increments of window spacing, mullion
spacing, or structural bay spacing taken from the facade composition.
E. Downspouts.
1. Where possible, downspouts should be concealed within walls while meeting the requirements of
plumbing codes and providing for maintenance.
2. The location, spacing, materials, and colors of exposed downspouts, gutters, scuppers, and other
visible roof drainage components should be incorporated into the architectural composition of the
facade and roof; haphazard placement should be avoided. Half round gutters and round
downspouts are recommended as a type appropriate for most architectural styles. Corrugated
downspouts should not be used.
Screening example of rooftop mechanical equipment.
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3. LIGHTING
Intent
• To design site lighting that accents the architecture, improves safety and avoids impacts to adjacent
properties and passersby.
Design Criteria
A. Design site lighting to promote safety as well as enhance the nighttime appearance of buildings
and landscaping.
I. Commercial buildings and landscaping can be illuminated indirectly by concealing light features
within buildings and landscaping to highlight attractive features and avoid light intrusion into
neighboring properties.
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2. Bollard mounted Jighting and stair Iighting are recommended for tow-Ievel illumination of walkways
and Iandscaped areas.
3. Illuminate public entrances at night to enhance safety and visibility.
B. Avoid glare from unshielded or undiffused light sources.
1. Small decorative "glow" elements within a luminaire such as bollard mounted Iighting or stair
lighting are permitted to emit a low amount of light above the horizontal.
2. Prevent spillover light and glare from being visible to pedestrians, motorists, and nearby residential
dwelling windows through shielding and careful placement. Glare can create a major safety hazard
for motorists.
3. Illumination levels offapadeup|iohting, roof wash lighting and landscape up|ightingshould use
lower brightness Ievels where the illuminated facades, roofs or landscaping face residential
buildings, except across wider streets or boulevards with landscaped medians and street trees.
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4. WALLS AND FENCES
Intent
• To design walls and fences that are compatible with the building, improve the appearance of the site
and improve safety.
Design Criteria
A. Design walis and fences to create a sense of entry and enhance the street frontage.
1. Frontage walls may occur as garden walls, planter walls, seat walls, or low retaining walls. Seating
vvaUsshOu|dbebetvveenI5"'28"inheightondarnininnunnoflO"vvidetopnovidecornfortab|e
seating.
Z. Entn]nCeS8ndped2Gtri8n"g8Levvays"should be announced by posts or pilasters, and may be
combined with trellises, specia Iandscaping, decorative Iighting, public art or other special
features.
Low walls as a transitional, decorative elemen to soften the wall.
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Low wa Is with landscaping to separate public space om semi-private space.
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Decorative masonry and stone wafls to define space.
B. Design walis and fences to screen unsightly portions of the site and enhance security.
Screening fences and walls should be constructed of materials that are compatible with the
architecture and character of the site. Natural colors, a cap or top articulation, and related
dimensional post spacing increments should be used at screening fences to enhance compatibility.
Z. All walis should have a cap and base treatment.
3. Design elements should be used to break up long expanses of uninterrupted screening walls, both
horizontally and vertically. Walls should include design elements such as textured concrete block,
interlocking "diamond" blocks, formed concrete with reveals, or similar materials. Landscape
materials should also be used to provide surface relief.
4. Use of security fences should be minimized, and Iimited to special Iocations where additional
security is necessary. Such security fences should not exceed 6 feet in height.
5. Security fences should be designed to maintain a visually open character to the extent possible.
This may be accomplished by using metal picket or open grille fencing or by mounting metal picket
or open grille fencing on top of a Iow masonry wall.
6. Seek Fire Department review and approval for all bollards protecting Fire Department equipment.
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Good screening wall examples. Landscaped trellis wall as a visual screen (left). The trash enclosure (right) uses a
decorative pattern of concrete blocks and metal doors that complement the architecture of the adjacent building.
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5. OPEN SPACE
Intent
• Provide safe, attractive, and usable open spaces that promote pedestrian activity.
• Create open space that enhances the setting and character of residential, commercial, and mixed -use
development.
Design Criteria
A. Pedestrian Space Design Guidelines (for commercial uses).
1. Provide a variety of seating options, including benches, seating steps, planters, landscaping
features, or low walls. When designing seat walls with straight edges of more than six feet in
length, add detailing that will prevent damage from skateboards.
2. Provide areas of sun and shade for year -round climatic comfort, and, where desired, shelter and
night lighting to encourage public activity and ensure safety.
3. Include specimen trees and seasonal plantings.
4. Landscaping should not act as a visual or physical barrier to adjacent sidewalks.
5. Include artwork, water features, trellises or shelters, and decorative paving in pedestrian spaces.
6. Public gathering places should be equipped with 115- and 220- volt outlets as appropriate for
entertainment or commercial use.
7. Detail public gathering places and other publicly accessible areas with decorative, pedestrian -
scaled site furnishings and equipment such as seating, freestanding planters, ornamental solid
waste and recycling receptacles, bike racks, drinking fountains, pergolas, trellises, heaters,
umbrellas, wind screening, and decorative bollards.
8. Components of site furnishings should be made of durable high quality materials such as painted
fabricated steel, painted cast iron, painted cast aluminum, and integrally colored precast concrete.
Recycled materials should be used so long as the finish or look of the material is consistent with or
similar to the finishes prescribed above. Metal surfaces should be coated with highly durable
finishes such as aliphatic polyurethane enamel.
9. Landscape structures and sculptural objects in pedestrian spaces should reference the human scale
in their overall massing and detailing.
B. Private open space for residential units.
1. Create privacy between units with balconies either structurally or having at least 10 feet horizontal
space between balconies.
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C. Common open space for residential units.
Provide individual entries onto common open space from adjacent ground floor residential units.
Small, semi-private open spaces for adjacent ground floor units that maintain visual access to the
common area are encouraged to enliven the space. Use Iow walis or hedges (Iess than 3 feet in
height) to provide clear definition of semi-private and common spaces.
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Common open space examples that integra e semi-private spaces with direct unit access to the common apen
space.
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BUILDING DESIGN
6. ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT
Intent
To encourage building design in which the organization is easily understood, appropriate to the site,
and is a positive element in the architectural character of the District within which it is located.
Design Criteria
A. Develop an architectural design expression that unifies the massing and components of a
structure or structures on a site into a cohesive and consistent thematic or stylistic architectural
character or style that is responsive to the functional requirements of the development.
1. Example of axial symmetry, or more formal design organization, in a multi-family building.
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2. Example of asymmetry, or more informal composition, in a commercial building.
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7. ENTRANCES AND DOORS
Intent
• Ensure a welcoming public face to buildings with well designed, appropriately scaled, and easy to
find entrances.
• Entrances should be vsuaIIy prominent features in the design o[abuilding.
• Design retail and commercial entries to create an open atmosphere that draws customers inside, and
residential entries that are welcoming and provide a graceful transition between the public and
private realm.
Design Criteria
A. Primary entrances are among the most visible and characteristic features Ufa building. Locate
and design the main entrance door(s) and the surrounding frame to represent the overall style
and architectural character ofthe building.
1. The primary entrance may be:
a) marked by a tailer mass above, such as a modest tower or portico (roofed entrance supported
by columns) that protrudes from the rest of building surface;
b) accented by special architectural elements, such as columns, overhanging roofs, a permanent
architectural canopy utilizing materials from the primary buliding, projecting canvas or fabric
awnings, and ornamental light fixtures;
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Examples of permanent architectural canopies
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Southcenter Design Manual
C\ indicated by a recessed entry opening onto the public sidewaik or a forecourt. This design could
be incorporated into commercial residential, or mixed-use buildings. Recommended treatments
include special paving materials such as ceramic tile; ornamental ceiling treatments (for recessed
entries), such as coffering; decorative Iight fixtures; and decorative door pulis, escutcheons,
hinges, and other hardware.
A recessed entry could be fully enclosed from above or could come in the form of a forecourt (right image)
2. Residential developments may use the foliowing entry treatments:
a) Stoop. A stoop is an entrance stairway to a residence typically constructed close to the sidewalk.
Stoops may feature a portico entrance at the top of the stair. Multiple stoops may be combined
to increase the scale of the entrance. Setback areas are typically Iandscaped.
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Stoops
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Stoop examp es.
b) Porch. A porch is a roofed space, open along two or more sides and adjunct to a building,
commonly serving to shelter an entrance and provide a private outdoor space appended to a
residence. Porches may serve multiple entrances. Setback areas are typically Iandscaped.
Porch
^
c) Front door. A front door features a residence's main entrance with a deep setback, creating a
gracious open space along the property frontage. Setback areas are typically Iandscaped. Special
paving should be used to enhance and define the entrance.
3. Ground floor multi-family residential units should have dedicated entrances wherever possible.
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30uthceo{er Design Manual
B. At mixed-use buildings, clearly distinguish entrances to residential, office or other upper story
uses from retail entrances.
Residential entries distinguishable from commercial entries.
I. Use different materials, building forms, door styles, and/or building perforations in
retail/commercial spaces than residential entrances.
Z. Accent the entrance with architectural elements such as clerestory windows sidelights, and
ornamental Iight fixtures, and identify it with signage and/or address numbering.
3. The entrance may be recessed into a vestibule or Iobby distinguishable from storefronts.
C. Secondary Entrances: Design side or rear building entries to be consistent with but visually
secondary to main entrances.
Side or rear entries (left) sh
be consistent, but secondary to the primary entrance (right).
1. Use materials and proportions to architecturally relate the side or rear entry to the design of the
front entry.
2. Secondary entries should be enhanced with detailing, trim and finish consistent with the character
of the building.
3. Large multi-tenant buildings may have multiple main entrances.
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8. BUILDING � - BASE AND ����
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Intent
• To ensure that individual elements of a fagade relate to the fagade's overall design, articulation, and
organization.
� To reduce the scale of large buildings.
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Encourage prominent rooflines that give buildings an attractive and distinctive top, contribute to the
character of the area, and are consistent with the type of building function and uses.
r
Encourage the use of sloped roofs for residential buildings to shed rain and snow and provide shelter.
Design Criteria
A. Create a building base where the horizontal articulation of the lower part of a building faade's
design establishes a human scale for pedestrian users and passers-by, and aesthetically "ties" a
building to the ground.
1. Provide a building base treatment at both of the following scales on commercial buildings:
a) At the scale of the pedestrian (i.e. within the ground floor portion of the faade), a base
treatment should be created at a height between nine inches and six feet.
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Examples of pedestrian-scaled building base treatments. Note the tilework below the storefront window in the left
image, concrete base in the middle and right images.
b) For multi-story buildings, at the scale of the building the facade of the entire ground floor (or up
to the second floor, depending on the height of the building) should be designed to read as a
base that "anchors" the building (i.e., the portion of the facade above) to the ground.
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Southcenter Design Manual
Base treatment examples for multi-story buildings.
Z. Create the buiding base by any one or more of the foliowing treatments:
a) /\ horizontal projection (orvisiblethick8ning) ofthevx6U5urface,vvhiChnnayb8acconnp8nied by
a change of material and/or color; this may be an exterior version of a "wainscot."
b) A material and/or color change of the base wall relative to the building wall above. The base
material should be heavier (e.g. of darker color and/or a heavier or more permanent material)
than portions of the building above.
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Examples of color and material changes to differentiate base of building
c) A horizontal architectural line or feature at or below the top of the first story, such as a belt
course, protruding horizontal band or secondary cornice (related to or repeating the pattern of
an upper cornice) separating the first two floors.
d) At non-residential buildings a ground level arcade with coiurnns may be used to create a building
base. Column spacing should be regular, and related to the structural bay increment of the
building.
B. Create a "top" on buildings through a substantial horizontal articulation of the facade at the
uppermost floor of the buliding to provide an attractive faade skyline and complete the upper
facade composition.
I. Architecturally integrate this "cap" with any sioping roof volume (if used) that occurs above the
eave line.
2. Rooflines should reflect the architectural style of the building and be a distinctive design element.
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Pitched and contnuous sioping roof fornis (i.e. without flat horizontal portions) induding gable,
hip, and pyramidal roofs are encouraged.
Examples of pitched rooflines
4. Roof surfaces should be punctuated with varying roof forms to break up large massing of roof
surfaces and/or to provide opportunities to daylight interior spaces.
Examples of varying roof forms
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5. Ornament flat or shallow pitched roofs with shaped parapets, caps, or cornice treatments.
a) The primary cornice should be decorated or bracketed with parapets, finials, or simple
decorative panels or molding.
b) An architecturally profiled cornice and/or expressed parapet cap should be used to terminate
the top of the parapet wall.
c) Surface mounted cornices, continuous shading elements, or trellises should be used to
strengthen a parapet wall design.
d) Sheet metal parapet caps or coping should provide a formed (compound folded) overhanging
edgeternninationandaheavygagesheetnneta|thicknessse|ectedtnavoid"oUcann/no^
distortion. Single layer, flush sheet metal parapet caps should not be used. Finish should either
be of an unpainted ornamental metal such as copper, or painted to match adjacent wall surface.
Unpainted galvanized metal should not be used.
6. Roof overhangs for both flat and sloping roofs are encouraged to add depth, shadow and visual
interest.
a) Vertical roof edge fascia over eighteen inches in height should be subdivided or accented by
additional horizontal Iayers, stepbacks, trim, and other detailing.
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Southcenter Design Manual
b) Brackets and corbels (i.e. decorative supporting pieces designed to bear the weight of projected
overhangs), or other expressed roof overhang supports (whether structural or nonstructural) are
encouraged to add richness to detaihng. The spacing module of repeating supports should
relate to the building's structural bay spacing or window mullion spacing.
c) The soffit (i.e. the underside surface of the roof overhang) should be designed as a visible
feature and incorporated into the overall architectural composition. Soffit beams, coffers, light
fixtures and other design articulation are encouraged.
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Southcenter Design Manual
Top or "cap" examples — various cornice lines.
Top or "cap" examples: Vertica modulation plus combined with changes in materials and detailing (left).
Distinctive sloped roof form (right).
Top or "cap" examples — horizontal modulation (upper level stepbacks).
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9. CORNER TREATMENTS
Intent
• To emphasize the importance of intersections through special design elements.
Design Criteria
A. Emphasize building corners at important intersections with a distinctive building element.
1. Appropriate building elements include:
a) Corner towers which are created by articulating a separate, relatively slender mass of the
building, continuing that mass beyond the height of the primary building mass, and providing
the top of the mass with a recognizable silhouette,
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b) Projecting or recessed corner entrances with a distinctive roof or canopy element,
c) Distinctively shaped bay windows or balconies.
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10. BUILDING MASSING
Intent
• To ensure, through horizontal and vertical modulation, that the apparent height and length of a
building maintains the desired human scale and character for the Southcenter area.
� To reduce the scale of large buildings
• To encourage the design of building faades which incorporate interesting architectural details that
add variety to the facade, animate the street presence, and are attractive at a pedestrian scale.
Design Criteha
A. Facade articulation — commercial and rnixed-use building facades. Employ at Ieast three of the
following features at intervals no greater than specified by the applicable corridor type to
reduce the perceived scale of buildings and add visual interest:
1. Window fenestration patterns and/or entries;
Z. Use of weather protection features;
�
Use of vertical piers or columns;
4. Change in roofline form;
5. Change in building material or siding style
6. Vertical elements such as a trellis with plants, green wall, or art element;
7. Providing vertical building modulation of at least 12 inches in depth if tied to a change in roofline or
a change in building material, siding style, or color;
8. Other design techniques that effectively reinforce the pattern of small shopfronts and/or
effectively reduce the perceived scale of the building and add visual interest.
9. Alternative designs will be considered provided such techniques effectivety reduce the perceived
scale of the building and add visual interest from aU observable distances. The City shall consider
the following in determining whether the treatment meets the intent of the guidelines:
a) Types of materials used and how they help to achieve the intent;
b) The type of articulation treatments and how effective they are in meeting the intent;
c) How effective the articulation treatments respond to the site's context and visibility (for
instance, side streets warrant greater fiexibility than primary streets where fagades are more
visible).
37 manuaLcuunu|nna|.doc 24 03/25/2011
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Entries and fenestration patterns
-------''- Vertical piers/columns
--Weather protection elements
Facade articulation example
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For retail facades, one way of meeting the articulation provisions is to design individual storefronts or increments to
Jook like separate buildings. Facades in these examples use different materials, colors, fenestration techniques,
rooflines, and weather protection elements.
Facadeardcu ation examples for multi-story buildings. The ground leve commercial facades employ entries and
fenestration techniques, vertical piers, and weather protection elements.
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Unacceptable fa ade articulation techniques. Both examples use some articulation features, but they are
insufficient in meeting the intent of the guidelines.
B. Facade articulation — multifamily building facades. This includes single purpose multifamily
buildings and residential portions of mixed-use buildings. Employ at least three of the following
features at intervals no greater than specified by the applicable corridor type to reduce the
perceived scale of buildings and add visual interest:
1. Window fenestration patterns and/or entries;
2. Vertical building modulation. Minimum depth and width of modulation is 18 inches and four feet,
respectively, if tied to a change in color or building material and/or roofline modulation. Otherwise,
the minimum depth and width of modulation is 10 and 15 feet, respectively. Balconies may be used
to meet the modulation if they are recessed or p jectedfronnthefagadebyat|east18inches.
]u|ietba|cnnies,andotherba/con)esthatappeortnbe"tacked'on"tothefacadevvU/notquaUfvfor
this option unless they employ high quality materials and add visual interest to the facade;
3. Change in roofline;
4. Change in building material or siding style;
5. Building elements such as bay windows, porches, canopies, chimneys, or other repetitive features
that effectively articulate the facade;
6. Other design technique that effectively reduces the perceived scale of the building and adds visual
interest.
7. Alternative designs will be considered provided such techniques effectively reduce the perceived
scale of the building and add visual interest from all observable distances. The City shall consider
the following in determining whether the treatment meets the intent of the guidelines:
a) Types of materials used and how they help to achieve the intent;
b) The type of articulation treatments and how effective they are in meeting the intent;
c) How effective the articulation treatments respond to the site's context and visibility (for
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instance, side streets warrant greater fiexibility than primary streets where fapades are more
/
30' max.
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30' max.
30' max.
4".
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Multifamily facade articulation example.
Examples of multifamily facade articulation.
C. Major Vertical Modulation Increment. Incorporate at Ieast one of the foliowing design
elements at intervals no greater than specified by corridor type to reduce the perceived scale of
buildings and add visual interest:
1. Provide m jorvertica|buUdinOnnodu|atinnat|eastlOfeotdeepand2Ofeetwide. Such
modulation may be recessed from the wall or project from the wall. For multi-story buildings the
modulation must extend through more than one-half of the building floors;
2. Use ofa contrasting vertical modulated design component featuring all of the foliowing:
a) Component extends through all floors above the first floor fronting on the street. Exception:
upper floors that are stepped back more than 10 feet from the facade are exempt;
b) Utilizes a change in building materials that effectively contrast from the rest of the facade;
c) Component is modulated vertically from the rest of the fagade by an average of 6 inches; and
374CDesignMa nual_Cound|Rnaidocx 28 03/25/014
d) Component is designed to provide roofline modulation; or
3. Facade employs building walls with contrasting articulation that make it appear like two distinct
buildings. To qualify for this option, these contrasting facades must employ both of the following:
a) Different building materials and/or configuration of building materials; and
b) Contrasting window design (sizes or configurations).
4. Alternative treatments will be considered provided the design meets the intent of the guidelines.
Elements to consider are the level of detailing, quality of building materials, types of articulated
features, and integration with/or enhancement of, the surrounding context (considering views
from all publicly observable locations within the area).
X = Maximum modulation increment is specified by corridor
Southcenter Design Manual
MEETS REQUIREMENT
DOES NOT MEET
REQUIREMENT
``--
Major vertica building modulation
(at least 10' deep by 20' wide)
MEETS REQUIREMENT
Illustrating Major Vertical Modulation Increment standards.
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The above examples do not meet the modulation increment standard. In the Ieft image, the modulated
features aren't enough to mitigate the continuous massing of the upper level of the building. The right image
includes small scale vertical modulation, but over an extensive width, it isn't sufficient enough to effectively
reduce its perceived width.
Acceptable examples. The Ieft image meets the criteria for (2) abov for a contrasting vertical modulate
design component. The right image meets the criteria for (1) above for vertical building modulation at least
10 feet deep and 20 feet wide.
�
�
Acceptable examples. Both Iarge scale retail examples above use major vertical building odulation features
(1) and most or all of the features of a vertical modulated design component (2).
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Acceptab|e"alternative"examp|es. The left image includes five articulated facade intervals — with the central
component using different materials, fenestration, and roofline modulation. The right image uses a combination of
vertical and horizontal modulation and a change in building materials to meet the intent of the standards.
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� � BUILDING DETAILS AND ELEMENTS
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Intent
• To encourage the incorporation of design details and small-scale elements into building facades that
are attractive at a pedestrian scale.
Design Criteria
A. Employ detail elements from each of the three categories below on faades facing a street,
featuring a customer entry, or featuring the primary residential entry. For non-residential and
mixed-use buildings include at Ieast one detail from each category within each faade
articulation increment (see TMC 18.28.200) and for residential buildings include at least two
detail features from each category within each articulation increment. For example, a
residential building with 120 feet of Street frontage with a facade articulated at 30-foot
intervals will need to include two of the detail elements from the three categories below within
each of its four facade segments.
Window and/or entry treatment:
a) Display windows divided into a grid of multiple panes;
b) Transom windows;
c) Roll-up windows/doors;
d) Other distinctive window treatment that meets the intent of the standards;
e) Recessed entry;
f) Decorative door;
g) Landscaped trellises or other decorative element that incorporates landscaping near the building
entry; or
h) Other decorative or specially designed entry treatment that meets the purpose of the standards.
2. Building elements and facade details:
a) Custom-designed weather protection element such as a steel canopy, cloth awning, or
retractable awning;
b) Decorative, custom hanging sign(s);
c) Decorative building-mounted Iight fixtures;
d) Bay windows trellises, towers, and similar elements; or
e) Other details or elements that meet the intent of these standards.
�. Building materials and other facade elements:
a) Use of decorative, high quality building materials. Examples include decorative use of brick tile,
or stonework;
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b) Artwork on building (such as a mural) or bas-relief sculpture;
c) Decorative kick-plate, pier, beltcourse, or other similar feature;
d) Hand'craftedrneteria|,suchasspeda|vvroughtironorcarvedw/ood;or
e) Other details that meet the purpose of the standards.
4. "Custom," "decorative," or "hand-crafted" elements referenced above must be distinctive or"one'
Of-a-kind" elements or unusual designs that require a high level of craftsmanship.
5. Alternatives will be considered provided the number, quality, and mix of details meet the intent of
the standards.
Detail examples: keftlmna0e=Distnctiveolass r feature, steel weather protection element, decorative
neling, and decorative tilework. Right image = Decorative door and decorative mosaic tilework.
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Elm
Detail examples: Left image = Steel and glass weather protection and large openable window, decorative lights, and
colorful mural. Right image = Distinctive large glass patterned curtain-wall, decorative masonry, and decorative
wood component.
,
Detail examples: Left image = Display windows divided into a grid of multiple panes, custom weather protection,
decorative masonry, and decorative Iighting. Right image (residential building) = Decorative weather protection
over the entry, decorative masonry, and decorative Iights.
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12. BUILDING MATERIALS AND COLORS
Intent
• Utilize durable, high quality exterior building materials that contribute to the overall appearance and
longevity of the building, as well as co/ors and textures that reflect the local setting and further
articulate the building design.
Design Criteria
A. Use of natural materials that reflect our Northwest setting such as stone, local woods like cedar
and fir, and functional materials like concrete, brick, and metal are encouraged.
. Descriptive Definitions and usage recommendations:
a) Brick: Full size brick is preferable to thin veneer brick. When used, brick veneers shoud be
mortared to give the appearance of full-depth brick and detailed with wrap-around corner and
bu|lnosepieces.
b) Ceramic tile: Glazed and unglazed tile should be limited in use to a faade cladding or decorative
wall accent material. SimpIe color palettes and design motifs should be used.
C\ Fiber-Cement or Cementitious Siding: An exterior siding product available in planks, panels and
shingles and composed of portland cement, ground sand, cellulose fiber and sometimes clay,
mixed with water and cured in an autoclave.
d) Fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), cast glass fiber composites ("fiberglass"): These materials are
often used in molded reproductions of carved wooden or cast metal architectural
ornamentation such as architectural columns, capitals and bases, cornices, and other trim. They
may be used if their appearance closely approximates the type of painted wood element they
are simulating, and are coordinated in color and composition with the selected architectural
style. They should only be used at Iocations above the reach of pedestrians.
e) Profile, Corrugated, and Other Sheet, Rolled and Extruded Metal Surfaces: Where used, sheet
metal should be detailed with adequate thickness to resist dents and impacts, and should have
trim elements to protect edges. Metal siding shall have features such as visible corner moldings
and trim and incorporate masonry, stone, or other durable permanent materials near the
ground level (first two feet above sidewalk or ground level). Metal siding shall be factory finished
with a matte, non-reflective surface.
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f) Stone (including river stone), stone veneers, cast stone, terra cotta, precast concrete, glass fiber
reinforced concrete (GFRC). Improperly simulated or contradictory finishes (i.e. use of panelized
concrete to simulate a riverstone wall appearance with visible straight-line joints cutting across
individual stones) should not be used.
g) E/FS (Exterior Insulating and Finish Systems): Close attention should be paid to detail and trim
elements for a high quality installation. Very stylized or highly textured surfaces are strongly
discouraged. Joint patterns should be architecturally coordiriated with overall faade
composition. These finishes should be sheltered from extreme weather by roof overhangs or
other methods and weather exposed horizontal surfaces should be avoided.
EIFS should not extend below twa feet above the ground plane. Use concrete, masonry, or
other durable material for wall surfaces within two feet of grade to provide a durable surface
where damage is most likely.
w�~
These two buildings employ EIFS as the predominate siding material, but employ masonry near the ground level
which provides greater durability and contributes to the character of the buildings.
h) Wood: Horizontal sidings such as clapboard and tongue-in-groove; vertical siding such as board
and batten; and other horizontal sidings such as smaller wood shingles may be suitable. The
Iarger, more rustic styles of shakes should not be used. Trim elements should be used for all
wood siding types. Timber detailing and exposed bracing may be appropriate. "T1-11" plywood
panel siding is not allowed.
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i\ Precast Concrete: The ocation and spacing of panel and expansion joints should be incorporated
into the faade composition. Castings should be shaped to form architectural profiles that create
bases, cornices, pilasters, panel frames, and other elements contributing to faade composition
and human scale. Cement type, mineral pigments, special aggregates and surface textures may
be used in precast concrete to achieve architectural texture and variety.
Poured-in-Place Concrete: Long surfaces of uninterrupted concrete walls should not be used.
The use of textured form liners, pigments, stains, and/or special aggregates should be used to
create visual interesting surfaces. At a minimum, the design of exposed concrete walls should
incorporate the location and spacing offornnvvorktie'ho|es, expansion joints and control joints
into the faade composition. The architectural treatment of poured concrete that is used as a
building architectural base should be extended to concrete used elsewhere in the project for
sitework material.
j)
k) Concrete Block: Incorporate a combination of textures to provide visual interest (such as split or
rock-facade units and/or contrasting colored units with plain smooth block can create distinctive
patterns). Decorative treatments such as alternating block courses of differing heights,
contrasting grout colors, alternating surface textures (e.g. precision face and split face) and/or
compositions of colored blocks should be used, along with matching cap and trim pieces. Plain
concrete block fire walls on the sides of a building that are visible to the public are discouraged.
~',11,41�°��
2. Local and recycled building materials should be used whenever possible.
3. If the building massing and pattern of windows and doors is complex, a simple palette of wall
materials, textures and/or colors should be used. If the building volume and the pattern of wall
openings are simple, additional wall materials, textures and articulation may be utilized.
B. Use wall cladding materials appropriate to the architectural style and building type. Authentic
materials and methods of construction should be used to the degree possible.
I. Where simulated cladding materials (e.g. artificial stone to substitute for real stone, or painted
fiber reinforced plastics to substitute for painted wood) are used for reasons of economy, they
should be durable and closely match proportions, surface finishes, and colors of original materials.
2. Fiber-Cement or Cementitious Siding: Planks are an acceptable substitute for wood siding when
used in the formats described above under "Wood." To match the precedents of real wood siding
in the area the spacing of siding should not exceed 8".
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3. Profile and Other Sheet, RoIIed and Extruded Metal: As wall cladding, these wall systems should be
used as a secondary or accent material. A high quality, durable, fade-resistant coating system or
paint such as Kynar, Tnemec, etc. is recommended.
4. Stucco or EIFS: Stucco and EIFS finishes are acceptable finishes for upper stories only at street
exposures on commercial buildings. They should not be used at storefronts. They may be used at
ground floor portions of rear or side service and parking exposures and in such cases should be
specified with high-density materials, with the ground fioor street faade cladding materials
continuing to be used as a building base and accent material.
5. Wall Accent Materials: are recommended to add interest and variety for example, at architectural
elements such as cornices and on portions of buildings or walis. Materials recommended for use as
accents include brick, wood, stone, Fiber Reinforced Plastic, ceramic tile as listed above, in keeping
with the architectural style of the building.
C. Color: Incorporate more than two colors and materials into each building's design. Mono-
chromatic schemes are discouraged. Color choices should include warm rich colors that reflect
and complement the woodlands, water and open sky of the region; weathered wood and
oxidized metal colors retated to industrial and agricultural influences.
1. Primary building colors, used at building walls, freestanding site walls, and other primary building
elements, should be saturated colors to complement Tukvvi|a'sforested surroundings and often
overcast skies. Extremely bright colors should not be used as primary wall colors.
LAWAAA
2. Secondary color should complement the primary building color, and may be a lighter shade than
the body color, or use more saturated hues. Secondary color can be used to give additional
emphasis to architectural features such as building bases or wainscots, columns, brackets, cornices,
capitals, and bands; or used as trim on doorframes, storefront elements, windows and window
frames, railing, shutters, ornament, fences, and similar features.
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II III
111 1111 ]
3. Accent colors may be more saturated in color, orbrighter in tone, and used to highlight special
features such as doors, shutters, gates, ornament, or storefront elements. Bright coiors should be
Iimited to retail establishments, and used sparingly at fabric awnings, banners, window frames, or
special architectural details. A restrained use of bright colors allows display windows and
merchandise to catch the eye and stand out in the visual field.
4. Colors should be compatible with other buildings in the surrounding area. Colors of adjacent
buildings should be taken into consideration.
5. Fluorescent colors should not be used on building materials.
6. At attached residential units, primary and secondary building co/onsrnaycontainvariationoinco|Vr
from unit to unit, to further distinguish the individual identity of each residence.
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13. WINDOWS
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Intent
�
To encourage large expanses of glass across facades to provide daylighting of internal spaces, visual
interest, and access to views while providing a visual connection between activities inside and
outside.
• To provide visual access and interest at the street level through the use of ground level windows.
• To design windows to be in keeping with the character and the architectural style of the building.
�
To relate windows throughout a building's facades in design, operating type, proportions, and trim.
They should be used as architectural elements that add relief to the facade and wall surface.
Design Criteria
A. Use windows as an element which helps to articulate the character of a faade and define an
architectural style.
1. Windows within solid walls (walls not designed as curtain wall systems) should not sit in the same
plane as the wall surface. They should be recessed at least 4", with the wall material turning the
corner at the window jambs, in order to emphasize the wall thickness.
2. Windows should have design and scale relative to the spaces behind them.
3. Window accessories such as window boxes for plants, fabric awnings, etc. should be considered for
additional articulation and interest, in coordination with the selected architectural style and
building use.
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B. Design window frames and sills to be prominent and substantial in order to enhance openings
and add additional relief.
I. The size of elements should be proportional to the glass area framed, as where a larger window
may use commensurately wider framing members.
2. Upper story windows and parking structure "window" openings should be detailed with
architectural elements such as p jecting"|uo"siUs,and/orUntds.
Ornamental framing and hardware provide utilitarian opportunity for craftsmanship and
decoration. This is especially important to avoid an insubstantial appearance common to aluminum
sliding windows; these should be accompanied by well-detailed frame and sill elements.
4. Windows designed as glass curtain wall systems (where they are not treated as a separate element
from the faade system) should be designed with p jecting vertical and/or horizontal mullions, or
other modulating features.
S. "Lug sills" (protruding window sills) should not be formed of rigid foam or other substrates sprayed
with stucco or other wall finish material. They should instead be constructed with a permanent
material such as painted wood, painted FRP, metal, precast concrete, GFRC, terra cotta, or stone.
6. Where multi-pane windows are utUized, specify "true divided Iight" windows or sectional windows.
"Snap-in" muntins (i.e. detachable vertical or horizontal glass plane dividers or glass pane dividers
sandwiched between Iayers of glass) do not meetthe design intent.
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Examples of multi-paned windows
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14. WEATHER PROTECTION
�^"^~ ��"�^�������~� ��~�������"~^^�
Intent
�
To provide additional shelter at the edges of buildings and entrances from wind and rain through the
use of porticos, covered porches, and arcades.
• To improve the pedestrian experience by providing protection from inclement weather.
Design Criteria
A. Design buildings with non-residential ground fioor uses to provide pedestrian weather
protection along adjacent street front sidewalks and open spaces using awnings, canopies, or
buliding overhangs such as porticos, covered porches and arcades.
I. See TMC lU.28.lO0(B)(3) for weather protection requirements for buildings where orientation to
streets or open space is required.
2. Design canopies or awnings with an overhead clearance between 8 to 12 feet.
3. Design weather protection as a permanent architectural element. Relate materials and details to
the building as a whole.
~
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4. Continuous weather protection coverage in pedestrian oriented areas is desirable. Different
methods can be used to accommodate continuous coverage. For a sequence of storefronts or
windows, a sequence of discrete, overlapping awnings or canopies for each storefront or building
bay should be used, rather than one continuous runon awning.
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1. Incorporate weather protection at least six feet deep across the width of shared/common entries.
2. Incorporate weather protection at Ieast three feet deep across the width of individual external unit
entries.
Residential weather protection examples.
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� � BLANK
^`~"^ "°�°�^"^�
Intent
• To encourage the design of building fagades which incorporate interesting architectural details that
add variety to the facade, animate the street presence, and are attractive at a pedestrian scale.
• To enhance the pedestrian environment by avoiding large blank walls visible from public areas and
adjacent properties.
Design Criteria
A. Consider all facades including side and rear facades as visible (unless facing "blind" onto an
adjacent party wall) and treat with an architectural facade composition similar to that on the
building's front.
Blank walis, as defined below, are not permitted facing streets sidewalks, open spaces, or
pedestrian pathways because they do not provide visual interest or human scale.
Z. Use compatible materials on all four sides of the building.
3. Use one of more of the foliowing treatments to address blank walis:
a) The pattern of openings and windows should be carried across windowless walls to add visual
interest and avoid blank surfaces.
b) Install a vertical trellis in front of the wall with climbing vines or plant materials.
c) Provide a planting bed at least 5 feet wide or a raised planter bed at least feet wide by 3 feet
long in front of the wall, and establish plant materials that will obscure or screen 60 percent of
the wall's surface within 3 years.
d) Install a display window per I8.28.200/[1.
e) Provide artwork (a mosaic, mural, sculptural relief, etc.) over a significant portion of the blank
wall surface and illuminate it for nighttime visibility.
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f) Incorporate changes of materials and/or texture in the wall and accent it with architectural
Blank wall definition
A wall (including building facades and retaining walls) is considered a blank wall if:
• A ground floor wall or portion of a ground floor wall over 6 feet in height and a horizontal length
greater than 15 feet and does not include a transparent window or door; or
• Any portion of a ground floor wall having a surface area of 400 square feet or greater and does not
include a transparent window or door.
greater than
400 f |
BLANK WALL 1
greater than
15'
Trellis with vines or
other Onts
Artwork
Landscaping
Blank wall definition and treatment example.
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16. PARKING STRUCTURES
Intent
� To reduce the visual impact of parking structures.
�
To improve the street level presence for parking structures adjacent to streets.
• To integrate the design of parking structures with surrounding development.
Design Critaria
A. Design parking structures which are part of a new development to be architecturally consistent
with exterior elements of the primary structure, including roof lines, facade design and finish
materials.
1. Building massing should conform to the facade articulation and major vertical modulation
provisions of Section 9 (Building Massing). Such structures should be simple but well-articulated in
length and height for pedestrian scale and avoid excessive emphasis on long-span openinQs.
Vertical elements — columns, pilasters, etc should be used to better relate parking structures to
surrounding retail, office and residential structures of similar height.
Z. Special massing should be used to identify main vehicular entrances and pedestrian vertical
circulation.
3. Weather protection such as canopies and other faad&attached elements may serve as ways to
incorporate expressive structural elements typical to Pacific Northwest design character.
4. Facade openings generally cover a high percentage of the facade area. Columns, decorative
screening, and other intermediate members should be used to break down the scale of parking
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Southcenter Design Manual
structure facades.
5. Design security grilles for parking structures to be decorative and architecturally consistent with
the overall design. Chain link fencing is not permitted as a window treatment.
G. Due to their highly visible location, light poles and fixtures at roof parking decks should be specified
or designed as decorative fixtures, architecturally coordinated with the style of the building.
7. Landscaped trellis' in conjunction vvithobovedeSign/artiCu|ation1eChniqueS8neenCOUrag2dasan
effective way to soften the facade and add visual interest.
B. Design ground floors of parking structures that front on Tukwila Pond or public streets in the
TOD and Pond Districts to accommodate future office, retail or residential uses.
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