HomeMy WebLinkAboutSpecial 2015-07-28 Item 5 - Comprehensive Plan Updates - Residential Neighborhoods ElementTUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
DRAFT
Residential Neighborhoods
— PLANNING COMMISSION RECOMMENDED
RESIDENTIAL
NEIGHBORHOODS
WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER:
• A focus on neighborhood sustainability with an eye towards preservation and
development of community - building amenities
• Recognition that the residential neighborhoods in Tukwila each have historically
different development patterns and physical characteristics and in recognition of the
uniqueness, a move away from the one -size fits all approach to development
• Opportunities for new housing products that meet the needs and market realities of
Tukwila's residential population for the next twenty years.
PURPOSE
This component of the Comprehensive Plan contains the goals and policies for land use and
development of Tukwila's residential neighborhoods. It serves as the basis for zoning and
plays a key role in setting City policy, development standards, design guidelines; and
investing of public capital into neighborhood improvement projects.
These goals and policies guide land use patterns, physical development priorities to
preserve and enhance the sense of community in Tukwila's residential neighborhoods.
They support the objectives and strategies outlined in the 2012 Strategic Plan; they are
informed by the Community Conversations and outreach efforts of the 2015
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Residential Neighborhoods
Comprehensive Plan update process and, they build upon the image of neighborhood
quality described initially by the Tukwila Tomorrow Committee in 1994.
This element focuses on land use and development of residential neighborhoods.
Additional aspects of residential neighborhoods are found in other elements of the
Comprehensive Plan, including: Community Image and Identity, Utilities, Transportation,
and Parks, Recreation, and Open Space (PROS).
RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS AND LAND USE
Tukwila's residential neighborhoods are geographic areas, some with distinct boundaries
such as waterways and freeways, and others with less obvious boundaries based on time of
annexation. Tukwila's residential neighborhoods are a mix of smaller -lot, built -out
residential areas predominately built before WWII, large multi - family apartment
complexes built in the 1960's, 70's, and 80's, and newer areas characterized by more
recent, larger houses. New development in the single - family residential neighborhoods
occurs primarily as infill, through re- platting existing residential lots. This often results in
lot orientation or home sizes that are different from existing development. However, just
less than fifty percent of Tukwila residents live in the single - family neighborhoods. The
majority of residents reside in apartment or condominium buildings and any significant
increase in households will be through the development of multi - family units.
From the Comprehensive Plan's adoption in 1994 to the present, Tukwila residents have
described the city as having a distinct character focused on community and livability. In the
1990's, this characterization seemed based in its physical attributes, such as smaller
homes built on smaller lots, homes oriented close to the street, narrow street widths, and
parks and trails. While the physical development has changed in the last twenty years to
meet the City's growth and evolving needs of residents, residents still tend to see the
character of Tukwila's neighborhoods in terms of having a sense of belonging to the
community, easy access to community leaders, and ample trees and parks. Residents take
pride in the City's diversity and its global community while recognizing that this diversity
needs to be supported and that the voices of all residents, both long -term and recently
arrived, need to be heard.
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Commented [LBI]: Staff comments throughout the
document highlight where to find additional /supportive
policies and implementation strategies in other elements
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Residential Neighborhoods
The design of public and private development can enhance or inhibit this sense of
community which is a key to maintaining and strengthening neighborhoods as Tukwila
grows. Without it, Tukwila's residential neighborhoods will lose many of their most valued
characteristics and the public investment will not achieve its goals. Standards to which
public facilities such as schools, parks, and streets are designed should support the
neighborhoods' [physical appearance and safetyl. As infill continues throughout Tukwila,
development regulations may require revision to ensure that they strengthen the character
of Tukwila's neighborhoods, support interaction among neighbors, increase housing
options, and produce new housing that enhances the existing neighborhoods..
Although many choose to make Tukwila their long -term home, Tukwila's residents have
become increasingly mobile over the past two decades. Short -term residency, often called
transiency, is not unique to Tukwila; however it may be felt more strongly given the
relatively small size of the City's residential population. Previously, the transiency of
Tukwila's residential population was attributed primarily to short -term rentals. However,
the transiency of Tukwila's residents is due to several factors. Cost of housing, employment
and employment access, housing size and quality, access to services, and concern for
personal safety may all contribute to lack of residential stability in Tukwila. Residential
transiency may also limit Tukwila's sense of community, and contribute to poor school
performance. The City desires to stabilize residents and supports opportunities for
improved educational attainment, employment, engagement, economic security, and
personal safety.
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Commented [SM2]: Consistent with Strategic Plan, Goal 1
TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Residential Neighborhoods
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TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Residential Neighborhoods
ISSUES
In developing the policies to meet these goals, the following issues were
identified for Tukwila:
Neighborhood Quality
Ideally, the built, natural, and social environments in neighborhoods combine to provide
opportunities for residents to interact, experience nature, enjoy leisure and physical
activities, and to easily access food and other retail opportunities. However, many of
Tukwila's neighborhoods lack sidewalks and paths and other amenities such as retail and
services within walking distance. This limits residents' ability to enjoy their community,
and to get around without a motor vehicle.
Tukwila's current regulations only require the construction of sidewalks for short
plats /single - family development projects of 5 or more contiguous lots. Sometimes, this has
the inadvertent effect of discouraging maximum lot creation due to the increased cost of
infrastructure (i.e., developers may create 4 lots when they have enough land for 5).
Additionally, the Tukwila Community Center is not accessible without a motor vehicle to
most Tukwila neighborhoods. There is no transit service to the area and it is not within
walking or biking distance to most neighborhoods. There are very few other organized
recreational activities available to residents of Tukwila who lack access to a motor vehicle.
Neighborhood Development - Single Family Infill Compatibility
Newer Tukwila homes tend to be larger, and less compatible with existing housing stock.
The average home size is growing, reflecting a nationwide trend. There is limited available
land for residential development in the City, and as such most new development occurs as
infill in existing residential neighborhoods. To accommodate the desire for larger homes,
some vegetated areas are being removed for new development. Encouraging new
development to meet housing targets and residents' needs while maintaining the character
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Commented ILB3]: Condition found in Housing as it
relates more to condition of housing stock. Connectivity
and Infill cover aspects of neighborhood
condition /quality.
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Residential Neighborhoods
and quality of neighborhoods can be challenging. A variety of regulatory tools provide
possible avenues to encourage compatible design without unduly limiting development.
Neighborhood- Supportive Commercial Areas
Commercially -zoned areas within and adjacent to residential neighborhoods provide the
opportunity for residential support services to locate within walking and bicycling distance
to where people live. There are limited neighborhood- supportive commercial areas in
Tukwila. Larger commercial areas, including Southcenter and business along Tukwila
International Boulevard, are located beyond walking or convenient bicycle distance for
many residents. A variety of development regulations and incentives can help to promote
neighborhood- supportive commercial development that is in character with residential
development and can provide transitions from residential neighborhoods to larger
commercial and mixed -use areas.
Noise Abatement
Many residents choose to live in Tukwila for its convenient location and access to services
and amenities. This is underscored by the City's central location in the Puget Sound region,
as the approximate midpoint between Seattle and Tacoma, proximity to major interstate
highways, and proximity to SeaTac International Airport. The challenge is to preserve this
access while buffering the neighborhoods from traffic and commercial encroachment to
enhance desirable community qualities.
GOALS AND POLICIES
These residential neighborhood land use goals are Tukwila's approach to sustaining and
improving residential neighborhoods and supporting continued development that allows
flexibility and predictability to meet the community's need and desires.
Goal 7.1 Residential Land Use Pattern
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A land use pattern that encourages a strong sense of community by grouping
compatible and mutually supportive uses and separating incompatible uses.
Policies
7.1.1 Maintain a comprehensive land use map that supports the preservation and
enhancement of single - family and stable multi- family neighborhoods; eliminates
incompatible land uses; and clearly establishes applicable development
requirements through recognizable boundaries.
Implementation Strategies
• Update the Comprehensive Plan map
• Implement the Strategic Plan
• Continue to apply Development Regulations
Goal 7.2 Neighborhood Quality
Tukwila's residential neighborhoods have physical features that preserve and
strengthen neighborhood character, enhance neighborhood quality, and
foster a strong sense of community.
POLICIES
7.2.1 Maximize neighborhood quality through City actions that help define the City
and neighborhoods as specific "places."
7.2.2 Improve the public infrastructure in all neighborhoods to an equivalent level of
quality, with an emphasis on sidewalks.
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72.3 Include human service needs as one of several factors for evaluating capital and
programmatic needs.
7.2.4 Use urbanization and development to foster a sense of community and replace
lost vegetation and open spaces with improvements of at least equal value to the
community.
7.2.5 Provide adequate support for Code Enforcement efforts to improve and maintain
neighborhood quality and livability.
17.2.61 Strict code enforcement of policies for neighborhood quality, especially
regarding noise and odor.
Implementation Strategies
• Emphasize public health and safety concerns in development design
• Mandate through the zoning code and design manuals, high quality
public facility and private development design for neighborhood
quality
• Continue to work with school districts serving Tukwila students to
ensure school facilities provide quality public spaces
• Continue developing and implementing projects from the Walk and
Roll Plan and Safe Routes to School, with a renewed emphasis on
community involvement and engagement.
• Require sidewalks adjacent to all new development or participation in
a no- protest LID with all new residential development in specified
areas.
• Pursue a program to form neighborhood Local Improvement Districts
and other innovative funding sources for construction of sidewalks.
• Develop a right -of -way manual to provide clear direction to developers
on required improvements as infill development occurs
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Commented [LB4]: Comment from Code Enforcement -
Noise complaints are not enforced by code enforcement.
Police are responsible for noise complaints. Odor
complaints are not enforced by Code enforcement either.
Complaints can be registered with Puget Sound Clean Air
Agency. They have an online complaint form that can be
filed. Not sure what enforcement is like with them.
"Strict enforcement of policies for neighborhood quality"
will need to be spelled out more completely.
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Goal 7.3
TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
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• When possible, create flexible development standards to provide
creative solutions to infill challenges for short plats or smaller
developments when development meets or exceeds the goals
established by the code and neighborhood groups but may not exactly
conform to the written standards.
• Apply the tree code to require site design that minimizes the removal
of significant trees and maintain appropriate tree canopy standards.
• Commit City resources to encourage and facilitate neighborhood
development groups and work parties for neighborhoods interested in
investing time into improvement projects such as clean -up events,
public space improvements, or strengthening social capital through
neighborhood meetings and social gatherings
• Consider a small grant program for neighborhood -based and led
improvement projects
• Explore zoning code updates to address sharing economy uses in
residential areas, including but not limited to short -term vacation
rentals.
• Implement the Strategic Plan, specifically Goal 1 C - Focus City
planning and investments on creating a connected, dynamic urban
environment.
• Develop neighborhood signage in multiple languages to foster a sense
of community in residential areas.
Neighborhood Sustainabilityl
Continuing enhancement and revitalization of residential neighborhoods to
encourage long -term residency and environmental sustainability
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Commented [LB5]: Under current TMC, sharing economy
rentals (such as Airbnb and VRBO) best fit under the
"bed and breakfast" conditional use. This may need to be
updated to better address vacation /short term rentals
if /when they become more prevalent in Tukwila
Commented ISM6]: Replacing Vitality with Sustainability
supports the Strategic Plan goal of "maintenance,
improvements, & diversity in the City's housing stock"
s. (Sense of Community covered in goal 7.4)
TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
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Policies
7.3.1 Utilize both City and non -City funding to directly promote revitalization of
residential neighborhoods.
7.3.2 Decrease greenhouse gas emissions through land use strategies that promote a
mix of housing, employment, and services at densities sufficient to promote
walking, bicycling, transit and other alternatives to auto travel.
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES
• Continued emphasis on existing land use patterns to protect
residential uses
• Investment in public works and infrastructure improvements
• Infrastructure fund support for residential area buffering
improvements
• Subdivision and replatting of large residential lots
• Infrastructure fund incentives for residential rehabilitation and new
construction
• Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)
• Residential Street Program in the CIP
• Development of new single - family homes
• Encourage redevelopment through an informed business and real
estate community
• Invest in public facilities and improvements to encourage
neighborhood identity and private property improvements
• Where feasible, encourage multifamily housing to include space to
garden.
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Commented [SM7]: Required by CPP policy DP -5
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• Require sidewalk and landscape planter for both sides of residential
streets and where appropriate on 2 -lane street improvements.
• Develop and implement a neighborhood traffic calming program
• Require sidewalk and landscape planters in front of all multi - family
developments
• Revise development regulations to create an incentive rather than
disincentive to share access roads that will serve proposed plats and
future adjacent platting
Goal 7.4 Neighborhood Development
Tukwila's residential neighborhoods have a high - quality, pedestrian
character with a variety of housing options for residents in all stages of life.
General Policies
7.4.1 Encourage resident identification with the neighborhood through physical
improvements and programs including neighborhood gathering spots, landmark
designation and improvement, and streetscape improvements.
7.4.2 Ensure that residential development, when applicable, reflects high design
quality in harmony with identified, valued natural and historic features.
Single - Family Residential Development Policies
7.4.3 Support single - family residential in -fill housing that is in harmony with the
existing neighborhood as a means of achieving adequate, affordable, and /or
diverse housing.
7.4.4 Encourage single - family residence design to foster a sense of safety and security.
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7.4.5 Develop neighborhood- specific single - family regulations that encourage compat-
ibility with the existing scale of residential structures in the neighborhood,
provide an appropriate relationship of lot area, building scale, and building
siting, and maintain a sense of community (e.g. mature trees, pedestrian scale,
sensitive transition between public and private spaces).
7.4.6 Support a residential rehabilitation program that provides assistance and
inducements for residents to upgrade and maintain safe, attractive homes and
yards.
7.4.7 Allow home occupations as accessory uses if they have a level of activity
compatible with single - family structures and residential neighborhood goals.
Implementation Strategies
• Revise development regulations at the neighborhood level to reflect
the historic development patterns of neighborhoods and to develop
regulations that best fit the unique development characteristics of
neighborhoods.
• Develop a process for residents to participate in developing
regulations for individual neighborhoods.
• Revise code to maintain standard minimum lot size of 6,500 SF but
allow smaller lot areas subject to design standards that mitigate the
potential negative impacts of smaller lots.
• Review accessory dwelling unit standards to be considered standalone
units or units in attached garages in specific circumstances
• Allow rehabilitation or replacement of existing manufactured and
mobile homes
• Use site design to provide transition between public and private places
• Minimize building setbacks to facilitate neighborhood communication,
and friendly transition areas between street, sidewalks, and dwellings
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• Encourage off - street parking and garage and carport standards that
reduce auto dominance, such as requirements for less visually
prominent garages and /or front yard setbacks for garages
• Develop and implement a City assistance program to address
maintenance needs, regulatory revisions and provide technical
experience and financial assistance
• Provide funding and technical assistance for neighborhood tree
planting and pruning
• Improvements and additions shall meet current codes; minimize the
necessity to bring entire building up to code
• Revise code to allow home occupations in detached garages to support
the development of detached garages.
• Continue Code Enforcement efforts to ensure new development meets
City standards
Multi- Family Residential Development Policies
7.4.8 Support a multifamily residential rehabilitation program that provides
assistance and inducements to owners to upgrade and maintain safe, clean and
attractive facilities.
7.4.9 Support zoning densities that encourage redevelopment of existing multi - family
properties.
7.4.10 Ensure that all multi - family residential developments contribute to a strong
sense of community through site planning focused on neighborhood design
integration; building design architecturally linked with the surrounding
neighborhood and style; streetscapes that encourage pedestrian use and safe
transition to private spaces, with trees reducing the effects of large paved areas;
with recreational spaces and facilities on site; creative project design that
provides a diversity of housing types within adopted design criteria, standards,
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and guidelines; and operational and management policies that ensure safe,
stable living environments.
Implementation trategiesl
• Survey specific assistance needs
• Establish a City- sponsored assistance program to address maintenance
needs, regulatory revisions, and provide technical experience and
financial assistance as appropriate
• Improvements and additions shall meet current codes; minimize the
necessity of bringing entire building up to code
• Develop right -size parking standards to encourage larger units and
fewer paved areas provided the standards meet demonstrated needs.
• Support and enhance Code Enforcement efforts to ensure new
development meets City standards
• Multi- family design criteria, standards and guidelines
• Amend the zoning code to encourage community gardens and other
forms of urban agriculture as part of required recreation space.
• Provide recreational space through on -site locations in new multi-
family developments.
• Explore amending the zoning code to allow densities that promote
redevelopment of aging multi - family properties
Goal 7.5 Neighborhood- Supportive Commercial Areas
Neighborhood - supportive commercial areas, including Residential
Commercial Centers, that bring small commercial concentrations into and
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Commented ILB8I: Support of the Crime Free Housing
Program found in Roles and Responsibilities 15.1
TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
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adjacent to existing residential neighborhoods to improve existing residential
areas while providing products and services to nearby residents.
7.5.1 Link commercial areas located within approximately one - quarter -mile of
residential areas with high - quality pedestrian and bicycle access facilities.
7.5.2 In neighborhood commercial developments, harmoniously reflect the scale
and architectural details of surrounding residential structures, and
encourage non - motorized access.
7.5.3 Employ appropriate design elements to blend in with the character of the
residential neighborhood.
7.5.4 Encourage new construction rather than converting existing residential
structures to commercial uses.
7.5.5 Encourage neighborhood commercial structures to incorporate residential
units at medium densities.
17.5.61 Create a logical and harmonious division between commercial or industrial
uses and residential uses by using changes in topography and through
appropriate development standards, including street design.
17.5.7
Ensure appropriate structural transitions between commercial and
residential zones.
Implementation Strategies
• Zoning Code
• On- street parking along the street front, behind or beside buildings
• Continue to apply multi - family and commercial design guidelines, with
an emphasis on buffering residential uses from commercial and
industrial uses
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Commented ILB9]: From Transportation Corridors
Commented ILB101: From Transportation Corridors
TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
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Goal 7.61 Southcenter Boulevard
A corridor of low -rise offices, residences, with localized commercial uses at
major intersections all of which act as a buffer to the low- density residential
neighborhoods to the north.
7.6.1 Balance the competing concerns of uphill residents for maximum views and the
community-wide desire for contour - hugging design and angular lines of hillside
structures.
7.6.2 Require sloped roof lines along Southcenter Boulevard to imitate the local
topography and residential character.
7.6.3 Provide additional pedestrian connections between residential areas to the
north and Southcenter Blvd.
Implementation Strategies
• Zoning Code
• Continue implementation of the Southcenter Plan
Goal 7.7
Noise Abatement
Residential neighborhoods are protected from undue noise impacts, in order
to ensure for all residents the continued use, enjoyment and value of their
homes, public facilities and recreation, and the outdoors.
Policies
7.7.1 Prevent community and environmental degradation by limiting noise levels.
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Commented [LB11I: Moved from Transportation
Corridors to Neighborhood as a goal for buffering
residential from commercial /traffic.
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Commented ILB12I: Consistent with CPP DP -36,
minimize /mitigate health impacts of MIC on residential
communities
TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
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73.2 Discourage noise levels which are incompatible with current or planned land
uses, and discourage the introduction of new land uses into areas where existing
noise levels are incompatible with such land uses.
7.7.3 Require building contractors to limit their construction activities to those hours
of the day when nearby residents will not be unreasonably disturbed.
7.7.4 Discourage noise levels incompatible with residential neighborhoods.
17.7.5 Encourage the reduction of noise from Seattle- Tacoma International Airport and
King County Airport, by promoting the development of new or the retrofit and
modification of existing aircraft engines which are quieter, and operational
procedures that help reduce aircraft noise emission levels.
7.7.6 Work with the Port of Seattle, King County Airport and
the Federal Aviation Administration to promote the development and
implementation of airport operational procedures that will decrease the adverse
noise effects of airport operations on Tukwila and its residents.
7.7.7 Ensure that urbanization and development do not negatively impact current
neighborhood noise levels, and adhere to Environmental Protection Agency and
Federal Aviation Administration standards.
Implementation Strategies
• Coordinate with the Washington Department of Transportation
• Berming, landscaping, setbacks, tree planting
• Use building construction and siting methods to mitigate noise.
• Develop noise standards for home occupations.
• Lobby the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to develop and
implement airport operational procedures to reduce noise impacts.
• Coordinate with other jurisdictions surrounding airports to ensure
common purpose and implementation strategies.
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Commented ILB13I: Consistent with CPP DP -10, land use
adjacent to airports
TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
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• Work with King County International Airport/Boeing Field to establish
an appropriate noise monitoring system, including better identification
of noisy flight events, counseling /education of pilots about quieter
flying techniques, flight patterns that avoid noise - sensitive areas and
other strategies.
• Continue to implement and enforce Tukwila's
Noise Code
• 'Continue to work with Sound Transit and BNSF to reduce rail noise
and ensure it meets the Federal Transit Administration standards and
continue to work with the Port of Seattle to reduce airport operational
noise and ensure airport operational noise meets FAA standards
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Commented ILB14I: TMC 8.22
Commented ISM15I: Noise level studies have been done
on light rail and airport noise and will continue (light rail
to meet FTP standards and Airport to meet FAA
standards)