HomeMy WebLinkAboutUtilities 2015-09-29 Item 2B - Discussion - NPDES Program / 2015 Surface Water Management Program Survey and Assessment ResultsTO:
FROM:
BY:
DATE:
City of Tukwila
Jim Haggerton, Mayor
Mayor Haggerton
Utilities Committee
Bob Giberson, P.E. Public Works Director
Greg Villanueva, NPDES Coordinator
September 25, 2015
SUBJECT: NPDES Program
Project No. 99341210
2015 Surface Water Management Program Survey and Assessment
ISSUE
Results of the 2015 Surface Water Management Program Survey and Assessment.
WMHOHM
The City's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase 11 general
permit requires that the City measure its citizen's stormwater knowledge and behavior.
The City's Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) has been meeting this
requirement by conducting a series of stormwater survey and assessments. The
outcome of the survey and assessment is used to guide the City's education and
outreach program.
ANALYSIS
For 2015, the City hired Hebert Research, Inc. to conduct a phone survey and
assessment. The survey targeted randomly selected residents of Tukwila. A total of 105
surveys were completed and compared to last year's survey to determine priority
stormwater issues in the City of Tukwila.
Overall, in comparison, Tukwila residents have decreased in the number of correct
responses given to priority 1 issues from 46.1 % in 2013 to 38.3% in 2015. Priority 2
issues decreased from 72.9% correct responses in 2013 to 62.4% in 2015. Priority 3
issues decreased from 88.4% in 2013 to 86.7% in 2015.
The survey findings from 2015 are discouraging since the current education and
outreach items consisted of numerous publications and events. Attached is a copy of
the activities conducted thus far in 2015 and planned activities for the remainder of the
year and January 2016.
RECOMMENDATION
Information only.
Attachments: 2015 Current Surface Water Management Program Education& Outreach Activities
2015 Follow-up Assessment of Citizen Understanding and Adoption of Targeted Stormwater Behaviors
WAPW Eng\PROJECTS\A- DR Projects\NPDES Program (99341210)\SWMP Component Education and Outreach\Survey 2015\1mo Memo 2015 Stormwater Survey - sb.doc
2015 Surface Water Management Program (SWMP)
Education & Outreach Activities
January 2015 Tukwila Reporter Info banner "Learn about Tukwila's Storm and Surface
Water Management".
January 2015 Utility billing insert "Stormwater Flyer" mailed to approximately 5250
property owners (residential and commercial).
Re: Impervious Surface definition and Clean Water Act (NPDES)
compliance message
February 2014 Annual Report & 2015 SWMP Notice & Open House Meeting.
May 2015 SWMP Booth - Backyard Wildlife Festival
July 2015 Utility billing insert "Stormwater Flyer" mailed to approximately 5250
property owners (residential and commercial).
Re:"Stormwater Update: What residents and businesses should know"?
July 22, 2015 SWMP Booth - See You in the Park Event.
July 29, 2015 SWMP Booth - See You in the Park Event.
August 4, 2015 SWMP Booth - See You in the Park Event.
August 26, 2015 NPDES Stormwater Survey, outreach to 105 citizens.
Planned activities for the immediate future include the following:
October 2015 Tukwila Reporter 2015 NPDES Update: Priority I Stormwater Issues
resulting from NPDES survey.
October 2015 Commercial storm drainage inspections including brief educational
discussions with property owner/manager.
January 2016 2016 SWMP Open House Meeting.
Additional activities will be forthcoming in the annual report due to the Department of Ecology in
March.
C:\Users\susan\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content,Outlook\360AGYOJ\2015 Ed and Outreach Activities.docx
IRHEBERT RESEARCH, INC.
"Advancing Knowledge„
City of Tukwila
Follow -up Assessment of Citizen
Understanding and Adoption of Targeted
Stormwater Behaviors
September 10, 2015
Prepared by
Hebert Research, Inc
Research Team Members
Jim Hebert, Senior Research Director
Steven Jeung, Research Analyst
Pha Nguyen, Research Analyst
Ryan Zwirner, Research Analyst
Hebert Research Inc
13629 NE Bel -Red Road
Bellevue, WA 98005
Phone (425) 301 -7447
jhebert @hebertresearch.com
(02015, Hebert Research, Inc
ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
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Table of Contents
Tableof Contents ............................................................................................. ............................... 2
Research Goals and Objectives ....................................................................... ...............................
3
ResearchMethodology .................................................................................... ...............................
5
Geographical Map of Surveyed Area .............................................................. ...............................
8
Explanation of Multivariate Analysis .............................................................. ...............................
9
RespondentProfile ........................................................................................ ...............................
10
Assessment of Water Quality in the Environment ....................................... ...............................
11
Opportunities for Expansion and Focus of Education Programs ................. ...............................
13
Priority1 Issues .............................................................................................. ...............................
14
Priority2 Issues .............................................................................................. ...............................
17
Priority3 Issues .............................................................................................. ...............................
21
Reporting an Illicit Discharge ......................................................................... ...............................
24
StewardshipActivities ................................................................................... ...............................
25
ResearchFindings .......................................................................................... ...............................
26
TUKWILA - Stormwater Community Survey Questionnaire ......................... ...............................
29
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Research Goals and Objectives
Research Goal
According to the Phase U permit, section S5[1, the goal of the education program is to
reduce or eliminate behaviors and practices that cause or contribute to adverse
sLonmvvater impacts. The minimum measures to achieve this include educational
outreach to improve the target audience's understanding of the problem and what it
can do to solve it. The Tukwila residents are cited as the top priority target audience for
education. Each pernnit1ee (City ofTukwila) is required to measure the understanding
and adoption of target behaviors of its citizens and to use measurement to direct the
application of education and outreach resources in the most effective manner.
Specifically, this research will reflect the changes to the NPDE5 permit requirements
that were revised in20l3.
Objectives:
Content areas for research included:
�
General impacts ofstnnnvxaterflows into surface waters
w
Knowledge of the benefit of previous surfaces
w Source control 8K4Ps and environmental stewardship actions and opportunities in
the areas nf pet waste, vehicle maintenance, and landscaping
� BK4Psfor use and storage of automotive parts, hazardous cleaning supplies,
canwash soaps and other hazardous materials
°
Knowledge of what constitutes an illicit discharge and how to report it
°
Yard care techniques relating to protecting stormwater quality and knowledge of
what constitutes pollution in the yard
° 8KAPs for use and storage of pesticides and fertilizers
* 8K4Ps for the disposal of carpet cleaning fluids
� BK8Ps for auto maintenance
�
Impact of illicit discharges
�
How to report illicit discharges
w
Low Impact Development (UD)Principles
• Low Impact Development /L|0\BK4Ps
• Opportunities to become involved in stewardship activities
�
Equipment Maintenance
Prevention of illicit discharges
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Determined the success of the adoption of SWMP's education and outreach
program designed to reduce or eliminate behaviors and practices that cause or
contribute to adverse stormwater impacts and encourage the public to
participate in stewardship activities. These programs include the following:
o The education and outreach program for the area served by the MS4. The
program was designed to educate target audiences about the stormwater
problem and provide specific actions to minimize the problem
• Determined the adoption and success of the programs meant to build general
awareness. The target audience of the programs and the subject areas include
the following:
o The general public, including school age children and businesses
• General impacts of stormwater on surface waters
• Impacts from impervious surfaces
• Impacts of illicit discharges and how to report them
• Low impact development (LID) principles and LIB BMPs
• Opportunities to become involved in stewardship activities
• Determined the adoption and success of the programs designed to effect
behavior change. The target audience of the programs and subject areas include
the following:
• The general public
• Use and storage of automotive chemicals, hazardous cleaning supplies,
carwash soaps, and other hazardous materials
• Equipment maintenance
• Prevention of illicit discharges
• Residents, landscapers, and property managers /owners
• Yard care techniques protective of water quality
• Use and storage of pesticides and fertilizers and other household
chemicals
• Carpet cleaning and auto repair and maintenance
• Vehicle, equipment and home /building maintenance
• Principles and LID BMPs
• Stormwater facility maintenance
• Dumpster and trash compactor maintenance
• Determined the adoption and success of each permittee creating
stewardship opportunities and /or partnering with existing organizations
to encourage residents to participate in activities such as stream teams,
storm drain marking, volunteer monitoring, riparian plantings, and
education activities.
TID ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
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Research Methodology
Sampling Frame
A list containing over 1,500 randomized telephone numbers of city residents was
purchased from a commercial list company. The list company maintains a record of all
telephone numbers appearing in all phone books in the United States. Using the zip
codes covering the study area, the list company drew a random sample of phone
numbers. High density areas have more phone numbers and, by randomly drawing from
the list, the high and low density areas are properly proportioned. The resulting list for
the city was loaded into Hebert Research's CATI (Computer -Aided Telephone
Interviewing) system which randomly selects phone numbers as required during the
interviewing process. Phone numbers were called up to five times at different times
during the day and evening. This helped to assure that the survey was administered to
both those who are easy to reach and those who are more difficult to contact. Similar to
the previous two research projects, Hebert Research sampled 105 residents of Tukwila,
which were weighted back to the 2010 U. S. Census data by age and gender.
The following table represents the sample sizes for years 2011 through 2013 and 2015.
Questionnaire
The survey was created for administration to the general public within the City of
Tukwila. Research questions were developed by Hebert Research with input from the
city. The survey consisted of 31 variables, 28 of them relating directly to knowledge
about stormwater issues and practices respondents had adopted, which protect the
quality of stormwater. The remaining three questions dealt with an overall assessment
of surface water quality, where illicit discharges should be reported, and which of
stewardship activities that Tukwila residents have heard of or participated in within last
year. There were 4 new questions added to the research of 2015. Of the 4 questions,
three questions dealing with knowledge about low impact development practices, the
remaining question dealing with stewardship activities measurement. Hebert Research
completed all interviews using the same interactive voice (telephone) survey
methodology that was utilized in the 2011, 2012 and 2013 assessment for Tukwila.
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Research Controls
Hebert Research applied a variety of controls to help ensure that the research and
analysis reached the highest quality that can be provided. The primary research
controls employed in this study included the following:
Interviewer Training
All interviewers participated in a special training session for this study. During this
training session, the questionnaire was read and o discussion was held regarding the
objectives of the study, screening questions, skip patterns, and techniques for
handling potential problems. Interviewers raised questions and provided their
professional feedback regarding potential interviewing issues.
Pre-test the Survey
After the questionnaire was programmed in our [AT| system, it was rigorously
tested to assure all questions were asked and that data was accurately recorded.
Thirty surveys were conducted during the pretest. The programming was deemed
to be valid.
Conduct Interviews
Following a successful pretest of the questionnaire, telephone interviews were
conducted using 03 CAT| software from 5awtoothSoftxvare, e recognized leader in
computer-aided interviewing. Potential respondents were called on weekdays at
various times throughout the afternoon and evening until 9:UOpm. An appointment
and callback procedure was used when necessary to minimize refusals and a||ovv
respondents to complete the survey at a convenient time. Interviews were
conducted inEnglish.
Monitoring
Telephone interviews were regularly monitored by the data collection supervisor
and were found to be properly conducted.
Internal Peer Review
Hebert Research uses an internal review process called "CERA" (create, edit, review,
approve) which is similar to academic peer review to ensure that each study meets
or exceeds rigorous quality control standards. Through this process, several analysts
review the statistical findings and offer critical feedback designed to increase the
utility of the research and produce a clear and insightful report.
Margin of Error, Incidence and Response Rates
A total of 105 surveys were completed by adults living within the zip codes of
Tukwila. At the 95% confidence level, the rnaxinnunn margin of error for a sample
size of 105 respondents is ±9.7896. This margin of error means that if the survey was
ASSESSMENT op CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
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repeated 100 times, the resulting percentages for each response for the city would
be within ±9.78% (the margin of error) in 9S out of 100 cases for each question.
Over 1,500 phone numbers of residences in the city were included in the sampling
frame. When a resident answered the phone and contact was made, vve asked the
respondent to participate in the survey. The incidence rate represents the percent
of individuals we spoke to who were qualified to take the survey, meaning they
spoke English and reported living within the city. The response rate represents the
percent of qualified individuals we spoke to who agreed to participate and who
completed aninterview. Response rates above 5O.OY6 are higher compared ioother
community-wide surveys and serve to increase confidence in the survey's validity
and reliability. The incidence rate of the surveys was 57.22%; the response rate was
55.83%.
Statistical Weighting
Statistical weighting is a technique that is uonnnnon|y used in research to reduce
sampling error. During the process of data collection, demographic data from the
U.S. Census was obtained to identify population parameters for the survey. Sample
demographics—specifically, gender—was compared with distributions in the
population within each city. Using the same weighting methodology utilized for the
survey of7O11, 2012 and 2013, the collected data was run through a statistical
procedure and found that there is no significant difference between weighted and
un-weighted data. Data in the report for 2O15 uses the unvveighted data.
Use of Findings
Hebert Research has made every effort to produce the highest quality research product
within the agreed specifications, budget and schedule. The customer understands that
Hebert Research uses those statistical techniques, which, in its opinion, are the most
accurate possible. However, inherent in any statistical process is a possibility uferror,
which must be taken into account in evaluating the results. Statistical research can
reveal information regarding community perceptions only as of the time of the
sampling, within the parameters of the project, and within the margin of error inherent
in the techniques used.
Evaluations and interpretations ofstatistical research findings and decisions based on
them are solely the responsibility of the customer and not Hebert Research. The
conclusions, summaries and interpretations provided by Hebert Research are based
strictly on the analysis of the data gathered, and are not to be construed as
recommendations; therefore, Hebert Research neither warrants their viability nor
assumes responsibility for the success or failure of any customer actions subsequently
taken.
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Geographical M of Surveyed A
The map below shows the geographic area from which the sample was drawn. The
survey was administered within the sampling fractal defined by the incorporated area
city boundary ofTukwila.
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Explanation of Multivariate Analysis
The data for the research were analyzed using the chi square statistic to examine
differences between respondents on o regional basis according togender. Responses
for the knowledge questions were first categorized as being either a correct response or
on incorrect response. The incorrect response category was made upnf wrong answers
plus responses classified as "need more information," "don't know/refused," and "not
app|icab|e." Following classification, the chi square test was executed. For the
questions dealing with the actions of the respondents, those who said the action did not
apply to them were eliminated from the data set. Following their removal, the
categories were classified as being "correct" or "incorrect" with the "incorrect"
classification consisting of the collapsed categories as described above. The statistical
test was run using these two categories.
Hypotheses were tested using the 0.05 level ofsignificance as the criterion value for the
chi-square analysis. When differences between groups reached this value, the finding is
reported along with its level of significance which is stated as a p-value (e.g., p=O.04).
Chi-square test results that reach the 0.05 level of significance indicate there is at least a
19-out'of-20 likelihood that the finding is true. This is a generally accepted level of
reliability for public surveys. Findings of no significance are also reported to provide the
basis for conclusions regarding the uniformity of opinion across the sample.
Cranl6r's V is a statistical test that measures the degree of association between two
categorical variables. For statistical tests that reach significance using chi-square,
Cram6r's V values are provided to describe the strength of the association between the
variables. This measurement ranges between 0.0 and 1.0. The higher the level of
association, the greater isthe probability that the independent variable is causing an
effect on the dependent variable. A measurement of 0 indicates there is no association
between the two, meaning it is likely the independent variable has no systematic effect
on the dependent variable. A measurement of tO indicates that variations in the
independent variable completely match variations in the dependent variable.
Multivariate analyses were performed only between 2015 and 2013 data. K8u|tkahete
analysis consisted of Analysis of Variance /ANOVA\ and Chi-Square Analysis. The 2011
data was included to provide a benchmark for the subsequent years; Priority
classifications were based off the 2011 results for comparison (i.e. the questions
involved in each Priority issue were kept the same each year, regardless if the questions
may have shifted tu another Priority dassification\.
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Respondent Profile
The following chart describes the demographic profile of the sample for Tukwila by
gender. As indicated in the methodology section, there is no significant difference
between weighted and un-weighted sample by gender at the 95% confidence level. The
percentages listed below are the un-weighted sample frequencies for gender.
a Male v Female
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Assessment of Water Quality in h Environment
Respondents rated the quality of water in Tukwila's rivers, creeks and ponds on a 0-10
numeric scale where U meant "extremely polluted" and 1U meant "extremely dean."
The average rating for surface water quality was significantly higher in 2015 than in the
previous three years. The rating increased from 5.94 in 2013 to 7.04 in 2015. This
increase was statistically significant (p = .002). The chart below illustrates the mean
rating of respondents by research year.
1. Respondent Ratinmof Surface Water QumlitvbvYear
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Figure 2 shows the distribution of respondent ratings for 2015, 2013, 2012 and for the
2011 results at each point along the rating scale.
About two-thirds of the respondents /669A reported a surface water quality level of or
higher. This is an 18.8% increase in number of respondents responding with 7 or greater
from 2013. The number of respondents giving a |ovv surface water quality ratings
(ratings O-3\ decreased from 1396in2O13Lo4.196in2O15.
Figure 2: Rating 6u General Publkofthe Quality of Water in the Environment
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Opportunities for Expansion and Focus of Education
Programs
The two main purposes of this survey were to assess changes in the public's stormwater
knowledge and related behavior from 2011, 2012 and 2013 to 2015. These comparisons
are needed because of the city's educational program and to develop priorities for
future stormwater public education and outreach.
As in the baseline study, the results are organized by the percent of the respondents
who provided a correct answer for the current survey —the lower the percent of correct
answers given by the sample, the higher the priority for education:
• Priority 1 Issues: Less than 50% correct answers
• Priority 2 Issues: From 50 to 80% correct answers
• Priority 3 Issues: Over 80% correct answers
In administering the questionnaire, respondents were presented with statements that
were either true or false and were asked if they agreed or disagreed with the statement.
Each of the statements in the tables appearing below include a letter indicating the
correct answer for that statement, an A for "Agree" and a D for "Disagree." When the
word "Adopt" appears, it means the statement deals with whether respondents have
"adopted" the desirable behavior mentioned in the statement. The combination of "A
Adopt," then, means the question deals with behavior and the desired response is A for
"Agree." This response equates to the respondent saying that he or she engages in the
desired behavior mentioned in the statement.
ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
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Priority 1 Issues
Priority 1 issues represent areas of knowledge and behavior where less than half of the
respondents provided the correct or desired response. Table 1 shows the percent of
correct answers for Priority 1 issues in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015.
Table 1: Priority 1 Issues
The runoff from washing a car with biodegradable soap is
30.20%
31.00%
38.81%
28.00%
safe in stormwater drains. D
Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes is more the result
of commercial discharge practices than individual human
35.00%
43.60%
45.86%
20.79%
activity. D
Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for reducing runoff over
38.50%
42.10%
45.91%
42.00%
concrete or asphalt pavement. D
Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as harmful in
42.80%
50.00%
51.41%
51.00%
stormwater. D
Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural and not regarded
48.00%
53.30%
48.72%
39.00%
as pollution. D
Green rooftops reduce the amount of stormwater runoff.
48.00%
A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Impervious surfaces and streets are better for managing
39.00%
runoff than porous ones. D
N/A
N/A
N/A
*Yellow Highlights indicate a question dealing with behavior; how the respondent acts in that situation. Percents apply
only to respondents who said the question applied to them. All "Does not apply" responses were combined with the
"Don't Know" response category for the knowledge questions since all of the knowledge questions apply to everyone.
This table of Priority 1 issues is based on 2011 results. Thus, percentages for other years may exceed 5O%.
Related Multivariate Analysis Findings
The question where the public showed a statistically significant difference between the
benchmark year 2013 and 2015 was:
• Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes is more the result of commercial
discharge practices than individual human activity. The percent of correct
responses decreased from 45.86% in 2013 to 20.79% in 2015. (p -value = 0.049,
Cramers'v = 0.138)
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Statistically Significant Differences bwGender
There were no statistically significant differences in responses to Priority | issues when
analyzed byGender.
Topics for Pub/c Education: Priority 1
The overall percentage of respondents who answered correctly for the 2011 Priority |
issues was calculated for the 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 surveys. The overall percent in
2011of38.996 increased to44Y6in 2012, increased io46.196in 2013 and decreased
down to 383Y6. The overall percentage of correct responses in 2013 was not
significantly different from the overall percentage for the same issues in 2015.
M
3: Percent Correct ResmunsmatmPriority1 Issues bvYear
ou% sum zo^z% 15um zno% 2E0m 30.0% 55,0w 4&OV6 45/2% 5&0%
Percentage
Knowledge of how rivers, wetlands, lakes and the marine waters of Puget Sound
become polluted by stonmw/ater is an essential precursor to improving understanding,
raising the desire Lo act responsibly, and bringing about behavioral change. Priority
educational programming and marketing campaigns should convey the following
messages:
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• Biodegradable soap is not a safe addition to stormwater drains and should be
kept from entering the stormwater drainage system.
• The primary cause of pollution in stormwater runoff is individual human activity,
not commercial discharge. Success in reducing environmental pollution depends
upon everyone's participation in helping to make a difference.
• Bricks or pavers help to reduce the volume of stormwater runoff and, therefore,
help to reduce stormwater pollution in the environment.
• Gross clippings and leaves in stormwater are regarded as pollution and should be
kept out of the stormwater drainage system.
• Sediment and dirt are pollution and should be prevented from entering the
stormwater drainage system.
• Green rooftops help to reduce the volume of stormwater runoff and, therefore
help to reduce stormwater pollution in the environment.
• Impervious surfaces and streets are better for managing runoff than porous ones.
Impervious surfaces are significant contributors to pollution in stormwater
runoff. Hence, it is important to keep impervious surfaces clean using acceptable
cleaning techniques and, where possible, use pervious surfaces.
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Priority 2 Issues
Priority 2 issues represent areas of knowledge and behavior where 50% to 80% of the
respondents provided the correct response. Table 2 shows the percent of correct
answers for Priority 2 issues in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015.
Table 2: Priority 2 Issues
When I wash a motor vehicle at home, the soapy water ends
51.20%
45.80%
46.47%
39.24%
up in a ditch or on the street. D Adopt
Drains on city streets for stormwater are connected to the
54.80%
46.50%
47.30%
42.16%
same sanitary or sewage system for waste. D
All water going into stormwater drains on the street is treated
before being discharged into the surface and ground water. D
55.70%
59.10%
58.67%
54.00%
The best place to dispose of water from cleaning a Latex paint
60.30%
64.00%
77.35%
49.00%
brush is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A
Non -Point stormwater runoff is the leading cause of pollution
62.30%
60.70%
73.08%
56.86%
in rivers, wetlands and lakes. A
Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for
polluting stormwater. D
63.20%
61.50%
77.05%
54.00%
An illicit or unlawful stormwater discharge is primarily defined
as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not made
64.30%
58.50%
65.46%
68.00%
up entirely of stormwater. A
Using a mulching lawnmower reduces the need to fertilize a
64.50%
78.00%
86.08%
82.00%
lawn. A
Washing a vehicle at a commercial car wash causes less
pollution than washing a vehicle on the street using a
67.40%
62.50%
73.67%
68.00%
biodegradable soap. A
Impervious surfaces such as roads and driveways are not
significant sources of pollution to stormwater. D
71.60%
71.90%
71.47%
53.00%
All of my family's vehicle parts with oil or grease on them are
71.80%
82.00%
95.48%
85.90%
kept away from the weather. A Adopt
Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely added to a
75.60%
77.40%
88.16%
68.00%
stormwater drain. D
The best way to clean up spilled oil on the driveway is to fully
absorb it using kitty litter or paper towels and deposit this
76.40%
81.80%
82.01%
83.00%
waste in a garbage can. A
The downspouts at my house convey the water to an area
79.90%
85.60%
78.29%
77.08%
where it is absorbed by the ground. A Adopt
ILID ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
l .L \ HEBERT RESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
`AI
All automotive chemicals and cleaning supplies, can be stored I N/A I N/A I N/A I 56.00%
and disposed of in the same manner
*Yellow Highlights indicate a question dealing with behavior, • how the respondent acts in that situation. Percents apply
only to respondents who said the question applied to them. All "Does not apply" responses were combined with the
"Don't Know" response category for the knowledge questions since all of the knowledge questions apply to everyone.
This table of Priority 2 issues is based on 2011 results. Thus, percentages for other years may not fall between 50% and
80%.
Related Multivariate Analysis Findings
There were no statistically significant differences in public knowledge of stormwater —
Priority II issues between the 2013 results and 2015 results. There were also no
statistically significant differences in responses to Priority II issues when analyzed by
gender.
Topics for Public Education: Priority 2
The average percentage of respondents who answered correctly for the 2011 Priority 2
issues was calculated for the 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 surveys. The overall percent in
2011 of 65.6% increased to 66.8% in 2012, increased to 72.9% in 2013 and decreased
significantly to 62.4% in 2015. This is the lowest correct percent recorded among the
survey years. The decrease in overall correct responses from 2013 to 2015 was not
statistically significant.
Figure 4: Percent Correct Responses to Priority 2 Issues
m
a�
2013
72.9°
0.0% 10.CPr'a 20.00'6 30.CN6 4O.O°lo 50.000 60,0% 70.00!0 80.0%
Percentage
jJD ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
i l\ HEBERT RESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
`tea
While more than half ofthe public responded correctly to these issues represents a
desirable level of public knowledge, the goal remains to achieve a fully informed public.
Consequently, Priority 2 issues continue to represent real opportunities for further
public education and social marketing. Future educational and marketing campaigns
addressing Priority issues should contain the following messages:
p
To best protect the environment, soapy water from washing o motor vehicle is
best handled by allowing dtobe absorbed byo lawn m the ground. It should not
be allowed to flow into the street or into a drainage ditch.
~ The water in stonnw/oter drains is not connected to the sanitary sewer system
nor is all stormwater treated to remove pollutants before being released into the
environment. Therefore, the quality ofstnnnvvoter going into the drainage
system b what determines the level of pollution /n surface water.
�
All water going into stnnnwoter drains is not treated before being discharged
�
The best place toclean paint brushes is inusink that drains into the sanitary
sewer system, not outdoors.
m
Non-Point Stonnw/oter runoff is the leading cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands
and lakes.
° The residue from chemical treatments that kill moss isosource of pollution.
� An illicit or illegal discharge is anything that enters ostonn drain system that is
not made up entirely of stormwater.
* /\ mulching /ovvnmnvver reduces the need for using fertilizer and, hence,
*
Vehicles should be washed otcumnnercial not ot homes where runoff is
allowed to drain into the streets.
* Impervious surfaces, such as roods and driveways, are o significant source of
storm water pollution.
0 Store vehicle ports with oil u/ grease on them under o roof orcover.
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fRHEBERT RESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
UNDERSTANDING
23
• Proper disposal of used cleaning supplies, including carpet shampoo.
• Carpet shampoo wastewater cannot be safely disposed of at the stormwoter
drain.
• Proper methods for cleaning up oil and grease spills, such as using kitty litter and
paper towels.
• Fix house downspouts to dispense the water to an area where it can be absorbed
by the ground.
• All automotive chemicals and cleaning supplies, should be stored and disposed of
in the different manner.
ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
FR HEBERT RESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
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Priority 3 Issues
Priority 3 issues represent areas of knowledge or behavior where more than 80% of the
respondents provided the correct response. Table 3 shows the percentage of correct
answers for Priority 3 issues in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015.
Table 3: Priority 3 Issues
Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or
asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a good way to 83.40% 67.20% 76.44% 58.00%
prevent polluting stormwater runoff. D
I'm careful not to exceed the recommended amount of
insecticide or weed killer than the directions say to use. A 83.50% 91.10% 84.05% 94.44%
Adopt
My household recycles all used motor oil. A Adopt 1 87.90% 1 80.30% 1 92.25% 1 96.30%
I'm careful not to exceed the recommended amount of
90.00% 93.20% 86.46% 90.00%
fertilizer than the directions say to use. A Adopt
My family stores all containers holding oil or antifreeze
92.60% 93.20% 97.92% 91.01%
under a roof or cover. A Adopt
My household stores all yard fertilizers and pesticides
inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. A 98.60% 98.20% 93.12% 90.41%
Adopt
*Yellow Highlights indicate a question dealing with behavior; how the respondent acts in that situation. Percents apply
only to respondents who said the question applied to them. All 'Does not apply" responses were combined with the
"Don't Know" response category for the knowledge questions since all of the knowledge questions apply to everyone.
This table of Priority 3 issues is based on 2011 results. Thus, percentages for other years may be below 80 %.
Related Multivariate Analysis Findings
The questions where the public showed a statistically significant difference in
knowledge between the benchmark year 2013 and 2015 were:
• My household recycles all used motor oil. The percent of correct responses
increased from 92.25% in 2013 to 96.3% in 2015 (p -value = 0.007, Cramer's V =
0.206).
IRASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
HEBERT RESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
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� I'm careful not to exceed the recommended amount of insecticide or weed killer
than the directions say to use. The percent ofcorrect responses increased from
84.0596in2013to84.44V6in2015(p-va|ue=0.025,Cranoer'sV=0.177)
Statistically Significant 0ifferences6vGender
Males were more likely to correctly respond that "My family stores all containers
holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover. Gender accounted for 21.29& of the
differences in responses to this statement, as shown by Cranner'yV in the table below:
Topics for Public Education: Priority 3
The average percentage of respondents who answered correctly for the 2011 Priority 3
issues was calculated for the 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 surveys. The overall percent in
2O11ofO9.396decreased to 87.296 in 2012, slightly increased to 88.4Y6in 2013 and
decreased to 86.70 in 2015. The overall percentage of correct responses in 2013 was
statistically significant from the overall percentage for the same issues in 2015. (p value
�
�
=
5: Percent Correct Responses tmPrknrity3 Issues
Vo% 10/0% zo0m a/m9% 40,0% 50/00/. 6MO/6 /uom uuW/o som� 1oo0m
Percentage
ASSESSMENT or CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
fRHEBERTRESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
P41.
The relatively high percent of respondents who gave the correct responses in this
category suggests that high behavioral compliance continues to take place. At
minimum, it can be said that respondents knew the right thing to do and answered
accordingly. To maintain and increase positive behaviors, it remains advisable to
continue educating the public on these issues. Because of the already high level of
knowledge/compliance for Priority 3 issues, the degree of emphasis on these issues may
be lower compared to Priority 1 and Priority issues. |f Priority 3 issues are addressed
during educational and marketing campaigns, the following messages should be
* Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and
hosing it off is not o good way to prevent polluting stormwaterrunoff. Proper
methods for cleaning up oil and grease spills, such as using kitty litter and paper
towels.
° Aook/ fertilizer, insecticides or weed killer o1 recommended rates
* Recycle a// used motor oil.
w Store containers holding oil or antifreeze under o roof orcover.
w
Store all yard fertilizers and pesticides inside obuilding or in o covered area out
of the rain.
ASSESSMENT OF
�� UNDERSTANDING
u��HEBERr RESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATERaEHAmORS CITY opTUKWILA
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Reporting an UUU~c~t Discharge
Respondents were asked the following question: "If you witnessed someone pouring o
gallon of used paint thinner into ostorm water drain, which agency would you callfirst to
report it?" A variety of options were given as choices. Over one-third (34.896) of
residents chose the correct choice, calling their City Public Works Department. This
finding represents o 6.696 increase from the 28.2Y6 of Tukwila respondents who said
they would contact the Public Works Department in 2013, and a 10.8Y6 increase from
the 24% correct responses in 2011. Furthermore, 1396ofrespondents in 2015 would
incorrectly report to 911 if they witnessed an illicit discharge. That is a 2.596 decrease
from the 15.596 of incorrect responses in 2013 and a l3Y6 decrease from the 14.396 in
2011. While 7.696 of the public remains unaware of the proper agency to call to report
an illicit discharge. That is a 14.7% decrease from the 22.3Y6 in 2013. 23.9% of
respondents said that they would report police department if they witnessed an illicit
discharge. This is highest percent recorded among the 4 year surveys.
6: Reportina an Illicit
There was no statistically significant differences in the responses between 2013 and
Z015es well as males and female when analyzed bygender.
ASSESSMENT op CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
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Stewardship Activities
Respondents were asked the following question: "Which of the following stewardship
activities have you heard of within the lost yeoT?" the result is summarized in the table
below. About (61%) of respondents reported that they have not heard of or participated
in any stewardship activities. Of those who reported "heard of or participated in
stewardship activities ofthe city within the last year," 21 Y6ofrespondents reported
they have heard of or participated in "Healthy Earth" while 2396 reported they have
heard or participated in "Duxvanoish Alive!". Only 6% of those reported that they have
heard ofor participated in "Healthy 5K..
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u��u�rn��� ADOPTION OF TARGETED SrORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
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"Which of the following stewardship activities
in within the last
Haven't Heard of Any
have you heard of or participated
year?"
mama
Healthy Earth
Duwarnish Alive
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u��u�rn��� ADOPTION OF TARGETED SrORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
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Research m�~
.�~�V����[on Findings
1\ The public perception in Tukwila is that the surface water is relatively clean and
absent from pollutants. Although the lowest rating was given in 2011 at 5.82, the
ratings have been generally high. With the highest average rating thus far of 7.04 in
2015, respondents are indicating that the perception of surface water quality will
continue to increase, or at the very least, moderately clean.
2) As compared 1n 2013, the 2015 data revealed changes in Priority classifications. In
2815, there were two statements changing in their priority status, in both cases
moving to a higher priority level. One moved from Priority || issues to Priority |
issues. The below is the statement:
w
The best okoe to dispose of water from cleaning o Latex paint brush is in o sink
inside, not outdoors.
While the other changed from Priority III to Priority 11. The following is the statement
described above:
0 Carpet shampoo waste water can be sofely added to a storm water drain.
In regard to Priority trends, the 2015 results showed that while no other statements
changed priority statuses entirely, many of the statements saw a decreased number of
correct responses within the same priority category. In addition, the overall average
correct proportions in all three priority issues indicate decreasing public knowledge on
stormnvvntereducation as compared to that of 2013. The average proportion giving the
correct response within Priority issues, Priority 11 issues and Priority III issues decreased
by 7.9%, 10.5V6 and 1.796 points, respectively. This is a negative sign in an effort to
increase public knowledge and concern about their potential behavior for stornnvvater
pollution, raising the desire to act responsibly and bringing about improper behavioral
change. This indicated that the city's current educational program, marketing campaigns
and stewardship activities have not effectively addressed any Priorities issues. In
addition, the 2015 data showed that 6196 of respondents reported that they have not
heard of or participated in any stewardship activities when asked: "Which of the
following stewardship oobv/bes have you heard ufwithin the lost year?" Of those who
reported "heard of or participated in stewardship activities of the city within the last
year," 21 96 reported they have heard of or participated in "Healthy Earth" while 2396
reported they have heard or participated in "0uvvannish A|ive|" Only 696 reported that
they have heard of or participated in "Healthy 5K''. This indicated that the current
communication works are not effectively enough in raising public awareness about the
current educational program, marketing campaigns and stewardship activities and the
city also facing the challenges of engaging the target residents with those programs.
ASSESSMENT op CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
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uu�eomr«aEAxCuINC. ADOPTION mr TARGETED smnmmwnRBEHAVIORS CITY o/nmWIm
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With the goal remains to achieve ofu|k/ informed public and bring a behavioral change,
besides the future educational program and marketing campaigns should increase the
degree of emphasis on these issues to target audience by increasing both level of
frequency and media coverage. The city should have the right approaches in order to
increase the public reach and engagement level.
For Priority III category, though the relatively high percent of respondents who gave the
correct responses in this category suggests that high behavioral compliance continues to
take place, in order to maintain and increase positive behaviors, it remains advisable to
continue educating the public on these issues and maintain the properly degree of
emphasis on these issues to make sure no changes from the Priority U| issues to Priority
| or || happen. While some statements saw on increased number ofcorrect responses,
others saw a slightly decreased number ofcorrect responses within the Priority |||, the
following statement saw a significantly decreased number of correct responses from
76.4496 in 2013 to 58% in 2015 as below: "Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor
concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is o good way tn prevent polluting
shonnw/oter n/nn/f. " it should be a high priority in the future marketing and social
campaigns.
Lasiky, of the three new questions added into the 2015 survey, two were classified into
Priority | issues. The statements are given below:
• Green rooftops reduce the amount of storm water runoff
• Impervious surfaces and streets are better for managing runoff than porous
ones
While the remaining was classified into the Priority U issue as below:
�
All automotive chemicals and cleaning supplies, can be stored and disposed
of in the same manner
3) The proportion of Tukwila residents who know which agency to report an illicit
discharge increased up to 34.896 this year. This is a highest correct percentage
recorded ornon0 the 4 year surveys. This is on encouraging sign that progress is
being made in the effort to improve the public's knowledge regarding which agency
to report an illicit discharge. However, the correct percentage is about one third
(34.896) so there is still more room for the city of Tukwila to improve the level of
residents' knowledge regarding which agency to report an illicit discharge and
communications on this topic should continue tobeapriority.
ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
IR HEBERT RESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS QD CITY OF TUKWILA
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4) Males (9758%) were more likely to correctly respond that "My family stores all
containers holding oil or antifreeze under roof orcover" as compared to females
(85.4]96). Hence, in order to improve the overall knowledge regarding tothe issue,
the future educational program and marketing campaigns should target nnfemale
audience.
S) In addition, the following stornnvvoterknowledge issues statements saw a decreased
number of correct responses over 2O96oscompare to that of 2013. Hence, it should
be a priority for the future communication in order to improve the overall
knowledge:
• Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes is more the result of commercial
dischorgepnzcbcesLhon/nDYv/duo/hu/nonontivitu 0
• The best place to dispose of water from cleaning o Latex point brush is in o sink
inside, not outdoors. /%
• Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little riskfor polluting stormwater.
D
• Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely added to ostonnvvoterdrain. fJ
���m�rnpo�wu����mm�
f0 ��" HEBERTRESEARCH, INC. ADOPTION OF TARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
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TU UKWUU A _ Storm water Community Survey Questionnaire
Hello, this is from Hebert Research on behalf of the [hY of
Tukwila. VVe are asking residents about important storm water issues and wmwould like to
include your opinions. All your answers are strictly confidential and will not be connected
Lo your name.
1. My first question is about the water inTukwila. I'd like you to rate your perception of
the overall quality of the water in our rivers, wetlands and lakes. Bv "quality of water" \
mean how absent it is from pollution. Rate it on a 0 t 10 scale where "0^ means the
water is "extremely pn||uted" and 10 means the water is "extremely clean." [RECORD
NUMBER]
[READ]
/ w/8/be reading o number ofstatements regarding storm water. The responses for each
question are osfollows:
1. Agree
2. Disagree
3. Need more information
4. Uncertain, Don't Know
5. Refused
6. Doesn't Apply
2. Drains on city streets for stormwater are connected to the same sanitary or sewage
system for waste.
l Non-Point stonnvvater runoff is the leading cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands and
lakes.
4. Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes is more the result of commercial discharge
practices than individual human activity.
5. All water going into stonmvvater drains on the street is treated before being
discharged into the surface and ground water.
[ROTATE QG-Q33] [NOTE; These questions will 6e asked ina random order toprevent
sequencing bias.]
6. Impervious surfaces such as roads and driveways are not significant sources of
pollution tostornovvater. .
7. The best way to dean up spilled oil on the driveway isLo fully absorb U using kitty
litter or paper towels and deposit this waste ine garbage can.
x�om�rmom�A�
�� UNDERSTANDING
���uEBERrnESEAx�INC. ADOPTION mTARGETED STORMWATER BEHAVIORS CITY OF TUKWILA
33
8. Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it
off is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff.
9. All of my family's vehicle parts with oil or grease on them are kept away from the
weather.
10. My household recycles all used motor oil.
11. My family stores all containers holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover.
12. The runoff from washing a car with biodegradable soap is safe in stormwater drains.
13. When I wash a motor vehicle at home, the soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the
street.
14. Washing a vehicle at a cornrnenja| car wash causes less pollution than washing
vehicle on the street using a biodegradable soap.
15. The best place to dispose of water from cleaning a Latex paint brush is in a sink
inside, not outdoors.
16. Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as harmful insLormnvvater.
17. Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for polluting stormwater.
18. Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution.
19. The downspouts at nr/ home convey the water to an area where it is absorbed by
the ground.
20. Using a mulching lawnmower reduces the need to fertilize a lawn.
21. My household stores all yard fertilizers and pesticides inside a building or in a
covered area out of the rain.
22. yrn careful not to exceed the recommended amount of insecticide or weed killer
than the directions say to use.
23. I'm careful not to exceed the recommended amount of fertilizer than the directions
say rnuse.
24. Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely added LoastornnvvaLerdrain.
ASSESSMENT op CITIZEN UNDERSTANDING AND
��
uu�HEBmrxeoaxoumc ADOPTION opTARGETED SmxMwmnaoemwoRS CITY mprmnWIm
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25. Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt
pavement.
26. An illicit or unlawful stonnvvoterdischorge is primarily defined as anything that
enters a storm drain system that is not made up entirely of stormwater.
27. If you witnessed someone pouring a gallon of used paint thinner into a stonnvvaLer
drain, which agency would you call first 10 report it: [READ 1-S]
l. The Washington Department ofEcology
2. The police department
I The city Public Works Department
4`911
S. Need more information
6.| would not report it
7. Don't Know
8. Refused
28. Which of the following stewardship activities have you heard of or participated in
within the last year? [Select all that apply]
0 Healthy Earth
• Healthy 5K
• DuvvarnishA|ive!
29. Green rooftops reduce the amount ofstornnvvaterrunoff
30. Impervious surfaces and streets are better for managing runoff than porous ones
31. All automotive chemicals and cleaning supplies, can be stored and disposed of in the
same manner
That concludes our survey. l want to thank you very much for your time and
You have been very helpful. Have a good day!
Thank them and ask if they would like to be included in the panel in the future
ww