HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEPA EPIC-SA-7 - CONDOMINIUM BUSINESS PARK - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS)CONDOVIINIUVI BUSINESS
PARK
EPIGSA -7
•
Frank Todd, Mayor
CITY or TUKWILA
6230 SOUTHCENTER BLVD.
TUKWILA, WASHINGTON 98067
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Don Koll Northwest.
ATTN: Mr.. Byron Sneva
550.Industry Drive -
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Mr.. Sneva:•
This.office has reviewed the Final Environmental Impact
Statement circulated in regard to your proposed
Condominium Business. Park development. .
All comments to the Draft have been sufficiently discussed
in the Final Statement. Our evaluation of its contents
lead to our approval of the Impact Statement with the .
stipulation that all site plans, elevations and landscape
plans be submitted for approval by the City of Tukwila's
Board of Architectural Review in accordance with
Chapters 18.98.080 and 18.32.040 of the Tukwila Municipal
Code.
Should you have any questions or require any further
information regarding this matter.please contact me. at
242 -2177.
GC /lt
cc:
Mayor Todd
Bldg Off
Sincerely,.
•
Gary / Crutchfiell'
Planning Technician
•
WILSF,I'& H.1 \9. INC
Earl P. Wilsey (1892 -1957)
15 SOUTH GRADY WAY, EVERGREEN BUILDING • RENTON, WASHINGTON 98055 • Telephone (206) 228 -1080 • Cable "WHINT"
April 29, 1971+
File No. 3- 1659 - 3001 -30
Planning Department
City of Tukwila
6230 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Gary:
We have received six letters from agencies reviewing the Condominium Business
Park, proposed by Don Koll Northwest.
Both the letter from the Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency and the
Department of Highways require additional information. The letter from the
Department of Game is primarily supportive of observations reported in the
document, and as such, requires no additional information. The other agencies
decline to comment at this time.
The enclosed material should adequately cover the requests of the PSAPCA and
the Department of Highways. This material was prepared earlier this year in
anticipation that a EPA Parking Management Permit would be required;., Although
this regulation has been rescinded and the proposed project will not be affected
by the new regulation, the information is still valid and useful.
The rescinded regulation required the following items to be considered:
(6) Estimate the average and maximum number of motor vehicle trips
generated by the parking facility and any activity or enterprise
to which the facility is an auxiliary use.
(a) on a daily basis
(b) on a peak hour basis
(7) Estimate the average and maximum number of person trips generated by
any activity or enterprise to which the facility is an auxliary use:
(a) on a daily basis
(b) on a peak hour basis
(8) Not applicable
(9) Indicate the general locations within the geographic area encompassed
by the parking regulation from which people and motor vehicles will
travel to the parking facility.
engineering • planning • surveying • landscape architecture • mapping • systems
•
Mr. Gary Crutchfield Page 2
April 29, 1974
(10) Forecast the effect of the parking facility on the total vehicle
miles of travel in the (affected) geographic area.
(11) Forecast the effect of the parking facility on traffic patterns
and flows.
(12) Indicate the measured or estimated air quality at the site of the
parking facility prior to construction or modification.
(13) Forecast the effect of the parking facility on air quality around
the site and in the (affected) geographic area.
The information provided in response to the above items should adequately
address the requests for additional information.
We appreciate the opportunity to be of assistance.
Sincerely yours,
WILSEY & HAM, INC.
A. Llewellyn Matthews
Environmental Planner
ALM /lr
Attachment
cc: Mr. Byron Sneva
Don Koll Northwest
(6) Generated Traffic -- Vehicles
Utilizing trip generation data1 for developments of similar size
and characteristics and with the sits developed in the configuration
of:
Office Space 31,875 square feet
Manufacturing 196,300 square feet
the total number of vehicle trips generated by the site is expected to
amount to the following:
Average Maximum
(a) Daily Basis 1725 1830
(b) Peak Hour Basis 190 200
Of these, the maximum value is expected to exceed the average by six
percent. In the absence of shopping trips, the maximum values should
occur in April on no more than five days.
Similarly, it is expected that the maximum peak hour exceeds the
average peak hour by no more than four percent and these peak hour volumes
will take place on Wednesdays or Thursdays.2
(7) Generated Traffic -- Persons
The number of trips generated by the facility is considered as a
function of the number of vehicle trips and vehicle occupancy. It is
expected that for the truck trips, the occupancy factor will be 1 while
passenger cars will have an occupancy of 1.31. With 26 percent of the
total trips by truck, and with the assumption that the percentage of trucks
in the traffic stream does not vary throughout the day, expected person
trips generated by the site on a daily, and peak hour basis are as shown
below:
(a) Daily Basis
(b) Peak Hour Basis
Average Maximum
2080 . 2200
230 240
1. Trip Generation Study, State of Maryland, 1973
2., City of Kent, TOPICS Study, 1971
(9) Service Area
In terms of trip distribution, the southern portion of Seattle/
Duamish Valley is expected to be the main trip attraction /production
area accounting for slightly more than fifty percent of the trips.
Renton and Kent Auburn are evenly divided and are expected to account
for the next 30 percent of the trips.
Figure 9 -1 describes the probable limits of the area served by the
site and apportions trips,.on a percentage basis, to the respective
areas described thereon. The general limits of the service area are
based on average trip length data supplied by the King County Transportation
Department.
(10) Travel
Associated with the distribution of trips to the geographical area
serviced by the facility are the total expected vehicle miles of travel.
As in the previous case, the vehicle miles of travel are a function of
travel time and average speed. Further, there are two components: vehicle
miles of travel during the working day, representing business trips,
and vehicle miles of travel during the peak hour, representing the journey
to work and return. These are shown below.
Commercial trips 12,500 vehicle miles
Non- commercial 2,300 vehicle miles
Total 1 800 vehicle miles
The Puget Sound Governmental Conference estimates that the average
trip in the Seattle- Everett Region is 15 minutes duration for 8 miles of
distance. For this report, due to the site's peripheral location
home,
based trips were taken at 12 miles and non -home based trips at 8 miles.
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FIGURE 9 -1
Directional Analysis
Key % Area
A 51 Seattle
B .4 Tukwila /Bryn Mawr /Rainier Beach
C 16 Renton /S. Bellevue
D' • 16 Kent /Auburn
E 7 Des Moines /Federal Way
F 6 Burden
0
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Q_i L7 �� W .a 1.•a �_.a
AND V■CNETY
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ft. a t..: aW w Imo,hun,rd
P.s:p7sraa ControlleJ Access Undivided Nlghwa
rtnr a f •d my of Inleresonwe)1
4 or more lane Highways
Paved Roads
. Improved Roads
! •• j•L -1/ Mileage 5,71. .•4 lo.RS an.t Iu., Sr,
•
(11) Traffic Characteristics
Current average daily traffic carried by the streets and highways
in the vicinity of the site were obtained from the files of the Washington
State Highway Department and City of Tukwila and City of Kent TOPICS
study reports. These are shown on Figure 11 -1.
Peak hour traffic is expected to be equal for both the morning and
evening peak hours and, for the site, will be about 10 percent of the daily
volume. The twenty -four hour variation of traffic thru the typical week
day for freeways serving the site are shown below in Table 11 -1. This
table also includes the eight highest traffic hours expected at the site.
TABLE 11 -1
Time % of % of
ADT ,Daily Traffic.
Freeways at the site
1:00 1.9
2:00 0.8
3:00 0.6
4:00 0.3
5:00 0.4
6:00 0.8
7:00 5.2
8:00 9.2
9:00 5.7
10:00 4.1
11:00 4.4
noon 4.6 4.5
1:00 4.2 5.7
2:00 5.0 5.9
3:00 5.6 5.0
4:00 8.2 5.8
5:00 10.3 7.7
6:00 8.8 10.8
7:00 6.1 7.5
8:00 3.7
9:00 2.9
10:00 2.7
11:00 2.6
midnite 1.9
38/20
Figur0 -1
1973 EXISTING TRAFFIC VOLUMES
2/',.
273.
‘5OD
.1
/:16,000
Li 1
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r _ `
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• 11 G wasuais!.140 cii.40
lYN
astaltin
O.
•
In order to estimate the impact of the traffic generated by the
facility on the streets and highways serving the facility, an assignment
was made in conformance with Figure 9 -1. For the case of the site alone,
developed and operational in the year 1974, Figure 11 -2 describes the
expected traffic flow.
Figure 11 -3 describes the traffic generated by both the project and
a second major project currently under investigation. This figure would
represent the worst condition expected ,in the year 1975.
Figure 11 -4 provides an estimate for the year 1980 when both the
proposed site and the new developments in the immediate area are completed
to capacity.
For the site alone, developed in the year 1974 (Figure 11 -2), the
worst condition is expected to take place during the afternoon peak hour.
On the site, the intersection serving the site on Interurban Avenue,
and at the I -405 ramp signals, minimum capacity for satisfactory operation
will be about 350 vehicles per hour in the peak direction. Since the
traffic demand from the site during that time will not exceed about 150
vehicles per hour, reserve capacity exists and the facility will operate
at better than level of service "C ". However, Interstate 405 is currently
at capacity with little reserve capacity between the West Valley Highway
interchange on Interstate 405 and Interstate 5. It is expected that
some small and infrequent queuing will take place on the westbound on-
ramp. The freeway will operate at a slightly lower level of service.
Nevertheless, the facility will probably continue to operate with an
uninterrupted flow condition, the vehicles added to the system reducing
the level of service from "C" to "D" or a level fluctuating between
the two.
For future years, when there is major development to the south
of Southcenter (Figures 11 -3, 11 -4), no spin -off effect is expected with
respect to this project. This is due to the two developments being served
by essentially different ramp systems. Interstate 5 volumes will be
increased, but not in a quantity sufficient to reduce the level of service
to a condition of forced flow.
/_.
• •
For this project, then, it may be concluded that there will be no
significant traffic impact on the street system serving the site although, .
during the evening peak hours, there may be a slight lowering of the level
of service on Interstate 405 between the West Valley Highway interchange
and Interstate 5.
One final comment remains with respect to this westbound movement.
Since the majority of this traffic will have a northerly destination,
the improvement of Southcenter Boulevard, from Interurban Avenue to
Macadam Road,will provide motorists with an alternate parallel facility.
The consequence will be that, given moderate congestion on Interstate
405, motorists will have the opportunity to divert their route to seek
a minimum time path. Thus, given the improvement of Southcenter Boulevard,
this project's impact on street facilities will be minimal.
Fill 11 -2
1974 Average Daily Traffic
Site Developed
r•
•
650
•
If
N
1
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o 1,,...': :..C.!' .
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1192
110 Lin i) i01•10)
Figur 11 -3
1975 Average /Wily Traffic
Site Developed
in
Conjunction with
Major Developments
Vicinity of Southcenter
�OS •~rte''•. .—
1 I • 1
•
cic
• 4 77DD /
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• Fiiiie 11 -4
1980 AveraDaily Traffic
Site Developed
in
Conjunction with
Major Developments
Vicinity of Southcenter
-keep
A960 ■1'
• v
, 4 9700
/
' -1
r
I
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4
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404 /NI
IS "J
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--J.oM�I�'!H xalt
,(12) Estimated Existing Air Quality
Existing air quality at the site of the proposed devel-
opment and adjacent to nearby freeway interchanges has been
estimated using dispersion modelling techniques for carbon
monoxide (CO) .
Evaluation of the single contaminant CO is justified on
the basis of experience indicating that the ambient air
standards for CO are relatively more stringent than those
for hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and other vehicle- related
contaminants. As emissions of these contaminants increase
in an area, the 8 -hour standard for carbon monoxide is nearly
always the first and most frequently exceeded standard.
Dispersion estimates have been made using methodology
developed
Inputs to
projected
by the California State Division of Highways.1
this dispersion model include:
1) existing and
traffic data; 2) EPA emission factors adjusted
for vehicle mix and age distribution; 3) meteorological data
including the Pasquill Stability Class and wind rose fre-
quency distribution for Boeing Field, which lies northwest
of the project in the Duwamish basin; and 4) suitable recep-
tor locations that experience the maximum carbon monoxide
impact from the proposed project. Receptor locations used
in the analysis are shown in Figure 12 -1.
1. Beaton, J. L., Air Quality Manual, California State
Division of Highways., April 1972 (National Technical
Information Service, FHWA- RD- 72 -36, 37).
- RECEPTOR LOCATIO
1
I J ;S, :
s31N.3D-:iros :
• • i . r_?*
IL ,
i4 o •
113M vIO.j •H AOQUv..__- •t 't' '-
v e. N
� ` MG* • ... •• . �. •. L. 1••••••••• • ! j n..... Lr!+' i 1 i r4 IV:
Q
:;:..,••::, • ,.' \y_ - • rte ,
— • � rI _� ..• 1• 4 •
0. ;et- _ lam_ ~-- 1 = - •
.`: -- ----•� -\ �. �` s i t e
a
., • / it 1. o uasues.,y] sau,o( v ►
With reference to the three receptors shown in Figure
12 -1, maximum existing concentrations are assumed to occur
at a distance of fifty (50) feet directly downwind from
the major roadway or roadway complex (e.g. freeway inter -.
change). Meteorological conditions assumed to give the
maximum credible concentration are D (neutral) stability and
wind speeds of one (1) meter per second.
The results of the analysis for existing_ conditions
are shown in Table 12 -1. They indicate that although
levels at the Fiorito site and near the I -.4.05 /West Valley
interchange are well below the standard levels, estimated
existing concentrations near the I -5/I -405 interchange
may under the assumed conditions approach the 8 -hour standard.
Receptor
Existing Carbon Monoxide Concentrations
Average
Wind Wind Speed- Concentration mg /m3 •
Direction m /sec Peak 1 Hour Peak 8 Hour
(1973)
(C) 1-405
and West
Valley inter-
change South
(D) I -5 and
I -405 inter-
change Northwest
l 13..3.... _..,..... 9.7 ..
(E) on site Southwest 1 6.6 5.2
State and Federal Standards 40.0 10.0
Note:
(1) All. values incude a CO background value of 2.3 mg /m3,(2 ppm)
(2) D stability assumed for all cases.
(13) Estimated Air Quality Impact of the Proposed Project
Estimates of future air quality with and without the
project have been made by the same methods used for estimated
existing levels in section (12). In order to obtain a pro-
perly conservative estimate of future levels, incremental
traffic not only due to the Fiorito project, but also due
to the proposed Trillium commercial development south of
the South Center shopping complex, has been included in
the estimate. The estimates also include a "normal growth"
factor for all roadways, as supplied by the project traffic
consultants (see section 11).
Impact estimates for 1975, the proposed year of com-
pletion are summarized in Table 13 -1. The results indicate
that (1) 1975 levels of CO, including the Fiorito project,
will be lower than existing levels, and (2) the impact of
the Fiorito project itself is on the order of a 1 % -5% in-
crease above estimated "no- build" levels.
Estimates for 1980 have been made assuming 100% occupancy .
of both Fiorito and the complete Trillium project. As sum-
marized in Table 13 -2, the estimates indicate decreased con-
centrations of CO in 1980 relative to 1975. The trend of
decreasing ambient air concentrations is due to the contin-
uing replacement of older automobiles by better controlled
vehicles, and is projected to continue until about 1990.
Receptor
Table 13 -1
1975 Carbon Monoxide Concentrations
Wind
Direction)
(C) I -405
and West
Valley inter-
change
(D) I -5 and
I -405 inter-
change
(E) on site
South
Northwest
Southwest
State and Federal Standards
Notes:
CO Concentrations mg /m3 2
Peak 1 Hour 4 . •. Peak 8 Hour
Build3 No Build Build No Build
8.0
11.8
6.3
40
7.9 6.2 6.1
11.7
6.1
6.9 6.8
5.0 4.8
10
(1) D stability assumed in all cases
(2) All values include background CO value of 2.3 mg /m3 (2 ppm).
(3) "Build" condition assumes normal growth, 100% occupancy
of Fiorito; and 100% occupancy of Phases I, II and III
of Trillium project (225,000 square feet office, 188,000
square feet retail, 1,148 parking spaces and a 300 room
hotel) .
(4) "No build" conditions assumes normal growth and full
occupancy of Phases I, II and III of Trillium project.
Table 13 -2
1980 Carbon Monoxide Concentrations
Receptor
CO Concentration mg /m3
1 Hour 8 Hour
1
(CX 5.4 4.5
(D) 'C .›7.3<
>5.4
(E) 4.5 3.8
State. and Federal Standard:
40 10
Note:
(1) All values include CO background value of 2.3
mg/m3 (2 ppm); assumed meteorological conditions
D stability and 1 m /sec wind speed; assumed nor-
mal growth, full occupancy of Fiorito project,
full occupancy of all phases of proposed Trillium
project, including 625,000 square feet office,
223,000 square feet retail, 300 room hotel and
associated parking.
NPSEN -PL -ER
• •
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
SEATTLE DISTRICT, CORPS OF ENGINEERS
1519 ALASKAN WAY SOUTH
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98134
Richard B. Hansen, Planning Coordinator
City of Tukwila Planning Department
6230.Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Mr. Hansen:
1 MAR 1974
We have reviewed the draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the
Condominium Business Park in Tukwila, Washington. The U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers is presently responsible for maintenance dredging in the
Duwamish Waterway and has projects in the planning and operational
phases which directly influence and are influenced by water quality.
We endorse the suggestion made in Section D, Unavoidable Adverse
Environmental Effects, paragraph 2, Hydrological and Water Quality
Effects; namely, separators or skimmers should be used to prevent
introduction of hydrocarbons and suspended solids into the storm sewer
system. Continued introduction of additional pollutants into the
Duwamish Waterway would further pollute the bottom sediments.. Special
procedures to minimize environmental impacts on water quality are now
required during the dredging and disposal of polluted sediments from
the Duwamish Waterway. Since your proposed project would further degrade
water quality and bottom sediments and make maintenance dredging more
difficult and expensive, we suggest that the use of separators and skimmers
be incorporated into the project description.
Reference is also made to Table II and Figure E on pages 42 and 44
respectively. The least monthly temperature value for December should
be 1.34, not.3.75 as printed. The figures cited for the average number
of days with precipitation and snowfall apparently apply to the Seattle .
city office instead of Seattle - Tacoma Airport: The Seattle- Tacoma values
appear in pencil in Inclosure 1. The.wind rose (Figure E) is for one year
of record. Wind roses for Seattle-Tacoma and Boeing Airports are available
for 10 years of record.
NPSEN -PL -ER
Richard B. Hansen, Planning Coordinator
Thank you for the opportunity to review the draft environmental impact
statement.
1 Incl
Revised Table
Sincerely yours,
SYDN./ STEINBORPV
CHIEF, ENGINEERING DIVIS!
2
J p M A
J
A
S
0
N.
D ANNUAL
Temp.(°F) Ave,
38.3
40.8
43.8
49'2
56'5
59.8
64.9
64^1
59.9
52'4
43.9
40'8
51.1
Precip. (in.)
5.73
4.24
3'79
2.4
1.73
1'68
0.81
0.95
2'05
4.02
5'35
6.20
38'94
Precip. Extremes
/
Greatest monthly
12.92
-
9.11
8.40
3.75
4.76
3'40
2.10
2.18
4.60
8.95
9.69
0.50
55.I4
/o"ct m""th/v
o RA
1 AA
o c7
`n .“
o ';q
n 1.;
r
n 17
o ..z,
1 on
1 11
-7,-74-'
1"; 7R
���
���y Greatest Daily 2.22 3.41 2'19 1'85 1.66 1'53 0_74 1'36 1'77 2.27 3.41 2.52 3'41
_-
•
Ave' oo'
of days •
with precip.
^
Ol" 19 /B 15 g 16 17 13 11 /0 9./0 5 6'7 8 9 14 1718 19 151 /S-6
.l" 12 ' 10 10 // 8 5 4 2 3 4 6- 8 '� 14 43 13 • 93. P/
^So
l"
4 2 l 2 l O / O / 0 0 / 1- 2 4 3 18 23
1 1 D U O 0 O .0 0 0/ 1 1 4 c
Snowfall
Ave' Daily
Solar Rad-
iation
2 )
4.3 1'3 .8 T 0 0 0 0 0 T 0'5 0'6 7.5
.� z.+` c:, o //6 2'-1 /j',?
.
0'5 135' 250 418 531 534 680 475 330 19I 104 62'6
'25 0.2 ,. 75 ^ 76 .0 75 O U 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.6
Table 11 ; Z&mperatore,preoipitutioo.aod solar radiation values from Sea-Tac Airport.
• �o`.L F ∎0a -Ira De-(t
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
Room 360 U.S. Courthouse, Spokane, Washington 99201
Mr. Richard B. Hansen
Acting Planning Coordinator
City of Tukwila
6230 Southcenter Blvd.
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Sir:
February
, 1974
FEE 2G 1974
CITY OF TUKWILA
The draft environmental statement for Condominium Business Park which
was directed to our Seattle Area Office was forwarded to this office
for reply.
We have no comment to offer:iipkIeg.4.fd to the statement or the con-
templated work except to nat'"that the P -17 pump project of the West
Green River Watershed <pr,jecVis situated in the near vicinity.
It is suggested that4"contact be maintained with Mr. William Cokeley,
Project Engineer a the Renton Watershed Project Office, 232 Main
Street, Renton`,fbr'-any mutually beneficial discussions regarding the
effect thisrject might have on plans for the Condominium Business
Park development.
Thank Al for providing the Soil Conservation Service with the draft
environmental statement for this work.
icere ly,
r mss.
,r
Bridge
nservationist
Frank Todd, Mayor
CITY ®F TUK IL
6230 SOUTHCENTER BLVD.
TUKWI LA, WASHINGTON 98067
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Don Koll Northwest
ATTN: Mr. Byron Sneva
550 Industry Drive
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Mr. Sneva:
19 February 1974
Please find enclosed a copy of all comments received from
agencies involved in the review of the Draft Environmental
Impact Statement for the Condominium Business Park proposed
by your company.
All the enclosed comments should be duly considered and
the Final Impact Statement should incorporate the
appropriate discussion of these comments.
Please contact this office if you have any questions
regarding this matter.
Sincerely,.
Gary ,Crutchfiel
Planning Technician
GC /lt
cc: Wilsey & Ham
Encl:
1. Ltr, PSAPCA, dtd 14 Feb 74
2. Ltr, Dept of Game, dtd 11 Feb 74
3. Ltr, Dept of Highways, dtd 28 Jan 74
4. Ltr, Dept of Fisheries, dtd 4 Feb 74
5. Ltr, PSGC, dtd 8 Feb 74
6. Ltr, Tarks & Rec Comm, dtd 14 Jan 74
J.0,N, STg1
S,
21; A rV 1200 SIXTH AVENUE
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98101
O February 19, 1974
0
�4'lgC PROSEG�\
• •
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION X
HKYTO
ATTN OFF: 10MEI - M/S 325
Mr. Richard B. Hansen
Acting Planning Coordinator
City of Tukwila
6230 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Mr. Hansen:
We have reviewed the draft environmental impact statement for the
proposed Condominium Business Park, located in Tukwila, Washington.
The draft statement indicates on page 11 that approval from the
Environmental Protection Agency for the Business Park parking facilities
is. required. The effective date of the parking management regulation
has been revised from August 19, 1973, to January 1, 1975. If construction
of the parking facilities associated with the Condominium Park is commenced
before January 1, 1975, no permit from the Environmental Protection
Agency will be required.
Although the statement indicates (page 59), that "the greatest
contribution to the existing level of air contaminants will result
from vehicular pollutants associated with mobile sources," evaluation
of the extent of the contribution has, apparently not been completed.
Similarly,, it is stated on page 38 that "if the existing trend of
increasing particulates continues, particulate standards may be exceeded
at the subject site in the future." The draft statement does not,
however, detail the extent to which the project will add to particulate
levels. Preparation of a draft environmental impact statement before
all the effects of the project on air quality have been evaluated seems
premature.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment.
Sincerely,
c. tip
Hurlon C. Ray
Assistant Regional Administrator
for Management
SERVING:
KING COUNTY
410 West Harrison St.
Seattle, 98119
(206) 344 -7330
KITSAP COUNTY
Dial Operator for Toll
Free Number Zenith 8385
Bainbridge Island,
Dial 344 -7330
PIERCE COUNTY
213 Hess Building
Tacoma, 98402
(206) 383 -5851
SNOHOMISH COUNTY
703 Medical - Dental Bldg.
Everett, 98201
(206) 259 -0288
31C
PUGET SOUND
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL AGENCY
•
410 West Harrison Street, Seattle, Washington 98119 (206) 344 -7330
February 14,. 1974
Mr. Richard B. Hansen
Acting Planning Coordinator
City of .Tukwila
6230 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Subject:. Don Koll Northwest Condominium Business Park
Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Dear Mr. Hansen:
Project
We have reviewed the draft .environmental impact statement
for the Don Koll Northwest Condominium Business Park Proj-
ect.submitt.e.d to: us with your letter of January'4 1974.
Our comments regarding air .quality aspects' of the propos-
al are as follows:
1. It should be noted that each firm planning to build
on the project area will be subject to air quality
regulations embodied in Regulation I of the Puget.
Sound Air Pollution Control Agency (A copy of the
most recent edition is enclosed.). Of particular
importance are sections 6 --notification of new
air contaminant source installation and 9 --emis-
sion standards.
It would be helpful for the .evaluation of air pol-
lution :effects if a detailed statement of existing
conditions were included.. Such items as existing
land use may be specified.
3. An estimate of the increased carbon monoxide. con -
centration which would result from vehicles: using
the proposed facility should be included.. We note.
that an estimate. of 154,000. vehicle- seconds of op-
eration per day may occur on the site (page 63).
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
CHAIRMAN: Gene Lobe, Commissioner Kitsap County;
Patrick J. Gallagher, Commissioner Pierce County;
John D. Spellman, King County Executive;
VICE CHAIRMAN: Robert C. Anderson, Mayor Everett, N. Richard Forsgren, Commissioner Snohomish County;
Glenn K. Jarstad, Mayor Bremerton; Gordon N. Johnston, Mayor Tacoma; Harvey S. Poll, Member at Large,
Wes Uhlman, Mayor Seattle; A. R. Dammkoehler, Air Pollution Control Officer.
• ' •
Mr. Richard B. Hansen
February 14, 1974
Page 2
This should be converted into ambient air pollutant
concentrations on the site. For traffic moving at
15 mph and above, factors tabulated by EPA in "Com-
pilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors" (AP -42).
The results may be transformed into pollutant con-
centrations through use of an appropriate diffusion
model.
Yours truly,
A. R. Dammkoehler
Air Pollution Control Officer
ARD:JKA:mfr
Enclosure Re.g:ulathon I
•
Director / Carl N. Crouse
Assistant Directors / Ralph W. Larson
Ronald N. Andrews
Gam Commission
Arthur S. Coffin, Yakima, Chairman
James R. Agen, LaConner
Elmer G. Gerken, Quincy
Claude Bekins, Seattle
Glenn Galbraith, Wellpinit
Frank L. Cassidy, Jr., Vancouver
DEPARTMENT OF' GAME
600 North Capitol Way / Olympia, Washington 98504
February 11, 1974
City of Tukwila Planning Department
6230 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Gentlemen:
Your draft environmental impact statement - Administrative Pro-
cedure for Condominium Business Park - was reviewed by our Seattle region and
headquarters staffs;. comments follow.
The Proposed Action section provides very adequate characterization
of activities necessary for establishment of a business park on the Green
River site near 405 interchange.
Provision for access to South Area Park via the project site is of
interest (page 5). We support and encourage the concept of joint access. An
hudraulic permit will be required, however, if bridge construction will impinge
on areas within the wetted perimeter of the river.
Your assessment of water quality conditions and dependent fishery
resources in the Existing Conditions section was excellent. It may be further
noted that Green River steelhead catch ranked second statewide for the 1969 -70
and 1970 -71 winter seasons, and third in 1971 -72. Steelhead catches ranged
from 8,000 to 17,000 fish. Department of Game maintains a steelhead rearing
facility at Palmer to help supplement Green`River steelhead productivity.
We are extremely concerned about pollution potential of increased
surface runnoff from the project site. You have stated in your section on
Environmental Impact and Unavoidable Adverse Impact that runoff from business
park paved areas may measurably contribute to Green River water quality problems
and further inhibit groundwater recharge.
This impact is of special interest in view of its intimate relation-
ship to fishery production. Strong consideration of RIBCO recommendations is
most essential.. We understand your concern for regional adoption of RIBCO measures
and we share that concern (page 64). However, we view implementation of RIBCO
measures in this project as an integral contribution to regional improvement
of water quality and a positive step toward regional adoption of objectives
recommended by the RIBCO group.
• •
City of Tukwila Planning Department -2- February 11, 1974
A further RIBCO recommendation, i.e., altering present plans to
minimize parking along the .Green River, was presented in your Alternatives
Section (page 69). If it is the case that economic parameters make implementa-
tion of this measure unfeasible, adoption of the minimizing measures referred
to above is even more critical.
Mass transit may be a viable, partial solution to water quality
problems resulting from increased .. parking area. Investigation of this
alternative seems justified in view of the proximity of project environs to
circulation outlets and in.light.of nationwide energy objectives.
We concur with your analysis of wildlife impacts (page 56, 57) in the
Environmental Impact section.. Implementation of minimizing measures proposed
(page 64) will be of .significant benefitAo songbirds and other avian species.
Unfortunately landscaping utilized in projects of this type cannot usually
serve as habitat for other major forms of wildlife. Your conclusion that
landscaping will serve as partial mitigation for wildlife losses is applicable
when considered within the limited context described. above. It is constructive
to include such qualifications, however, in order to avoid misunderstandings.
Thank you for sending your draft. We hope our comments will be
helpful during final draft formulation.
Sincerely,
THE DEPARTMENT OF GAME
S ,�J
£YtJvc
'Eugene S. Dziedzic, Asst. Chief
Environmental Management Division
ESD:jb
cc: Chitwood
Agencies
Metro (RIBCO)
• •
Grand Central on the Park • First and So. Main • Seattle, Washington 98104 • 206/464 -7090
Puget Sound Governmental Conference
PSGC File No.2 /9 /74
February 8, 1974
Alvin B. Harrison, Director
City of Tukwila Planning Department
6230 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Mr. Harrison:
We thank you for the opportunity to review the draft environmental impact statement
concerning the Condominium Business Park to be located in Tukwila. Due
to time constraints, we were unable to review this particular statement and have
therefore developed no substantive comments regarding it.
In addition to reviewing those statements that time permits, we utilize impact
statements to obtain information on what is occurring within the region and maintain
the statement in our library for public perusal. Toward these ends, we very
much appreciate receiving your statement even though we could not conduct
a technical review.
Mart Kask Executive Director
MK /DLK /dc
DANIEL J. EVANS
GOVERNOR
ROOM 115, GENERAL ADMINISTRATION BUILDING • PHONE 753 -6600
OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON 98504
February 4, 1974
Mr. Richard B. Hansen, Planning Coordinator
City of Tukwila
6230 Southcenter Blvd.
Tukwila, WA 98067
Dear Mr. Hansen:
THOR C. TOLLEFSON
DIRECTOR
We have been requested to comment upon a draft Environmental Impact
Statement for a proposed Condominium Business Park in Tukwila. Although the
salmon resources of the Green River are adequately described for the purposes
of this report, we are particularly concerned over your statements on the
continuing deleterious trend in water quality created by increased flows of
storm water directly into the Green River. Because most coho salmon remain
in fresh water during their first year of life, the low dissolved oxygen con-
tent in the Green- Duwamish River from July through September is also of con-
cern. Therefore, we believe that mitigative measures, such as green belts,
must be applied along the entire Green River to maintain water quality and
anadromous fish runs.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on this EIS.
Sincerely,
Gilbert A. Holland
Fisheries Research Coordinator
cc: D. L. Lundblad - Dept. of Ecology
E. S. Dziedzic - Dept. of Game
3
WASHINGTON STATE •
HIGHWAY COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS
Highway Administration Building
Olympia, Washington 98504 (206) 753 -6005
Mr. Richard B. Hanson
Acting Planning Coordinator
City of Tukwila
6230 Southcenter Blvd.
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Dear Mr. Hanson:.
Daniel J. Evans- Governor
G.H. Andrews - Director
January 28, 1974
Condominium Business Park
City of Tukwila
Draft Environmental Statement
Reference is- made lb your transmittal letter dated January 4,. requesting our
review of the Draft Environmental Statement for the proposed'Condominium
Business Park.
We have completed our review and feel the cumulative effect of the traffic .
volumes generated by the many industrial centers within the area should be
explored. The cumulative adverse effects to the air, noise and water pollu-
tion on the Tukwila area should also be evaluated.
The traffic from this business park added to that of the many other develop-
ments could cause extensive congestion on SR 181 and increase the already
overcrowded conditions existing on .SR 405.
METRO Transit in their planning with the Puget Sound Governmental Conference
and the Highway Department has requested an exclusive transit lane on SR 181
in the proposed project vicinity. This could further reduce the available
traffic lanes in the area.
We also notice the possible omission of a request for a Shorelines Management
permit on the summary page and on page 10, item b, other laws.
Thank you for the opportunity to review this information.
Sincerely,
GHA:eh
HRG
A. H. Parker Chairman
Bremerton
Harold Walsh
Everett
Baker Ferguson
Walla Walla
G. H. ANDREWS
Director of Highways
,te
By: H. R. GO
Assistant Director for
Planning, Research and State Aid
Virginia K. Gunby
Snattla
Howard Sorensen
Fllonchnro
Harold L. Boulac
corrotnrtr
GOVERNOR
DANIEL J. EVANS
COMMISSIONERS:
JEFF D. DOMASKIN
THOMAS C. GARRETT
MRS. KAY GREEN
RALPH E. MACKEY
JAMES G. McCURDY
JAMES W. WHITTAKER
WILFRED R. WOODS
DIRECTOR
CHARLES H. ODEGAARD
•
WASHINGTON STATE
PARES & RECREATION COMMISSION
LOCATION: THURSTON AIRDUSTRIAL CENTER PHONE 753 -5755
P. O. BOX 1128 OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON 98504
City of Tukwila
Planning Department
6230 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Gentlemen:
January 14, 1974
Draft Environmental Impact Statement - Administrative
Approval Procedures for Condominium Business Park
The Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission has
reviewed the above -noted draft environmental impact state-
ment and does not wish to make any comment at this time.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment.
Sincerely,
David W. Heiser
Assistant Chief
Research, Planning, and
Acquisition
ljh
3
•
Frank Todd, Mayor
CITY or TUKWILA
6230 SOUTHCENTER BLVD.
TUKWI LA, WASHINGTON 98067
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Gentlemen:
4 January 1974
Please fine enclosed herewith a copy of the Environ-
mental Impact Statement prepared for a project entitled
Condominium Business Park to be located within the
corporate limits of Tukwila.
The statement has been reviewed by this office in
accordance with the National and State Environmental
Policy Acts as well as in regard to Federal, State,
regional and local plans and programs.
This office would appreciate any comments regarding
this Statement within forty -five (45) days from date
of this letter. Please relate your comments in writing
and direct them to this office at 6230 Southcenter
Boulevard, Tukwila, Washington 98067.
It
Sincerely,
Richard B. Hansen
Acting Planning Coordinator
KWILA
NMENTAL
MENT
liggigEAsTIVE
EMPAINIY1(
pTE
SUMMARY SHEET
Nature of this Report: Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Sponsor: City of Tukwila Planning Department
6230 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98067
Type of Proposed Action: Administrative decisions by. the City of Tukwila
in review of proposals and permit approvals for the construction and operation
of a condominium business park by Don Koll Northwest.
Official Title of Proposed Action:
a. Official Action - Permits to be granted:
1. Building Permit
2. Sewer and Water Permit
3. Permits to power, natural gas, and telephone utilities.
b. Other Official Revew and Approvals:
1. Review of State Department of Ecology Flood Zone Permits by
Public Works Director.
2. Review of storm drainage system by Public Works Director.
3. Review of plans, site plans, elevations and related work by
the City of Tukwila.
4. Approval by the Environmental Protection Agency Region X
for management of parking supply.
. Summary of Environmental Impacts.:
a. Topographic /Geologic Impact
Impact to the topography and geology is expected to be minimal
inasmuch as the subject site was covered years ago with artifical
fill derived from land cuts resulting from freeway construction.
b. Biological Impact
Although construction of the proposed complex is part of a continuing
trend of development along the Green River, the cumulative effects
of which may be adverse to biological systems, biological impact
as a result of the proposed complex is expected to be minimal.
Herbaceous ground cover will be removed and as a consequence, part
of a bird foraging habitat will be lost.
c. Hydrological and Water Quality Impact
Paved surfaces will inhibit groundwater recharge and will contribute
to lowering of the local water table. Surface runoff will contain
increased suspended solids, hydrocarbons and heat input.
d. Air Quality Impact
The greatest contribution to the existing level of air contaminants
will result from vehicular pollutants associated with mobile sources
in and around the subject site.
e. Noise Impact
Although noise generated on site will increase due to construction
activities, the long range noise impact is not expected to be
significant.
f.. Traffic Impact
No traffic problems are expected and adjacent arterials should
function adequately
CITY OF TUKWILA
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE APPROVAL PROCEDURES FOR
CONDOMINIUM BUSINESS PARK
BY DON KOLL NORTHWEST
TUKWILA, KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON
PURSUANT TO:
WASHINGTON STATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT OF 1971
CHAPTER 43.21 C. R.C.W.
CITY OF TUKWILA, ORDINANCE NO. 759
A. THE PROPOSED ACTION
1. Type of Action
The City of Tukwila will undertake administrative actions and approval
procedures to permit the construction and operation of a proposed
condominium business park by Don Koll Northwest. All review and
permit procedures are prescribed by Tukwila City ordinances and have
been codified within the Tukwila Municipal Code.
2. Location and General Features of the Project Site (Refer to
Location Map, Figure A)
The development resulting from the proposed action will occur on a 17.3
acre site adjacent to the Green River within the corporate limits of the
City of Tukwila. It is bounded on three sides by the Green River, and
Interurban Avenue forms the westerly boundary. Southcenter Boulevard
intersects Interurban Avenue near the site.
3. Development Resulting From the Proposed Action (Refer to Figure B)
The proposed action will allow the development of a condominium
business park on the subject site. The developers have furnished the
following description:
"One of the nation's leaders in the development of garden office and
industrial parks has selected a unique site in the City of Tukwila for
the first condominium business park. The site is ideally situated on
a 17 acre peninsula of the Green River with access to Interurban
-1-
N
..
Avenue at its intersection with Southcenter Boulevard. The project
will be set distinctly apart from a multiplicity of other existing and
proposed industrial, commercial, residential and recreational develop-
ments. Yet, it will provide in their midst a truly supportive and
stable element to the business life of the community.
The project will be constructed pursuant to the "Horizontal Property
Regimes Act" of the State of Washington and the required Condominium
Declaration will be filled. The property will be developed with indiv-
idual.buildings. The land underneath these buildings will then be sold
to various purchasers who will own each individual building. The balance
of the site, consisting of ingress and egress, driveways, parking, land-
scaping, and truck loading areas will be in the form of a condominium
association wherein each individual building owner will own an undivided
interest in said common areas by the way of a Condominium Agreement.
The project will consist of office and light industrial
buildings. Nine of the buildings will be allotted for office purposes
and will vary in size from 4,800 to 10,000 square feet. Approximately
seventeen of the buildings will be allotted for light industrial purposes
and will vary in size from 6,000 to 10,000 square feet. The maximum
height of the industrial buildings will not exceed 21 feet with many not
exceeding 14 feet . in height. Buildings will be arranged in clusters so
that in the case of the light industrial buildings, all office space and
building fronts will face on the outside of the cluster and will have
views across landscaped areas. Most buildings will have a vista to
the Green River. In such an arrangement, the truck doors and' related
uses are on the inside building walls of the cluster and are effectively
screened from view by the buildings themselves. A further refinement
of the site plan arrangement will effectively create a varying exposure
of the buildings and make possible suitable areas in which proportional .
landscape masses can be achieved to create specific effects for
screening and viewing, and to provide wildlife habitat. Building and
landscape design will be accomplished in a complementary manner so
that building textures and colors will be accented by the selected
landscaped plantings of trees, shrubs and lawns.
As a result of intensive cooperation with the designers of the 50 acre
King County South Area Athletic Park, access to the subject site will
also serve as access to the park. The access will be aesthetically
pleasing, complementary, and completely functional for each use. A
pedestrian and bicycle path with bermed landscaping and boulevard trees,
will be created by the design specifications within the minimum road
right -of -way. Provision for employee access and ample parking, along with
the campus style arrangement for internal traffic ways, will simplify and
reduce the requirement for public streets.
Preservation of the original design and intentions is provided for in
the recorded, "Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions ", which are
attached in perpetuity to the title of the land. These "Covenants,
Conditions and Restrictions" describe in detail the responsibility of
the property owners and the actions available to insure compliance
with the terms. Furthermore, the "Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions"
are more stringent than zoning, in that pollution (acoustical, visual,
air, etc.) regulations are included.
In all respects, the proposed action should result in an aesthetically
pleasing project, whether viewed from the high hillside residential
areas surrounding it or casually observed by passing pedestrians,
bicyclists, or motorists on the way to the park. The completed project
will provide a pleasant work environment for employees and visitors."
4. Justification For the Proposed Action
The 'proposed action is in accordance with and represents the lawful
implementation of previously determined City of Tukwila policies, as
embodied within official plans, ordinances, and resolutions.
Further justification for the proposed action can be found in its
economic viability. The park concept for industry, business, and
research was originally designed to insure compatibility between
onsite land use and the existing activities and character of the
community in which the park is located. Also, mixed uses such as
offices and light industry, allow for more flexibility among tenants
and more readily allow for accommodation or transition to other land.
uses.
-5-
Site characteristics, such as proximity to freeways, airports, and
supporting services, are also important factors in the viability of a
business park. The subject site has a close geographical relationship
with the north -south segment of the freeway system serving the Puget
Sound region. The Seattle- Tacoma Airport, motel facilities, and a
major shopping center are located nearby.
Some indication of the regional demand for a park setting for offices
and light industry can be obtained by examining the vacancy rate of
similar existing facilities. While the development resulting from the
proposed action is unique in that it is a business condominium, the
nearby Andover Industrial Park is similar in some aspects. This park
was over 50% occupied after being on the market less than 6 months.
5 Proposed Method ,of Financing and Financial Sponsors
The proposed action, as a series of administrative actions, will entail
no expenditure of public funds outside of those normally required to
support city administrative processes for a project of this size. The
commercial and business development of the project site, occurring as
a consequence of the proposed action, will be financed with private
capital.
6. Historical Background and Past Planning Decisions
• Land Use
The subject area lies within the lower Green River Valley. Farming
began in the Nineteenth Century with dairying as the predominant
land use in the valley. Truck farming was also carried on, but
high water table and poor drainage minimized this use. Agricultural
use remained dominant until the 1950's when industrialization of
the valley lands began.
This industrial growth was stimulated by a number of factors, but
one of the most important was the proximity of transportation
systems which have historically been routed through the Green River
Valley. Geography sets severe constraints on the location of
transportation routes in the Puget Sound Region. Seattle responded
to the early predominance of Tacoma as the major railroad terminus
on Puget Sound with the building of the Seattle and Spokane
Railroad Line, which later became part of the Chicago, Milwaukee,
St. Paul and Pacific Railroad's main line up through the Duwamish,
and the lower Green and Maple Valleys. In the late 1800's and
early 1900's other railroads, i.e., the Northern Pacific and Great
Northern, and the Milwaukee and Union Pacific built nearly parallel
tracks through the Green River Valley on routes connecting Tacoma
and Seattle. These railroads were supplemented by a system of
highways constructed in the first quarter of this century.
The move toward industrial development in the valley began when
planners for the Port of Seattle suggested an ambitious scheme to
turn the Duwamish and Green River Valleys into a large industrial
complex complete with a shipping canal to service the area. Local
communities countered this proposal by annexing large land . areas
and imposing their own industrial zoning on the land.
This zoning in the valley, plus high increases in residential and
commercial development on the adjacent hillsides, and the subsequent
building of the freeway system (again to some extent dictated by
geographic and topographic features), all contributed to the present
rush of industrial and commercial development that is not expected
to abate for several more years.
b., Flood Control
Prior to 1900, the Green River, with two tributaries, the White
and Black Rivers, flowed northward through, and frequently across,
the valley floor. The Black River was the outlet for Lake Wash-
ington, Lake Sammamish, and the Cedar River basin. In 1906 the
White River changed course during a flood and was thereafter
permanently diverted into the Stuck and Puyallup Rivers. Con-
struction of the. Lake 'Washington Ship Canal in 1916 resulted in
the lowering of Lake Washington, permitting the Cedar River to be
turned north into the lake and shutting off flow through the Black
River.
With flow through the Green River Valley thus drastically reduced,
use of the valley floor for farming became more feasible. Farm
-7-
owners, individually and by districts, constructed low dikes along
the Green River, which, while not effective against major winter
floods, did permit the land to be worked earlier in the spring and
later in the fall. Drainage District No. 1 serves the area within
which the subject site occurs.
In 1962, Howard A. Hanson Dam was completed about 30 miles upriver
from Auburn. The Eagle Gorge was the best available site for
storage and was utilized to its maximum practicable capacity.
Major floodflows were reduced to the maximum capacity of the river
channel within its existing dikes, which is less than 12,000 second -
feet at Auburn. By the way of comparison, a natural flow of 24,000
second-feet occurred in 1933.
During the 1960's, the Soil Conservation Service, in conjunction
with the Green River Flood Control Zone District (administered by
King County), completed planning for a valley drainage system.
The network of channels, large capacity pumping plants in the valley
and selected land treatment measures operate to preserve favorable
hydrologic conditions in the upland. During storm periods, interior
valley drainage will be pumped into the Green River at several
locations. The main pumping plant at the mouth of the Black River
was completed in 1972. In the near future, as the drainage dis-
charge from this and other pumping plants adds to the controlled
flood release from Hanson Dam, the existing river channel capacity
could be exceeded during extreme flood conditions and simultaneous,
abnormal valley storm runoff. This was recognized in the Soil
Conservation Report on the drainage system.
The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers was authorized by Congress to
initiate a flood control study of the Green - Duwamish River in 1960.
In 1966, with the cooperation of King County, the study was revised
to include investigation of the possibility of reducing flows as
controlled by Hanson Dam and increasing channel capacity from
Auburn to the Duwamish turning basin to accommodate increased
flows resulting from the SCS project. Study funding terminated in
1968, but resumed in July, 1970. The Corps has investigated
-8-
alternative flood control measures and integration of these with
enhanced opportunity for recreation. Further action awaits a King
County investigation of the potential influence of flood control
implementation upon land use patterns in the valley.
c. History of Commercial and Industrial Development
Historically, the growth of the City of Tukwila has related closely .
to the growth and economic prosperity of the Seattle Metropolitan
Area. At the time of incorporation in 1908, Tukwila was a small,
thriving trade center astride the main Seattle- Tacoma Highway, but
construction of alternate routes bypassing Tukwila, the East and
West Highways and Route 99, left this town with a declining
commercial base. The construction of two interstate freeways con-
verging in. Tukwila provided excellent accessibility to the study
area.
The annexation of a large area of bottom land to the south of the
city dramatically increased the potential for industrial and -
commercial development.
During the interval of 1966 through 1968, the Seattle metropolitan
area, as a whole, experienced accelerated economic and population
growth in part due to the Boeing Company's decision to establish
three new centers employing 7,000 to 20,000 persons. Two of these
centers were located in the Green River Valley. This increase in
employment and rising land values created a more accelerated urban
spatial growth pattern in the vicinity of the study area than might
otherwise have occurred had the area not received this input.
Also, . during the last six years, construction was completed on the
Southcenter Shopping Center, and construction was initiated for
Andover Industrial Park.
Thus, within the Green River Valley, the present pace of urban
expansion is due to: 1) a flood control dam on the upper Green
River in 1962, 2) the existence of a freeway and rail corridor,
3) the Boeing Company Aerospace facilities, and 4) the Southcenter
regional shopping center and the contiguous industrial park.
7. Relationship With Existing Laws, Policies and Plans
City Laws
City ordinances prescribe that the following permits be issued and
the following review procedures be undertaken with regard to any
proposed land development:
1) Permits
a) Building Permits (ORD. 578, S.1, 1969; ORD 678 (part),
1971).
b) Sewer and Water Permits (ORD. 264, S.2, 1958; ORD. 342,
1961).
c) Permits to power, natural gas, and telephone utilities for
use of City rights -of -way (ORD. 486, S.3 (A), 1967).
2) Reviews:
a) Review of State, Department of Ecology Flood Zone Permits
by Public Works Director.
b) Review of storm drainage system discharge by Public Works
Director.
c) Review of plans, site plans, elevations, and landscaping
plans by Board of Architectural Review at a public meeting
(ORD. 635, ORD. 251).
Review of curb cut 'locations by Planning Commission at a
public meeting.
The proposed development meets the requirements of the City
Zoning Ordinance. It is located within "M -1 ", Light Industrial
Zone. All construction is subject to the controls of that
district.
b. Other Laws
In compliance with R.C.W. 86.16, Flood Control Zones have been
established throughout the State. The proposed site is within the
Green River Flood Control Zone District (Flood Control Zone I1),
which requires that all buildings be set back 30 feet from the river.
All projects within this zone must be issued a flood zone permit
by the State Department of Ecology. The King County Department
of Public Works, Division of Hydraulics, has traditionally
reviewed applications for flood zone permits in King County on
behalf of the Department of Ecology. Development in this zone,
including the proposed site, is guided by a comprehensive storm
drainage plan for hillsides and valley floors.
In compliance with recent Federal legislation, C.F.R. 52.2486
regarding the management of the supply of parking, approval will
be required to authorize the construction of over fifty parking
spaces. The Environmental Protection Agency will review such
factors as the traffic which will be generated and the impact
of such traffic on the ambient air quality. The proposed project
w i l l be constructed in compliance with thu requirements of t h i s
apprt;ya l .
c. Policies and Plans
The complex that will occur as a result of the proposed
action will be consistent with local land use policies and plans.
The Tukwila Comprehensive Plan notes that Tukwila is part of the
Seattle Metropolitan area, and its growth is predicated on the
continued growth and prosperity of this larger region. Tukwila
is once again becoming a trading center and is serving a regional
market with the construction of several industrial parks and the
Southcenter Regional Shopping Center.
The Tukwila Comprehensive Plan adopted in 1962 provided a basic
rationale for development along the Green River which is still
in effect today. At the time of adoption, the Tukwila
Comprehensive Plan recommended use of the Green River Valley Flood
Plain, including the project site, for industrial purposes. It
was noted that while filling is usually necessary to develop these
sites, large, valuable, flat industrial sites can be created. As
noted previously, several industrial parks and a regional shopping
center have been built within the last 6 years. Development on
most of the remaining sites is scheduled in the near future.
Regional land use policica are determined by the Puget Sound
Governmental Conference (PSGC). On the Interim Regional Land
Use Plan, most of the site is suggested to be developed for .
industrial purposes. The remainder is designated as open space.
8. Public Participation
Incorporated within the administrative procedures which comprise the
proposed action area number of public hearing requirements. The
proposed action implements adopted City Policies, as embodied primarily
in Council Resolutions, the Comprehensive Plan, the Comprehensive
Zoning Ordinance, and other provisions of the Municipal Code. Each of
these has been subjected to public review during the normal course of
adoption.
Public participation has been an important part of the decision - making
and policy adoption by other agencies having jurisdiction for planning
and implementation of policies influencing development in the Green,
River Valley. As an example, the Corps of Engineers has conducted a
series of public hearings in conjunction with their investigations of
alternative flood control measures for the Green-Duwamish River
described above. The Puget Sound Governmental Conference, the regional
planning agency, has invited citizen input in the formulation of the
Interim Regional Development Plan. Also, the Parking Management approval
procedure's provide for a thirty day period for public comments on each
project.
9. Actions Remaining For Implementation
The actions remaining for implementation of the proposed development
of commercial and business complex are the administrative reviews
previously described.
B. Existing Conditions
1._ Natural Setting
a. Topography and Drainage
The subject site is situated inside a meander loop on a mature
river floodplain, topographically expressed as a broad flat -
floored valley delimited by Tukwila and Riverton Heights uplands
on the north and west as well as the Renton Highlands,on the
east. In general, the valley's natural topography has been
altered by construction of flood control levees, stream channeli-
zation, highway cut and fill, railroad embankments as well as
extensive and ongoing filling for land development.
Relief on the floodplain is generally less than 5 feet. Regional
relief is 400 to 600 feet. The project area has a mean elevation
of approximately 25 feet.
Surface water that runs off the site flows directly into the Green
River.
b. Geology
1) Recent Regional Geologic History
During the last glaciation (Vashon), approximately 3,500 feet
of ice covered the subject site. As the Vashon Glacier
retreated north, ice - marginal and north - flowing rivers were
dammed, creating ice - dammed lakes. Post - glacial lacustrine
sediment was deposited in the Green River Valley during this
period.
Eventually, as the ice continued to abate or melt, and retreat
northward, the Strait of Juan de Fuca became ice -free, and the
ocean invaded the lower Green River Valley. In the 10,000 to
15,000 years since the glacial activity within the Green River
Valley, this embayment has slowly filled with alluvium deposited
by the flood waters of the'White, Cedar, Black, and Green
Rivers.
-13-
■
At first, the Green and Cedar Rivers built large fans into
the embayment, which remained until about 5,000 years ago.
At this time, the Osceola mudlfow came down the White River
Valley from Mount Rainier, forcing the White River to flow
into the Green River Valley rather than into the South Prairie
Creek and Puyallup River Valleys. Until 1906, when its entire
flow was diverted south into the Puyallup River Valley during
a flood, the White River was the predominant source of the
sediments which were deposited as a large alluvial fan in
the Green River Valley, covering the older deposits and filling
the valley to nearly its present level. As the profile of the
valley stabilized and the White River began to meander back
and forth across the valley floor, normal flood plain deposits
were laid down as a thin but persistent blanket over the ,fan
deposits.
The Black and Cedar Rivers, which had flowed into the White
and Duwamish Rivers near the subject site, were diverted into
Lake Washington in 1917 when the lake level was lowered as a
consequence of the Lake Washington Ship Canal project. Since
this time, only a thin layer of alluvium has been deposited
in the lower Green River Valley floodplain by the Green River.
Nearly all of the alluvial material underlying the subject
site can be assumed to be White River alluvium, overlain by a
variable thickness of White -Green River flood plain deposits.
White River alluvium varies in depth throughout the Green
River Valley, often exceeding six hundred feet in thickness.
Approximately one hundred feet of alluvium underlies the
subject site, below which dense basalt bedrock occurs.
Soils and Environmental Geology
The subject site was covered years ago with artificial fill
which was derived from the land cuts resulting from the construc-
tion of 1 -5 and 1 -405. The artificial fill consists of a fairly
compact mixture of gravel, sand, silt and clay. Surface water
tends to pond in the less compact depressions in the fill.
-14-
■
•
Underlying the fill materials is Puyallup very fine sandy
loam, a. low bottom soil characteristic of portions of the
Green River flood plain. Typically, the surface soil in this
part of the Green River Valley is an organic -rich very fine,
sandy loam containing 25 to 50 percent organic matter. The
upper subsoil is composed of light grayish -brown interstrati-
fied silt, fine sand, and clayey layers with blue, gray, and
brown mottling, and some organic stains. Roots and wood
fragments are common. The lower subsoil is 24 to 70 inches
thick and is composed of bluish -gray stratified sands mottled
by rust-brown iron stains.
Even with the low intake rate of articificial fill, the
subject area is moderately useful as a groundwater recharge
area. Good water- bearing strata (aquifers) are presentlbe-
neath the site.
The subject site is surrounded by the Green - Duwamish River on
three sides. The river as well as the river banks have been
altered from the natural state by previous human activities and
developments. Historically, the Green River Valley experienced
minor topographical alterations during the previous farming and
levee construction activities. As mentioned previously, river
flows have been controlled since the completion of the Howard
A. Hanson Dam about 30 miles upriver from Auburn. The river
bank on the east side of the subject site was straightened to
accommodate a railroad embankment. Rip -rap has been placed on
both the natural and cut banks of the river. Where rip -rap is
not present, only minor landsliding and gullying by surface
waters has occurred.
c. Biology
1) Botany
The natural or original botanical population of the project
site Was almost entirely destroyed some time ago. A few
small remnants can be observed at the eastern end of the site
near the steep river embankment. Trees and shrubs are absent
except for the occurrence of an occasional seedling of alder,
willow, cottonwood, or big -leaf maple. On the flat surface
of the project site, the flora consists almost entirely of
weedy Eurasian herbs (i.e., introduced weeds) and native
"weeds ", indicating a complete disruption of the original
plant community.
A.survey of plant species found in the study area is presented
in Table 1. The survey indicates that no rare or irreplaceable
plant species are found on the site.
2) Biology
a) Birds
The subject site lies within the Green River watershed,
which is part of the Pacific migratory waterfowl flyway.
Before settlement by western man, the area was rich in
open freshwater, freshwater marshes, meadows, deciduous
and coniferous forest habitats. Because of the.availa-
bility of these habitats, the flood plain of the Green
River was a haven for a great variety of wildlife through-
out the entire year. As the area was slowly turned into
farmlands, its importance increased as a wintering ground
for many northern migrant birds as well as a resting place
for migrants going on further south. The open farm fields
probably provided excellent forage areas. Also there
were probably evanescent ponds for waterfowl and shore
birds during the winter season.
The two recognizable habitat types on or contiguous to
the project site are "early successional" and "open fresh-
water". Both, however, are rather poor examples of these
habitat types.
During a bird species inventory conducted in August,
thirty species were observed (Table 2). The low number
of species observed was due to several factors. First,
the field inventory was conducted in August when the bird
population is at a seasonal low. Summer residents have
COMMON' NAME GENUS SPECIES
Shepherd's purse *Capsella bursa - pastoris
pineapple weed Matricaria matricarioides
prostrate knotweed Polygonum aviculare
lady's thumb Polygonum persecaria
lamb's quarters Chenopodium album
English ryegrass Lolium perenne
big leaf maple Acer macrophyllum (1 seedling)
Scouler willow Salix scouleriana
Red Alder Alnus rubra
Canada thistle *Cirsium arvense
common thistle *Cirsium vulgare
stinging nettle Ur.tica dioica
canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacca
Himalayan blackberry *Rubus procera
sedge Carex sp.
creeping buttercup *Rananculus repens
wild lettuce Lactuca sp.
ribwort *plantago lanceolata
black cottonwood Populus trichocarpa
hawk's beard *Crepis capillaris
cattail Typha latifolia
cat's ear *Hypochaeris radicata
common tansy *Tanacetum vulgare
dutch clover *Trifolium repens
least hop clover *Trifolium dubium
red clover Trifolium pratense
white sweetclover *Melilotus alba
nippleseed Plantago major
horsetail Equisetum arvense
spiraea Spiraea douglasii
mayweed chamomile *Anthemis cotula
vetch Vicia sp.
Yorkshire -fog *Holcus lanatus
common rush Juncus effusus
* Introduced Weed
Table 1: Floral assemblage of project area
in August, 1973.
finished breeding for the year and are forming flocks in
which they will winter, either in other local habitats
(there were many Brewer's Blackbird and Redwing Blackbird
flocks attracted to the grain around Longacres racetrack),
or in habitats further south. Also, bird species which
pass through Washington on the way to their southern
wintering grounds are just beginning to arrive in the
area, and the resident winter species have not yet arrived.
As far as species counts are concerned, the project site
probably has its greatest bird diversity in early spring
or very late fall.
A second factor causing the low bird species count is
that the habitats, as mentioned earlier, are not of prime
quality.. Further, the project site is situated in the
middle of semi -rural land which is rapidly becoming.
industrialized. The site is bordered on the west side
by a five lane highway. To the south is a dairy farm
and Highway 405, with Longacres racetrack beyond. To
the east and across the river are the mainline tracks
which are used by the Union Pacific and the Milwaukee
Road. Persistent air traffic, much of which consisted
of low flying helicopters, occurs in the vicinity of the
project site. Thus, the project site is immersed in a
constant artificial din (see noise section of this report)
which has affected the use of the subject site as a bird
habitat. Based on these observations, all rare and uncommon
birds have probably long since abandoned the area.
Based on the work of Dr. R. Taber, College of Forest
Resources, University of Washington, and Dr. D. Paulson,
Department of Zoology, University of Washington, it is
possible to project the number and type of species of
birds which might be observed in a particular area based
on available habitat types. Based on the two available
habitat types, a list of species which might be seen in
and around the subject site (if an extended survey were
-18-
conducted) is presented in Table 3. When the projected
species lists for the two habitats are combined, 88
species should, theoretically, be seen in these two
habitat types at some time during the year.
_19_
COMMON NAME GENUS SPECIES SEASON* ABUNDANCE*
Mallards Anas platyrhychos R C
California Quail Lophorthx californicus R C
Ring- necked Pheasants Phaaiants colchicus R C
Western Sandpipers Ereunetes mauri M C
Herring Gulls Larus argentatus R C
Band - tailed Pigeons Columba fasciata R C
Rock Doves (feral) Columba Livia R C
Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon R C
Hairy Woodpecker Endrocopas villosus R C
Traill's Flycatchers Empidonax traillii S C
Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica S C
Tree Swallows Iridoprocne bicolor S C
Violet -green Swallows Tachycineta thalassina S C
Rough- winged Swallows Stelgidop- ruficolis S C
teryx
Steller's Jays Cyanocitta stelleri R C
Common Crows Corvus brachyrhynchos R C
Black- capped Chickadees Parus atricapillus R C
Common Bushtits Psaltriparus minimus R C
Robins Turdus migratorius R C
Starlings Sturnus vulgaris R C
Yellow Warblers Dendroica petechia S C
Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas S C
House Sparrows Passer domesticu's R C
Purple Finches Carpodacus purpureus R C
House Finches Carpodacus mexicanus R C
American Goldfinch Spinus tristis R C
Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis R C
White- crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys R C
Golden- crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla W C
Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia R C
* R = Resident. S = Summer. W = Winter. M = Migrant. C = Common.
Table 2: Birds seen on the project site,
August 17, 1973. Total species = 30.
COMMON NAME
Early Successional
Red - tailed Hawk
Rough- legged Hawk
Marsh Hawk
Gyrfalcon
Sparrow Hawk
Killdeer
Common Snipe
California Gull
Ring - billed Gull
Mew Gull.
Mourning Dove
Barn Owl
Short -eared Owl
Common Nighthawk.
Horned Lark
Cliff Swallow
Water Pipit
Northern Shrike
Western Meadowlark
Red - winged Blackbird
Brewer's Blackbird
Brown - headed Cowbird
Lapland Longspur
Snow Bunting.
Open Freshwater
Common Loon
Red - necked Grebe
Horned Grebe
Eared Grebe
Western Grebe
Pied - billed Grebe
Great Blue Heron
Green Heron
American Bittern
Canada Goose
Gadwell
Pintail
Green - winged Teal
Blue- winged Teal
European Widgeon
American Widgeon
Shoveler
Redhead
TABLE 3
GENUS
Buteo
Buteo
Circus
Falco
Falco
Characrius
Capella
Larus
Larus
Larus
Zena idura
Tyto
Asio'
Chordeiles
Eremophila
Petrochelidon
Anthus
Lanius
Sturnella
Agelaius
Euphagus
Mo1othrus
Calcarius
Plectrophenax
Gavia
Podiceps
Podiceps
Podiceps
Aechmophorus
Podilymbus
Ardea
Butorides
Botaurus
Branta
Anas
Anas
Anas
Anas
Mareca
Mareca
Spatula
Aythya
SPECIES SEASON- ABUNDANCE*
jamaicensis R
lagopus W
cyaneus R
rusticolus W
sparverius R
vociferus W,R
gallinago W,R
californicus M
delawarensis M
canus M
macroura S
alba R
flammeus R
minor S
alpestris S
pyrrhonota S
spinoletta W
ludovicianus W
neglecta R
phoeniceus R
cyanocephalus R
ater S
lapponicus W
nivalis W
immer W,M
grisegena W
auritus W,M
caspious W,M
occidentalis W,M
podiceps W,R
herodias R
virescens R
lentiginosus R
canadensis W,R
strepera W
acuta W
carolinensis W
discors S
penelope W
americana W
cylpeata W
americana W,M
C
C
C
R
C
C
C
C
C
R
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
U
C
C
C
C
U
R
U
U
U
C
C
C
C
U
C
C
C
C
C
C
R
C
C
C
Open Freshwater (Continued)
COMMON NAME. GENUS
Canvasback Aythya
Greater Scaup Aythya
Lesser Scaup Aythya
Common Goldeneye Bucephala
Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala
Bufflehead Bucephala
Ruddy Duck Oxyura
Hooded Merganser Lophodytes
Common Merganser Mergus
Red - breasted Merganser Mergus
Marsh Hawk Circus
American Coot. Fulica
Semipalmated Plover Charadrius
American Golden Plover Pluvialis
Black - bellied Plover Squatarola
Common Snipe , Capella
Long - billed Curlew Numenius
Whimbrel Numenius
Spotted Sandpiper Actitis
Solitary Sandpiper Tringa
Willet Catoptro-
phorus
Greater Yellowlegs Totanus
Lesser Yellowlegs Totanus
Knot Calidris
Sharp- tailed Sandpiper Erolia
Pectoral Sandpiper Erolia
Baird's Sandpiper Erolia
Least Sandpiper Erolia
Dunlin Erolia
Long - Billed Dowitcher Limnodromus
Stilt Sandpiper Micropalama
Semipalmated Sandpiper Ereunetes
Marbled Godwit Limnosa
Sanderling Crocethia
Northern Phalarope Libipes
Wilson's Phalarope Steganopus
Glaucous - winged Gull Larus
California Gull Larus
Ring- billed Gull Larus
Mew Gull Larus
Franklin's Gull Larus
SPECIES SEASON* ABUNDANCE*
valisineria W
marila W,M
affinis W,M
clangula W
islandica W
albeola W
jamaicensis W
cucullatus R
merganser W
serrator M,W
cyaneus R
americana W,R
semipalmatus M
dominica M
squatarola W,M
gallinago W,M
americanus M
phaeopus M
macularia M
solitaria M
semipalmatus M
melanoleucus M
flavipes M
canutus M
acuminata F
melanotos F
bairdii M
minuti l la M
alpina W
scolopaceus M
himantopus F
pusillus F
fedoa M
alba W
lobatus M
tricolor M
glaucescens R
californicus M
delawarensis M
canus W
pipixcan F
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
U
U
R
C
C
R
R
R
R
R
R
C
C
R
C
R
R
C
C
C
R
C
R
U
R
U
C
C
R
C
C
U
R
Open Freshwater (Continued)
COMMON NAME
Bonaparte's Gull
Forster's Tern
Long-billed Marsh. Wren
Yellowthroat
Red - winged Blackbird
•
GENUS
Larus
Sterna
Telmatodytes
Geothlypis
Agelaius
SPECIES SEASON* ABUNDANCE*
philadelphia
forsteri
palustris
trichas
phoeniceus,
M
R
S
R
U
C
C
C
*R = Resident.
S = .Summer.
C = Common.
F = Fall.
U = Uncommon.
W = Winter. M = Migrant
R = Rare.
Table 3: Birds which might be seen in the two
habitat types found on the project
site. (Based on the work of
Dr. R. Taber, College of Forest
Resources, University of Washington,
and Dr. D. Paulson, Department of
Zoology, University of Washington).
Combined species total = 88.
- �3-
b) Mammals
Mammals observed on the subject site included the Eastern
Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and the Long- tailed
Weasel (Mustela frenata). Mammal species seen on the
subject site were limited in numbers (Table 4A). Species
which might theoretically be seen on the site are presented
in Table 4B. Many of these species are probably present
but were not observed because of their nocturnal habits.
Others may be absent due to human activity in the area.
c) Fish
No standing water occurs on the project site. However,
the site is bounded on the north, east, and south by the
Green River, which supports significant populations and
runs of fishes.
Most of the chinook runs are produced from fry or finger-
lings released from the Washington State Department of
Fisheries' Hatchery located on the Soos Creek tributary.
Much natural spawning by chinook and other species of
salmon also occurs. The fisheries resources at the Green
River have been estimated to be worth over $3,000,000 by
the Washington State Department of Fisheries. Species
of fish known to occupy the river area adjacent to the
project site at some time during the year are listed in
Table 5.
COMMON NAME GENUS SPECIES
Cottontail
Long- tailed Weasel
Sylvilagus floridanus
Mustela frenata
Table 4A: Mammals observed on the subject site.
COMMON NAME
GENUS SPECIES
Vagrant Shrew Sorex vagrans
Dusky Shrew Sorex obscurus
Shrew -mole Neurotrichus gibbsii
Coast Mole Scapanus orarius
Mountain Beaver Aplodontia rufa
Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
Oregon Vole Microtus oregoni
Pacific Jumping Mouse Zapus trinotatus
Raccoon Procyon lotor
Short-tailed Weasel Mustella erminea
Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis
Norway Rate Rattus norvegicus
Townsend's Mole Scapanus townsendii
Townsend's Mole Microtus townsendii
Beaver Castor canadensis
Table 4B: Mammal species which might be
seen on the subject site.. (Based
on the work of Dr. R. Taber, College
of Forest Resources, University of
Washington and Dr. D. R. Paulson,
Department of Zoology, University
of Washington). Total species = 15.
COMMON NAME GENUS SPECIES
Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch.
Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta
Cutthroat trout Sa.lmo clarki
Steelhead trout Salmo gairdneri
Dolly Varden trout Salvelinus malma
Prickly sculpin Cottus asper
Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
Longnose dace Rhinichtays cataractae
Speckled dace Rhinichtays oculus
Mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni
Starry flounder (juveniles) Platichthys stellatus
Table 5: Fish Species of the Green River
in the vicinity of the project
site.
-26-
d. Hydrology
1) River Flow Conditions
The U. S. Geological Survey has maintained a gauging station
on the Green River near Tukwila since October, 1960. From
that date through the 1971 water year, the average discharge
was 1,491 c.f.s.. (cubic feet per second). Typical maximum
flood flows presently reach'9,000 to 12,000 c.f.s. at the
subject site. During these flows the water surface elevation
of the Green River reaches an elevation of 24.3 at the upstream
property line and an elevation of 22.8 at•the.downstream
property line. The average recorded minimum flows are often
less than 300 c.f.s. adjacent to the subject site. The water
surface of the Green River during these extreme low flow
periods varies between four and six feet above mean sea level.
Flow has been regulated since 1962 by Howard A. Hanson. Reservoir
for flood control during the wet season and for possible flow
augmentation during the drier months.
At the Tukwila station the drainage area of the Green River is
440 square miles.
Water Quality
The Green River originates on the west slope of the Cascade
Range and flows north and east about 60 miles to a-point at the
subject site at which the upper limit of tidal influence is
noted. Downstream of this point the river is known as the
Duwamish River. Therefore, an analysis of both the Duwamish
River and the Green River pertain to the subject site.
The Duwamish River estuary is an important industrial waterway
and has been receiving industrial, municipal, and storm water
wastes since the early 1900's. In the 1940's fisheries -
resource agencies and commercial interests became concerned
about the impact of degraded water quality on the rich aquatic
life of the estuary.
-27-
In 1958, in response to growing water quality problems through -
out the Seattle metropolitan. area, Seattle area residents voted
-to form the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (METRO). METRO
is a federation of cities united to deal with waste water
disposal and transportation service. The METRO Comprehensive
Sewerage Plan includes an extensive network of sewer trunklines
and several sewage treatment plants. The Renton treatment
plant is located directly across from the subject site and
discharges treated effluent at that point.
Raw and partially- treated wastes entering the Duwamish and
Lower Green Rivers as well as wastes from manufacturing and
food processing plants are being decreased as the network of
sewer trunklines and treatment plants is completed, in accordance
with METRO's Comprehensive Plan. Since June 1965, the Renton
treatment plant (RTP) has been discharging increasing amounts
of treated effluent to the Duwamish River as new trunklines
have been constructed and the treatment plant's service area
has been enlarged. The design capacity of the present Renton
secondary treatment process is 36 million gallons per day,
although the actual volume of effluent varies.
From 1963 to 1967 METRO and the U. S. Geological Survey conducted
a cooperative study of water quality in the Lower Duwamish River
in order to determine the chemical, physical, and ecological
changes that take place in the estuary when raw or partially -
treated wastes are replaced by treated effluent from the
Renton treatment plant This study was primarily concerned
with the hydraulics of the estuary, the physical and chemical
characteristics of the water (temperature, dissolved oxygen,
and biochemical oxygen demand), and certain aspects of the
ecology relating to the plankton communities. The findings
of this early study have been substantiated by later studies
performed by Dr. Eugene Welch at the University of Washington
in 1967 and 1969, and by the RIBCO (the River Basin Coordinating
Committee, a technical advisory committee to METRO) Water
Quality Management Study Interim Report of October 1973.
-28-
Conclusions regarding the interpretations of past trends and
data, as well as specific estimates of possible future impacts
affecting the Duwamish•estuary and Green River will be available
in the near future as RIBCO completes its estuary studies.
Prior to the introduction of the RTP effluent, conditions of
low dissolved oxygen were recorded in the lower estuary in the
late summer. The Green - Duwamish River still experiences such
low dissolved oxygen conditions during the summer months.
The initial study performed by the U.S.G.S. did not conclusively.
determine the impact of the RTP on dissolved oxygen levels at
the point of discharge. Although the most recent METRO six -
month report analyzing data from October 1972 through March 1973
(the next six -month report should be completed soon) indicates
an improving trend in dissolved oxygen, the RIBCO analysis
indicates low dissolved oxygen levels are still a problem.
(iow dissolved oxygen in the Uuwamish Estuary is attributable
to oxygen consumption by benthos (bottom organisms) and algae
as well as high temperatures due to shallow depths, low flows,
and inadequate shading. However, it appears to be
highly unlikely that the present anadromous fish runs or
annual'aquatic ecosystem of the Duwamish will be affected by
dissolved oxygen depressions, according to RIBCO biologists.
By way of a general note, dissolved oxygen is a key parameter
in the Green - Duwamish River and in similar streams that have
commercially and recreationally important fish populations.
The respiratory processes of fish, shellfish, benthos, etc.
are affected by changes in dissolved oxygen content.
The dissolved oxygen is depleted by the oxidation (degradation)
of natural as well as man -made materials and is replaced
naturally by aeration at the air -water surface or by mixing with
water having greater dissolved oxygen and /or by photosynthesis
of aquatic plants. Since the degradation of the more common
wastes requires their oxidation, the variation in dissolved
oxygen is a significant indicator of the general amount and
persistence of. pollutants. The capacity of water to retain
dissolved oxygen is also reduced with increasing temperatures.
Upstream from the project site, the river may be loaded slightly
beyond its natural B.O.D. (biological oxygen demand) as, indi-
cated by the fact that both the average dissolved oxygen values
and the average B.O.D. values at the Renton station are lower
than at the Kent station. The RTP is designed for a B.O.D.
treatment efficiency of 96%, and average treatment efficiencies
typically approach this figure. Thus the B.O.D. contribution
of the RTP to the Duwamish River can be expected to be relatively
small, and it is possible that the effluent has only a small
direct effect on dissolved oxygen concentrations in the estuary.
Temperatures for the river from the monitoring station 315 at
Kent to just upstream of the RTP are lower than those
which would indicate thermal pollution levels. The river
responds to inputs of warmer water from the RTP as shown by
several stations downstream. At station 3077, a small decrease
occurs as a result of the Ranier Vista Treatment Plant effluent,
then the influence of Elliot Bay seawater is registered.
Ammonia and phosphate concentrations in the Duwamish River
Estuary increased significantly downstream from the Renton
Treatment Plant outfall after introduction of the effluent
in June 1965. The Renton Treatment Plant is only 166 efficient
for ammonia and 3% efficient for phosphates. The concentrations
of these nutrients are at least doubled as a result of the
present input of treated effluent from the plant. According to
METRO data, the Renton Treatment Plant is a quite significant
source of nitrites and nitrates. The impact on aquatic
life in the estuary attributable to this input of nutrients
is, however, unknown at this time. Maximum concentrations of
all nutrients in the Duwamish Estuary occur at low tide, partly
because at this time there is a minimum of seawater dilution
-30-
of the Renton Treatment Plant effluent and of other fresh water
nutrient sources. High levels of nutrients are also recorded
in the fall and winter, however, when light conditions are
minimum, a severe algal bloom cannot be sustained.
Nuisance blooms and eutrophication are well known problems that
develop from increases in phytoplankton production frequently
caused by nutrients in domestic waste water. However, the
USGS Study indicates that in the case of the Duwamish River,
nutrient concentrations do not control the occurrence of the
blooms inasmuch as nitrogen and phosphorous compounds always
are present in sufficient quantities for a bloom to exist.
For example, previous data indicates that a bloom occurred
prior to the installation of the Renton Treatment Plant. The
chief factors controlling whether or not a phytoplankton bloom
will occur are favorable hydrological and climatic conditions.
Nutrients from the Renton Treatment Plant may increase the
biomass produced by the phytoplankton blooms, once the other
favorable conditions are established. The dissolved oxygen
of surface, waters is increased by the photosynthetic process
of the bloom, but the dissolved oxygen of the subsurface waters
is decreased as the plants die and oxygen is consumed in
decomposition processes.
Coliform concentrations in the Duwamish River exceed the median
count established by the water quality standards, according
to the last six -month METRO report. Although a good relation-
ship between total and fecal coliform is not evident, the same
general trend of increasing contamination in downstream
locations is apparent in the fecal coliform count as well.
The low counts recorded in the RTP effluent indicates little
if any influence from the plant on this trend. See Table b
for additional water quality data.
Soluble trace metal concentrations for copper and lead
(Table 7) are fractions of a part per billion in the estuary
water. These data were obtained from the trace metal laboratory,
University of Washington, Department of Oceanography, core
sampling within the estuary. The fate of metals borne by the
river is transferral to the sediments.
-31-
The concentrations of lead and zinc at the surface of the cores
and one meter deep in the cores (Table 7) are extremely high
and demonstrate how effectively the transfer proceeds. The
cores were obtained in June, 1973, and were analyzed by the
Region Ten Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory. Since
nearshore ocean sediments contain an average of 60,000 ppb
lead and 150,000 ppb zinc, it appears that the Duwamish
Estuary sediments have been greatly enriched by inputs from
the river and from industrial sites around the estuary. •There-
fore any contamination from the proposed site such as auto
exhaust borne lead, which is introduced into the river, would
be transferred downstream to the surface sediments and would
comprise an undetectable increase in the already heavily loaded
sediments.
3) Water Quality Standards
The stretch of the river contiguous to the subject site is
classified as Class A (excellent) waters by the Washington
Department of Ecology (UOE). Whether or not the river meets
this classification, however, is dependent on an analysis of
individual parameters occurring within.the river and comparing
them to DOE water quality standards. See Table .6 for recent
water quality obtained by METRO.
Water quality for Class A waters shall meet or exceed the follow-
ing criteria:
Total fecal organisms shall not exceed median value of
240 (fresh water) with less than 20% of samples exceeding
1,000 when associated with any fecal source. However
this stretch of the Green River is subject to a special
condition allowing a variation from the usual coliform
criteria. At this location total coliform organisms shall
not exceed median values of 1,000 with less than 20% of
the samples exceeding 2,000 when associated with any fecal
source.
Dissolved oxygen shall exceed 8.0 mg /l for fresh water.
Temperature shall not exceed 65° F (18.3 °C).
ph shall be within the range of 6.5 to 8.5.
- _
WATER QUALITY
KENT TO ELLIOTT BAY
JUNE 1973
COLIFORM COUNTS /100 ML
MEDIAN DISSOLVED
METRO PRESENT LAST LAST FECAL AMMONIA NITRATE PHOSPHOROUS TEMPERATURE OXYGEN CONDUCTIVITY
STATION MONTH MONTH YEAR COUNT mg /1 mg /1 mg /1 C mg /1 umhos /cm2
301 .45 55 870 22 -- --
306 6,400 3,300 2,900 120 .48 .5o .24 16.3
307 9,400 4,600 2,300 5o .11 .26 .09 12.8
3077 3,400 6,700 20. 21.25 1.28 4.8o 17.0
3106 1,400 2,500 790 42 .70 .50 .35 17.1
3107 1,200 980 560 20 .38 .49 .26 17.2
351 Ho 20 80 20 .02 5.20 1o.8 ti . 0 . 151
3108 700 540 1,700 50 .18 .49 .20 17.2
3131 320 60 35 .25 .14 8.00 18.2
315 .740 510 20 .15 .40 .14 17.4
-- No Data
TABLE
WATER QUALITY
KENT TO ELLIOTT BAY
JULY 1973
COLIFORM.000NTS /100 ML
MEDIAN DISSOLVED
•METRO PRESENT LAST' LAST FECAL AMMONIA NITRATE PHOSPHOROUS TEMPERATURE OXYGEN CONDUCTIVITY
STATION MONTH MONTH YEAR COUNT mg /1 mg /1 mg /1 C mg /1 umhos /cm2
301 90 45 430 33 --
306 2,600 .6,400 2,300 190 .31 .36 .25 .15.7
307 5,700 9,400 3,400 180 .30 .36 .24 15.5
3077 800 3,400 53 25.32 .87 4.35 17.2 --
3106 6,800 1,400 2,000 510 .60 .40 .38 16.4 --
.
3107 2,700 1,200 1,900 30 .20 .46 .23 16.6
351 510 110 20 20 12.25 .39 4.75 20.0 8.2 113
3108 1,600 700 860_ 170 .05 .38 .13 15.9
3131* 240 320 20 7.80 .52 9.00 00.9 . --
315 1,000 740 640 88 .10 .24 .14 15.8
-- No Data
* Discontinued
TABLE 6 (Cont'd.)
WATER QUALITY
KENT TO ELLIOTT BAY
AUGUST 1973
COLIFORM COUNTS /100 ML
MEDIAN DISSOLVED .
METRO PRESENT LAST LAST FECAL AMMONIA NITRATE PHOSPHOROUS TEMPERATURE OXYGEN CONDUCTIVITY
STATION MONTH MONTH YEAR COUNT mg /1 mg /1 mg/1 C mg /1 umhos /cm2
301 -- --
306 16,000 .2,600 4,500 58o .42 .48 .33 14.2 -
307 17,000 5,70o 2,800 400 .49 .64 .49 17.0
3077 380 800 20 15.00 .4o 8.10 18.5
3106 2,600. 6,800 .1,700 20 .45 .58 .34 16.9 --
3107 8,800 2,700 2,600 37 .11 .52 .23 16.9
351 51 510 290 20 6.12 3.60 3.85 17.8 7.9 • 138
3108 2,200 1,600 950 28 .13 .50 .1U 16.9
315 1,400 1,000 1,100 270 .13 .33 .14 15.2
-- No Data
TABLE 6 (Cont'd.)
WATER QUALITY
KENT TO ELLIOTT BAY
SEPT 1973
COLIFORM COUNTS /100 ML
MEDIAN DISSOLVED
METRO PRESENT LAST LAST FECAL AMMONIA NITRATE PHOSPHOROUS TEMPERATURE OXYGEN CONDUCTIVITY
STATION MONTH MONTH YEAR COUNT mg /.1 mg /1 mg /1 C mg /1 • umhos /cm2
301 -- -- --
306 10,000. 16,000 6,600 260 .26 .88 .11 15.0 -- --
307 5,300 17,000 6,300 320 .14 .44 .29 12.8
3077 440 380 110 28.35.. .20 8.10 20.0
3106 620 2,600 3,800 20 .80 .64 .86 15.8
3107 5,600 8,800 12,000 95 .23 .60 .36 15.8 --
351 440 51 980 98 6.00 3.10. 6.10 15.3 8.4 138
3108 5,700 2,200 2,900 100 .16 .52 .25 15.2
315 2,700 1,400 720 520 .14 .4o .17 13.5 --
o Data
TABLE 6 (Cont'd.)
Sediments (Total Acid Soluble)
Depth
.Core No. Location (Meters) Pb Zn
12 Duwamish Mouth 0 71,000 130,000
11 Duwamish Mouth 0 194,000 25,000
- 1 152,000 20,000
10 Duwamish Mouth 0 195,000 400,000
- 1 18,000 69,000
16 East Waterway 0 346,000 600,000
- 1 61,000 140,000
-37-
Atmospheric Conditions
1) Air Quality
Sulfur dioxide measurements were made in an area southwest of
the project site on August 2 and 3, 1973. The 24 hour average
was :038 ppm S02. This result is in general agreement with
the values obtained by the Puget Sound Air Pollution Control
Agency (PSAPCA) at Andover Park (Table 8). Data obtained
from these nearby areas suggests that sulfur dioxide levels
at the project site are likely to be well within standard
allowable values given by PSAPCA (see Table 8).
Suspended particulates, sulfation rate and particle fallout
values are given in Table 9. Atmospheric particulates increase
from Renton to the Duwamish industrial area where they exceed
the standards set by PSAPCA. In the last two and one -half
years particulate concentrations have increased (see Table 9)
in the area, and it is likely that this trend will continue.
If the existing trend of increasing particulates continues,
particulate standards may be exceeded at the subject site
in the future.
The one sulfation rate reading of 0.46 (See Table 9) is not
unusual for an urban area. No standards have been set for
this measurement.
Particle fallout (See Table 9) is high, reflecting the large
amount of particulate matter in the air. This will mean a
soiling problem for any structures, cars, clothes, etc., in
the area.
A summary of motor vehicle related contaminants recorded at
the nearest Department of Ecology Monitoring Station is presented
in Table 10. 'Although such data is too remote for a precise
analysis of impact, it does give some indication of conditions
within the airshed. On -site concentrations of carbon monoxide
will be monitored in conjunction with the Parking Management
Permit as explained on page 11. The air quality
-38-
Sulfur Dioxide July Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
(PPm) 1972 1972 1973 1973 1973
Standard Value
Monthly mean .004 .002 .002 .005 .006 ,.02 annual mean
Daily maximum .04 .01 .01 .02 .02 .1 daily average
Hourly maximum .24 .08 .08 .11 .11 .4 hourly average
Table 8: Sulfur dioxide data obtained by the
Puget Sound Air Pollution Control
Agency at the Andover Park Monitoring
Station.
Suspended Particulates
1973
(4 mo.)
1972
1971
Standard Value
(Renton)
Annual average in
ugm /m3 (Duwamish)
53.9
97.6
48.1
89.6
46.9
76.4
60
Sulfation Rate (Renton)
(milligrams of S03 /100 cm2
per day)
.46
No Standard
Particle Fallout
(Renton) gms /m2 /mo.
5.2
10 Industrial
3.5 Residential
and Commercial
Table 9: Suspended Particulates, sulfation rate
and particle fallout values.
-39-
.• • • . -
- • TABLE 10
AIR CONTAMINANTS RESULTING FROM MOTOR VEHICLES
AS RECORDED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
MONITORING STATION IN THE DUWAMISH
LOCATED ON 6770 EAST MARGINAL WAY
Carbon Monoxide (CO) PPM
Hydrocarbons.PPM Oxidant Parts Per Hundred Million'
Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum
1972 June 1 4 0 2 3 2 1 4
July 1 4 0 2 4 1 2 13
Aug. 1 7 0 2 5 1 1 4
Sept. 1 8 .0 3 6 1 1 5
Oct. 3 10 0 3 7 2 1 4
Nov. 3 15 0 2 6 1. 1 4
Dec. 2 23 0 2 6 1 1 3
1973 Jan. 3 21
Feb. 3 12
March 2 9
April 2 6
May 2 8
June 2 10 •
Ambient air
quality
Standards-
not to . be
exceeded
more than
once per
year.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 7 2 1 4 0
2 7 2 1 4 0
2 5 2 1 3 0
2 5 2 0 2 0
2 4 2 0 5 0
2 4. .1 1 2 0
ugm /m3 PPM ugm /m3 PPM ugm /m3 PPM
8 -Hour 3-Hour 1 -Hour
Average 10 9 Average 160 0.24 Average 160 0.08
1-Hour
Average' 40 35
standards for the other pollutants resulting from motor
vehicles (hydro- carbons and photochemical oxidants) are
not projected to be exceeded in 1975, the Congressional
deadline for meeting the ambient air quality standards.
The number of days the 8 hour carbon monoxide standard would
be exceeded is projected to drop in Seattle from 107 days in
1972 to 38 days by 1975. The maximum 8 -hour concentration
will be between 16 and 17 parts per million on these days.
The subject site is influenced both by stationary sources of
pollutants, the Seattle Industrial area; and auto related
sources such as the nearby freeways. Particularly, peak
hour traffic at the junction of Interstates 5 and 405, and
at the Southcenter Mall to the west of the subject site, as
well as Longacres racetrack to the east of the site, constitute
continued sources of vehicular pollutants.
2) Meteorology
(a) Temperature /Precipitation:
Temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation values
for the project site are given in Table 11. These values
are for Seattle-Tacoma International Airport and represent
averages of all 'available data.
Table 12 indicates the amount of rain falling in a given
time period for various recurrence intervals. For instance,
on the basis of past records, this area can expect to
receive 3 inches of rainfall in a 24 hour period once
every 5 years.
(b) Wind
Wind data (see Figure E) are for Tukwila. Winds are
light and variable 16.1% of the time in this area.
South and south - southwest are the most frequent wind
directions.
-41-
-
J F M A M J J A S 0 N. D ANNUAL
Temp.(°F) Ave. 138.3 40.8 43.8 49.2 55.5 ..59.8 64.D 64.1 59.9 52.4 43.9 40.8 51.1
Precip. (in.)
5.73, 4.24 3.79 2'.4 1.73 1.58 0.81 0.95 2.05 4.02 5.35 6.29 38.94
Precip. Extremes
Greatest monthly
12.92 9.11 8.40 3.75 4.76 3.40 2.10 2.18 4.60 8.95 9.69 9.50 55.14
Least monthly- 0.86 1.66 0.57 0.33 _0.35 0.13 T 0.17 0.32 1.00 1.11 3.75 . 23.78
Greatest Daily � 2.22 3.41 2.19 1.85 1.66 .1.53 0.74 1.36 1.77 2.27 3.41 2.52 3.41
Ave. no.
of days
with precip.
.01iD 19 15 16 13 11 9 . S 6 8 14. 17 19' 151
1"
. 5
1"
12 10 10 8 5 4
3 4 8 14 13 93.
4 . 2 1 1. 0 . 0 0
1 2 4 3 18
1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1, 4
Snowfall
4.3 1.3 .8 T 0 0
0
T 0.5 0.6 7.5
Ave. Daily
Solar Rad-
iation
(cal /cm2)
`76.5 135. 259 418 531 534 580 475 330 191 104 62.5
.25 0.2 . .75 .0 75 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.6
Table 11 . Temperature,precipitation.and solar radiation values from Sea -Tac Airport.
Duration/
Recurrence
Interval 2 yr. 5 yr. 10 yr. 25 yr. 50 yr.
30 min. .4 .5 .6 .6 .7
1 .hour .5 .6 .7 .8 .9.
2 hour .7 .8 1.0 1.2 1.5.
3 hour .9 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.0
6 hour 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.8
Duration/
Recurrence
Interval 2 yr. 5 yr. 10 yr. 25 yr. 50 yr.
12 hours 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.5
24 hours 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.2.
48 hours 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
96 hours 4.0
4.5 5.5
6.0 7.0
Table 12: Amounts of rain falling in a
given time period for various
recurrence intervals.
WNW
0.5
0.6
WSW
1 .6
NW
4 .5
9.3
NE
1 .6
STATION LOCRTICN-
1N,atr ;i i =: Of17f
sw
5.2
27.0
SSW
17.5
s
21.4
SSE
5.7
HOUR AVERAGE SURFACE WINDS
PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE
PUGET SOUND AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AGENCY
227 ANDOVER .PARK E; TUKW1LA
FILL MONTHS 1077
FIGURE E
-44-
SE
1 .5
ENE
0.7
ESE
0.7
1.1- 4.0- 7.0- 11.0- 17.0- 0'•?'k
3.9 0.9 10.9 16.9 21.9 21.9
KNOTS
0.0 • 3.0 - 6 -0 9.0 1L.0 15.0
PEKCi:T
3) Noise
Because of the natural setback provided by the Green River
on three sides, the major factors contributing to the ambient
noise environment is the moderate to high traffic flow on
Interurban Boulevard, and to a lesser extent, periodic train
noise from the Milwaukee railroad. Figure F shows the sound
levels that can be expected at various distances away from
a train. Subject site boundaries are noted on the diagram.
Due to its distance away, the constant flow of traffic on
1 -405 contributes only somewhat to the high daytime ambient
noise environment in the vicinity of the site. However, the
noise contribution of the 1 -405 traffic is more apparent in
measuring the high nighttime noise conditions due to the
decrease of traffic flow on Interurban Boulevard. Table 13
gives the measured ambient and maximum (L10) noise levels as
recorded at specified points (see Figure G ) on the subject
site during the daytime and nighttime.
Since vehicular traffic flow noise on Interurban Boulevard is
the predominant source affecting the overall acoustical environ-
ment, it is fair to assume the maximum (L10) noise level at
the western boundary of the site determines the worst noise
condition. Intermittent truck traffic noise is a particularly
important component of traffic noise. The average increase in
the noise level due to a nearby passing truck corresponds to
20 dBC and 15dBA when compared to the background or ambient
level. The maximum daytime noise level, L10, recorded at a
point 50 feet from a passing truck traveling along Interurban
Boulevard at 35 mph was 96 dBC and 73 dBA (the daytime ambient
readings being 76 dBC and 58 dBA). This indicates that the
predominant noise lies in the low frequency range; a well -
known characteristic of the truck exhaust noise. Low
frequency truck noise can be detected even at great
distances from the road.
-45-
100
N 80
z
e
L
60
z
>
J
40
v
rn
20
1
100 ..t 200 500 1000 t
Northeast Fiorito
property boundary
Figure .F'
2.000
5000 10,000
Southwest boundary
Distance from Train — Feet
Noise level for trains as a Function of Distance
(From EPA NTID 300.13)
-
■
■
MICROPHONE
LOCATION POINTS
, MEASURED AM1.3IENT NOISE LEVELS (L90)
DAYTIME
NIGHTTIME
dBA
dBC
(IBA dBC
60
79
53
67
2
58
76
54
65
3
59
77
52
64
4
57 .
74
51
63
5
58
75
53
66
6
59
78
54
67
7
57
76
52
64
MICROPHONE
MEASURED MAXIMUM NOISE LEVELS (L10
LOCATION POINTS
(Truck Traffic - Predominant Source)
1
74
98
60
80
2
73
96
58
76
3
72
96
56
78
6 ,
72
97
57
75
7
71
95
59
77
NOTE:
The above readings did not take into
account any extraneous and /or randomly
occurring noise sources such as trains private
aircraft or the like.
Table 13: Measured ambient and mnximum noise levels.
(Located on Figure G)
-47-
a
notation of not Le vd hlea5aireime4
Because of the random distribution of trucks (predominant
noise sources) in the overall traffic noise environment, it
i s necessary to use use L |O a nd L levels in the determination
90
of a single-number rating (e.g. dBA level) for both existing
and projected line (zone district) values.
The existing average daytime ambient (background or L-
' - �V'
noise level due to normal vehicular traffic (excluding
trucks) along the western edge of the project site (adjoining
Interurban Boulevard) is 58 dBA. This value is acceptable
when compared to both the City of Tukwila Commercial Manu-
facturing (CM) Zone noise ordinance of 5 sones or equivalent
65 dBA in an 'Industrial Park' environment, and the proposed
King County zoning noise ordinance of 65 dBA in a similar
zone. However, when a standard truck passes along at 35 mph
(
speed, the maximum noise level ,L '" \ , is approximately 15 dBA
higher than the average ambient level. This 73 or 74 dBA
level at the boundary of the subject site adjoining Interurban
Boulevard would then exceed the proposed U.S. Departments
o f Transportation (DOT) an d Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
daytime exterior noise level criteria of 70 dBA.
B. Existing Conditions (Coned.)
2. Human Use, Development and Values
a. General Development
The following is a summary, performed by the Tukwila City
Planning Department, of generalized human use and development
within the 8 square mile planning area surrounding the subject
area:
Residential (8 square miles surrounding the area)
1) Single Family Dwelling 3,484
(Average Household Size 2,3)
2) Two Family Dwellings. 2
3) Three or Four Family Dwellings 3
4) Five to Eight Family Dwellings 0
5) Nine or More Family Dwellings 59
6) Hotels, Motels and Tourist Homes 3
7) Mobile Homes 0
Commercial
1•) Wholesale and Distributors 34
2) Retail
a. Southcenter 108
1. Shopping Population (daily) - 28,600
2. Shopping Population (peak) - 92,000
3. 1971 Total Shopping Population - 11,500,000
b. Other than Southcenter 10
Industrial
1) Mining 2
2) Construction 2
3) Manufacturing
a. Southcenter 7
b. Other than Southcenter 24
Employment - Large, Major Sources
1) . Southcenter 1,700
peak (3,000)
2) Andover Industrial Park
a. Distribution Firms 607
b. .Manufacturing Firms 275
3) City Administration 106
Recreational
1) Major Athletic Park (50 Acres) 1
2) Minor Parks (Less than 5 Acres) 4
a. Picnic Tables
b. 2 Tennis Courts
3) Golf Courses 1
4) Tukwila Community Club 1
5) Race Tracks (Longacres) 1
6 Numerous Fishing Sites Along the River
-50-
■
Transportation
Railroads ( BNSF Burlington Northern, Union Pacific,
Milwaukee) 3
a. Passenger
b. Freight
2) Taxi Cab Services
3) 405 and 1 -5 Intersections
a. Cars to Southcenter (daily average) - 13,000
b. Cars to Southcenter (peak daily average) - 40,000
Truck Transportation - 2,500.daily
a. Terminals
b. Freeway Accesses
5) Employees (Southcenter) - 7,500
6) Cars (Southcenter) - 5,013,600 yearly
7) Bus (METRO Transit Routes 145, 150, 240
& Tukwila free shuttle) 4
Education
1) Elementary 4
2) Jr. High 1
3) Sr. High
Religion
1) Churches 10
Tukwila has grown to become a major trade center in the last few
years. The City is unusual in that it has become a major urban
area with a population of only 3,128. Tukwila had a population
density of 2 - 4.99 persons per acre in 1970 and is projected to
have the same density in 1990. This is a relatively low growth
in population compared to other communities. in South King County
such as Kent, Renton and Highline. On the other hand, the City's
assessed valuation has increased from $1,872,000 in 1961 to $68,000,000 in
1971 and to $89,641,130 in 1972. By official estimation, the City has
become a "$90 Million Dollar Corporation" and by 1975 the assessed valuation
will increase to $120,000,000. The largest portion of the City . revenue
comes from real and personal property taxes, and general sales and
use taxes, $491,576, and $134,553, respectively in 1973.
-51-
Typically, a city with a population the size of Tukwila would
probably support a few policemen and a volunteer fire department.
Tukwila supports a polic force of 25 and a fire fighting force
of 16. Other branches of the city administration are also
very extensive, commensurate with the necessity to provide
services for the large scale urban activities occurring within
the city limits.
A consideration of existing social conditions must take into account
the larger area to be affected by the proposed development. A large
number of persons from outside of the city limits will utilize the
facility as well as the supporting city services.
The Green River Valley and the Duwamish Industrial Area, in the'
vicinity of the project site, along with the Seattle central business
district and the City of. Bellevue represent King County's largest
employment centers. Total employment was estimated to be 499,100
in 1970, and increasing to 641,300 by 1990 (28% change) as per
Puget Sound Governmental Conference Survey. Employment forecasts
show significant new growth in the Green River Valley and the
Duwamish Industrial Area,and continuing growth in the central
business districts. One of the analysis districts studies by
Puget Sound Governmental Conference encompasses the lower Green
River Valley around the subject site. Employment within this district
was estimated at 20,800 in 1970 and increasing to'36,100 in 1990.
Land use within the vicinity of the proposed project is shown in.
Figure H. The green P.iver Valley in this area is nt,eut one rile
wide with business /commercial and industrial uses occurring on the
valley floor.. Either industrial or commercial uses are planned for
much of the remaining segments of farmland within the Tukwila city
limits. Residential uses occur on the hillsides to the north and
to the east. The business and commercial district to the northeast
is within the City of Renton.
0 0 0 0 0 0
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•
b. Traffic
Current average daily traffic carried by the streets and highways
in the vicinity of the site are shown on Figure 1. Peak hour
traffic is expected to be equal for both the morning and evening
peak hours and, for the site, will be about 9 percent of the
daily volume.
Although the King County Park is being built adjacent to the site
and will have some influence on traffic utilizing the access road,
the peak hours of operation for the park and the site are not
expected to be coincident either in terms of direction of approach
or in terms of time -of -day.
-54-
C. Environmental Impact of the Proposed Action
1 Changes in the Natural Setting
a. Topographic /Geological /Soils Impact
The Green River Valley as a whole has experienced minor topographic
alterations during the previous farming and levee construction
activities. In addition, the river bed adjacent to the east side
of the subject site has been straightened to accommodate a railroad
track. For the most part, the Green River Valley retained the
characteristics of a mature flood plain up to the recent period of
industrial and commercial expansion.
Originally this land was best suited for agricultural purposes,
however, the landfill over the natural soil now precludes this
use. Landfill on the subject site was placed in compacted layers
and left to settle and further compact the underlying soil for an
extended period of time. As a result, the fill materials place
the site above the original floodplain.
Geological and topographic impact will be insignificant or non-
existent. Retention of existing vegetation along the river levee
will help prevent surface water erosion and minor landsliding.
b. Biological Impact
The proposed subject site is located in an area of the Green River
Valley which has already been impacted in a biological sense, by
urban growth. The development of the subject site is part of a
trend of construction along the Green River and will have a small
although identifiable impact to biological systems.
Construction of an office - condominium complex on the subject site
will reduce cover, breeding grounds and foraging habitats for
summer seed - eating birds, insectivorous swallows and waterfowl.
Some reduction in :food supplies for winter bird residents and
migrants will occur as well. Game birds such as pheasant will
probably disappear from the site. Some small mammals, which are
-56-
preyed upon by hawks during the day and by owls at night, will be
eliminated.
The existing flora, mostly herbaceous weeds, that have invaded
since the placement of the existing fill, will be removed. Removal
of the existing flora is a relatively minor impact in comparison
to the removal of the original Puget Sound lowland vegetation
which occurred years ago.
The greatest potential for biological impact is along the banks
of the Green - Duwamish River. However, every effort will be made
to preserve existing vegetation. Thus, the banks will continue
to provide shelter and food for many of the animal species
presently using them.
c. Hydrological and Water Quality Impact
While the net effect of this particular project will be small,
it is part of a continuing deleterious trend in accommodation of
increased storm water flows by direct discharge into the existing
natural systems.
quality problems
dissolved oxygen
As mentioned previously, the primary water
associated with the Green River are: 1) low
in the lower reaches from July through September
due to diurnal variations, 2) high coliform counts in the lower
reaches throughout the year, and 3) high
in the lower reaches and in the Duwamish
ment and consequent runoff is one of the
existing water quality problems.
The proposed action will further
problems due to increased runoff
nutrient inflows, especially
Waterway. Urban develop -
probable causes of the
contribute to the water
from the paved areas of
quality
the subject
site, particularly since the site plans call for predominantly
paved surfaces, adjacent to the river banks. Suspended solids,
hydrocarbons and heat in surface runoff will also be increased.
Pavement portions of the site will inhibit groundwater recharge
and will result in a small but probably measurable drop in the
local water table.
% Impervious Area
Biological Oxygen
Demand (BOD)
Imp.1 lb /ac /day
Per.2 lb /ac /day
Sub.3 mg /1
Conductivity mhos
Imp. mhos /ac /day
Per. mhos /ac /day
Sub. mhos /cm3
Total Coliform Organisms
Imp. 104 /ac /day
Per. 104 /ac /day
Sub. ng/100m1
WASTE. LOADINGS PER ACRE
TABLE 14
Existing Developed
Site Conditions Site Conditions
5.0% 75% .
.018 -.02
.018 -.02
0.5
.5 -1.4
.5 -1.4
75 -100
500 -1000
500 -1000
100 -1000
Fecal Coliform Organisms
Imp. 106 /ac /day 10 -50
Per. 106 /ac /day 10 -50
Sub. ng /100 ml 50 -200
Organic Nitrogen
Imp. lb /ac /day
.Per. lb /ac /day
Sub. mg /1
NH3
Imp. lb /ac /day
Per. lb /ac /day
Sub. mg /1
NO3
Imp. lb /ac /day
Per. lb /ac /day
Sub. mg /1
.003 -.0047
.003 -.0047
.01
.0026 -.025
.0026 -.025
.005 -0.1
.0014 -.014
.0015 -0.2
.15 -1.0
.31
. 31
1.69
2.7
2.7
270
6,075
6,075
2.70
60.8
60.8
67.5
.01
.01
. 01
0.135
0.135
0.675
. 0014
.0017
.27
PO4
Imp. lb/ac/day .00023 -.002 .027
Per. lb /ac /day .003 -.07 .003
Sub. mg /1 0.2 .135
1 Impervious area rate accumulation.
2 Pervious area rate accumulation.
3 Subsurface concentration.
-58-
Adapted from RIBCO Streams, 1973.
d. Impacts on Atmospheric Conditions
The concentration of suspended particulates can be expected to
temporarily increase during the construction phase of the proposed
action. All temporary construction phases are subject to a degree
of control by the contractors, in terms of dust and noise.
The greatest contribution to the existing level of air contaminants
will result from vehicular pollutants associated with mobile sources
in and around the subject site. Automobile pollutant concentrations
are expected to decrease as emission control regulations become
effective, even with the projected increase in traffic volume
associated with the development.
e. Noise Impact
The two most important parameters upon which predicted noise levels
at the developed site are based include overall normal traffic
volumes, truck traffic, and traffic speed.
Along the north side of the intersection of Southcenter Boulevard
and Interurban Boulevard, adjacent the west side of the subject
site, the peak traffic volume was 1,820 vehicles per hour. The
total average daily traffic count at this intersection was 17,000
vehicles. Traffic data was measured by the City of Tukwila Planning
Department in April 1973. Based on the existing daytime traffic
ount information and assuming that trucks constitute 100 of the
total traffic volume, the predicted 10 percentile (L10) noise
levels along the western edge of the subject site will be 83 dBA.
The predicted 83 dBA level at the western boundary of the subject
site is well within the latest 90 dBA noise level criteria.estab-
lished by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, the
90 dBA at 50 ft. distance criteria is for only those trucks weigh-
ing 10,000 lbs. gross or more. This is clearly not the case here,
since the majority of trucks using Interurban Boulevard range in
gross weight between 5,000 and 7,000 pounds.
In either case, the sound transmission characteristics of exterior
walls and windows facing Interurban Boulevard should be considered
in the design stages so as to achieve an acceptable interior noise
level of 55 dBA.
These noise level predictions may be modified as traffic volume
and other factors change in the future. Traffic flow will increase
as a result of development of the subject site. This will increase
the noise generated in and around the site. Noise factors and
approximate magnitudes that can be used to adjst the noise level
predictions for future conditions are as follows:
Distance:
Traffic Volume:
Traffic Speed:
Ground Cover:
Barriers:
-4 to -5 dBA for doubling
+3 dBA for doubling
+9 dBA for doubling
0- to -3 dBA per 100 ft.
Typically -5 to -15 dBA, depending on
height, thickness, material character-
istics and slope.
For example, the proposed planting of trees and shrubs in accordance
with the preliminary site plans, will result in a probable on -site
noise reduction of 3 to 4 dBA.
Construction noise generated on site will not have significant'
impact on the nearest residential and business communities due
to their distance from the site. However, in the long run, the
development of the site will result in increases of traffic on
adjacent arterials and consequently increased noise levels.
. Traffic Impacts
1) Off -Site Traffic
The current average daily traffic carried by the streets and
highways in the vicinity of the site is compared in Figure J
with the estimated volumes on roads and highways upon completion
of the project.
-6o-
its
■ 1111. O•11A111111U1111U11111111111111 !1110■
'N11-44 P'' ;;11/
■
With the site developed in the configuration
Office Space
Manufacturing
31,075 square feet
196,300 square feet
trips generated by the two types of facilities are expected to be
Offices 350 per day
Manufacturing 1,730 per day.
In terms of vehicular traffic, these trips will involve volumes of
trucks 540 per day
cars 1,175 per day
total traffic 1,715 vehicles per day.
It should be noted that the difference between trips per day
and volume of vehicles per day is due to the higher occupancy
factors of cars versus trucks. For assigning traffic to the
roadway network, the basic assumptions are that travel time
will be the dominant consideration and, consequently, eighty
percent of users will be freeway oriented.
Of the non - freeway users, eighty percent are expected to be
oriented to local regions lying to the south and southwest in
the vicinity of Kent, Auburn and Southcenter.
2) On -Site Traffic
During the highest eight consecutive hours of the day, the
times and values of vehicular volume will be as follows:
Time
Percent Volume
11 -12 4.5 77
12 -1 5.7 98
1 -2. 5.9 100
2 -3 5.0 86
3 -4 5.8 99
4 -5 7.7 132
5-6 10.8 186
6 -7. 7.5 129
total 907 = 530 of total daily traffic.
-62-
During the average weekday, vehicles operating on the site,
traveling to and from the area on the access roads and on the
parking lots, are expected to run 83,820 vehicle - seconds and,
for idling time while stationary, about 70,500 vehicle- seconds.
This may be rounded to about 154,000 vehicle - seconds of
operation per day.
3) Capacity Restraints
Of the two peak hours, morning and afternoon, the worst is
expected to occur during the afternoon. At this time, some
150 vehicles per hour are expected to be leaving the site.
During this time, the capacity of the facility will be 350
vehicles per hour versus the demand of 150 vehicles per hour.
The excess capacity of some 130 percent suggests that there
will be no significant problems.
-63-
D. Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Effects
Following is a discussion of adverse effects and possible mitigating
measures relating directly to the above described impacts resulting from
the proposed action.
1. Biological Effects
Herbaceous ground cover will be removed, and consequently, parts of
a bird foraging and breeding habitat will be lost. This loss will be
mitigated in part by landscaping around the buildings. Landscaping
will comprise 25% of the site and n ld be: selected in such a fashion
as to most closely approximate habitats or portions of habitats for
wildlife known to inhabit the area. Also, if the vegetation along the
river levee is not removed, it will continue to provide shelter and
food for the animal species utilizing this area.
2. Hydrological and Water Quality Effects
A number of solutions to the water quality problems experienced in
the Green River have been suggested in the RIBCO Water Quality Manage -
ment Study, Summary of Interim Report, October 1973. One suggestion
was to provide additional shading to the river in order to reduce the
amount of solar radiation received over a given area and thus to
reduce problematical high temperatures. Surface runoff heat input
to the river as a result of the proposed paved surfaces of the site
could be partially mitigated by undertaking a planting scheme for
along the river levee.
In order to minimize hydrocarbons and suspended solids from entering
the storm sewer system, separators or skimmers could be placed at the
connection point.
Lowering the water table, as a result of directing drainage into the
sewer system could be minimized by the implementation of various design
and engineering techniques. For example, . drainage from impervious
surfaces could be accomplished by use of roof retention ponds to
collect and store drainage to be released gradually into the water
table through such systems as french drains. However, to effectively
reverse the trend of lowering the water table, such measures would
have to be widely utilized indevelopments throughout the entire Green
River Valley.
-64-
3. Air Quality Effects
Some increases in all vehicular related pollutants will occur. Although
mitigating measures are not feasible within the scope of the proposed
project, automobile pollutant concentrations are expected to decrease
as emission control regulations become effective, even with the 'projected
increase in traffic volume associated with the proposed action.
4. Noise Effects
Noise levels during construction phases, are, to a certain extent,
unavoidable; however., this noise can be reduced by utilizing specially
designed acoustical mufflers for noisy equipment and by properly
scheduling construction activity.
Traffic Effects.
The development of the subject site will produce no significant
problems associated with vehicular operations.
_b5_
E. Alternatives . to the Proposed Action
1. Alternative Projects or Programs.
A realistic discussion of alternatives to the development resulting
from the proposed action must first begin with a. recognition of uses
of the subject site that would be compatible with adjacent and use.
Secondly, such a discussion of alternative uses for the subject site
must be analyzed within a framework of bio- physical conditions as well
as the existing socio- economic parameters and trends. Thus, patently
unrealistic alternatives can be eliminated.
With this framework in mind, several alternative actions are possible
and can be evaluated in terms of their relative costs, accomplishments
and environmental impacts:
. . . No further development ( "Do- nothing" alternative).
• • Revert the subject site to agricultural uses.
. ..Development as a hotel or motel complex. .
. Development as .a residential area.
a. No Further Development ( "Do- nothing" Alternative)
A "Do- nothing" alternative could result in costs to the private
sectors in terms of lost investment, and to the public sector
in terms of unrealized tax revenues on developed property. The
existing taxes would continue to be levied on the unusable
property which would be burdensome to the owners who would have
no means available to earn a return on the land to offset these
taxes. The resulting tax burden could be partially, but not
completely, offset by classification of the project site as open
space for tax assessment purposes.
The accomplishments of a "Do-nothing" alternative would be the .
preservation of the subject site as open space or for future
alternative uses which are unascertained at this time. Loss of
the subject site as an available commercial resource could very
possibly shift the burden of demand for this resource to another
part of the region which may not have adequate existing or proposed
facilities to support such a development.
The environmental impact of a "Do-nothing" alternative would be
the continuation of the existing conditions. Plant progression
to another stage of ecological succession would be moderate due
to the characteristics of the existing fill. Within 10 years
the site would probably be covered with shrubby vegetation
including madronas, cottonwoods and some Douglas firs and alder
saplings. Furthermore, existing wildlife habitats would be
preserved and new habitats would be established as ecological
succession occurred.
b. Revert the Subject Site to Agricultural Uses
Reverting the land back to agricultural uses is technically
feasible although fill materials now cover the highly productive
Green River Valley bottom soils. However, such a land use may
prove to be economically unfeasible in the long run. Areas
adjacent to the project site are likely to continue to be
developed for commercial and industrial purposes. A farm in
such a setting may experience the consequences of land use
conflicts. High tax assessments on land of this value in a com-
mercial /industrial setting may not sufficiently. offset by return
from farm products.
Accomplishments of this alternative would be the preservation of
agricultural use on soils suitable for this activity. This land
use is currently being zoned and assessed out of existence in the
Green River Valley.
If •preservation of agricultural use in the Green River Valley
evolves as . a true regional policy, it could be more feasibly
accomplished in other areas not already committed to a trend of
commercial and industrial development.
Reverting the land to agricultural uses would have many of the
same impacts to the project site as would the proposed development
in that existing herbaceous vegetation would have to be removed.
If an agricultural alternative were pursued, the water quality
impacts to the Green River would be greater than with the proposed
action for such parameters as biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.),
-67-
coliform organisms, organic nitrogen, nitrates and phosphates.
The water quality impacts would be lesser for such contaminants
as heat, suspended solids, and hydrocarbons. Water quality
problems associated with the Green River at this location include
high temperatures, high coliform counts and nutrient inflows.
c. Development of the Subject Site as a Residential Area
Development of the subject site as a residential area, either as
single or multiple family dwelling units is perhaps the most
feasible of the alternatives discussed. It remains contrary,
however, to the established market trends and would require a
shift in political and economic policies to stimulate such a
change.
In general, within the lower Green River Valley, commercial and
industrial development has occurred on the flat valley bottom
lands, and residential development has occurred on the uplands
(see Land Use Map, Figure II). While such land use patterns may
be questionable in terms of the best use of fertile soils, none-
theless, this trend affects the, economic viability of alternative
projects. As a result, residential uses would have to be sub-
sidized in some manner because the high costs of land development
in the subject area precludes a favorable economic return on any
but the most intensive uses. The demand for housing is such
that it can be as easily met at other ,less costly sites. Thus
the costs of such an alternative may outeight the accomplishments.
In terms of environmental impact, a residential alternative would
preserve somewhat more impervious land area for groundwater infil-
tration and for aquifer recharge. Typically residential areas
result in 20 -60% impervious surfaces, whereas the proposed
development will result in 70% impervious surfaces. As a result,
there would be less opportunity for surface runoff to become
heated and to become contaminated with hydrocarbons uefore
draining off the site.
Because the number of vehicles associated with a residential
development is less than with the proposed action, air quality
impacts would probably be lessened.
. Alternatives Within .the. Proposed Action
A meaningful discussion of alternatives within the proposed action must
first begin at the level of the regulatory and review agencies concerned
with promulgating controls for the subject area. Secondly, alternatives
within the proposed action must be considered in terms of economic
viability.
Often the results achieved with one set of regulations seem to
conflict with the goals of other agencies. For example, the Flood
Control Zone requires that buildings be set back 30 feet from the
river. One economically viable alternative is to use the setback
for parking spaces, as is presently planned. However, surface runoff
heat input to the river as a result of the paved areas is greater with
the proposed arrangement of parking than if little or no parking spaces
were provided adjacent to the river. As mentioned previously, RIBCO
streams has suggested providing additional shading in order to reduce
the amount of solar radiation received over a given area and consequently
to reduce problematical high temperatures. Thus the setback necessary
to allow for maintenance and repair of the river levee has resulted in
plans to use this space for parking lots which is less desirable in
terms of water quality impact than if the setback was used for other
purposes.
While it is technically feasible to utilize the setback as a green
belt and avoid certain adverse impacts to the river as well as preserve
room for river levee maintenance, such an alternative would render
the project economically unfeasible. Given the configuration of the
subject site in relationship to the river, a very large portion of the
site would be consumed in an economically unproductive manner if such
an alternative were to be implemented. Furthermore, ample park space
and green belts will be provided when the 50 acre King County South Area
Athletic Park is completed across the river from the subject site.
Thus, when the existing regulations are balanced in terms of economic
viability, the present layout of proposed project is the most efficient
utilization of the site.
-69-
F. Relationship Between Local Short-Term Environmental Uses and the Maintenance
and Enhancement of Long -Term Productivity
Short -term uses for the subject area will constitute a transition time only
in which all of the land within the subject area will be converted to
commercial, industrial and business uses.
Potentials for long -term productivity of involved, nonrenewable resources
largely involve the land area. itself. Development resulting from the
proposed action will preclude the land being used for other purposes,
except if market conditions determine that the need for land for commercial/
industrial uses in this area is not critical. This may be the case farther
south in the Green River. Valley, but is not likely at this location.
Future economic productivity will largely depend on the industrial growth
trends in the central Puget Sound Region. Industry will continue to be
largely distributive and service oriented rather than manufacturing in
nature.
G. Irreversible and Irretrievable Resource. Commitments with the Proposed
Action
1. Commitments
The proposed action will result in the commitment of the subject area
to commercial and industrial land uses, which, in turn, will commit
financial resources, construction materials and labor to achieving
such. use. This will, in turn, result in some preclusion of optional
future land uses and loss of the intrinsic resource of fertile soil.