HomeMy WebLinkAboutSEPA EPIC-202-83 - PAVILION MALL - FAMILY RECREATION HYDROTUBEHYDROTUBE AT THE
PAVILION OUTLET MALL
S.180' ST & SOUTHCENTER
PARKWAY
EPIG202 -83
\'VFINK t. & AssOCI:A•rEs
Consulting Engineers
705 W. CI•LSAPEt..E AVE
IOWSCN. MO. 31704
301 82T• 7450
REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL
ENGINEERS
NATIONAL L', l:FR1iriED
SAFETY PROFESSIONAL`,
LARGE WATER SLIDE SAFETY PROBLEMS
AND IMPLICATIONS
PAST — PRESENT - FUTURE
by
Robert I. Weiner, P.E., C.S.P.
Consulting Safety Engineer
Invited Paper: Presented at the 2nd
Annual Meeting of the
American Water Slide Assn.
Philips House Hotel
Kansas City, Missouri
11/21/82
RECEIVED
CITY OF TUKWILA
MAR 2 1984
• 8U$ WU 4. D&E.
Based on the remarkable growth of the water slide industry
over the last five years, it has become evident that this form
of public recreation is here to stay and is truly an enjoyable
pastime for the public and a moneymaker for the manufacturers
and operators of these facilities.
A. Frequency
However, along with the growth of this . industry an
alarming number of yearly injuries severe enough to require hos-
pital emergency room treatment has begun to emerge. In 1981,
the NEISS system of the CPSC recorded almost 2,500 injuries of
this type from operating water slides around the country.
By way of comparison with other recorded emergency -room
treated amusement -ride injuries in 1981, large water slides
account for about 18 percent of the total of 14,140 emergency -
room treated. However, next to mechanical bulls they are
the largest producer of injury in this category recorded by
NEISS.
The breakdown is shown in Table A.
Table A
NEISS RECORDED AMUSEMENT RIDE INJURIES TREATED
. IN HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ROOMS IN 1981
NO. 01 1 :M1:nct :u 'Y
RIDE OR FACILITY ROOM 114.11tn1I:7
4. 0.11.. '1.11)
2. Large Water Slides 2439
3. Kiddie Rides 487
4. Ferris Wheels 330
S. Roller Coasters 285
6. Miscellaneous 4990
14140
1
While the significance of the government statistics is
always in question, they are nevertheless alive have at this
time and do represent real incidents. The problem with NEISS
data is always that one never knows whether these are signi-
ficant or peripheral accidents involving the water slide.
For example, a significant accident would be one that happened
during descent on the slide or upon entry into or exit from
the splash pool. However, a peripheral accident might be a
slip and fall in the public bathroom at the slide facility.
Both of these would unfortunately be cataloged by the CPSC as a
large water slide accident since indepth investigations are
carried out on only the most severe of the accidents studied.
Be that as it may, another source of real and signi-
ficant statistics are the number of lawsuits being filed
against large water slide operators and manufacturers by
lawyers representing seriously injured plaintiffs. There is
no question that this type of activity is on the rise and I
can attest to the significant increase in technical analyses
and accident reconstructions that I have been asked to under-
take by lawyers who represent industry defendants in these
matters.
My own files show a 200 percent increase in this type
of work within the last two years and 1 lec;elve on tliu uvtluyc
of at least one inquiry a week from insurance companies and
both defense and plaintiffs' lawyers with regard to the merits
of various claims involving serious injuries on large water slides.
Consequently, I believe the trend of the government
statistics will grow along with the number of new installations,
and the industry is in a definite growth phase.
B. Severity
Based on the research I carried out in 1979 and 1980
when Weiner & Associates was project manager for the "Suggested
Health and Safety Guidelines for Recreational Water Slide
Flumes" and worked with the industry, the NSPI and the HEW /CDC,
and continuing work in the field of reconstruction of large
water slide accidents and their causes from 1980 through the
present, I have compiled Table B which shows the severity of
accidents that have occurred and are still occurring on large
water slides.
Table B
REAL LARGE WATER SLIDE INJURIES
RANKED BY SEVERITY AND RELATIVE FREQUENCY'
(Estimates Based on Small Samples)
(Note: Severity here is look at from the standpoint of costs of
recovery and long -term illness from the injury.)
Severity Potential (H13h L—
o'
Est. Relative Freq.
13. Quadriplegia 2
12. Paraplegia 3
11. Death 2
10. Chemical Burns /Gan Inhnlntion 2
Luwel NucA dlsd bo..A Vcilcl.loc 4
Dislocated
8. Hip and Leg Joint Dislocations 3
7. Pelvic Fractures 3
6. Fractured Skull 2
S. Broken Body Bones 3
High Low )
0
(cont'd)
4. Concussion
3. Broken Nose/Teeth
2. Cuts to Hands /Head
1. Abrasions
1. Bacterial Hazards
3
5
10
10
1
estimates the like-
lihood term, which the others in
Frequency is an one injury relative to
*Relative eal statistical occurrence.
lihood of and doescnotfimply ' r.
the group and reality, 1t
tables an-educated guess at x
this tabl and judgment
While s experience
put into perspective one (severity
t
does p
man'
that the relative risk of serious injury ° ulation of large water
and shows the p p
relative frequency) is real in
x re
slides as they presently exist. Table C rearranges the
potential injuries on the basis of risk..
Table C
ESTIMATED RELATIVE RISK OF
POTENTIAL INJURIES
ON LARGE WATER SLIDES*
oen
ttial 1At0..
Rr' p1r,lfn
36 and /or.back vertebrae
dis-
Lower neck airable
36 located but rep
Quadriplegia
26 Hip and Leg Joint Dislocations
24
22
Death
Pelvic Fract ures
20 Chemicals Burns
21 - Gds Inhalation/
cuts to Hand/Head
15 Broken
l7
12 Skull
Nose/Teeth
Fractured
S
Concussion
12
Abrasions
Bacterial
10 Hazards
1
*Composite of
all large water slide
designs -- concrete,
low speed, hig h sP eed.
fiberglass.
•
Furthermore, Table C show` that the worst risks that
oration accident information are
Can happen based on real op
t he risks of paraplegia, quadriplegia, lower neck and /or
back
vertebra dislocation and hip and leg joint dislocations.
injuries can be permanent and require long .and extensive
These i
medical, rehabilitative and convalescent care resulting in
potential injury claims. Claims which could exceed the
huge P ersonal
levels of insurance of an operator and cause him p
financial risk.
C. Populations at Risk-Location and General Causes of Injury
Table D trys to put into perspective the populations
rs at risk as a function of the injury and what has been
of use
identified as causation from past accidents. Table D shows
Adults and adolescents are the population at
•
greatest risk and not children.
• Most serious accidents are happening in the splash
pool and they are design and /or supervision oriented.
High speed slides are especially accident sensitive
if not designed and operated safely.
• Deaths involve children in special situations
where supervision is not present (at night closeup
time with few patrons or supervisors around). They
violate ohviofs rules stand up in flume or hide
in sumps to get into the next- ut y,. uULb I
without paying and there are errors in security
in danger areas (sumps to pump returns).
•
..
Q►
Table D. POPULATIONS AT RISK, LOCATION AND GENERAL CAUSES
OF INJURY (FROM REAL ACCIDENTS)
Population at Risk Location of Risk Typical Causation
:?-UZy Type Top Splash Poor or No
Child Adolescent Adult Stairways Pool Flume Pool Decks Constr. Design Oper. Supv. Patron. Warnings
:•ms:riplegia x x x x x
?zranlegia x x x x x
r :" x x x x " x x x
Hazards x x x x x x x
e=:s3ack Vertebrae x x x x x x x
,...:,;.Leg Joints x x x x
_. Yic Fracture x x x x
/Eone Fracture x x x x x x x
_: c::ssions X x x x x x x x
?-`can Nose /Teeth x x x x x x x
_.:= & Abrasions 'x x x x x
La=erial Haz. x x x x x x
^i g, Horseplay, Alcohol, Ignoring Signs and Warnings
Area
•
-._ _. - .___.. _....__._,,.,
Prop er and continuous supervision is the most
critical element of a safe slide.
Comparative Risk
ttem is to put the large water slide risk into
Table E a P
to other common public risks of death
perspective with regard j on a large water
inury• The likelihood of serious injury
or �
slide is greater than in a residential pool but both are
well below all modes of transport, industrial and household .
accidents and natural disasters.
Table E
PUTTING LARGE WATER SLIDE INJURIES INTO
PERSPECTIVE
Probability of •
Probability of Serious Injury/Year
Activity Death /Year (Estimated)
(1974 Base)
1x10 �
Motor Vehicle
3x10 -4 9x10 I
Falls 9x105 3x104
Drowning
3x105 1x104
Machinery
1x10 5
Air Travel 9x10 -6 05
2x. 2x110 5
Electrocution
6x106 4x107
Railways
4x10 -6 2x108 5
5x10 7
Lightning 4x10 -5
Tornados/ 4x10 7
Hurricanes
Large Water
Slides.
••
bilo -8t n 8 3x10-6to 6x15 0 unitssindoperation
)
NX a 1000 ••
Typical improperly designed high
speed slide
2x10 5to 5x104.5
2x10- 7to4x10 -7
Dive Into lxl0-8t(est)_8
Inground
Res. Pools
• italization beyond emergency room treatment.
(loop
Sn Imp or tWU 11um,• nlidun In 0perat on
.n.l nn F nrl., .Art, '.1111,11110 /Yr
11r•r.uq.r /►rl ir.n^ h ^- ....•1 1. ....... Ob....." 1, .� ...
111u II.A. in luu• .. .1.,..�
Total attar i 1anc .,1.....1 01.. 1 . , , .
attendance. ,►ta►-
emerc ulcy auuu, L4 .... 1 .. •.
large water slides 10% as the Nserious enough to require Iles
large Water slides as being room treatment.
ization beyond the emergency
7
E. Significance of Accident History to the Industry
The most common retort by operators of large water
slides to the presentation of the number of accidents in their
industry is surprise.
"We have never had an accident at our facility," say
the operators.
"Our products are designed safely and well tested,"
say the manufacturers. "Any accidents on our systems are
tied to faulty supervision on the part of the operator."
The operators also respond, "Any accidents we have had
on our slide have been minor and caused by horseplay or down-
right ignoring of posted safety rules. Besides, I'm insured.
The insurance company inspectors said my slide was okay and I
even had the city inspectors in to rule on compliance with
municipal building and sanitary codes."
All of the above are quite true but are not of signi-
ficance based on the reality of the evaluation of a hazard
profile for this type of product.
Insurance company personnel often have little experience
with the product and the companies are pretty much indemnified
as to long-torm lncc l,or•nr;cn 1hrry ran always; r<i.icn Ihp
. group rates to recover past losses based on real accident
history. Compliance with city or state building codes and
sanitary codes are no assurance against operational accidents
8
since these codes often do not cover the minimum design and
operational safety requirements for large water slides.
Perhaps a good analogy in a similar industry will
brin g the picture into proper focus. For example, the res-
idential swimming pool and equipment industry has had a
tremendous increase in product liability lawsuits over the
last ten years. The increase has been so enormous and the
individual awards so large that some manufacturers of diving
boards and water slides can no longer get insurance and are
either self- insured, have sold out to larger corporations
who can afford to purchase their liabilities as well as
their assets, or have gone out of business.
The products in general were well designed, manufac-
tured and safe but their configurations and dimensional envel-
opes es had empirically evolved throughout the years. Although
the probability of serious diving or sliding injury in a
backyard pool is very small (about two chances in 10 million
slides or dives), eventually as the number of pools, slides
and diving boards reached the one -half million mark and above,
these statistical probabilities became greater than one per
year and real accidents began to occur which were then related
to design, construction and /or lack of watniny deteuLb "" Lts
part of the manufacturer. Since real world designs are always
a compromise between function, costs and safety due to the
9
�l.essure of a competitive marketplace, there was always some -
thing P
that the manufacturer or the operator could have done
to theoretically reduce the probability of a foreseeable ac-
cident.
.Today, there are about 25 to 35 quadriplegic accidents
a year occurring in back yard inground poW ; 1. r . om '! j v j n j
of all types. The vast majority of these result in lawsuits
against the owner of the pool, the contractor who installed
.t the manufacturer of the pool, and the manufacturers of
the pool components and equipment.
Hug e settlements and /or judgments result even when
the case has no factual merit because juries are sympathetic
to the terrible injury and plight of the plaintiff and because
skilled plaintiffs' lawyers can play on this sympathy with
inall logical arguments and under the strict product
marg Y
liability laws of many states can prevail on a jury to
give the plaintiff the benefit of any doubts.
This is one of the major problems in this industry
today and they are taking important steps to attempt to
combat it.
The large water slide industry is in the same position
that the pool industry was in about ten years ago. Deaths
plus quadriplegia dtid Jo$19 le.am 1 j1.' i t. nelf" bpgi nn].ni
to a PP ear on a very small scale. Although the slides for the
most part are carefully designed with regard to safety and
are supervised, they handle much larger numbers of people
r
,pically 400,000 to 500,000 per year per slide in a large
9
,later theme park in Florida) and of late they are evolving
into high risk thrill, rides where people may be put into
shallow water (3 feet deep or less) at speeds of 35 to 45
miles per hour. This is three to four times faster than a'
typical home pool diving board or slide puts its users into
water which is up to three times as deep.
While the major manufacturer's in the large water
slide industry are producing high -speed slides which have safe
built into them in th�� flumes, safety
at the exit to the splash pool
and by design of the pool itself, independent developers
who build their own equipment without benefit of knowledgea-
ble consultants can create a problem slide. g
Hence, the statistical potential of injury, the
energy levels that could cause serious injury, and the
potential of hitting the bottom of a shallow splash ool
another person on the slide or in the splash pool, P ,
P or the
water itself, can become significant in some installations
and are going to get more frequent as the industry grows.
Even if a large water slide is designed well and
)perated carefully, the nature of the activity on this
Ievice may put people in harm's way without any protectis
NOPpt i 11a t t 1ah't! vo.a.1 5C11C aii.l
phy.t a1 ability which un --
)rtunately is not consistent from person to person. Patrons
innot be depended upon to carry out instructions consis-
11
tently. Good supervision on the slide may not be con-
sistent and in some cases high speed slides have been
built with no provision to safely decelerate the slider
before he enters the splash pool and /or control his
attitude once he has entered.
F. What Should the Industry Do To Minimize Potential
Risks for Its Patrons and Itself?
1. Anticipate the problem and recognize that al-
though the present accident profiles may not seem signi-
ficant, the industry could be in a transitional period and
through the large water slide trade association and member-
ship the opportunity exists to take very substantial steps
.to assure a safe and viable industry in the future.
2. Form a products liability committee comprised
of manufacturers, operators, insurance carriers, and exper-
ienced legal and technical experts whose job would be to
. Compile pertinent accident statistics and details
on an industry -wide basis without any identifica-
tion of manufacturer, operator or plaintiff
(can be accomlished through insurance carriers,
newsclip sPrvires, ATJ,A computer data, CPSC, NEISS,
etc.).
Analyze this data in depth to identify any devel-
oping trends.
12
Make this data and recommendations available to
the manufacturers and operators in the industry so
that they can nse t 1u i r t ;a lent :: to develop 1.r;,r-
tical solutions to any developing safety problems.
Share and evaluate the results and histories of
any lawsuits involving serious personal injury
to identify viable defense strategies and
develop a cadre of experienced defense lawyers.
• Develop and test a group of effective warnings
to augment slide supervision that would be recom-
mended to the industry. These warnings should be
aimed at real behavioral control, simple and
effective messages that can be read and under-
stood by all users (i.e., pictures and symbols
with a minimum of verbiage, if possible).
• Evaluate present practices of supervision, safety
information transfer, operation, people control,
etc, which are common in the industry and develop
a Large Water Slide Operator's Handbook in
order that consistent safe practices can be
spread throughout the growing industry.
▪ rvi ,i1 san11y •1r n, 1II, anFill y I c. 11In1 wi I 1
be given at each yearly industry show and /or
an operators' safety seminar with video tapes
and material the operator can keep and refer
to.
Develop a recommended minimum performance standard -
for the safe design, construction and operation of large water
slides for use,by states and municipalities as the basis of
their standards`. Here manufacturers, operators and experienced
safety and design experts should combine their talents and
experience to write an updated recommended performance standard
which would assure safe design, manufacturing and operating
practices of present and future water slides.
• Structural integrity c= the e:: sire
• Cracking of fiberglass flumes.
▪ Splash pool and flume exit design to safely
decelerate high -speed adult sliders.
• Sec- ,:ii_j a.:14
Control of water chemistry and the use of chlorine.
Specific guidelines on how a slider should be
•
safely put into the splash pool as a function of
speed and attitude (on mats or pallets, off a
waterfall, sitting or head - first, etc.
• Minimum levels of lighting on the deck, the flume,
the starting pool and the splash pool for safety.
. Material.: of manufachire.
. Safe limits on dimensional design of the flume
and splash pool
as well as many other items which were called out in the
HEW /CDC Guidelines prepared in 1979 -80.*
* Guidelines are available from the U.S. Dept. of HEW,
40CDC, tl nta,
Ga. Contact Mr. Ken W. Holt, tel. #404/362-6649
14
Suggested Health and Safety Guidelines for
RECREATIONAL WATER SLIDE FLUMES
. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 0 PUT- LiC HE-ALIII SE:RV ICE 6 Es FOR 1.);SE.ASE CONTROL
PREFACE
The recreational water slide flume industry is expanding into States which
do not have adequate regulations to control the health and safety features of
these facilities. This publication, therefore, has been prepared to assist State
and local health agencies develop practical water slide flume safety and health
regulations. These guidelines, along with the appropriate inspection and enforce-
ment procedures, should serve as the • foundation for establishing practical regu-
latory programs. The technical content of the guidelines suggested may have to be
modified to meet the particular needs of a State or local agency.
Readers are directed to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
standards for making buildings and facilities accessible to, and usable by,. the
physically handicapped. The reference standard is A117.1 -1976 (197.1), by the
ANSI, 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018.
This publication would not have been possible without the valuable advice
provided by numerous individuals within many organizations. Special thanks
are due to the National Swimming Pool Institute (NSPI) for preparing the initial
draft of this document and for maintaining liaison efforts with members of the
recreational water slide flume industry. Appreciation is extended to the following
organizations for reviewing this manuscript:
Swimming Pool Consensus Review Panel, American Public Health Associ-
tion; Preventable Disease Division, Department of Health Services, State of
Connecticut; Division of Personal Environmental Health Services, Depart-
ment of Health, State of Ohio; Division of Communicable and Venereal
Disease, Department of Health, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts;
Division of Water Supply, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational
Health, Department of Public Health, State of Michigan; and the Sanitary
Engineering Section, Department of Health Services, State of California.
iii
INTRODUCTION
we provide health and
e five of this document is to p
►; at the State and local levels with preliminary
for evaluating and approving the design, construe-
operation of recreational water slide flti gores to
ees (slides),
1,m,' adeq uate monitoring tecfuniques and l
•
safe operations.
ese guidelines are meant to provide a basic view of
slide flumes from a health and safety s fp they
though all slides are similar in general
in design, construction, and operation to such an extent
all can be considered custom devices. Therefore, any
h and safety officer must look beyond these guidelines
acover problems that may be unique to the particular
Nation he or she is evaluating.
coupled with a large number of sliders, cou►a caws
the users to slip.
In addition, they could slip when entering the top pool and
when Leaving the splash pool, especially where there are no
slip- resistant surfaces, no handrails, and no good deck drain-
age
;eneral Description of Recreational Water Slide Flumes
fides are recreational devices designed to provide a de-
ding ride into a splash -down pool at the base of the slide.
• friction on the slide bed or flume is achieved in all de-
s by providing a flowing water film.
These slides may be cut into the slopes of a natural hillside
nto an artificially excavated hill,
ucture l »chlprovides both supported
support
n level ground by
ngth and proper angle alignment for the slide bed.
A typical slide may consist of one or more flumes, an entry
A, a splash pool, a pump reservoir, and water treatment and
aping facilities.
Water slide flumes are commercial establishments designed
use by the public, with no restrictions placed on use by
her children or adults. Manufacturer's guidelines or health
:ncies, however, may suggest restrictions in certain designs.
2.1.2 Abrasions and cuts:are predominantly associated with
hand, arm, or torso contact with the wall edge of the flume or
the edge of tunnels during a descent. The nature of the injury
is associated with the materials of the flume. That is, abrasions
are most common in flumes made of concrete that do not have
sealants and epoxy paints on the upper portion of the flume
walls and top rails, but cuts are associated mostly with fiber-
glass flumes that have short top rails which allow finger con-
tact with the outer edge of 'the fiberglass or with poorly
butted, sealed, or patched fiberglass sections.
Some cuts have been reported Gone touching the sharp
bottom edges of chain Zink fences placed too close to the
flumes of concrete slides.
2.1.3 Sliders n on the flun a ndei 1` the s impact
Jet s splash pool. These accidents are
associated with the following circumstances:
a. Slider hits flume wall when no smooth transition section
leads into a turn.
b. Torso, face, or head hits wall of flume off the when
a
control of his or her body p
slide.
c. Slider stands up in flume and is struck from behind by
another slider.
d. Sliders ride double on the mat or piggyback.
• e. Adult- sliders who are under the influence of alcohol
enter the splash pool headfirst in a steep dive.
f. Sliders hit others in splash pool.
g. Structural failures cause falls.
2.1.4 No drownings in a splash pool have ever been reported e
from the normal operation of a slide of any type.
one fatality, however, resulted when a child crawled into a
water return opening which carried water to a holding tank
and the recirculation pumps.
2.2 Chemical Hazards
Accident reports indicate
from:
a. Release of gaseous chlorine by untrained operators,
which could result in attendees at the site being exposed
to a potentially fatal hazard.
b. Lack of proper chemical control in the water, which
could result in excessive eye irritation.
2.3 Bacteriological Hazards
No illnesses transmitted to the public from slide operations
have been reported, but the potential for bacteriological
problems is high because of the high flow and aeration rates of
the water, which tend to rapidly deplete the free chlorine
residual.
D Details of Present Experience with Health and Safety
oblems with Slides
Three categories of potential hazards have been identified
1 the basis of available accident information as unique to
ide use and design. These are:
2.1 Structural and Operational Hazards
2.2 Chemical Hazards
2.3 Bacteriological Hazards
'.1 Structural and Operational Ilazards
The design, construction, maintenance, and operation of
particular slide have a major influence on both the frequency
Ind the magnitude of potential accidents. These accidents
stay result in minor cuts, contusions, abrasions, or, in rare
rases, serious injury.
Typical structural and operational hazards are given below.
2.1.1 The greatest potential for injuries exists on stairways
leading to the top pool and in the concourse area at the top
of the slide, where puddling and algae growth in pool drainage,
1
potential problems in this area
••..•. n.w {.V.W .Vl amnia/ring n'arer Nimes
,he routine inspection of slides is basically an inventory of
`erations and maintenance procedures carried out at the
;fide. An important goal of this inspection is the detection of
operational, structural, and equipment defects which exist
because of poor design, operation, and maintenance. Those
defects most likely to cause injury or illness should be cor-
rected first.
5.1 Inspection Policies
5.1.1 Frequency of Inspection. During the operating season,
it is essential that a health official 'inspect the slide at least
once a week. The suggested intervals are for the average
slide. Less frequent or more frequent inspection might be in
order for the unusual facility.
5.1.2 Time of Inspection. Inspections at times of least use
and most use are as valuable in this field as they are in other
fields of environmental health (for example, restaurant inspec
dun). Operational problems, such as difficulty in maintaining
disinfectant residuals, will necessitate review during high load-
ing, whereas problems of backwashing and flume structural
soundness night be solved by inspection during low loading
or before the slide is opened when the flumes are dry.
5.1.3 Inspection Routine. The most efficient technique is
one that will permit a thorough inspection in the least possible
time without excessively retracing steps. One suggested tech-
nique is to review the service buildings first, proceed to the
flume area when it is dry, then to the pool area and pool tank,
and finish with an inspection of the equipment room, or
rooms.
The pool manager or equipment operator should accom-
pany the person making the inspection. This will increase the
effectiveness of the inspection. If possible, the facility should
be inspected in the morning before the water is circulated and
later in the day after operational equilibrium has been attained
and heavy usage can be observed.
5.2 Safety Checks
5.2.1 Flumes. The person making the walkdown inspection
of flumes should ("heck for louse railings, leaking seals at the
butt joints, rough patching of cracks or joints, absence of, or
loose, guards on the turns, unusual movement of the flume
bed when walked on, the growth of algae on wooden flume
support structures, sharp edges on the flume safety rails, the
projection of scrub growth close to flume troughs, the projec-
tion of any structure (for example, a chain link fence) into the
flume troughs, and a smooth clear view of the splash pool at
the exit of the flume.
Observations during flume operation should include the
movement of users, height of users' bodies on side walls during
turns, user impact with flume walls, and user safety during the
exit into the splash pool. A proper and steady flow rate for
lume water is an important safety feature for slow sliders in
he high slope portions and tums.
These safety features at the flume exit should be especially
toted: a splash pool shallow enough to prevent children from
11
drowning, enough room to avoid impact with other sliders and
to afford safe deceleration, and an exit posture that prevents
head injury upon :entering the splash pool.
5.2.2 Lower Pool and Pool Area and Decks. The problems
of pool surroundings, puddling on decks, spectator control,
pool structure, pool fittings and appurtenances, and water
quality will be ofmajor importance.
Testing the disinfectant level and p11 will be a routine pro-
cedure.
Ordinarily, other chemical tests of the pool water will not
be done routinely', but testing for hardness-with a field kit may
be useful. These kits are available commercially.
The clarity ofsplash pool water is ordinarily acceptable if
no turbidity is noted and bottom detail is clearly visible.
Bacteriological, sampling, normally done at this time, is
described in 5.4 and 5.5 below.
5.2.3 Gas Chlorine Rooms. Problems in the gas chlorine
storage room may be critical to the safety of slide users, and
the storage room should be carefully checked un each inspec-
tion.
Inspectors should check for proper ventilation; cleanliness;
the storage of other chemicals, especially oxidizers, in the gas
chlorine ruonn; proper operation and maintenance of the scale;
location of electrical switches; proper warnings and emergency
instructions inside and just outside the door to the storage
room; and posted instructions on how to properly change
chlorination cylinders. Inspectors should check for chlorine
leaks with ammonia (at the cylinder valve packing and at the •
head gasket seal between the chlorinator and the chlorine
cylinder valve). Chlorine leaking out the vent may indicate a
leak at .the safety shutoff valve. Proper gas masks should be
on the premises, and, if possible, in an area least affected by
the gas and where operators have ready access to them.
5.3 Recommended Procedures for Monitoring Chemical
Content
All tests for chemical content of flume water are done
with standard test kits. Local health departments and local
distributors of swimming pool equipment can give advice on
proper test kits. Each kit is supplied with specific use instruc-
tions and pass -fail criteria. These are also noted in the table on
pages 7 -9 and are specified for particular localities in local
sanitation codes.
5.4 Recommended Bacteriological Sampling of Slide Waters
Local health and sanitation codes provide detailed instruc-
tions on sampling techniques and safe quality limitations. The
following. represents a general example of bacteriological
sampling of pool waters.
a. Sample Bottles. All sample bottles must be sterilized
and treated with sodium thiosulfate to reduce the
chlorine present in the water at the moment the sample
is collected.
b. Collection of Samples
(I) Time of collection - Generally, samples should he
collected only when the pool is in use and, prefer-
, Recommendations on the Use of Elemental Chlorine and
)perational Procedures
Although 'chlorine solution (hypochlorite) is preferable
from a safety standpoint, gaseous chlorine may be approved as
the disinfectant. If gaseous chlorine is used, however, these
guidelines should be followed.
4.3.1 General. Chlorine is one of the chemical elements. The
gas has a characteristic odor, is greenish - yellow; and is about
2 1/2 times as heavy as air. Chlorine is shipped in steel cylin-
ders which meet the specifications of the U.S. Department of
Transportation; standard sizes contain either 100 .or 150
pounds of chlorine. In the cylinder, the chlorine has both a
liquid and a gas phase. All cylinders are equipped with the
Chlorine Institute Standard Chlorine Cylinder Valve. Chlorine
is a "hazardous material," subject to Department of Transpor-
tation and Environmental Protection Agency regulations.
Users must be informed about proper procedures for handling
chlorine and about emergency procedures. Detailed informa-
tion is available from chlorine suppliers and the Chlorine
Institute, 342 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017.
4.3.2 Equipment and Installation. Chlorination equipment
should be located so that an equipment failure or malfunction
will have a minimum effect on an emergency evacuation of
patrons.
The chlorinator, cylinders of chlorine, and associated equip-
ment should be housed in a reasonably gastight and corrosion -
resistant area, with an adequate floor area. Cylinders should be
securely fastened to a wall or post. Except for chemicals used
to check chlorine leaks, no other chemicals should be stored
in the chlorine enclosure.
It is strongly recommended that enclosures be located at
ground or aboveground level. If the enclosure must be in-
stalled below grade, it should have airtight ducts from the
bottom of the enclosure to atmosphere in an unrestricted area,
a motor- driven exhaust fan capable of producing at least one
air change per ini lute, and automatic louvers- of good design
near the top of the enclosure for admitting fresh air. The en-
closure should be inaccessible to casual slide users and, if pos-
sible, locked. All keys should be kept on the premises so that
they will be readily available when needed by servicing person-
nel.
Containers may be stored indoors or outdoors. Storage
areas should: (a) minimize external corrosion, (b) be clean
and free of trash, (c) not be near an elevator or ventilation
system, and (d) be away from elevated temperatures or heat
sources. Full and empty cylinders should be segregated and
tagged.
Contents of a chlorine cylinder can be determined only by
weight; therefore. facilities should include a scale suitable for
weighing the cylinders. A cylinder should be changed only
after weighing proves that its contents have been exhausted.
An automatic chlorine leak detector should be installed,
especially in below -grade installations.
10
Respirators approved by the National Institute for Occupa-
tional Safety and Health should be provided for protection
against chlorine.
At least one •approved self - contained breathing apparatus
should be provided. Respiratory equipment should be mount-
ed outside the chlorine enclosure and filter cartridges replaced
after each use.
Elemental chlurine feeders should be activated by a booster
pump, with recirculated water. The booster pump should be
interlocked to the filter pump to prevent the feeding of chlor-
ine when the recirculation pump is not running.
Connections from the cylinders to the system depend on
the type of chlorinator used and should comply with the
chlorinator manufacturer's recommendation. •
Electrical switches for the control of artificial lighting and
ventilation should be on the outside of the enclosure, adjacent
to the door.
4.3.3 Operational Procedures. A specific person should be
responsible for chlorination operations and should be trained
in the performance of routine operations, including emergency
procedures and leak - control procedures.
A safety chart should be posted in or near the chlorine
enclosure, and a second chart should be in the pool office near
the telephone. Such charts are available from many suppliers
and from the Chlorine Institute, 342 Madison Avenue, New
York, New York 10017. The telephone number of the chlo-
rine supplier should be shown on these charts.
Chlorine cylinders must be handled with care. Valve protec-
tion caps and valve outlet caps should be in place at all times,
except when the cylinder is connected for use. Cylinders
must not be dropped and should be protected from falling
objects. Cylinders should be used on a first -in, first -out basis.
Fresh washers should be used each time a cylinder is con-
nected.
As soon as a container is empty, the valve should be closed
and the lines disconnected. The outlet should be promptly
capped and the valve protection hood attached. The open end
of the disconnected line should be plugged or capped prompt-
ly to keep atmospheric moisture out of the system.
Although chlorine suppliers make every effort to furnish
chlorine in properly conditioned cylinders, chlorine gas leaks
may still occur. Operating personnel should be informed about
leak- control procedures.
To fihd a chlorine gas leak,•tie a cloth soaked in ammonia
to the end of a stick and hold the cloth close to the suspected
area. If clilorine gas is leaking, a white cloud will form. Water
should never be used on a chlorine leak. The corrosive action
of chlorine and water will make the leak worse.
Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit A, available from chlorine
suppliers, contains devices for capping leaks at cylinder valves
and some leaks in the cylinder wall. Further information on
these kits and training slides demonstrating their use are
available from the Institute.
MINIMUM IDEAL MAXIMUM
COMMENTS:
ALGAECIDES
i. Quaternary algaecides, ppm
1
3
5
May not be permitted. Health Department
officials should be consulted. Quats may
create a chlorine demand. Ineffective on some
algae. May cause foaming.
2. Copper -based algaecides,
(nonchelated), ppm
0.1
0.2
0.3
Ineffective against some algae. Health Depart -
meat officials should be consulted before
using. May contribute to staining.
3. Copper -based algaecides,
ppm
0.1
1.0 .
3.0
See`comment above. ..
4. Silver -based algaecides,
ppm
0.5
1.5
3.0
Precipitates with cyanuric acid. Ineffective
against some algae. Health Department
officials should be consulted before using.
F. REMEDIAL PRACTICES
1. Superchlorination
frequency
Monthly
When
combined,
chlorine is
0.2 ppm or
more.
Weekly
If water turbidity is:
•
2. Required superchlorination
chlorine, ppm
5
10
--
•
3. Required shock treatment
chlorine, ppm
10
--
--
4. Floccing frequency
--
When needed
--
NOTE: Floc only to maintain water clarity
and supplement filtration.
5. Water replacement
.
--
--
--
G. TEMPERATURE
1, Temperature, °F
H. WATER CLARITY
104°
1. Water turbidity,.ITUs
•
0
0.5
or less
1.0
If water turbidity is:
•
TOO HIGH
• Chlorine level may
be too low.
• Filtration system
may be inoperative.
• Too turbid water
may lead to drown-
ings, because of
reduced visibility.
9
•
MINIMUM
IDEAL
MAXIMUM
COMMENTS
/
hardness (ppm as CaCo3)
•
50
125
500
If hardness is:
TOO LOW TOO HIGH
•Plaster or concrete • Scaling may occur.
etching may occur. • Water has bad
• Corrosion "feel."
• Short filter runs
6. Copper, ppm
None
•
None
03
If copper content" is: TOO HIGH
• Staining may occur.
• Water may discolor.
• Chlorine may dis-
sipate rapidly.
• Filter may plug.
• May indicate pll too
low, corrosion, etc.
7. Iron, ppm
None
None
0.3
If iron content is:
TOO HIGH
• Staining may occur.
• Water may discolor.
• Chlorine may dis-
sipate rapidly.
• Filter may plug.
1. Algae
None
,
None
None
If algae are observed:
• Superchlorinate or shock treat.
• Supplement with brushing and vacuuming.
• Maintain adequate free chlorine residual.
• Use approved algaecide according to label
directions.
2. Bacteria
None
None
Refer to
local
health
code.
If bacteria count exceeds Health Department
requirements:
• Superchlorinate and follow proper main -
tenance procedures.
• Maintain proper free chlorine residual.
1. Cyanuric acid,lpm
30
--
150
except where
If stabilizer is:
TOO LOW TOO HIG11 .
limited by
• Chlorine residual • May exceed Health
Health Dept.
may be rapidly de- Dept. regulations.
requirements,
often to
stroyed by
sunlight.
100 ppm.
NOTE: Consult your health agency for use
of stabilizers.
8
TABLE: CHEMICAL OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS
Mg/1 (ppm)
1 MINIMUM 1 IDEAL 1 MAXIMUM 1 COMMENTS:
L. DISINFECTANT LEVELS
. Free chlorine, ppm
1.0
1.0 -1.5
3.0
NOTE: Chlorine should be maintained at thi
level continually. Superchlorinate regularly.
See F.3 below.
. Combined chlorine, ppm
None
None
•
0.2
If combined chlorine is too high, you ma;
have: _.
• Sharp chlorinous odors
a Eye burn
• Algae growth
• Bacteria growth
(Combined chlorine is eliminated by supei
chlorination.)
;. Bromine, ppm
1.0
1.5
3.0
NOTE: Health department officials shout
. be consulted before bromine is used.
Iodine, ppm
1.0
1.5
5.0
(includes
all forms)
NOTE: Health department officials should b
consulted before iodine is used. Ma:
discolor water; ineffective agains
algae.
I. CHEMICAL VALUES
s
d
. pH
7.2
•
7.5
7.8
If pH is:
TOO HIGH TOO LOW
• Lower chlorine • Rapid dissipation of
efficiency chlorine
•Scale formation • Plaster /concrete
• Cloudy water etching,
• Increased chemical • Eye discomfort
demand • Corrosion of metals
• Eye discomfort
. Total alkalinity
(ppm as CaCo3)
60
100
200
If total alkalinity is:
TOO LOW TOO HIGH
• pH bounce • Cloudy water
• Corrosion tendency • Increased scaling
potential
•
• pH too high
,. Undissolved solids
•
None
None
None
If undissolved solids are:
TOO FIIGFI
• Filter may not work
properly.
• Water may be un-
sightly.
,. Dissolved solids, ppm
.
.
300
—
1500*
If dissolved solids are:
TOO LOW TOO HIGH
• Total alkalinity may • Chlorine may be less
be too low. effective.
• Water may be poorly • Scaling may occur.
buffered. • Fresh water should
be added.
• Salty taste
• Dull water.
• • Chemical balance
difficult to maintain
This limit has not been confirmed yet.
7
'as, walkways, stairways, and flumes, as recommended by
,ocal codes or The Illuminating Engineering Society Lighting
Handbook.
4.0 Operating Instructions
The manufacturer or the general contractor of the slide
should provide the operator with a detailed written operation-
al manual, or guide,. for all phases of operations and normal
maintenance of each component of the system. The guide
should be kept in a secure area and made available to each
employee as needed. This guide should include, as a minimum,
the following information:
a. Customer safety rules to be posted at the entrance to
flumes.
b. Required training. or certification levels of upper and
lower pool supervisors.
c. The number and type of operating personnel.
d. Specific work statements for each employee.
e. Recommendations on the safe handling of crowds during
emergencies.
f. Slide maintenance and cleanup.
g. Disinfectant operation.
h. Chlorine cychnder changing procedure Of applicable).
i. Pump operating instructions.
j. Backwash procedure.
k. Operating instructions for vacuum filters Of applicable).
I. Filter pit draining and :leaning procedure.
m.1Vater test instructions—frequency of testing, method of
test, interpretation of results.
n. Filter checks.
o. Record - keeping for health department.
p. First -aid reports.
q. Emergency phone numbers.
r. Equipment and operational troubleshooting instructions.
s. Safe repair practices for flume and decks.
4.1 Competence of Operators
Having properly trained and conscientious employees on
site is the most important safety factor in the operation of
slides. .
• At least one person who has completed the Standard First
Aid and Personal Safety course, as offered by the American
National Red Cross. or the equivalent should be on duty at
all times during operating hours. This person should also be
•competent in carrying out any emergency procedures peculiar
to the slide he or she is operating.
4.1.1 Splash Pool Supervisor.' The principal function of the
lower pool supervisor is to serve as a lifeguard. The lower pool
supervisor should be qualified in both first -aid and life- saving
techniques through Red Cross training or the equivalent.
6
The lower pool supervisor should also control crowds in
the splash pool by keeping sliders moving into and out of the
lower pool as quickly and in as orderly a manner as possible;
he or she should also control any horseplay, running, or un-
safe behavior in the lower flumes, the splash pool, and the
pool decks.
4.1.2 Upper Pool Supervisor. The principal functions of the
upper pool supervisor are to control crowds and sliders starting
from the upper :pool and flume, control the timing of each
person on the slide, and supervise all visible portions of the
flumes.
4.1.3 Responsibility for Chlorination and Water Treatment.
A specific person on each shift should be responsible for dis-
infection and water treatment operations and should be
thoroughly trained in the performance of routine operations,
including emergency procedures and leak - control problems. If
possible, these people should complete training courses on
swimming pool operations, given through local departments
of health. A typical reference text available for such training
is Swimming Pool Operators Handbook, published by the
.National Swimming Pool Foundation. This text is available
through the National Swimming Pool institute, 2000 K Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. Another reference is Swim-
ming Pools — Safety and Disease Control Through Proper De-
sign and Operation. This manual is available through the En-
vironmental Health Services Division, Center for Environ-
mental Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
30333. As an alternative, they should be trained by a profes-
sional operator.
The facility should not be in operation without such a
person in attendance. No one else should be responsible for
chlorination or water treatment operations.
4.1.4 Responsibility for Circulation and Filter System Opera-
tion. A specific person on each shift should be made respon-
sible for circulation and filter system operation, checks, main-
tenance, backwash, and cleaning. This person should be trained
by a professional operator or an expert in swimming pool
operations and should carry out all scheduled cleanings and
maintenance on the circulation and filter systems.
4.2 Chemical Operational Parameters
The table on pages 7 -9 sets forth the suggested operational
parameters for proper chemical treatment and maintenance
of both flume and pool waters: Because of high aeration rates
and potentially high slider Toads in the lower pool, tests for
water quality and chemical balance should be made every
hour the facility is operating.
Proper water balance should be obtained each day before
the facility is opened to the public. Chemical treatment
alone will not produce sanitary pool water. A filtration
system, in proper operational condition, is also needed to.at=
tain clean and clear pool water.
All portions of the potable water supply system serv-
ile slide and auxiliary facilities should be protected
fist backflow.
,.11.3 Potable water introduced into the slide circulation sys-
tem, either directly or through the recirculation system, should
be supplied through an air gap (American National Standards
Institute — A40.4 -1942) or other approved means.
3.12 Disinfectant and Chemical Feeders
3.12.1 Disinfectants used in flume anil pool water should
)rovide a disinfecting residual in the pool water. Chlorine or
thlorine compounds are most frequently used for this purpose,
)ut other bactericidal agents or apparatuses are acceptable if
.egistered by , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
,Refer to Cheical Operational Parameters, Section 4.2.)
4.12.2 Adequate and appropriate equipment for introducing a
Gsinfectant into the recirculating system should be provided. •
his equipment should be of sufficient capacity to maintain
ppropriate disinfectant residual levels at all times (see Section
). The DPD ( diethyl- p- phenylenediamine) or other suitable
ree chlorine test method is suggested as a means of testing
)r the free chlorine residual.
.12.3 Feeding equipment should be enduring in quality and
ipable of permanently and precisely feeding the required
uantity of disinfecting agent to the pool water. The disin-
cting material used should be subject to field- testing pro -
gdures, which are simple and accurate.
12.4 Hypochlorinators or other adjustable- output rate
emical- feeding equipment should conform to the joint
itional Swimming Pool Institute- National Sanitation Found -
on Standard #19, relating to "Adjustable Output Rate
iemical Feeding Equipment and Flow Thru Chemical Feed-
; Equipment for Swimming Pools."
12.5 Capacities of chemical feeders should be adequate to
'Worm to the requirements of Section 3.12.2.
2.6 Personnel responsible for the operation of disinfecting
iipment should be properly trained in equipment operation,
Id test procedures, and emergency procedures. (See Sections
hrough 7.)
3 Toilets and Showers
3.1 The minimum criteria for bathhouse facilities should
based upon the following chart:
PLUMBING FIXTURES RECOMMENDED
3.13.2 Tempered water only should be provided at all shower
heads. Water heater and thermostatically controlled mixing
valves should be capable of providing 2 gpm (7.6 liters per
minute) of approximately 90° F. water to each shower head.
The heater and valves should be inaccessible to sliders.
3.13.3 Soap dispensers for liquid or powdered soap should
be provided at. each`> lavatory. Dispensers must be all metal or
all plastic, with no glass.
3.13.4 Unbreakable mirrors should be provided over each
lavatory. Toilet paPer holders should be provided at each
water closet combination.
3.13.5 Fixtures should be installed in accordance with local
plumbing codes and properly protected against hack siphon -
age.
3.13.6 Fixtures should be designed for easy cleaning. Fre-
quent cleaning and disinfecting should not cause damage.
3.13.7 Sanitary napkin dispensers should be installed in toilet
and shower areas for use by females.
3.14 Visitor and Spectator Areas
The spaces used by visitors and spectators should be dis-
tinctly and absolutely separated from those spaces used by
sliders. .Visitors and spectators in street clothes may be
allowed within the perimeter enclosure if they are confined to
an area separated from the space the sliders use.
3.15 Food Service
No food or drinks should be permitted in the immediate
area of the flumes and pools or on the decks, stairs, and
walkways surrounding the flumes and pools. Food and bev-
erages should be allowed in the visitor and spectator area or
in a similarly separated snack area for sliders. Trash containers
should be provided to keep litter off the decks and walkways
and out of the Hurries and pools.
3.16 Electrical Safety . and Lighting
3.16.1 The latest National Electrical Code, as published by
the National Fire Protection Association, or a local code,
whichever is more restrictive, should be used for the wiring
and grounding of all electrical equipment associated with a
slide and for the grounding of all metallic appurtenances.
3.16.2 Whenever slides are operated after dark, artificial
lighting should be provided in upper and lower pool and deck
FOR WATER SLIDE FLUMES
,. of Fixtures Commodes
Male Female
2 •
3
4
1 -199 1 -99
200 -399 100 -199
400-600 200 -399
400 -600
Over 600, one fixture for
each additional 300 males
and females.
Urinals .
(Males)
1 -199
200 -399
400 -600
Over 600,
one fixture
for each
300 males.
5
Lavatory
Per Male /Female
1 -199
200 -399
400 -750
Over 750,
one for each
additional
500 persons.
Showers
Per Male /Female
1 -99
100 -199
200 -299
Over 299,
one for each
additional
.100 persons.
, Where a mechanical seal is provided, components of
seal should be corrosion resistant and capable of operating
,nder conditions normally encountered in slide operation.
3.6.6 Proper direction of rotation for the pump should be
clearly indicated by an arrow on the pump data plate, on a
separate plate attached to the pump, or cast into the pump
itself.
3.6.7 All motors should have, as a minimum, an open drip -
proof enclosure (as defined by the latest National Electrical
Manufacturers Association standards) and should perform
satisfactorily under conditions normally encountered in slide
operation.
3.6.8 All motors should have thermal overload protection,
either built in or in the line starter, to provide locked rotor
and running protection.
3.6.9 The motor frame should be properly grounded.
3.6.10 Pumps used on slides should comply with the latest
joint National Swimming Pool Institute- National Sanitation
Foundation performance standards in effect at the time the
pump is installed.
3.7 Water Makeup Systems
3.7.1 A surge -free automatic water makeup system should
insure that the water in the splash pool is maintained at the
proper level.
3.7.2 When surface skimmers are used as the sole overflow
system, at least two skinuners should be used. Skimmers
should be provided for each. 500,square feet (46.5 m2), or
fraction thereof, of the pool surface area. When two or more
skimmers are used, they should 'maintain effective skimming
action over the entire surface.
3.7.3 Permanently installed surface skimmers should comply
with the latest joint National Swimming Pool Institute- Nation-
al Sanitation Foundation performance standards in effect at
the time the makeup system is installed.
3.8 Inlets and Outlets
3.8.1 .Pool inlets and outlets should produce a uniform circu-
lation of water to maintain a uniform disinfectant residual.
3.8.2 The number of inlets should be based on either one inlet
per 600 square feet (55.7 m2) of pool area or one inlet per
15,000 gallons (56.780 liters) of pool capacity, whichever is
greater.
3.8.3 At least one outlet should be provided at the lowest
point of the floor to completely drain the entire floor. When
the main outlets for pool pump 'suction are installed in the
pool floor near one end, the spacing should not be greater than
20 feet (6.1 m) on centers, and an outlet should be provided
not more than 15 feet (4.57 m) from each side wall. The total
velocity through grate openings should not exceed 2 feet per
second (61 cm /second). Grate openings should be designed to
prevent fingers and toes, etc., from being trapped in the open-
ings.
4
3.8.4 Outlets on pump suction, except those for skimmers,
should be covered with suitable protective grates that cannot
be removed except with toots.
3.8.5 An over- the -rim spout, if used, should not create a haz-
ard. Its open end should have no sharp edges and should not
protrude more than 2 inches (5.1 cm) beyond the edge of the
pool.
3.8.6 Inlets from the circulation system should not project
enough to cause harm to the splash pool user.
3.9 Piping
3.9.1 The size of,the slide circulation piping should permit
the rated flows for filtering and cleaning without exceeding
the total head developed by the pump at the rated flow.
3.9.2 The water velocity should not exceed 10 feet per second
(3.05 m /second) for discharge piping, except for copper pipe,
where the velocity should not exceed 8 feet per second (2.44
m /second), and asbestos cement pipe, where the velocity
should not exceed 6 feet per second (1.83 m /second). Suction
velocity for all piping should not exceed 6 feet per second
(1.88 m /second).
3.9.3. All piping around slides which is subject to damage by
freezing should be sloped for adequate drainage and supported
at sufficiently close intervals so that water will not be trapped
in sags between the supports. If needed, swing joints or other
means for expanding or contracting pipes should be provided.
3.10 Waste Water Disposal
3.10.1 Overflow water should be returned to the filter system
or discharged to a waste system approved by local authorities.
Where perimeter overflow water discharges into a sanitary
sewer, a suitable air gap at least 1 1/2 times the discharge
diameter should be provided to create a gravity .drip which has
no direct mechanical connection into the sewer.
3.10.2 When an air gap is impractical, a relief manhole with a
grated cover may be constructed in the perimeter overflow
main waste line, the clear area of which should be twice the
area of the main waste piping. It should be at a level so that
the waste flow in the line will rise in the manhole and over-
flow at ground level not less than 2 feet (61 cm) below the
level of the perimeter overflow lip.
3.10.3 Sewage from public restrooms should be discharged
into a sanitary sewer, a septic tank, or other waste lines which
meet with the approval of the local authorities.
3.10.4 Filter backwash water May be discharged into a sani-
tary sewer through an approved air gap, or into an approved
subsurface disposal system, or by other means approved by
local authorities.
3.11 Water Supply
3.11.1 The water supply serving the pool should meet the
requirements of the appropriate authority.
1'
�rlume.exit system should provide safe entry into the
,pool. Present practices for safe entry include a water
,sp, a deceleration distance, and an attitude control.
er methods are acceptable as long as safe exit velocities
proper user attitudes are assured under normal use.
10 Splash pool, depth at the end of a flume should be 3
This depth should be maintained in front of the flume
► distance of at least 20 feet, from which point the splash
floor may have a constant slope upward to the minimuin
'r depth. These slopes should be no more than 1 foot in 7
If special exit systems that assure safe exit from the
e and safe entry to the splash pool are used, the 3 -foot
h and minimum maintenance distance for this depth can
'aived.
I 1 Decks along the exit side of the splash pool should be
ast 10 feet wide, have slip - resistant surfaces, and be sloped
'een 4 to 6 inches in 10 square feet away from, the pool to
rage or to deck drains. Decks should not retain standing
r. If deck drains are used, at least one floor drain for every
square feet of surface should be provided.
ny decks at the entrance to the top of the flume should
gained as described above.
ecks along the side opposite the pump reservoir should
least 4 feet wide and should have the same slip resistance
Irainage requirements as top and splash pool decks.
le pump reservoir area should be accessible, for cleaning
naintenance, by a 3 -foot minimum width walkway deck.
2 A 4 -foot minimum width walkway, walkway steps, or
irway should be provided between the plunge pool and
ap of the flume.
alkways and steps should be well drained, non - slippery,
separated from the flume by a physical barrier, set back
lough from the operating flume so that users cannot con -
t on the way down.
3 All stairways used as part of a slide should not retain
ing water and should conform to the requirements of
building codes.
4 The pump reservoirs should have sufficient volume to
in at least 2 minutes of combined flow from all water
nent and flume pumps and enough water to insure that
wer splash pool will maintain a constant water depth.
' irculation Systems
The filtration equipment should be of adequate size to
over" the entire system's water at least once every hour.
■uld be capable of returning the pool water to a turbidity
50 Jackson Turbidity Units at least once during the 8
after the peak user load. In any event, the bottom of the
pool should be clearly visible at all times.
Pool water should be drained from the equipment and
:posed face piping by removing dram plugs, manipulating
• drain valves, or by other methods.
All equipment should have installation and operation
:tions.
3
3.4.4 A flow meter should be provided on the exit side of the
filter system. A pressure gauge should be provided on the in-
fluent side and on the effluent side of all filters.
3.4.5 Materials used in the circulation system should comply
with the requirements :of the latest joint National Swimming
Pool Institute - National Sanitation Foundation standards.
3.4.6 In climates subject to freezing temperatures, the splash
pool shell and appurtenances, piping, filter system, pump and
motor, and other components should be designed, con-
structed, and operated to eliminate damage from freezing.
3.5 Filters
3.5.1 Filters should be designed to maintain pool water under
anticipated operating conditions in accordance with section
3.4.1 of these guidelines. Filters should be designed so that
filtration surfaces can be easily restored to their design capac-
ity and efficiency.
3.5.2 A means for releasing air which enters the filter tank
should be provided. This may be automatic or manual. Where
an upflow design is used, air must be expelled through the
filter tank. Any filters incorporating an automatic internal
air release as their principal means of air release must have lids
which provide a slow and safe release of pressures. Any sepa-
ration tank used in conjunction with a filter tank must have a
manual means of air. release or a lid which provides a slow
and safe release of pressures.
3.5.3 A statement warning personnel not to start the filter
pump without first opening•the air release should be clearly
visible on the separation tank in the area of the air release.
3.5.4 Piping furnished with the filter should he capable of
withstanding three times the working pressure. The suction
piping should not collapse when flow on the suction side of
the pump is completely shut off.
3.6 Pumps
3.6.1 Pumps and motors should be. provided to circulate the
water in the splash pool and slide. Performance of all filter
pumps should meet the conditions of flow required for filter-
ing and cleaning (if applicable) the filters against the total
head developed by the complete system. Flume pumps and
motors should be of adequate size, as specified by the flume
manufacturer, and should meet all NSPI standards for swim-
ming pool pumps.
3.6.2 The pump suction header should have a gauge which
indicates pressure. The gauge should be installed as close to
the pump inlet as possible.
3.6.3 All pressure filter systems should have suitable remov-
able strainers or screens before all circulation pumps to remove
solids, debris, hair, lint, and other materials. Water entering a
pump should pass through the screen.
3.6.4 Pump units should be accessible for inspection and
service. Replacement parts should fit with existing parts with-
out mounting holes having to be redrilled or the replacement
part having to be otherwise altered.
irlifieifs operators must test the chlorine and pH leve
,,e frequently if a healthy chemical balance is to be main
,ine d.
In addition, flexible or plastic foam used to traverse th
flume may, after being stored dry for more than 48 hours
become a site of bacterial growth if it is not sprayed with, o
soaked in, pool water with proper chlorine and pH levels.
3.0 Recommended Design and Construction Criteria
Is
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r
1.1 Materials of Manufacture
1.1.1 The materials for components and accessories used in
rnd around slides should be compatible with humans and the
:nvironrnent in which they are installed. These materials
could be capable of fulfilling the design, installation, and
mended use requirements.
1.1.2 The materials for components and accessories to be used
1 and around slides should be such that the operational
trength of the entire assembly and of each of its components
not adversely affected by exposure to rain, snow, ice, sun -
ght, local normal temperature extremes, local normal wind
niations, expected local air pollution products, and the
techanical, electrical, and chemical environment in and
.ound the slides. "Local normal" temperature extremes
td wind variations are defined as the average annual recorded
nuts for the past 10 years at any slide installation point in
e U.S.A., where such statistical information exists in "Statis-
;al Abstract of the United States, 1979," Section 6, Geog-
phy and Environment, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Depart -
ent of Commerce.
1.3 Materials selected for components and accessories used
and around slides should be such that all parts with ex-
rnal surfaces and edges that may come in contact with the
are assembled, arranged, and finished (deburred, polished,
:.) so that they will not constitute a cutting, pinching,
ncturing, or abrasion hazard in casual contact and intended
1.4 Materials used for structural support, operating corn -
nents, -and accessories in and around slides should not be
do to humans or harmful to the environment, and should
chemically compatible with the materials and environment
ttacted under intended use and reasonable abuse.
.5 The assembled structure, its components, and acces-
ies should be strong enough to prevent structural failure.
Structural Design
[he slide's structural design and materials should be in
xd with generally accepted good structural engineering
:tires and should provide a durable structure which will
ly sustain all weights and pressures (dead load, live load,
id, hydrostatic, and earth pressures) for the expected
7ating life of the structure. The flumes and pools should
•
2
be watertight, and . their surfaces should be inert, nontoxic,
smooth, and easy to clean. The flumes should be designed
or ventilated, or both, to prevent a possible hazardous con-
centration of toxic disinfectant fumes.
3.3 Dimensional Design
3.3.1 All curves, turns, and tunnels within the path of a slide
flume should be designed so that body impact with the walls
of the flume or ceiling of a tunnel does not present a hazard.
The slide flume should be banked to keep the slider's body
safely inside the flume or curve under all foreseeable circum-
stances.
3.3.2 All slopes within the path of the slide flume should
be designed so that the slider's speed does not exceed a level'
where a safe equilibrium of dynamic forces cannot be main-
tained on any curve or turn within that path, as specified by
3.3.1.
3.3.3 In sections of the elevated flumes where, contrary to
intended use, a slider may stop, there should be safety walls
or other provisions to keep the slider from falling out of the
flume.
3.3.4 The construction, the dimensions, and the mechanical
attachment of slide flume bed components should be such that
the surface of the slide flume is continuous and smooth for
the entire length.
3.3.5 Wall thickness of flumes should be designed so that the
continuous and combined action of hydrostatic, dynamic, and
static 'loads and normal environmental deterioration do not
cause structural failures which could result in injury or contin-
ually require patchwork, which would weaken the strength
of the original structure.
3.3.6 Flume exit sections should be designed to assure safe
entry speeds, angles, and stopping distances.
3.3.7 The distance between the side of a flume exit and a
splash pool side wall should be at least 5 feet. The distance
between sides of adjacent flume terminuses should be at
least 6 feet. The distance between a flume exit and'the oppo-
site side of the splash pool, exluding steps, should be at least
20 feet.
a. High -Speed Slides Special provisions should be made in
flume exit design, pool depth, and pool width, measured
from flume exit, to safely accommodate slides specifical-
ly designed with greater slopes or other special features
which allow an unusually rapid descent.
b. Multiple -Exit Slides Multiple -exit slides should have
parallel exits or be constructed so that their centerlines
do not intersect for a distance of at least 20 feet from
the exits of each flume. If slides with nonparallel exits
discharge bathers at a high speed, the centerlines should
not intersect for at least 30 feet.
3.3.8 ,Flumes should terminate either at a depth of at least 6
inches below the splash pool's operating water surface level or
no more than 2 inches above the. water surface, provided the
flume is level for a distance of at least 10 feet from its exit end.
CITY OF TUKWILA
OFFICE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
FINAL
DECLARATION OF NON - SIGNIFICANCE
Description of proposal
Proponent
Conditional Use Permit - Commercial Rec,(Amusement Ctr,
Family Recreation Inc.
Location of Proposal
17900 Southcenter Parkway
Lead Agency City of Tukwila File No. EPLC- 202 -83-
This proposal has been determined to (ma /not have) a significant,
adverse impact upon the environment. An EIS (i1is not) required
under RCW 43.21C.030(2)(c). This decision was made after review
by the lead agency of a completed environmental checklist and other
information on file with the lead agency.
Responsible Official
Position /Title
Brad Collins:
Planning Director
Date / ..Q 22, t'83
COMMENTS:
Signature E a...4
1) The proposed hydrotube project shall be subject to .B.A.R,, .review and
approval in. concert with conditional - use.permit review-; according to
procedures outlined in TMC 18.60.
Prior to issuance of construction permits, the applicants shall provide
a summary analysis of traffic signal phasing in the vicinity of the
Pavilion 2 Outlet Center which will analyze the effects- of increased
traffic generated by the proposed waterslide activity and which will
suggest modifications or improvements- as needed.
• •1:April 1983
THRESHOLD DETERMINATION
"Hydrotube at the Pavilion" - EPIC - 201 -83
INTRODUCTION
The proponents intend to develop an enclosed recreational waterslide as a
tenant - improvement within a vacant 9000 square foot space -.:-in the Pavilion
Outlet Center complex. The proposed action is the issuance of a conditional
use permit for a commercial recreation and amusement center facility as
provided in TMC 18.64.020(1 & 4). This proposed action has been determined
by the responsible official to be a major action within the definition of
WAC- 197 -10 -090.
ANALYSIS
The environmental checklist as submitted on 7 April 1983 was circulated to
the various development review agencies within the City of Tukwila with the
following responses returned:
A) Parks and Recreation - (Checklist Section II, Item 19)
- The proposed development of a privately- managed recreation facility
within the Pavilion complex will add to the community's range of
recreation opportunities in a healthy fashion. The Recreation
Department's remarks reflect agreement with the applicant's
description of the proposed project as an economically- accessible
facility which requires active participation by its patrons.
B) Police Department - (Checklist Section II, Item 14)
- The Police analysis indicates several potential areas of impact
which probably could be generalized to pertain to any number of
activity- oriented commercial uses. Adequacy of the existing trans-
portation infrastructure in the vicinity of the Pavilion Outlet
Center has been assessed on prior occasions and is recognized as
less than optimal in some instances.
--The Police agency has recommended that the traffic signal system in
the vicinity of the complex be analyzed to insure its adequacy rela-
tive to the predicted incremental increase in vehicle A.D.T.
generated by the project. They have also suggested that private
security forces present at the Pavilion remain on duty during "after
hours" hydrotube operation.
Building Division - (Checklist Section I, Item 9)
- The Building Division staff notes that pre- construction structural
analysis of the project's components will likely be needed.
D) Public Works Department - .:(Checklist Section II, Item 13)
- The Public Works staff notes that prior traffic improvement require-
ments for the Pavilion complex are yet outstanding and should be
completed before any increases in traffic circulation are brought
into the area by opening of the hydrotube.
Page -2-
THRESHOLD)DETERMIN iON
"Hydrotube at the Pavilion" - EPIC - 201 -83
E) Fire Department - (Checklist Section II, Item 14)
- No concerns were noted by the Fire Prevention Bureau; however, the
_method of.fire exiting from the tower portion of the project is not
clear.
F) Planning Division - .(Checklist Section II, Items 8 and 18)
- Land Use. The proposed recreation facility joins a growing number
of entertainment oriented uses which have recently opened on
Southcenter Parkway, although these entertainment facilities are
somewhat dispersed geographically, their common linkage by
automobile access suggests the possibility of cumulative impacts
associated with youth- oriented leisure establishments: Loitering,
truancy and wreckless driving. It is suggested that annual review
of the conditional use permit be provided to address such problems
should they become manifest following the hydrotube's opening.
- Aesthetics: The exposed portions of the waterslide project, due to
their color, shape and scale relative to the rectilinear morphology
of existing improvements in the area, represent a potential visual
impact both to the mobile observer from the streetscape and to the
stationary observer from neighboring sites or developable air - spaces.
However, since these impacts are difficult to quantify, the project
should be forwarded to the Board of Architectural Review in con-
junction with use permit action for resolution of community value
questions.
RECOMMENDATION
In accordance with.WAC 197 -10 -340, the lead agency has determined that the
information provided in the threshold determination process is sufficient to
find that the proposed action of legislative review of a conditional use
permit for the proposed project will not have a significant adverse impact on
the environment, with the following stipulations:
1) The proposed hydrotube project shall be subject to B.A.R. review and
approval in concert with conditional use permit review, according to
procedures outline in TMC 18.60.
2) Prior to issuance of construction permits, the applicants shall provide a
summary analysis of traffic - signal phasing in the vicinity of the Pavilion
Outlet Center which will analyze the effects of increased traffic generated
by the proposed waterslide activity and which will suggest modifications
or improvements as needed.
MC /blk
PERMIT NUMBER _ _ CONTROL NUMBER —
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'COMMENTS PREPARED BYkt;_yY
C,P,S, FORM 2
•
;\ City of Tukwila
;1909
6200 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila Washington 98188
Frank Todd, Mayor
MEMORANDUM
TO: Brad_ Collins,` Planning Director
FROM: Patrick J. Lowery, Chief of Police
DATE: 4/15/83
SUBJECT: HYDROTUBE
Element 13. The addition of 200/400 vehicles as outlined in the checklist attachment
will create more than a minor problem in the areas of traffic movement
and pedestrian safety. If, as anticipated, the hydrotube is family and/
or younger teenager oriented the present :. traffic .signalization in the
area will be inadequate. The additional parking of 200/400 vehicles on
top of the parking variances granted Chuck E. Cheese and the Southcenter
Theater will force some patrons of the hydrotube to park in outlying
areas, no sidewalks on west side of Southcenter Parkway, pedestrians
will be forced to use roadway, the resulting safety factor must be a
major concern.
Element 14. A. The checklist states no Fire Department impact. Has consideration
been given the increase of E.M.T. calls that can be attributed to the
project simply by the nature of the amusement device when viewed in
relation to the existing shops.
B. The response on the checklist attachment paints a picture of the
police presence being one of community relations type activity rather
than crime deterrent. While it is hoped this may be the major role of
the Police Department it must be recognized that in either situation the
overall activity generated by this project will require a greater allo-
cation of police presence than the present occupants of the Pavilion area.
This presence can only be supplied by reduction of police presence in
other areas of the City. The present allocation of police patrol time
disproportionately favors the Southcenter area. Placing another weight
on the scale will serve to further increase this disparity.
Element 17. A. Additional traffic generated by this activity will create increased
noise and air pollution levels. These may be particularly offensive to
the residents of the west hill specifically those residing along the
ridge line.
B. Should the tower and tubes be externally lighted, its impact on the
west hill homeowners may be aesthetically offensive.
• •
Brad Collins, Planning Director
Page 2.
Summary. The Police Department believes this maybe a unique operation with a great
deal of potential for wholesome family oriented amusement. Conferring
with the Portland, Oregon Police Department on their experience with a
similar operation at Eastport indicates no police problems. It is nec-
essary to wave some red flags:
1. Tukwila Police Department is not the Portland Police
Department with a large manpower pool and the ability
to shift emphasis without reducing service elsewhere.
2. The present business configuration of Southcenter
parking area - several fast food restaurants, the
theater, large parking field for meeting, wide flat
arterials and few traffic control devices' make for
an ideal cruising strip. The experiences of Renton,
Bellevue and Everett in this area, the devistating
impact a major cruising problem has on local businesses
and the ultimate cost to the jurisdiction, in increased
police operations, to control and eleminate the problem
spotlight this as a major area of concern. To date we
have not attracted this type of activity -the hydrotube,
the only activity of this type in the Seattle area, may
just be the needed catalyst.
3. The present traffic control devices- signal lights at
South 180th and Southcenter Parkway, unlighted cross-
walk on 180th Street and the signal further north in
front of Boeing will not provide adequate signalization
for the increased vehicle traffic and pedestrian safety.
With the proper signalization, employment of a private professional
security force, utilization of the planned on -site arcade and some
good working policies this could be a fun operation and a good business
stimulant.
Respectfully submitted,
Patrick J. Lowery
Chief of Police
cc: Mayor Gary VanDusen
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11. Population. Will the proposal alter the location,
distribution, density, or growth rate
of the human population of an area?
Explanation:
YES MAYBE NO
12. Housing. Will the proposal affect existing housing,
or create a demand for additional housing? X
Explanation:
13. Transportation /Circulation. Will the proposal result in:
(a) Generation of additional vehicular movement?
(b) Effects on existing parking facilities, or
demand for new parking?
(c) Impact upon existing transportation systems?
(d) Alterations to present patterns of circulation
or movement of people and /or goods?
(e) Alterations to waterborne, rail or air traffic? x
(f) Increase in traffic hazards to motor vehicles,
bicyclists or pedestrians? X
Explanation: See attached
x:
14. Public Services. Will the proposal have an effect upon,
or result in a need for new or altered
governmental services in any of the
following areas:
(a) Fire protection?
(b) Police protection?
(c) Schools?
(d) Parks or other recreational facilities?
(e) Maintenance of public facilities, including
. roads?
x
x
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CITY OF TUKWILA
ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST FORM
This questionnaire must be completed and submitted with the ap
permit. This questionnaire must be completed by all persons applying for a
permit from the City of Tukwila, unless it is determined by the Responsible
Official that the permit is exempt or unless the applicant and Responsible
Official previously agree an Environmental Impact Statement needs to be completed.
A fee of 550.00 must accompany the filling of the Environmental Questionnaire
to cover costs of the threshold determination.
I. BACKGROUND
1. Name of Proponent: FAMILY RECREATION INC.
2. Address and Phone Number of Proponent: 16636 SE 21st Place
Bellevue, WA 98008
747 -3825
3. Date Checklist Submitted:. .7 April 1983
4. Agency Requiring Checklist: City of Tukwila
5.. Name of Proposal, if applicable: HYDROTUBE at the PAVILION
6. Nature and Brief. Description of the Proposal (including but not limited
to its size, general design elements, and other factors that will dive
an accurate understanding of its scope and nature):
9600 s.f. Famil recre ti.n f
c'
lit
•I S• •
• • . . - 1
access from the Pavilion Shopping Mall.
7. Location of Proposal (describe the physical setting of the proposal, as
well as the extent of the land area affected by any environmental im-
pacts, including any other information needed to give an accurate under-
standing of the environmental setting of the proposal):
The Pavilion Outlet Center at 180th and Southcenter Parkway. The space is
in the Northwest corner of the buiLdind.
S. Estimated Date for Completion of the Proposal: July 1983
9. List of all Permits, Licenses or Government Approvals Required for the
Proposal (federal, state and local):
(a) Rezone, conditional use, shoreline permit, etc.
(b) King County Hydraulics Permit
• (c) Building permit
YES x NO
YES NO x
YES X NO
A,. ±i i 40 )11;31
•
•
•
(d) Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Permit
(e). Sewer hookup permit
(f) Sign permit
(g) Water hook up. permit
(h) Storm water system permit
(i) Curb cut permit
(j) Electrical permit (State of Washington)
(k) Plumbing permit (King County)
(1) Other:
YES ' NO X.
YES NO X
YES NO.
YES NO_A_
YES NO_&
YES NO x
YES X NO
YES x NO
10. Do you have any plans for future additions, expansion, or .futher activity
related to or connected with this proposal? If yes, explain:
None
11. Do you know of any plans by others which may affect the property covered by
your proposal? If yes, explain:
None
12. Attach any other application form that has been completed regarding the pro-
posal; if none has been completed, but is expected to be filed at some future
date, describe the nature of such application form:
Conditional Use permit application filed March 3, 1983. Granted March 24, 1983.
II. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
(Explanations of all "yes" and "maybe" answers are required)
1. Earth. Will the proposal result in:
,(a) Unstable earth conditions or in changes in geologic
substructures?
(b) Disruptions, displacements, compaction or overcover-
ing of the soil?
(c) Change in topography or ground surface relief fea-
tures?
(d) The destruction, covering or modification of any
unique geologic or physical features?
YES MAYBE NO
•
(e) Any increase in wind or water erosion of soils,
either on or off the site?
Changes in deposition or erosion of beach sands, or
changes in siltation, deposition or erosion which
may modify the channel of a river or stream or the
bed of the ocean or any bay,' "inlet or lake?
(f)
Explanation:
2. Air. Will the proposal result in:
(a) Air emissions or deterioration of ambient air
quality?
(b)' The creation of'objectionable odors?
(c) Alteration of air movement, moisture
or temperature, or any change in climate, either
locally or regionally?
Explanation:
YES MAYBE NO
x
x
x
3. Water. Will the proposal result in:
(a) Changes in currents, or the course or direction
of water movements, in either marine or fresh
waters? x
(b) Changes in absorption rates, drainage patterns,
Dr the rate and amount of surface water runoff? x
(c) Alterations to the course or flow of flood waters?
(d) Change in the .amount of surface water in any water
body? x
(e) Discharge into surface waters, or in any alteration
of surface water quality, including but not limited
to temperature, dissolved oxygen or turbidity?
(f) Alteration of the direction or rate of flow of
ground waters?
(g) Change in the quantity of ground waters, either
through direct additions or withdrawals, or through
interception of an aquifer by cuts or excavations?
•
(h) Deterioration in ground water quality, either
through direct injection, or through the seepage
of leachate, phosphates, detergents, waterborne
virus or bacteria, or other substances into the
ground waters?
Reduction in the amount of ►dater otherwise avail-
able for public water supplies?
Explanation:
YES MAYBE NO
4. Flora. Will the proposal result in:
(a) Change in the diversity of species, or numbers
of any species of flora (including trees, shrubs,
grass, crops, microflora.and aquatic plants)? x
(b) Reduction of the numbers of any unique, rare or .
endangered species of flora? x
(c) Introduction of new species of flora into an area,
or in a barrier to the normal replenishment of
existing species? x
(d) Reduction in acreage of any agricultural crop? x
Explanation:
5. Fauna. Will the proposal result in:
(a). Changes in the diversity of species, or numbers
of any species of fauna (birds, land animals
including reptiles, fish and shellfish, benthic
organisms, insects or microfauna)? x
(b) Reduction of the numbers of any unique, rare or
endangered species of fauna? x
(c) Introduction of new species of fauna into an
area, or result in a barrier to the migration
or movement of fauna? X
(d) Deterioration to existing fish or wildlife
habitat? x
Explanation:
A
. Noise.
Will the proposal increase existing noise
levels?
Explanation:
YES MAYBE NO
7. Light and Glare. Will the proposal produce new
light or glare? X
Explanation: See attached
8. Land Use. Will the proposal result in the altera-
tion of the present or planned land use
of an area?
Explanation: See attached
. Natural Resources. Will the proposal result in:
(a) Increase in the rate of use of any natural
resources?
(b) Depletion of any nonrenewable natural
resource?
Explanation: See attached
• 10. Risk of Upset. Does the proposal. involve a risk of an
explosion or the release of hazardous
substances (including, but not limited
to, oil, pesticides, chemicals or radi-
ation) in the event of an accident or
upset conditions?
Explanation:
x
11. Population. Will the proposal alter the location,
distribution, density, or growth rate
of the human population of an area?
Explanation:
12. Housing. Will the proposal affect existing housing,
or create a demand for additional housing?
Explanation:
13. Transportation /Circulation. Will the proposal result in:
(a) Generation of additional vehicular movement?
(b) Effects on existing parking facilities, or
demand for new parking?
(c) Impact upon existing transportation systems?
(d) Alterations to present patterns of circulation
or movement of people and /or goods?
(e) Alterations to waterborne, rail or air traffic?
(f) Increase in traffic hazards to motor vehicles,
bicyclists or pedestrians?
Explanation: See attached
14. Public Services. Will the proposal have an effect upon,
or result in a need for new or altered
governmental services in any of the
following areas:
(a) Fire protection?
(b) Police protection?
(c) Schools?
(d) Parks or other recreational facilities? x
(e) Maintenance of public facilities, including
roads? x
YES MAYBE NO
x
x
x
YES MAYBE NO
(f) Other governmental services? X
Explanation: See attached
15. Energy. Will the proposal result in:
(a) Use of substantial amounts of fuel or energy? x
(b) Demand upon existing sources of energy, or
require the development of new sources of
energy? _
Explanation: See attached - #9 Natural Resources
16. Utilities. Will the proposal result in a need for
new systems, or alterations to the
following utilities:
(a) Power or natural gas?
(b) Communications systems?
(c) Water?
(d) Sewer or septic tanks?
(e) Storm water drainage?
(f) Solid waste and disposal?
Explanation:
17. Human Health. Will the proposal result in the crea-
tion of any health hazard or potential
health hazard (excluding mental health)?
Explanation:
•
•18. Aesthetics. Will the proposal result in the obstruc-
tion of any scenic vista or view open to
the public, or will the proposal result
in the creation of an aesthetically of-
fensive site open to public view?
Explanation:
A
19. Recreation. Will the proposal result in an impact
upon the quality or quantity of exist-
ing recreational opportunities?
Explanation: See attached - #14 Public Services
20. Archeological /Histroical. Will the proposal result in
an alteration of a signifi-
cant archeological or his-
torical site, structure,
object or building?
Explanation:'
CERTIFICATION BY APPLICANT:
YES .MAYBE NO
x
I, the undersigned, state that to the best of my knowledge the above
information is true and complete. It is understood that the lead agency
may withdraw any declaration of non - significance that it might issue in
reliance upon this checklist should there be any willful misrepresentation
or willful lack of full disclosure on my part.
Signature and 1i itle
x
•
ATTACHMENT TO:
ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST FOR HYDROTUBE AT THE PAVILION.
7 April, 1983
7 LIGHT AND GLARE
The exterior of the facility will be lighted at night and
the tower and tube structure will be visible. The lighting
will be carefully designed to prevent glare and to present
the exciting nature of the recreation experience in the best
way possible. It is intended that the sculptural nature of
the tubes and tower be enhanced by the lighting used. The
luminaires will not be visible to people arriving or passing
by.
LAND USE
Theuse of a retail space for recreational purposes requires
Conditional Use Permit. This constitutes a controlled but
not unaticipated deviation from uses permitted outright by
the Zoning Code.
9. NATURAL RESOURCES'
The nature of the water slide requires the use of warm water
in substatial quantities. It is intended that natural gas
be used as the energy source. The energy use projected is
at seventy eight therms per day for all energy required to
heat and ventilate the facility.
Natural gas is the most plentiful of our nonrenewable energy
sources.
13. TRANSPORTATION /CIRCULATION
It is hoped that the Hydrotube will generate 200 to 400 add-
itional automobile visits to the Pavilion Outlet Center per
month. The exist ing parking space is sufficient to accom-
odate 200 additional automobiles per day.
One of the purposes of locating the facility at the Pavilion
is to generate increased customer traffic for all merchants
there.
14. PUBLIC SERVICES
Increased Police requirements are not anticipated, but the
nature of Police work will change. Instead of watching for
burglary and vandalism around little used buildings, the
police presence will assist the proprietors of the Hydro -
tube Recreation Center in maintaining a family atmosphere.
It is not in any way in the interest of the operators of
the Hydrotube to function in a way that is detrimental to
the community. Only complete cooperation with Police will
accomplish the ends of the proponents.
The Hydrotube represents a.unique recreation opertunity for
the community. It is a reasonably priced recreation activ-
ity which affords exercise and a thrilling ride in a well
supervised and healthy environment.
PAVILION
.HYDROTUBE LOCATION
vtHGENIEa P PR(� p,Y
SO
HYDROTUBE AT. THE PAVILION
SITE PLAN CAL_E. III- 100
N
SOUTH 180TH STREET
VAUGHAN 2
Keith Vaughan
Associates
Architects
3136 East Madison
Seattle. Washington 99112
1206) 324 -9355
SUBJECT
DATE
MESSAGE
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RETURN TO
REPLY
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POLY PAK (50 SETS) 4P42
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• SEND PARTS1 AND 3ETITH CARBON INTACT'- POLY PAK (50 SETS) 4R472-
PART 3 WILL BE RETURNED WITH 'REPLY.
NORTH ELEVATION
SCALE: 1/8n —
HYDROTUBE AT THE PAVILION
Keith Vaughan
Associates
Architects
3136 East Madison
Seattle, Washington 98112
(206) 324-9355
144k,
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WEST ELEVATION SCALE: 1 Le - 1'-13"
HYDROTUBE AT THE PAVILION
Keith Vaughan 3136•East Madison
Associates - Seattle, Washington 98112
Architects (206) 324-9355
ENTRY FROM PARKING
PLAN 7Dt —i° '-4 tth
HYDROTUBE at the PAVILION
1�\_ '(a I I
Keith Vaughan 3136 East Madison
Associates i Seattle. Washington 96112
ArChit.Cts 1206) 314.9355
Hydrotube at the Pavilion
VAUGHAN
.n Wesson
Associates Swat..wr.tato, Sims
CDNTROL i
TYPE OF ACTION.
CORRESPONDENCE LOG
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
MATERIALS SUBMITTED
FILE „ EPIC.- Z02.- g3
Alf" 03 -3 6OP
RECEIPT DATE RECEIVED
itteAr.0 = t 41:40 Gt/41JIGS
MATERIAL SUBMITTAL COMPLETE? YES NO
IF NO WHAT ELSE AS REQUIRED?
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS SUBMITTED .. .
DATE RECEIVED
CROSS REFERENCE FILES
ADENDA DATE: CITY. COUNCIL.
e. LANNING COMMt'SSION
BOARD OF ADJ.
CORRESPONDENCE LOG
DATE OF DATE
CORRESPONDENCE SENT OR RECEIVED
TO/FROM
REGARDING • ATTACHMENTS
4 - II- i 4-11- 85 14464XA SS ZOAAESATS
� - 245- kVFUC. /p NA FINAL v x .
ORAL 1NQUIRIES (PHONE & COUNTER)
DATE OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS STAFF
INQUIRY" PERSON REGARDING OR MATERIAL GIVEN PERSON
FINAL ACTION
CITY COUNCIL; DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED COMMENT
PLANNING COMMISSION: DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED COMMENT
BOARD OF ADJUSTMENT: DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED COMMENT
ORDINANCE NO. (IF APPLICABLE) OTHER