HomeMy WebLinkAboutCDN 2017-05-22 Item 2C - Update - Light Rail Noise and Vibration MonitoringCit of Tukwila
Allan Ekberg, Mayor
INFORMATIONAL MEMORANDUM
TO: Community Development and Neighborhoods Committee
FROM: Jack Pace, Community Development Director
BY: Minnie Dhaliwal, Planning Supervisor
CC: Mayor Ekberg
DATE: May 17, 2017
SUBJECT: Light Rail Noise and Vibration Monitoring
ISSUE
Update on the implementation of the Dispute Resolution Settlement Agreement between the
City and Sound Transit regarding noise.
BACKGROUND
Tukwila City Council approved the Unclassified Use Permit for the Link Light Rail and issued the
Notice of Decision on Sept 21, 2004 (Attachment A). This approval required three years of noise
and vibration monitoring and testing. Sound Transit conducted the first year testing in 2009 and
the measurements identified several locations with noise or vibrations levels above the Federal
Transit Administration's (FTA) criteria.
At that time Sound Transit implemented several interim mitigation measures to reduce noise
and vibration impacts within the Tukwila segment of the Central Link Light Rail corridor; and did
the second year compliance testing in 2010. In 2011, the Dispute Resolution Settlement
Agreement was entered between the City and Sound Transit (Attachment B). The Settlement
Agreement addressed noise and parking issues. This briefing is only regarding noise and a
separate briefing will be scheduled to provide update on parking. As part of the Settlement
Agreement Sound Transit agreed to install Type 1 noise wall near the Duwamish Neighborhood
and Type 2 noise barriers at other three impacted locations. Subsequently in 2012 the proposed
mitigation in four impacted areas was approved administratively (Attachment C). See
Attachment D for the map of impacted locations.
Third year testing for 2011 was postponed until the Type 1 sound wall by the Duwamish
Neighborhood was installed per the Settlement Agreement with the City. Results of the third
year measurements conducted in October 2013 following installation of the Type 1 wall
confirmed compliance with FTA noise and vibration criteria. Based on the third year testing
results, Sound Transit agreed to perform an additional fourth year noise and vibration
compliance test at three representative sites.
DISCUSSION
The fourth year monitoring report (Attachment D) has been peer reviewed by the City's noise
consultant, BRC Acoustics. The peer review report is included as Attachment E. The fourth year
report includes testing site V4 near 14424 51' Ave S. At this location noise and vibration
readings were taken approximately 15 feet east of the retaining wall (on the property owned by
Sound Transit); along with measurements inside and outside the residence to confirm
compliance. The City's peer review consultant BRC Acoustics confirmed Sound Transit's noise
and vibration tests and recommended one additional sound measurement inside the residence
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INFORMATIONAL MEMO
Page 2
located at 14424 51st Ave to ascertain that ground borne noise meets the FTA criteria. Sound
Transit has stated that the resident of the property has denied right -of -entry and this test cannot
be performed. Due to the property owner's refusal to grant permission to access the property,
Sound Transit has requested that the city accept the final report.
Additionally, Sound Transit has established a five -year replacement period for the three
locations that currently have Type 2 noise barriers. These Type 2 noise barriers were installed
in 2012 and are scheduled to be replaced this year. Sound Transit is required to obtain a noise
variance any time night time work is planned. Noise variances to do night time work are
processed administratively and include notification to the surrounding residential uses.
Sound Transit is required to continue to meet FTA noise and vibration standards including those
approved under the Unclassified Use Permit and Type 2 decision dated Jan 24, 2012
(Attachment C). Additionally, Sound Transit is also required to continue to maintain Type 2
barriers and lubricators in good working condition so that noise standards continue to be met for
the Tukwila segment of Link Light Rail. However, the requirements for monitoring and reporting
to the City as stipulated by the Settlement Agreement have been met.
FINANCIAL IMPACT
Not Applicable.
RECOMMENDATION
This item is for briefing only. Staff will send a written confirmation to Sound Transit that noise
monitoring requirements have been met.
ATTACHMENTS
A. Unclassified Use Permit Decision, 2004
B. Dispute Resolution Settlement Agreement, 2011
C. Administrative Decision approving the proposed noise mitigation measures, 2012.
D. Final fourth year noise and vibration monitoring report by Sound Transit, 2016
E. Peer review reports by the City's consultant BRC Acoustics, 2016
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City of Tukwila
Department of Communky Development
NOTICE OF DECISION
TO. Rod Kempkes, Applicant for Sound Transit
King County Assessor, Accounting Division
Washington State Department of Ecology
Agencies with Jurisdiction
Parties of Record
Attachment A
Steven M. Mullet, Mayor
Steve Lancaster, Director
September 21, 2004
This letter serves as a notice of decision and is issued pursuant to TMC 18.104.170 on the following project
and permit approval.
Project File Numbers:
Applicant:
Associated Files:
Comprehensive Plan
Designation /Zoning
District:
I. PROJECT INFORMATION
L03 -057 Unclassified Use Permit
L03 -058 Shoreline Height Variance
L03 -060 Design Review
Sound Transit Central Link Light Rail
L03 -049 Shoreline Substantial Development Permit
L03 -059 Special Permission — Parking Determination
The trackway will pass through LI, MIC/H, MIC/L, LDR, C/LI, 0, RCM, MDR,
and RC zoning. The South 150 Street Station and the north park -and -ride lot
are zoned RC.
Project Description
Sound Transit has filed land use applications for construction of the Tukwila Freeway Route Project (TFR
Project), the Tukwila portion of the Central Link Light Rail Project (see attached map). The TFR Project will
include 4.9 miles of trackway, 87% of which will be elevated, and 70% of which will be in Washington State
Department of Transportation right -of -way. A station is proposed at the southeast corner of the intersection
of Southcenter Boulevard and International Boulevard with a transit center, two park and ride lots (north and
south of Southcenter Boulevard), and street frontage improvements in both Tukwila and SeaTac. Along the
trackway five detention ponds, three traction power substations, street improvements and a bridge over the
Duwamish River directly west of the East Marginal Way South bridge will be built.
The TFR Project includes placing certain project facilities, such as the transit trackway columns, in
Tukwila right -of -way (portions of East Marginal Way S., 52nd Ave. S. and Southcenter Blvd.). To
mitigate the impacts of introducing these facilities into City right -of -way, the Sound Transit proposal
includes a number of safety features (curbs, sidewalks, lighting) as well as utility undergrounding and
Notice of Decision by the Tukwila City Council
6300 Southcenter Boulevard, Suite #100 • Tukwila, Washington 98188 • Phone: 206 - 431 -3670 • Fax: 206 -431 -3665
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stormwater control along these roadways. A new signalized street intersection will be built where the two
park- and -ride lot driveways intersect across Southcenter Blvd. (approximately 420 feet east of
International Blvd).
Additional Findings
In addition to the Tukwila Comprehensive Land Use Policy Plan goals, objectives and policies recited in
the Staff report, the following goals and policies are also relevant to this Unclassified Use Permit
proposal:
Residential Neighborhoods Goals and Policies
Goal 7.2 Noise Abatement — Residential neighborhoods protected from undue noise impacts, in order to
ensure for all residents the continued use, enjoyment and value of their homes, public facilities and
recreation, and the outdoors.
Prevent community and environmental degradation by limiting noise levels.
Discourage noise levels which are incompatible with current or planned land uses, and discourage
the introduction of new land uses into areas where existing noise levels are incompatible with
such land uses.
Discourage noise levels incompatible with residential neighborhoods.
The "Final Design Noise Analysis" (Staff Report Attachment G15) prepared by Michael Minor and
Associates (July 2004) and submitted by Sound Transit provides projected future noise and vibration
levels using 90 percent design drawings. The impact analysis and proposed mitigation included in this
analysis relate to existing development, and indicates, "New development and redevelopment along the
alignment are not mitigated by the project" (page 1).
The "Final Design Noise Analysis" proposes two alternative means of mitigating identified noise impacts:
noise barriers and residential sound insulation. Testimony provided by Sound Transit at the public
hearing indicated their assessment of costs and benefits was a significant factor in determining which
alternative mitigation strategy to propose.
The "Final Design Noise Analysis" identifies 25 buildings that will be impacted by light rail noise.
Proposed mitigation for 16 of these is through construction of noise barriers. Proposed mitigation for the
remaining 9 structures is through a "residential sound insulation program" (RSIP). Two of these 9
residential structures lie within areas zoned for heavy industrial use, while the remaining 7 lie within
areas zoned for low- density residential use. The "Final Design Noise Analysis" refers to these 7
structures as receivers R8, R9A, R9B, R10, R11, R12 and R13.
The proposed residential noise insulation program will not mitigate light rail noise impacts received in
affected residential yards, nor will it mitigate impacts upon planned residential development.
The Final Design Noise Analysis documents that in addition to the noise impacts the TFR project will
create vibration impacts on 4 residential properties. The predicted noise and vibration levels at the
specified receivers are based on field measurements of similar light rail vehicles in use in the Portland
Tri -Met system. However local soil conditions as well as maintenance practices can affect the actual
noise and vibration levels of the TFR project in operation. A monitoring program would provide
Notice of Decision by the Tukwila City Council
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assurance that Sound Transit's obligation to mitigate noise and vibration impacts on Tukwila residents
has been met. Monitoring over a 3 -year period would document conditions through the first rail
maintenance cycle.
Unless they are properly screened detention ponds can have a significant negative visual impact on their
surrounding areas. This is of most concern in residential areas where lots and buildings tend to be smaller
and there are higher expectations of visual quality than in industrial areas. Staff report Attachment G. 12
shows the locations of the 5 detention ponds Sound Transit has proposed in Tukwila.
• Ponds 1 and 2 are located in industrial zones and set back from public streets.
• Pond 3 between Macadam Road and I -5, north of 140, is zoned LDR and is set back 25 feet
from the edge of pavement on Macadam. A combination of existing trees and new understory
shrubs is planned for screening. Sound Transit has proposed 1 gallon size trees at 15' spacing
and 1 gallon shrubs at 5' spacing. While the visual impact of the detention pond will be
immediate, it will take several years for that size plantings at that spacing to provide significant
screening. Larger trees and shrubs would provide quicker, more complete screening from the
road and nearby residences.
• Pond 4 at 146th Street and I -5 is zoned Office, is 80 feet from the nearest residence and
surrounded by a wetland on two sides.
• Pond 5 at 151" Street and 52nd Avenue is zoned Office and is set back 45 feet from the 151'
Street R -O -W. No existing trees will be retained in this setback area, instead Douglas fir and
Western Hemlocks with associated understory plantings are proposed for screening. The pond
will have some visibility from the streets and the second story of the residence directly to the
south until these plantings grow significantly. Larger trees and shrubs would provide quicker,
more complete screening at this location as well.
Sound Transit is in the process of developing a system -wide Systems Security Plan (SSP) through a Security
Task Force that includes representatives from the Tukwila Police Department. The final SSP will require the
concurrence of the Tukwila Police Chief. Initial procedures and staffing levels will be based on a Threat and
Vulnerability Study. Day to day security on the Link Light Rail line and at the 1541 Street Station will be
provided by a private company under contract to Sound Transit. Sound Transit will also contract with Metro
to provide Police services so that Metro should provide the first response to calls for service at the Station.
Long term security of the light rail system will require periodic evaluation of security levels by all parties and
adjustment of the SSP to address changing conditions.
IL DECISION
SEPA Determination
The Sound Transit SEPA responsible official has previously determined that the project creates a
probable significant environmental impact and required preparation of an Environmental Impact
Statement. Sound Transit has submitted copies of the Central Link Light Rail Transit Project Final
Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), the Tukwila Freeway Route Final Supplemental Environmental
Impact Statement (FSEIS) and Addendum, and the Initial Segment Environmental Assessment (hereafter
called "Environmental Documents ").
The City's SEPA responsible official has determined that the Environmental Documents are fully
adequate and in compliance with SEPA and that, in accordance with WAC 197 -11 -600, they may be used
unchanged for the City's decisions on the Unclassified Use Permit, Shoreline Variance, Design Review,
and all other permits and approvals required by the City for Sound Transit's Link Light Rail TFR Project,
as proposed by Sound Transit.
Notice of Decision by the Tukwila City Council
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Decision on Substantive Permits
The City Council has determined, following an open record hearing, that the applications for an Unclassified
Use Permit, Shoreline Height Variance and Design Review approval comply with applicable City and state
code requirements and has approved those applications and proposed code modifications, subject to the
following conditions, based on the findings and conclusions contained in the staff report (and expressly
incorporated by reference into this notice) and this Notice of Decision.
Specific Zoning Code modifications approved pursuant to TMC 18.66.030:
1. The TFR Project shall not be subject to Zoning Code setbacks or height limitations. These
regulations were drafted to regulate typical commercial and residential development and were not
intended to apply to transportation improvements such as light rail or freeways.
2. Parcels which cannot comply with Zoning Code landscape standards due to the TFR Project
vegetation clear zone requirements shall not be considered non - conforming to landscape standards.
3. Perimeter landscape requirements at the station and north parking lot sites may be modified in order
to maximize the efficiency of the sites as long as the total required square footage of landscaping is
provided.
L03 -057 Unclassified Use Permit Conditions:
1. Within four months of groundbreaking at the South 154th Street Station site, Sound Transit shall
construct either a temporary or permanent noise wall along the eastern edge of the lot.
2. If Sound Transit chooses to use the north parking lot as a temporary construction staging area,
Sound Transit shall construct a temporary noise wall along the northern and eastern edges of the lot
as approved by the City.
3. Prior to issuance of the building permit for the South 154th Street Station or north parking lot,
Sound Transit shall demonstrate that the lighting plan will meet Illuminating Engineering Society
of North America (IESNA) guidelines as approved by the City.
4. Sound Transit has proposed to retain areas of existing landscaping to provide screening of detention
ponds and buffering of residences as shown on Attachment C. In the event that these existing trees
and plants do not survive the construction of the TFR project, Sound Transit shall replace them
according to the schedule at TMC 18.54.130(3) prior to issuance of an occupancy permit for the
South 154th Street Station.
5. The size of the landscape screening materials that Sound Transit has proposed to plant along the
west and north sides of detention pond 3 and between detention pond 5 and 151' Avenue South
shall be increased. At least half of the shrubs shall be increased from 1 to 3 gallon containers and at
least half of the trees shall be increased from 1 to 5 gallon containers.
6. Sound Transit shall design and construct noise walls on the elevated trackway to mitigate light rail
noise impacts on residentially zoned property where projected noise levels exceed the FTA noise
criteria as identified in the Final Design Noise Analysis dated July 2004. At receiver 8 the
currently planned wall shall be extended and a continuous noise wall shall be constructed between
receivers 9 A, 9 B, 10, 11, 12, and 13 as identified in Appendix E of the noise report.
Notice of Decision by the Tukwila City Council
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7. Sound Transit shall develop a 3 -year noise and vibration monitoring program for the TFR Project to
be approved by the City. The 3 -year period shall start from the start of revenue service. Monitoring
shall be conducted at representative locations where impacts and mitigation have been identified in
the Final Design Noise Analysis dated July 2004. If measured levels show that noise or vibration
attributable to the TFR project exceed FTA criteria as identified in the Final Design Noise Analysis
Sound Transit shall provide appropriate reasonable mitigation acceptable to the City.
8. The Systems Security Plan (SSP) referenced in the August 11, 2004 concurrence letter (staff report
Attachment G. 5) shall be subject to the approval of the Tukwila Police Chief and include a
requirement for all parties to the Plan to periodically evaluate the security at the Station and along the
trackway. If a security problem is found the SSP shall include a process for Sound Transit to remedy
the problem with the concurrence of the Tukwila Police Chief.
L03 -058 Shoreline Variance
Staff recommends approval of a shoreline height variance to allow an increase in height from 35 feet to
50 feet above the ordinary high water mark for the TFR bridge over the Duwamish River.
L03 -060 Design Review
Staff recommends approval of the station building, landscape design, site layout, and furnishings as
reflected in the attachments to this report. The South 154th Street Station signage is not covered by this
permit and will require separate applications and approvals. Three minor modifications are anticipated to
the Station site:
- A slight realignment of the driveway;
Addition of a City Light substation at the northeast corner, and
- Changes to the lighting plan to meet IENSA standards.
These and other minor changes should be subject to administrative approval by the appropriate Tukwila
department director.
The Decision on this Application is a Type 5 decision pursuant to Tukwila Municipal Code § 18.104.010.
Other land use applications related to this project may still be pending.
III. YOUR APPEAL RIGHTS
No administrative appeal of the City Council Decision is permitted.
Any party wishing to challenge the City Council Decision must file an appeal in King County Superior Court
pursuant to the procedures and time limitations set forth in RCW 36.70C. An appeal challenging an EIS
may be included in such an appeal. If no appeal of the City Council decision is properly filed in Superior
Court within such time limit, the Decision on this permit will be final.
IV. INSPECTION OF INFORMATION ON THE APPLICATION
Project materials including the application, any staff reports, and other studies related to the permits are
available for inspection at the Tukwila Department of Community Development, 6300 Southcenter Blvd.,
Suite 100, Tukwila, Washington 98188 from Monday through Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. The
project planner is Nora Gierloff, who may be contacted at 206 -433 -7141 for further information.
Notice of Decision by the Tukwila City Council
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Property owners affected by this decision may request a change in valuation for their property tax purposes.
Contact the King County Assessor's Office for further information regarding property tax valuation changes.
Mayor Steven Mullet
City of Tukwila
Parties of Record
Keith Neal
Gordon Allen
Greg & Vanessa Zaputil
Eric Schweiger
Michael P. Griffin
Chris Arkills/Dwight Pe1zKC Council
F. Wayne Stollatz
Tuong van Tran
Scott Luke
Pauline Tamblyn SPEEA
Mark Maio
Stephenie Kramer OCD Office of Archaeology
Melvin Easter Johnson Braund Design Group
Jennifer Mackay SPEEA
John Niles CETA technical director
LeAnne Bremer Miller Nash LLP
Roger Lorenzen
Norma Larson
Craig Ward City of SeaTac
Jack Lattemann King County METRO
Tony Carosino
Anna Bernhardt
Peter Coates
Hal Cooper
Mary Loiselle
Notice of Decision by the Tukwila City Council
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Agencies with Jurisdiction
Washington State Department of Transportation
Seattle City Light
Federal Transit Administration, Region 10
Puget Sound Regional Council
US Army Corps of Engineers
Washington State Dept. of Fish and Wildlife
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Attachment B
11 -104
Council Approval N/A
Dispute Resolution Settlement Agreement Regarding Noise and Parking
Between
City of Tukwila, Washington
And
Sound Transit
(Reference City Contract Number 04 -086)
The purpose of this Dispute Resolution Settlement Agreement is to confirm the
agreement between Sound Transit and City of Tukwila regarding the issues discussed
during the dispute resolution process initiated on November 9, 2010. Since the opening
of the light rail system in July 2009, issues have arisen between the City and Sound
Transit regarding noise and parking at the Tukwila International Boulevard Light Rail
Station (Tukwila Station).
Over the past few months, Sound Transit and the City have met in a good -faith
effort to resolve these disputes, as provided for in the Development and Transitway
Agreement executed between our two agencies in December 2004. We have reached a
mutually satisfactory resolution of the issues and both agencies remain committed to
working together in a collaborative manner to see that the commitments included in this
letter are completed in a timely and efficient manner.
To this end, the City and Sound Transit have agreed to settle the disputes as
follows, subject to necessary approvals:
Link Light Rail Noise Mitigation
A dispute arose following initial noise level readings in the First Year Noise and
Vibration Testing Results prepared by Michael Minor and Associates (dated December 9,
2009), which exceeded the FTA noise criteria in certain places along the Link Light Rail
route in Tukwila.
The resolution to this dispute is as follows:
1. Sound Transit is currently in compliance with the FTA noise criteria, and will
continue to comply with the FTA noise criteria throughout the City.
2. Sound Transit will install approximately 2700 feet of Type I noise barrier in the
vicinity of the Duwamish River neighborhood area, replacing the existing Type 11
noise barrier. The existing Type 2 barriers in three other locations will remain.
3. Sound Transit will mitigate and maintain noise levels at all other locations along
the alignment with measures that may include continued use of Type 2 noise
barriers, rail grinding, track lubricators, residential sound insulation, or other
measures as determined by Sound Transit to be necessary and effective.
4. Sound Transit will prepare a supplement to the 2010 noise report required under
the Unclassified Use Permit addressing the proposed mitigation; a schedule for
installing the Type 1 barriers, reasoning for proposing Type 1 barriers as
mitigation in the Duwamish River neighborhood area; durability of Type 2 noise
1
of &Yy, (5 .-
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barriers; maintenance and/or replacement requirements for the Type 2 noise
barriers; and commitment and schedule for monitoring. The supplement to the
noise report will be submitted to the City within 30 days of the effective date of
this Agreement.
5. The goal of the Parties is to maintain and monitor noise mitigation as necessary,
and to sunset the monitoring requirement within two years following completion
and submission of the 2011 Wheel -Rail Noise Study to the City, as contemplated
by the original UUP noise condition, unless the Parties mutually agree to an
extension. In 2011, the City will perform a review of the 2010 noise report and
supplement including field measurements of noise and vibration. Sound Transit
will not submit a 2011 noise and vibration report but will submit a 2012 report
following installation of the Type 1 barrier, and will submit a 2013 final report.
Sound Transit will develop and implement a long -term noise maintenance and
monitoring program based on recommendations in the 2011 Wheel -Rail Noise
Study, authorized by the Sound Transit Board on March 10, 2011. Sound Transit
will share the monitoring results with the City at various intervals, as
recommended in the study.
6. The City will review the supplement to the 2010 noise report, for compliance with
the original UUP noise condition. Any permit applications and nighttime noise
variance application required for installation of the Type 1 noise mitigation will
be reviewed administratively and concurrently. A public works permit (long term
type D) will be required for installation of the Type 1 barriers, but a building
permit is not required. There will be a public informational meeting and comment
period for the above - mentioned actions and the City will issue its decisions in a
timely manner. The City's decisions may be appealed to the City Hearing
Examiner.
Tukwila International Boulevard Light Rail Station Parking
A dispute arose regarding the need for additional parking at the Tukwila Station,
consistent with the City's 2004 Parking Determination.
The resolution to this dispute is as follows:
1. Conditions have changed since the 2004 Parking Determination was issued by the
City. Sound Transit's long -term strategy is to extend light rail to South 200th
Street on an accelerated schedule, subject to Sound Transit Board approval
anticipated in July 2011, where 600 to 1050 additional parking stalls are currently
planned. It is anticipated that the South 2001 and University Link projects will be
completed in 2016 when passenger service will commence. It is further
anticipated that the addition of parking spaces south of the Tukwila Station, will
provide an attractive alternative for some of the current users of Tukwila Station
parking.
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2. Sound Transit shall provide the Airport Link Extension Parking Demand Study to
the City within 30 days of the effective date of this Agreement.
3. Sound Transit shall continue to monitor on -site and off -site Link Light Rail
related parking utilization, and implement measures to help mitigate significant
hide & ride parking should it occur as required by the 2004 Parking
Determination.
4. Following a twelve month period of operation of the South 200th and University
Link projects (2017), during which service levels and ridership are expected to
normalize, Sound Transit will prepare and submit to the City a parking study for
the Tukwila Station based on a mutually agreed upon scope of work. No other
parking studies will be required until this time except the scope of work shall be
submitted as part of the Parking Determination amendment request referenced in
paragraph 6 below.
5. The City shall defer the requirements of the July 1, 2004 Parking Determination,
including the requirement to provide additional parking at the Tukwila Station,
until December 31, 2017, provided Sound Transit makes measurable progress to
accelerate the extension to South 200t. The measurable progress shall include
obtaining Sound Transit Board approval; obtaining all required permits from the
City of SeaTac; and awarding the contract for construction so that additional
parking is constructed prior to University Link opening.
6. Sound Transit and the City will work together in good faith to identify potential
revisions to the 2004 Parking Determination consistent with this Agreement and
Sound Transit will request amendments to the 2004 Parking Determination,
together with all supportive documents before December 31, 2012. This will be
processed as a Type II Decision pursuant to the City's Land Use Code.
The parties have executed this Agreement as of the last date indicated below. This
Agreement shall become effective subject to approval by the Sound Transit Board.
SOUND TRANSIT CITY OF TUKWILA
711
Joyan arl, CEO
Date: yL, 2011
3
By , D"'
Steve Lancaster, City Administrator
Date: July J R, 2011
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City of Tukwila
Attachment C
Jim Haggerton, Mayor
Department of Community Development
NOTICE OF DECISION
January 24, 2012
TO: Jim Edwards, Sound Transit
King County Assessor, Accounting Division
Washington State Department of Ecology
Agencies with Jurisdiction
All Parties of Record
Jack Pace, Director
This letter serves as a notice of decision and is issued pursuant to TMC 18.104.170 on the following project and permit
approval.
Project File Number:
Applicant:
Project Description:
Location:
I. PROJECT INFORMATION
L03 -057
Sound Transit
Sound Transit has requested the Director of Community Development approve the proposed
noise mitigation in four impacted areas. Sound Transit is proposing to install Type 1 noise
barriers for 2700 linear feet along the Duwamish neighborhood and the other three areas will
continue to have Type 2 noise barriers. The request also includes a commitment to maintain
noise levels below federal limits in all areas. The condition of approval of the Unclassified
Use Permit requires Sound Transit to provide appropriate reasonable mitigation acceptable to
the City for any additional noise impacts that were not anticipated during the original design
of the system.
Light Rail alignment in Tukwila
Comprehensive Plan
Designation/Zoning District The area of work is the Light Rail alignment. Various zoning districts adjoin the
entire alignment.
II. DECISION
SEPA Determination: Sound Transit was the SEPA lead agency for the project and the Sound Transit SEPA
Responsible Official has previously determined that the project creates a probable significant environmental impact and
required preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) on the project.
Decision on Substantive Permit: The City Community Development Director has determined that the application for
approving the proposed noise mitigation does comply with applicable City and State code requirements and has
approved the proposed mitigation, subject to the following conditions:
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1. Sound Transit shall perform bi- weekly inspection of Type 2 acoustic barriers with particular attention to the
material near the grommets as required within Attachment 5 Central Link Maintenance Matrix (Basic
Track Patrol) included in the September 6, 2011, letter from Ahmad Fazel to Jack Pace. Sound Transit has
stated that the performance life of the proposed Type 2 acoustic barriers is five to ten years. A replacement
schedule of 5 -10 years (or earlier if damaged) shall be established, unless Sound Transit can demonstrate
that panels are still effective after that period and the noise levels continue to be below FTA levels. Sound
Transit shall repair and replace the Type 2 barriers before the performance is impacted to ensure that FTA
noise levels are not exceeded. Any damaged panels shall be replaced expeditiously. At this time some
cuts /cracks in the material and some missing zip ties have been observed near receiver N3, where
Acoustiblok is installed outside the chain -link fence. This damaged material shall be repaired or replaced
within 30 days of the date of this decision.
2. Sound Transit is responsible for making repairs and maintaining the system. Sound Transit shall address
any light rail noise complaints expeditiously. Sound Transit shall replace the existing lubricators with a
more reliable system in the first quarter of 2012. Additionally, Sound Transit shall maintain all measures
required to mitigate wheel squeal and repair and replace mitigation, as necessary.
3. Sound Transit shall develop and implement long -term noise maintenance and monitoring program based on
recommendations of the 2011 Wheel -Rail Noise Study, authorized by the Sound Transit Board on March
10, 2011. Sound Transit shall submit a copy of the Wheel -Rail Noise Study to the City and shall share
wheel/rail monitoring results at various intervals recommended by the study.
4. Sound Transit shall comply with the FTA noise criteria throughout the City at all times.
5. Sound Transit shall follow an overall track and vehicle maintenance plan including preventive maintenance
for vehicles, wheels, track and wheel squeal mitigation as detailed in the the Central Link Maintenance
Matrix (Attachement 5 of the letter from Ahmad Fazel to Jack Pace dated September 6, 2011).
6. Construction of the Type 1 noise barrier is expected to start in January 2012 with substantial completion
expected in October 2012 and final completion in January 2013. Within 60 days of completion of
construction, Sound Transit shall submit a noise and vibration report, followed by a final noise and
vibration report one year later.
7. The concerns raised regarding vibration testing in the peer review comments shall be addressed in noise
and vibration reports referenced in 6 above.
III. YOUR APPEAL RIGHTS
The Decision on this Permit Application is a Type 1 decision pursuant to Tukwila Municipal Code § 18.104.010.
Other land use applications related to this project may still be pending.
No administrative appeal of a DNS or an EIS is permitted. One administrative appeal to the City Hearing Examiner of
the Decision on the Permit itself is permitted.
A party who is not satisfied with the outcome of the Hearing Examiner appeal process may file an appeal in King
County Superior Court from the Hearing Examiner's decision.
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IV. PROCEDURES AND TIME FOR APPEALING
In order to appeal the Community Development Director decision on the Permit Application, a written notice of
appeal must be filed with the Department of Community Development within 14 days of the issuance of this
Decision, which is by February 7, 2012.
The requirements for such appeals are set forth in Tukwila Municipal Code Ch. 18.116. All appeal materials shall
be submitted to the Department of Community Development. Appeal materials MUST include:
1. The name of the appealing party.
2. The address and phone number of the appealing party; and if the appealing party is a corporation, association
or other group, the address and phone number of a contact person authorized to receive notices on the
appealing party's behalf.
3. A statement identifying the decision being appealed and the alleged errors in the decision.
4. The Notice of Appeal shall identify (a) the specific errors of fact or errors in application of the law in the
decision being appealed; (b) the harm suffered or anticipated by the appellant, and (c) the relief sought. The
scope of an appeal shall be limited to matters or issues raised in the Notice of Appeal.
5. Appeal fee per the current fee schedule, additional hourly charges may apply. In addition all hearing examiner
costs will be passed through to the appellant.
V. APPEAL HEARINGS PROCESS
Any administrative appeal regarding the Permit shall be conducted as a closed record hearing before the Hearing
Examiner based on the information presented to the Community Development Director, who made the original
decision. No new evidence or testimony will be permitted during the appeal hearing. Parties will be allowed to
present oral argument based on the information presented to the Community Development Director before their
decision was issued. The Hearing Examiner' s decision on the appeal is the City' s final decision.
Any party wishing to challenge the Hearing Examiner's decision on this application must file an appeal pursuant to
the procedures and time limitations set forth in RCW Ch. 36.70C. An appeal challenging a DNS, an MDNS or an
EIS may be included in such an appeal. If no appeal of the Hearing Examiner's decision is properly filed in
Superior Court within such time limit, the Decision on this permit will be final.
VI. INSPECTION OF INFORMATION ON THE APPLICATION
Project materials including the application, any staff reports, and other studies related to the permits are available for
inspection at the Tukwila Department of Community Development, 6300 Southcenter Blvd., Suite 100, Tukwila,
Washington 98188 from Monday through Friday between 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. The project planner is Minnie
Dhaliwal, who may be contacted at 206 -431 -3685 for further information.
Property owners affected by this decision may request a change in valuation for their property tax purposes. Contact the
King County Assessor's Office for further information regarding property tax valuation changes.
Dep . i i en of Community 1evelopment
City o Tukwila
MD Page 3 of 3 01 -13 -2012
W:\L.ong Range Projects\S oundTransit \I.INK\Noise\Attachments to the noise mitigation approval decision\NOD -noise
mitigation.docx
33
34
SOUNDTRANSIT
November 21, 2016
Ms. Minnie Dhaliwal, Planning Supervisor
City of Tukwila Department of Community Development
6300 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98188
Attachment D
eCeived
Communfty
Development
Re: Final Noise and Vibration Testing Report for Sound Transit's Link Light Rail Tukwila
Segment
Dear Ms. Dhaliwal:
Please find attached the final Fourth Year Noise and Vibration Testing Results report
from Michael Minor & Associates. The final report responds to comments from the City's
peer review consultant (BRC), including:
• Letter Re: Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment Measurements of
Vibration Levels. June 17, 2016
• Letter Re: Technical Review V Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment:
Year 2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report. January 8, 2016
The Fourth Year Report and the trend from previous years shows that the mitigation
measures implemented by Sound Transit have reduced the noise and vibration from light
rail operations to levels well below the FTA impact threshold. Although the City peer
review testing of vibration at site V4 observed noticeable ground -borne noise levels
inside the residence, the resident denied Sound Transit right -of -entry and a compliance
test for ground -borne noise cannot be conducted. Since all measured noise and
vibration levels are below FTA criteria, this report provides the final noise and vibration
compliance testing required to meet City of Tukwila permit conditions.
Please provide written confirmation that the projects' noise and vibration testing and
mitigation requirements from its Unclassified Use Permit are complete. If you have any
questions please call me at (206) 398 -5140.
James Irish
Deputy Director,
Office of Environmental Affairs and Sustainability
cc: Jack Pace, City of Tukwila, DCD Director
Enclosure
Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority • Union Station
401 S. Jackson St., Seattle, WA 98104 -2826 • Reception: (206) 398 -5000 • FAX: (206) 398 -5499
www.soundtransit.org
CHAIR
Dow Constantine
King Count) Executive
VICE CHAIRS
Paul Roberts
Everett Councilntcntbe,
Marilyn Strickland
Tacoma Ala }-or
BOARD MEMBERS
Nancy Backus
Auburn Mayor
Claudia Balducci
/ping Count) Councilmembe,
Fred Butler
L,-saqualt illara
Dave Earling
Edmonds Alayor
Dave Enslow
Sumner Mat or
Rob Johnson
Seattle Councilntember
John Marchione
Redmond Mayor
Pat McCarthy
Pwrce Count Executive
Joe McDermott
King County Council Chair
Roger Millar
Washington State Secretary
of Transportation
Mary Moss
Lakewood Cooncilmember
Ed Murray
Seattle Mayor
Dave Somers
Snohomish County Executive
Dave Upthegrove
King County Councilmember
Peter von Reichbauer
King County Councibnember
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Peter M. Rogoff
35
Prepared for:
Prepared by:
Date:
Subject:
Project:
Page 1 of 18
Michael Minor & Associates
Sound . Vibration . Air
4923 SE 36th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97202
503.220 0495 — fax 866.847.0495
James Irish, Sound Transit
Michael A. Minor
November 17, 2016
Fourth Year Noise and Vibration Testing Results
Tukwila Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing
Introduction
This memorandum summarizes the results of the fourth noise and vibration compliance
testing along Sound Transit's Tukwila light rail alignment, as required by the approved Noise
and Vibration Compliance Testing Program Link Light Rail: Tukwila Segment, July 2, 2009
(Compliance Program, 2009). This fourth round of testing confirmed that all sites remain
well below the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) noise and vibration criteria.
Background
The City of Tukwila issued a "Notice of Decision" on September 21, 2004, which included
3 -years of noise and vibration testing as part of the light rail project's Unclassified Use
Permit (UUP). Sound Transit conducted first year compliance noise and vibration monitoring
in 2009 (First Year Noise and Vibration Testing Results, Revised December 9, 2009). The
2009 measurements identified several locations with noise or vibration levels above the FTA
criteria.
Based on the 2009 results, Sound Transit implemented a number of mitigation measures to
eliminate noise and vibration impacts within the Tukwila segment of the Central Link light
rail corridor. Second year compliance testing in 2010 found that mitigation implemented by
Sound Transit had reduced noise and vibration levels below the FTA criteria. Third year
testing for 2011 was postponed until a Type 1 sound wall by the Duwamish Point
Neighborhood was installed as agreed with the City. Results of the third year measurements,
conducted in October 2013 following installation of the Type 1 wall, confirmed that all
locations along the Tukwila light rail corridor were below the FTA noise and vibration
criteria.
Table 1 provides a summary of the noise and vibration monitoring sites used in the previous
three compliance measurements, including addresses, general information, and testing status
for this report. Figure 1 provides an overview of the project area, existing sound walls
constructed as part of the project, general locations identified with noise or vibration impacts
in the First Year Testing Results (2009), locations of the wayside lubricators and new Type 1
(acoustical) barriers and Type 2 sound barriers. Also identified is a segment of track that was
repaired to remedy a vibration impact at site V4.
Final Fourth Year Report
36
Table 1. Noise and Vibration Monitoring Site Summary
Page 2 of 18
iiiiiiiiimmi
N1
11534 E Marginal Way
goes -
Recommendations
New Type 1 wall 2013. Noise
levels below criteria.
Final 2015 compliance test
at N1 the closest site in this
area. Completed.
Final 2015 compliance test
at N1 as site N1A further
away. Completed.
Final 2015 compliance test
at Ni as site Ni B further
away. Completed.
Final 2015 compliance test
at N1 as site N1C further
away. Completed.
N1A
Interurban Place
South near 40th
Avenue South
New Type 1 wall 2013. Noise
levels below criteria.
New Type 1 wall 2013. Noise
levels below criteria.
Ni B
S 119th Street at 40th
Avenue South
N1C
Interurban PI South
(near 11918
Interurban Place S)
New Type 1 wall 2013. Noise
levels below criteria.
V1
12621 42nd Avenue S
Vibration levels below criteria for
3 years of testing, residences in
this area are not occupied
Type 1 wall, noise levels below
criteria for 3 years of testing
Testing complete
Testing complete
N2
4066 S 128th Street
N3
13404 48th Avenue S
Type 2 barrier. Noise levels
below criteria, residence
removed.
Testing complete
V2
13404 48th Avenue S
Vibration levels below criteria for
3 years of testing
Testing complete
N4
4834 S 136th Street
Type 1 wall. Noise levels below
criteria for 3 years of testing
Testing complete
V3
4834 S 136th Street
Vibration levels below criteria for
3 years of testing
Type 1 wall. Noise levels below
criteria for 3 years of testing.
Type 1 wall. Noise levels below
criteria for 3 years of testing.
Testing complete
Testing complete
Testing complete
N5
4822 S 138th Street
N6
King County Parcel
#1523049072
V4
14424 51st Avenue S
Repaired defective track in 2013
Final 2015 compliance test.
Completed.
N6A
14914 51st Avenue S
Type 2 barrier. Noise levels
below criteria, residence
unoccupied.
Type 2 barrier. Noise levels
be ow criteria
Testing complete
Final 2015 compliance test
at N8 as site N7 is farther
away. Completed.
N7
15171 52nd Avenue S
N8
5100 Southcenter
Boulevard
Type 2 barrier. Noise levels
below criteria
Final 2015 compliance test
at N8 the closest site in this
area. Completed.
N8A
15241 51st Avenue S
Type 2 barrier. Noise levels
be ow criteria.
Final 2015 compliance test
at N8 as site N8A is farther
away. Completed.
N9
4918 Southcenter
Boulevard
Type 1 sound walls. Noise levels
below criteria for 3 years of
testing.
Testing complete
Final Fourth Year Report
37
Page 3 of 18
Table 1. Noise and Vibration Monitoring Site Summary
Rec #' Address'
Notes
Testing
Recommendations
N10,
N11
4908 Southcenter
Boulevard
Type 1 sound walls. Noise levels
below criteria for 3 years of
testing.
Testing complete
N12
4908 Southcenter
Boulevard
Type 1 sound walls. Noise levels
below criteria for 3 years of
testing.
Testing complete
N13,
N14
3816 S 154th Lane
Type 1 and concrete sound walls.
Noise levels below criteria for 3 Testing complete
gears of testing.
Notes:
1. Receivers are shown on Figure 1, detailed maps and figures are in Attachments C and D
2. Address or parcel number
Final Fourth Year Report
38
Page 4 of 18
Figure 1. Project Area, Monitoring Sites, Impacts (2009) and Mitigation
! t 1 ?
/ KS\ ik4‘k,, if-i
L
1 1
{ j New Type1 Acoustic [ �aN14/g
I i iIi __/- Sound Walls
_,1,
,
u ∎�
i
1
1
Type 1 Acoustic Sound Wall i,
N2
Noise Impacts at
ixteen residences
J , i
i f +`
E
. l'J \\
:.∎ 1.1
I
...i 1 1 .,,,
Legend
C=:> 2009 Noise Impacts
Erma Link Light Rail Alignment
Type 1 Acoustic Sound Walls
Type 1 New Acoustic Sound Walls
Type 2 Sound Barriers
* Wayside Lubricators
ft Noise Monitoring Site
Cr Vibration Monitoring Site
Note Detailed Maps Provided in Attachment 0
0 Link Stations
Streets
' Water
'T Seurrartwostr
en _ro
rr∎
Fed
q y 1 I If
il' i- arn-rr i —L.1 i—_,.
Type 2 Sottnd Barrier
Noisp impact at one
! residence
City of Tukwila ,
\ 1 i I —i
I 1' I-
--1 Type 1 Acoustic Sound Wall
�J; _ I %, •1 - i N6
-1011 , \., 1 k_
— s
Type 2 Sound Barrier
-� - �1, Noise impacts at
_� City of SeaTa, �'! three residences
I Noise impacts at
1 'T-----r- -- two residences and - Type 1 Acoustic Sound Wall
N3 -V
N4413
i
d N5
a Buddhist Temple
-- `I Type 1 Acpustic Sound Wall
- t I N1
1 tj N1
Tukwitajnternatienaf Stn _
i — Lubricators
a
N8
V4 `. Repaired
defective track
A
Lubricator
Ltprietor 1L • j_j . Type 2 Sound Barrier
_ \ f °7:,�
Final Fourth Year Report
39
Page 5 of 18
Summary of 2015 Test Results
Based on the Third year testing results, Sound Transit agreed to perform an additional fourth
noise and vibration compliance test at three representative sites. The noise testing sites
included a single test site near the Duwamish Point Neighborhood (revised site N1),
representing the previous sites N1, N1 A. N1B and NI C. Based on the most current test, noise
levels in this neighborhood remain well below the criteria, with the measured light rail noise
levels 7 dB or more below the FTA impact criteria.
The second noise testing site is near the curve where the alignment transitions from the west
side of I -5 to the east, along SR 518 to the S 154th Street Park and Ride. This site was
selected as it is near the curve where wheel squeal and rail flanging noise has occurred in the
past, and is also near previous monitoring sites N7, N8, N8A, and N9. Based on current
testing (revised site N8), noise levels in this area also remain well below the criteria, with the
measured light rail noise levels 7 dB or more below the FTA impact criteria.
Finally, a vibration test was performed at three locations on site V4, which had past issues
with defective track that was corrected. Testing in this area has been performed at several
slightly different locations, including near the South 144th overpass, at the residence at
14424 51st Avenue S, and on the retaining wall between the houses and the trackway. This
final testing includes a test approximately 15 feet east of the retaining wall, on Sound transit
property, along with two measurement sites on the property, with transducers placed both
inside and outside the residence, to assure compliance.
Vibration levels at the residence are well below the FTA criteria of 72 VdB, with a maximum
1/3 octave band velocity level of 62.6 VdB inside the residence and 58.1 VdB outside the
residence. However, during the City peer review vibration testing at site V4, the peer review
consultants observed that ground -borne noise inside the residence was noticeable and could
be the reason for the complaints. In response to the peer review observation, Sound Transit
pursued a test for ground -borne noise to compare noise measurements to the FTA criteria to
verify compliance. A ground -borne noise test must be performed inside the building. The
resident of the property denied right -of -entry and this test cannot be performed. Since all
measured noise and vibration levels are below FTA criteria, this report provides the final
noise and vibration compliance testing required to meet City of Tukwila permit conditions.
Noise Compliance Verification Methods and Results
For this fourth round of testing, the project noise levels were predicted by measuring light
rail pass -by levels, calculating the operational Ldn and comparing it to the FTA noise impact
criteria based on the pre - project measured or predicted Ldn from the Final Design Noise
Technical Report (2004). For this method, several pass -by measurements of the light rail
vehicles is performed. The measured data includes the Lmax and the Single Event Sound
Pressure Level (SEL). Using these measured noise levels for light rail pass -bys, and the
methods in the FTA manual, the 24 -hour Ldn noise level for light rail operations can be
calculated using the proposed operational schedule (i.e., number of trains hourly throughout
Final Fourth Year Report
40
Page 6 of 18
the day, evening and nighttime). The schedule used for the noise projections is provided in
Table 2. The results of the noise monitoring, FTA calculations and site specific Ldn noise
levels are provided below.
Final Fourth Year Report
41
Page 7 of 18
Table 2. Weekday Operational Schedule
Time of Day Service Type
Hours
1.0
Headway
15
Cars per Train
5:00 am - 6:00 am
Early /Late
2
6:00 am - 8:30 am
Peak
2.5
6
2
8:30 am - 3:00 pm
Base
6.5
10
2
3:00 pm - 6:30 pm
Peak
3.5
6
2
6:30 pm - 10:00 pm
Base
3.5
10
2
10:00 pm - 1:00 am
Early /Late
3.0
15
2
Duwamish Point Neighborhood
The final N1 test was performed on the sidewalk on S 116th Street near the intersection with
East Marginal Way S, approximately 35 feet from the curb of East Marginal Way S, and 130
feet from the light rail structure. The pre - project Ldn for this area was measured at 67 dBA,
and based on this ambient level, a moderate impact occurs under the FTA criteria if project
noise levels exceed 63 dBA Ldn. The measurement site is shown on Figure 2.
Measurements of 5 northbound and 5 southbound trains taken on March 27, 2015 produced a
project Ldn of 56 dBA, or 7 dB below the FTA criteria. This reading is supported by the last
pass -by testing performed in 2009, where the project Ldn was measured at 60 dBA. At that
time the new Type 1 sound walls were not in place, however, the area did have the Type 2
sound barrier and the rails had recently been acoustically ground. The additional noise
reduction of approximately 4 dB in 2015 (with Type 1 sound walls) compared to the 2009
noise levels (with the Type 2 sound barriers) is consistent with the acoustical benefits that
occur with replacing the Type 2 sound barriers with Type 1 sound walls. The measurement
results and analysis is provided in Table 3. It is important to note that although all attempts
were made to have readings with minimal background noise, some of the readings do include
other noise sources, and therefore the actual noise from light rail operations is expected to be
lower than those presented.
Final Fourth Year Report
42
Page 8 of 18
Fi• ure 2. N• Noise Measurement Site
Final Fourth Year Report
43
Page 9 of 18
Table 3. N1 Pass -By
Measurements and Ldn
Direction # Cars
Lmax
SEL
Ldn Noise Levels in dBA
Northbound Trains
NB 2
69.9
75.5
NB
2
70.5
74.7
NB
2
73.3
78.9
NB
2
71.3
78.5
NB
2
72.5
79.0
Minimum
69.9
74.7
Maximum
73.3
79.0
Energy
Average
Deviation
71.5
1.40
77.3
2.05
53.6 dBA (northbound)
Standard
Southbound
Trains
SB
2
67.4
73.3
SB
2
71.7
78.6
SB
2
71.1
77.6
SB
2
66.8
70.7
SB
2
70.7
75.1
Minimum
66.8
70.7
Maximum
71.7
78.6
Energy Average
69.5
75.1
51.4 dBA (southbound)
Standard Deviation
2.27
3.21
Total Ldn and Impact Analysis
Pre - Project
Ldn (Measured
Pass -by Measurements
and southbound
during_EIS)
67 dBA
Total Project Ldn from
(combined north
Ldn's)
(severe)
56 dBA
No
Impact Level: 63 dBA (moderate) 67 dBA
Notes:
• The Ldn noise levels are calculated using the SEL and follow the methods in the FTA
Transit Noise and Vibration Assessment Manual, April 2006 and schedule in Table 2.
• Ambient Ldn is without light rail operations.
• Ldn noise levels in Bold -Red typeface exceed the FTA criteria.
1 -5 to SR 518 Curve
The final measurement for the residences and Buddhist Temple near the curve at I -5 and SR
518 interchange was taken 80 feet from the structure along 51st Avenue S. This revised N8
site was approximately 70 to 80 feet from the previous N8, and 165 feet east of site N8A.
Site N7, also nearby on 52nd Avenue S, is approximately 150 feet from the light rail
structure, and has the added protection of an acoustical sound wall to the north. The pre -
project Ldn for this area is 73 dBA, and under the FTA criteria, a moderate impact occurs if
project noise levels exceed 66 dBA Ldn. The measurement site is shown on Figure 3.
Final Fourth Year Report
44
Page 10 of 18
Figure 3. N8 Noise Measurement Site
Site N8 for Final Test
Link Light Rail
154th St S. Southcenter Blvd)
The noise sensitive structures in this area are near the curve where the light rail alignment
transitions from I -5 to SR 518. As previously stated, lubricators have been installed just
before the curves near SR 518 and just east of the 154th Street Park and Ride, effectively
mitigating wheel squeal and flanging noise along this part of the corridor. In addition to the
lubricators, a 912 foot Type 2 sound barrier was installed in the vicinity of 51 st/52nd
Avenues S and S 154th Street, connecting the two existing Type 1 acoustic sound walls.
Finally, rail grinding in this area in 2010 also contributed to the reduced light rail noise
levels.
Five northbound and five southbound trains were measured at site N8 on March 27, 2015.
The result of the measurements was a project Ldn of 61 dBA. This data was extrapolated for
the residence and temple using distance corrections from the FTA manual. The results are a
project Ldn at the residence of 59 dBA, or 7 dB below the FTA criteria, and at the temple,
the project Ldn was 58 dBA, or 8 dB below the FTA criteria. Note, that the measured Ldn
also includes noise from other sources, including traffic on SR 518, I -5, local roadways, and
aircraft from SeaTac airport, and is likely higher than the actual noise levels from light rail
operations. No noise impacts are predicted at any of the sites in this area. Table 4 provides a
summary of the measured data and project Ldn projections.
Final Fourth Year Report
45
Page 11 of 18
Table 4. N8 Pass -By
Measurements and Ldn
Direction # Cars
Lmax
SEL
Ldn Noise levels in dBA
Northbound Trains
NB
2
71.0
81.0
NB
2
71.9
82.7
NB
2
73.2
84.0
NB
2
71.3
81.8
NB
2
70.0
80.0
Minimum
70.0
80.0
Maximum
73.2
84.0
Energy Average
71.5
81.9
58.2 dBA (northbound)
Standard Deviation
1.18
1.54
Southbound Trains
SB
2
72.7
82.7
SB
2
72.4
84.2
SB
2
69.6
80.7
SB
2
68.9
79.7
SB
2
73.3
83.3
Minimum
68.9
79.7
Maximum
73.3
84.2
Energy Average
71.4
82.1
58.4 dBA (southbound)
Standard Deviation
1.99
1.87
Total Ldn and Impact Analysis
Pre - Project Ldn (Measured during EIS)
Project Ldn from Pass -by Measurements
(combined north and southbound Ldn's)
73 dBA
Total
61 dBA
Impact Level: 66 dBA (moderate) 72 dBA (severe)
No
Notes:
• The Ldn noise levels are calculated using the SEL and follow the methods in the FTA
Transit Noise and Vibration Assessment Manual, ApriI 2006 and schedule in Table 2.
• Ambient Ldn is without light rail operations.
• Ldn noise levels in Bold -Red typeface exceed the FTA criteria.
Vibration and Ground -Borne Noise Level Compliance Methods and
Results
The equipment used for the vibration measurements included a Rion Digital Recorder, PCB
accelerometers, and PCB charge amplifiers. The Lmax and RMS average vibration velocity
were calculated for each train pass -by. The "RMS average vibration velocity" is defined as
the RMS average vibration velocity over the 3 decibel down points (relative to the 1- second
RMS Lmax). The analysis included five northbound trains and four southbound trains. The
recordings were analyzed using MATLAB routines to obtain the 1,3 octave band spectra of
the vibration at 0.125 ms (1'8 second) intervals. Vibration measurements were taken at three
Final Fourth Year Report
46
Page 12 of 18
different locations on site V4 to verify continued compliance with the FTA vibration criteria.
Vibration at site V4 has been consistently below FTA criteria since 2009 except in 2013
when a track defect caused vibration levels above the FTA criteria. However, that section of
track was repaired in 2013 and vibration levels have remained well below the FTA criteria
since the repairs were completed.
In November 2014, based on an additional complaint from the residence at 14424 51st
Avenue S, vibration readings were taken on Sound Transit property, located between the
tracks and the residence. This allowed for the measurements to be taken without obtaining a
right of entry and respond to the complaint more quickly. Because the test site is between the
residence and the retaining wall, but not on the retaining wall, vibration levels at this site
would be expected to be greater than, or equal to, the vibration levels at the foundation of the
residence.
The results of the test near the retaining wall, which are closer to the trackway than the
property, show that the vibration levels are not exceeding the FTA Detailed Assessment
impact threshold of 72 VdB for any 1'3 octave bandwidth. The maximum 1/3 octave band
vibration level measured was 67.0 VdB for a southbound train, and 66.8 VdB for a
northbound train. The maximum levels were at the 50 Hz frequency band in both directions.
Based on these measurements, there is no exceedance of the FTA criteria, and the light rail
vibration levels are approximately 5 VdB below the criteria in either direction. The data is
provided in Figures 4 and 5 below.
Final Fourth Year Report
47
Page 13 of 18
Figure 4. Northbound 1/3 Octave Vibration Levels near Retaining Wall
60
70
60
72 VdB Criteria
20
10
0
5 63 8 10 125 16
20 25 315 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315
113 Octave Band Frequency, Hz
- NB, 1
NB, 2
-- -NB,3
NB, 4
NB, 5
B NB Avg
Figure 5. Southbound 1/3 Octave Vibration Levels near Retaining Wall
80
70
60
m
50
>
J
G 40
O
3 30
a
5
20
10
72 VdB Criteria
0
5 6 3 8 10 12 5 16 20 25 31 5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315
113 Octave Band Frequency, Hz
Final Fourth Year Report
48
-58 1
5B, 2
-5B, 3
- 5B, 4
- 56 Avg
Page 14 of 18
For the final vibration compliance measurement at site V4, performed in March 2015,
vibration measurements were performed inside and outside the residence at 14424 51st
Avenue S to ensure compliance with the FTA criteria. Measurement locations were
determined in consultation with the resident to reflect where the resident indicated vibration
was most noticeable. The interior measurement was performed to get a more accurate
vibration reading because the FTA criterion for annoyance at residences is based on the
indoor vibration levels. The maximum 1/3 octave band vibration levels based on 5
northbound and 5 southbound train pass -bys, measured simultaneously inside and outside the
residence, was 58.1 VdB at the exterior location, and 62.6 VdB for the interior location. The
measured near track train vibration levels at the indoor measurement location are
approximately 9 decibels below the FTA criteria of 72 VdB for residential land use.
Figures 6 through 9 provide plots of the vibration levels in VdB based on the frequency.
Figure 10 provides a view of the property and the different locations where vibration testing
was performed.
The City peer review (BRC Letter June 17, 2016) of vibration levels at site V4 stated that
ground -borne noise levels inside the residence may be the source of the residents'
complaints. Ground -borne noise is induced by vibration of the building floors and walls from
light rail operation and is typically not measured for surface light rail because airborne noise
from the train is predominant. As recommended by the City peer review Sound Transit
pursued a compliance test for ground -borne noise within the residence to verify it is below
the FTA criteria. A ground -borne noise test must be performed inside the building. However,
the resident denied Sound Transit right -of -entry and a compliance test for ground -borne noise
cannot be conducted. Several attempts were made to gain the needed right of entry from the
resident to conduct the test, including multiple phone calls and an in person meeting with
Sound Transit staff (August 9, 2016). The resident cited testing fatigue and skepticism of
results as reason to deny additional testing.
Final Fourth Year Report
49
Page 15 of 18
Figure 6. Northbound 1/3 Octave Vibration Levels Residence Exterior
79 0
60 0
500
A-...."
i
n 37 0
g
2a .a
100
/o �.
..
Sa
-
-
-
03 8 10
Background
12.5
-
15
N13-1
20
25 31.5 40
- -N9•2
50 63 85
Frequency In Hz
NB
100 125
—31.4
160
!`�
200 250
555
315
400 500 630
800
— NBAveragr
Figure 7. Southbound 1/3 Octave Vibration Levels Residence Exterior
20 0
690
50,0
m
40.0
5.
0
a
20 0
100
00
L
fir
5 6 3 8 10 12 S 16 20 25 31 5 40
Background
-581 —, - -53 -2
50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800
Frequency In Hz
SB -3 — 5B-4 — - 50.5 SB Average
Final Fourth Year Report
50
Page 16 of 18
Figure 8. Northbound 1/3 Octave Vibration Levels Residence Interior
70 0
60 0
50 0
4413
u
6
0
0
300
200
10
00
6.3 8 10 12 5 16 70 25 31 5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800
Frequency in Hz
Background r, ] r.6 2 NB 3 - NB 4 NB 5 - NB Average
Figure 9. Southbound 1/3 Octave Vibration Levels Residence Interior
70 0
50 0
9
400
Y
C
w
a 15 0
10.0 I
10 0
—
•
r
! /..
iiroir-
..
-
800
5
--
8 5 6 10
Background
12.5 16 20 25 31.5
5B ] -sif -
40
50 63 80
Frequency in Hz
58 -3
100
--
125
58-4
160 200 250
1
315 400 500 630
- -+SB -5
-5B Average
Final Fourth Year Report
51
Figure 10. Location of Vibration Measurements for Site V -4
Page 17 of 18
Interior Measurement Site:
In hall near bedroom
� a
s
Exterior Measurement Site:
Near Retaining Wall
Exterior Measurement Site:
Near side entrance
Conclusion
The noise and vibration measurements performed in 2015 and the trend from previous years
shows that the mitigation measures implemented by Sound Transit have reduced the noise
and vibration from light rail operations to levels below the FTA impact threshold. The noise
testing shows continued compliance well within FTA criteria, demonstrating that we have
achieved long term compliance. The fourth noise and vibration compliance testing described
in this memorandum completes the noise and vibration testing required by City of Tukwila
permit conditions for all locations. Although the City peer review testing of vibration at site
V4 observed noticeable ground -borne noise levels inside the residence, the resident denied
Sound Transit right -of -entry and a compliance test for ground -borne noise cannot be
conducted. Since all measured noise and vibration levels are below FTA criteria, this report
Final Fourth Year Report
52
Page 18 of 18
provides the final noise and vibration compliance testing required to meet City of Tukwila
permit conditions.
Final Fourth Year Report
53
5.4
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
January 8, 2016
Attachment E
1932 First Avenue, Suite 303, Seattle, Washington 98101
06.270.8910 800.843.4524,.1 to 06.270.8690
Architectural Acoustics Sound System and Audiovisual Design 1 Environmental Noise 1 Mechanical Noise Control 1 Vibration Analysis
Ms. Minnie Dhaliwal, Planning Supervisor
City of Tukwila Department of Community Development
6300 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila, Washington 98188
Re: Technical Review V
Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment:
Year 2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
Dear Ms. Dhaliwal:
This letter presents our technical review of the Final -Year Noise and Vibration Compliance
Testing report prepared by Michael Minor & Associates (MM &A) on May 14, 2015. The
MM &A report represents the fourth set added to three previous annual noise and vibration
compliance testing results.
The scope and methodology for the compliance testing were established in Sound Transit's
Compliance Testing Plan dated May 16, 2009 and revised July 2, 2009 (hereafter referred to as
the Compliance Testing Plan).
In preparing this letter, BRC Acoustics and Audiovisual Design reviewed the Report of Final -
Year Noise and Vibration Testing prepared by Michael Minor & Associates and dated May 14,
2015.
In addition, BRC Acoustics conducted sound level measurements during Sound Transit light -rail
pass -bys at selected receiver locations. BRC Acoustics is also tasked with conducting
independent vibration measurements on residential property, pending written permission from
the property owner.
REVIEW OF NOISE TESTING REPORT
General Comments Regarding the Scope of the Noise Annual Review
The 2015 Compliance Testing Report generally follows the prescriptions of Sound Transit's
Compliance Testing Plan dated May 16, 2009. Most of the sound - measurement locations listed
in the Plan were considered complete following the Third -Year Noise Testing Results submitted
by MM &A on November 26, 2013 and peer- reviewed by BRC Acoustics on August 31, 2014.
locations i SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carollna
www.brcacoustics.com
55
Technical Review V
ST Tukwila Segment Link Light Rail
2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
January 8, 2016
Page 2
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
The Final- Review report presents sound measurements at two remaining locations updated from
the Compliance Testing Plan, results derived from the measurements, and applicable criteria for
identifying impacts. No additional noise - mitigation measures are proposed.
Table 1 of the MM &A report is consistent with Table 7 from the Third Annual Compliance
Report.
Baseline Sound Levels
The data for Pre - Project Ldn entered in Tables 3 and 4 and in the discussion on pages 6 and 8 are
consistent with the Monitoring Plan at both sites.
Allowable Project Sound Levels
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) criteria shown in Tables 3 and 4 of the 2015
Compliance Testing Report are consistent with the FTA Manual and with Sound Transit's
Compliance Testing Plan.
Sound Measurement and Calculation Methodology
The sound measurements reported on pages 5 -10 of the 2015 Compliance Testing Report were
conducted appropriately for evaluating potential noise impacts from Sound Transit trains. The
measurement locations and methodology are consistent with the measurement plan proposed as
part of the 2013 Compliance Testing Report.
In general, the calculations of 24 -hour Ldn were conducted according to FTA methods,
consistent with the Operational Schedule shown in Table 2 of the MM &A report. BRC Acoustics
independently calculated 24 -hour Ldn values using the passby sound levels reported in Tables 3
and 4 of the MM &A report and the Operational Schedule shown in Table 2. We found a slight
discrepancy (0.8 dBA) in the Ldn from southbound operations in Table 3. The overall Ldn and
the finding of compliance with FTA criteria are not affected, but we recommend revisiting the
Ldn result.
In order to confirm the noise results of the 2015 Compliance Testing Report, BRC Acoustics
conducted independent noise measurements of train pass -bys at selected receiver locations.
Sound levels were measured on Tuesday, September 8, 2015 between 2:30 and 5 p.m. The
measurements were conducted using a Bruel & Kjaer 2250 Real -Time Spectrum Analyzer. The
weather during the measurements was cloudy with sun breaks, temperatures in the lower 70s
degrees Fahrenheit and wind from the west - southwest at up to 5 mph.
locations 1 SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina
56
www.brcacoustics.com
Technical Review V
ST Tukwila Segment Link Light Rail
2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
January 8, 2016
Page 3
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
Sound measurements of train pass -bys were conducted at Locations N1 and N8. In both cases,
the locations, which differ slightly from Locations N1 and N8 used in previous annual reports,
were those designated for Final Test in the MM &A 2015 report.
The results of the sound -level measurements by BRC Acoustics are tabulated in Attachment A to
this letter. The tables also contain 24 -hour Ldn levels from the measured pass -bys, calculated by
BRC Acoustics using the operational schedule found in Table 2 of the 2015 Compliance Testing
Report. The project Ldn determined by BRC Acoustics was within 3 dBA of the levels reported
by MM &A at both locations. The results confirm the finding of no noise impacts, as reported by
MM &A.
Noise Compliance Verification
The characterization of noise impacts is correctly identified at the test sites listed in Tables 1
(denoted Final Compliance Test), 3, 4, and in the discussion in the Final Compliance Testing
Report.
In Table 1, remove the reference to footnote 5 (pertaining to Receiver #N8A).
Sound Mitigation Measures
According to the results presented in the 2010, 2013, and Final -Year (2015) Noise compliance
Testing reports and the measurements and calculations conducted by BRC Acoustics, the noise
mitigation measures implemented by Sound Transit have brought sound levels into compliance
with FTA criteria.
During the observations by BRC Acoustics on September 8, 2015, there was minimal or no
wheel squeal along the Tukwila corridor. The rail lubricators at the three locations near SR -518
continue to function properly.
REVIEW OF VIBRATION TESTING REPORT
General Comments Regarding the Scope of the Vibration Annual Review
The 2015 Compliance Testing Report generally follows the prescriptions of Sound Transit's
Compliance Testing Plan dated May 16, 2009. Three of the four vibration - measurement
locations listed in the Plan were considered complete following the Third -Year Vibration Testing
Results submitted by MM &A on November 26, 2013. BRC Acoustics concurred with this
characterization of location V1, V2, and V3 in the peer review dated November 24, 2014.
locations I SEATTLE washington 1 C iM i south carollna
www.brcacoustics.com
57
Technical Review V
ST Tukwila Segment Link Light Rail
2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
January 8, 2016
Page 4
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
The 2015 Final- Review report presents vibration measurements at the remaining location (V4)
updated from the Compliance Testing Plan, including results derived from the measurements,
and applicable criteria for identifying impacts. No additional vibration - mitigation measures are
proposed.
The entries related to vibration in Table 1 of the 2015 MM &A report are consistent with Table 7
from the Third Annual Compliance Report (2013).
Part of the 2015 peer- review scope, as assigned to BRC Acoustics, is to conduct independent
vibration measures on the V4 property (14424 51st Avenue South). As of the date of this report,
BRC has obtained verbal permission to access the property. but the property owner has not yet
followed up with written permission. BRC's current assessment of MM &A's analysis and
conclusions regarding V4 anticipates that our measurement results will be consistent with
MM &A's, and remains subject to confirmation pending the results of our (future) independent
vibration measurements.
Allowable Project Vibration Levels
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) criteria, as described on Page 11 of the 2015
Compliance Testing Report (72 VdB rms re: 1 micro - inch /sec for any 1 /3- octave bandwidth), are
consistent with the FTA Manual and with Sound Transit's Compliance Testing Plan.
Vibration Measurement and Calculation Methodology
In the peer- review of Sound Transit's Third -Year Vibration Testing Report (BRC November 24,
2014), BRC recommended that vibration measurements at V4 be conducted directly adjacent to
the residence, or inside the residence at either (1) slab on grade, or (2) top of foundation walls or
footings, as the dwelling's actual construction conditions would dictate.
The measurement locations selected by MM &A for the 2015 Compliance Testing are described
as (a) exterior, near side entrance, and (b) interior, in hall near bedroom. It is probable that the
exterior measurement location is equivalent to BRC's recommendation. It is not possible to
determine whether the interior location is equivalent to BRC's recommended locations. Since
the interior location was selected by the property owner based on most noticeable vibration, we
make the assumption that the location is indeed representative of worst -case interior vibration
impacts, to be confirmed once BRC conducts independent measurements.
Vibration Compliance Verification
Pending independent confirmation of the vibration levels shown in Figures 6 to 9 of the 2015
MM &A report, the characterization of vibration levels at test site V4 as being in compliance with
FTA criteria appears to be valid.
locations 1 SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina
58
www.brcacoustics.com
Technical Review V
ST Tukwila Segment Link Light Rail
2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
January 8, 2016
Page 5
Vibration Mitigation Measures
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
According to the results presented in the 2010, 2013, and Final -Year (2015) Vibration
Compliance Testing reports, and the pending vibration measurements by BRC Acoustics, the
vibration - mitigation measures implemented by Sound Transit have brought vibration levels into
compliance with FTA criteria and no additional vibration testing or mitigation development is
required to satisfy the 2009 Compliance Testing Plan. We anticipate that our pending on -site
measurements will most likely confirm the conclusions of the MM &A 2015 report.
SUMMARY
Evaluation and review by BRC Acoustics, and our independent sound measurements. confirm
that noise - mitigation and vibration - mitigation efforts undertaken by Sound Transit have brought
sound and vibration levels from light -rail pass -bys into compliance with FTA criteria. The
remaining priority proceeding forward continues to be maintaining the effectiveness of on -going
sound and vibration mitigation measures.
If you have any questions or require additional information, please call.
Sincerely,
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
Ioana Park, P.E. Dennis Noson, Ph.D.
Senior Consultant, LEED AP BD +C
locations I SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina
Senior Acoustical Consultant
www.brcacoustics.com
59
Technical Review V
ST Tukwila Segment Link Light Rail
2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
January 8, 2016
Page A -1
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
ATTACHMENT A
SOUND MEASUREMENTS AND Ldn CALCULATIONS
locations 1 SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina
60
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Technical Review V
ST Tukwila Segment Link Light Rail
2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
January 8, 2016
Page A -2
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
Table Al. Pass -By Measurements
BRC Measured data from
Direction MEM
and Ldn Levels for Site N1
September 8, 2015
Lmax SEL
Project Ldn
Northbound Trains
NB 2
NB 2
NB j 2
NB 2
72.1
69.8
65.9
78.4
76
74.7
70.3
76
Minimum
65.9
74.7
Maximum
72.1
78.4
Energy Average
70.0
76.5
52.8
Southbound Trains
SB
2
70.9
70.2
78.8
SB
2
77.1
Minimum
70.2
77.1
Maximum
70.9
78.8
Energy Average 70.6
78.0
54.3
Total Ldn and Impact Analysis
Pre- Project Ldn
67
Project Ldn
57
Impact Level = 63 dBA Ldn
No Impact
locations l SEATTLE washington j CHARLESTON south carollna
www.brcacoustics.com
61
Technical Review V
ST Tukwila Segment Link Light Rail
2015 Noise and Vibration Compliance Testing Report
January 8, 2016
Page A -3
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
Table A2. Pass -By Measurements and Ldn Levels for Site N8
BRC Measured data from September 8, 2015
Direction
# Cars
Lmax SEL
Project Ldn
Northbound Trains
NB 2
NB 2
NB 2
67 77
71.5 78.1
68.1 75.7
Minimum
67
75.7
Maximum
71.5
78.1
Energy Average
69.3
77.0
53.4
Southbound Trains
SB
2
74
80.4
SB
2
70
79.2
SB
2
72.4
79.4
Minimum
70
79.2
Maximum
74
80.4
Energy Average 72.4
79.7
56.0
Total Ldn and Impact Analysis
Pre - Project Ldn
73
Project Ldn
58
Impact Level = 66 dBA Ldn
No Impact
locations 1 SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina
62
www.brcacoustics.com
BRC Acoustics &Audiovisua Design
,r,
206 270.8910 800.843.4524,
206.270.8690
Architectural Acoustics 1 Sound System and Audiovisual Design 1 Environmental Noise 1 Mechanical Noise Control 1 Vibration Analysis
June 17, 2016
Ms. Minnie Dhaliwal, Planning Supervisor
City of Tukwila Department of Community Development
6300 Southcenter Boulevard
Tukwila. Washington 98188
Re: Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment
Measurements of Vibration Levels
Dear Ms. Dhaliwal:
This letter presents the results of vibration -level measurements conducted by BRC Acoustics on
May 12, 2016 at the residential property at 14424 51st Ave S. The measurements supplement
BRC's report dated January 8, 2016 to complete the technical review of the Final -Year Noise
and Vibration Compliance Testing report prepared by Michael Minor & Associates (MM &A) on
May 14, 2015. The MM &A report represents the fourth set added to three previous annual noise
and vibration compliance testing results.
The scope and methodology for the compliance testing were established in Sound Transit's
Compliance Testing Plan dated May 16, 2009 and revised July 2, 2009 (hereafter referred to as
the Compliance Testing Plan).
General Comments Regarding the Scope of the Vibration Annual Review
The 2015 Final - Review report by MM &A presented vibration measurements at the remaining
location (V4) updated from the Compliance Testing Plan, including results derived from the
measurements, and applicable criteria for identifying impacts. No additional vibration - mitigation
measures are proposed.
Part of the 2015 peer- review scope, as assigned to BRC Acoustics, was to conduct independent
vibration measures on the V4 property (14424 51St Avenue South).
Allowable Project Vibration Levels
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) criteria, as described on Page 11 of the 2015
Compliance Testing Report (72 VdB rms re: 1 micro - inch. /sec for any 1!3- octave bandwidth), are
consistent with the FTA Manual and with Sound Transit's Compliance Testing Plan.
locations 1 SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina 1 PORTLAND oregon
www.brcacoustics.com
63
Measurements of Vibration Levels
Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment
June 17, 2016
Page 2
BRC Vibration Measurements
To confirm the vibration results of the 2015 Testing Report, BRC Acoustics conducted
independent measurements of train pass -bys at receiver location V4.
BRC Acoustics personnel was present at the residence between 2:35 and 3:23 p.m. on Thursday,
May 12, 2016. Table 1 lists the times of Tight -rail pass -bys observed during that time interval
and times of vibration measurements at the property. Some of the pass -bys occurred while the
vibration transducer was being installed or relocated. No data were acquired during these events.
The events are recorded in Table 1 to illustrate the time intervals between pass -bys.
The events listed in Table 1 show the average time interval between pass -bys in each direction to
be 6 minutes, which is consistent with the headway reported in the Operating Plan for the Airport
Link (Attachment E, Third -Year Noise and Vibration Testing Results by MM &A, November 26,
2013).
Vibration measurements were collected using a Bruel & Kjaer one -axis accelerometer and a
Bruel & Kjaer hand -held analyzer, model 2250.
The weather during the measurements was clear, with temperatures in the low 70s degrees
Fahrenheit and wind from the south at 5 mph or less.
locations 1 SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina 1 PORTLAND oregon
64
www.brcacoustics.com
TABLE 1
OBSERVED EVENTS
MAY 12, 2016
Time (p.m.)
Event
Vibration Measurement
2:36
Train NB
No measurement
2:37
Train SB
No measurement
2:41
Train NB
No measurement
2:43
No event
Interior ambient level
2:49
Train NB
Interior
2:50
Train SB
Interior
2:59
Train NB
Interior
3:00
Train SB
No measurement
3:04
Train SB
No measurement
3:10
Train NB
No measurement
3:11
Train SB
No measurement
3:13
No event
Exterior Ambient level
3:15
Train SB
Exterior
3:19
Train NB
Exterior
3:20
Train SB
Exterior
3:22
Train NB
Exterior
The events listed in Table 1 show the average time interval between pass -bys in each direction to
be 6 minutes, which is consistent with the headway reported in the Operating Plan for the Airport
Link (Attachment E, Third -Year Noise and Vibration Testing Results by MM &A, November 26,
2013).
Vibration measurements were collected using a Bruel & Kjaer one -axis accelerometer and a
Bruel & Kjaer hand -held analyzer, model 2250.
The weather during the measurements was clear, with temperatures in the low 70s degrees
Fahrenheit and wind from the south at 5 mph or less.
locations 1 SEATTLE washington 1 CHARLESTON south carolina 1 PORTLAND oregon
64
www.brcacoustics.com
Measurements of Vibration Levels
Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment
June 17, 2016
Page 3
Measurements of vibration were collected at two locations on the property, one inside the
residence, 18 inches from the east exterior wall (the facade nearest the light rail lines) and one on
the ground immediately outside the residence on the south side near the east facade, at a location
indicated by the Owner as unlikely to pierce the drain line. The interior measurement location
was selected following reports by the homeowner regarding worst -case vibration level. The
location was on the first floor of the residence (with a basement below).
The results of the vibration measurements are shown in Figures 1 to 4 as graphs of the vibration
velocity level in VdB re. 1 micro-inch second plotted against the frequency in 1:`3- octave bands.
70.0
u
u 60.0
c
L 50.0
v
a
40.0
0 30.0
20.0
10.0
6.30 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315
1/3- Octave Center Frequency, Hz
Figure 1: Northbound 1/3- Octave Vibration Levels Residence Interior
NB 1, inside NB 2, inside — — Ambient, inside
locations 1 SEATTLE washington I CHARLESTON south carolina 1 PORTLAND oregon
www.brcacoustics.com
65
-.1.
....
■
1
L
L
1
1
1
1
1 [
i 1 1
1
1
1
NB 1, inside NB 2, inside — — Ambient, inside
locations 1 SEATTLE washington I CHARLESTON south carolina 1 PORTLAND oregon
www.brcacoustics.com
65
Measurements of f'ibration Levels
Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment
June 17, 2016
Page 4
70.0
N
u 60.0
50.0
m
-a
a
40.0
J
T
c 30.0
d
20.0
Figure 2: Southbound 1/3- Octave Vibration Levels Residence Interior
10.0 F I 1 # 1 + 1 1 1 f 1 1 # I # 1 1 1
6.30 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315
1/3- Octave Center Frequency, Hz
SB 1, inside — — Ambient, inside
70.0
c 60.0
a
L 50.0
m
> 40.0
a
J
c 30.0
20.0
Figure 3: Northbound 1/3- Octave Vibration Levels Residence Exterior
10.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 { 1 1i ! 4 I }
6.30 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315
1/3- Octave Center Frequency, Hz
NB 1, outside NB 2, outside _. Ambient, outside
locations I SEATTLE washington j CHARLESTON south carolina 1 PORTLAND Oregon
66
www.brcacoustics.com
Measurements of Vibration Levels
Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment
June 17, 2016
Page 5
70.0
u• 60.0
.2.
;! 50.0
v
1 40.0
J
T
0 d 30.0
20.0
10.0
Figure 4: Southbound 1/3- Octave Vibration Levels Residence Exterior
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 k 1 I 1 1 I 1
6.30 8 10 12.5 16 20 25 31.5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315
1/3- Octave Center Frequency, Hz
SB 1, outside — SB 2, outside — — Ambient, outside
Evaluation and Compliance Verification at Location V4
The results shown in Figures 1 to 4 are in compliance with the FTA criterion of 72 VdB in any
1/3- octave band.
• The following additional observations pertain to the results reported in Figures 1 to 4:
• The highest vibration levels, both in the interior and exterior measurements, occur in the
1/3-octave band centered on 40 Hz. This is consistent with the most of the results
reported by MM &A as part of the Sound Transit 2015 testing. One exception occurred in
the vibration levels reported by MM &A for northbound pass -bys measured at the exterior
of the residence, where the highest levels occurred in the 1/3- octave band centered on 50
Hz.
a This is a minor differential between MM &A and BRC measurements, probably
due to slight variations in train speed.
• The highest 1/3- octave vibration levels measured by BRC Acoustics were within 2 to 3
VdB of the levels reported by MM &A as part of the 2015 testing results.
• BRC Acoustics results showed vibration levels from southbound (near- track) pass -bys
exceeding levels from far -track pass -bys by 3 to 4 VdB.
locations I SEATTLE washington I CHARLESTON south carolina I PORTLAND oregon
www.brcacoustics.com
67
Measurements of i'ibration Levels
Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment
June 17, 2016
Page 6
Vibration Mitigation Measures
According to the results presented in the 2010, 2013, and Final -Year (2015) Vibration
Compliance Testing reports, and the vibration measurements by BRC Acoustics in May 2016,
the vibration - mitigation measures implemented by Sound Transit have brought vibration levels
into compliance with FTA vibration criteria.
Ground -Borne Noise
During the period of our interior observation of train pass -by vibration, we noted that vibration -
induced noise was very distinctly present in the ambient background noise of the residence, and
it is very possible that this is the source of complaint to the City by the Owner, rather than the
vibration itself.
BRC Acoustics did not conduct sound measurements at the same time as the vibration
measurements reported in the previous sections. The method prescribed in Section 11.2.2 of the
FTA Manual can be used to estimate A- weighted sound levels in a typical residential space from
the measured vibration levels in 1/3- octave bands. Using this method, it was estimated that the
measured vibration levels could result in ground -borne sound levels in the range of 31 to 33 dBA
range.
The FTA criterion for frequent ground -borne noise events received in residences is 35 dBA
(FTA, Table 8 -1). Since the preliminary estimates show ground -borne noise approaching this
criterion and since the sound was clearly audible in the residence, further consideration of the
sound levels by Sound Transit may be warranted.
locations 1
68
washington 1
south carolina ( oregon www.brcacoustics.com
Measurements of Vibration Levels
Sound Transit Link Light Rail Tukwila Segment
June 17, 2016
Page 7
Summary
Evaluation and review by BRC Acoustics, and our independent sound and vibration
measurements, confirm that noise - mitigation and vibration - mitigation efforts undertaken by
Sound Transit have brought sound and vibration levels from light -rail pass -bys into compliance
with FTA vibration criteria. However, it is recommended that Sound Transit conduct one
additional sound measurement inside the residence to ascertain that ground -borne noise meets
the sound -level criteria listed in Table 8 -1.
If you have any questions or require additional information, please call.
Sincerely,
BRC Acoustics & Audiovisual Design
Dennis Noson, Ph.D. Ioana Park, P.E..
Senior Acoustical Consultant
Senior Consultant, LEED AP BD +C
locations 1 SEATTLE washington ! CHARLESTON south carolina I PORTLAND oregon
www.brcacoustics.com
69