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HomeMy WebLinkAboutUtilities 2011-06-28 Item 2C - Color 2011 Stormwater Community Research Report City of Tukwila Jim Haggerton, Mayor INFORMATIONAL MEMORANDUM TO: Mayor Haggerton Utilities Committee FROM: Bob Giberson, Public Works Director DATE: June 24, 2011 SUBJECT: NPDES Program Project No. 93 -DR10 2011 Stormwater Community Phone Survey Results ISSUE Discuss results of the 2011 Stormwater Community Phone Survey. BACKGROUND The City's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II general permit requires that the City measure its citizens understanding of the City's stormwater system. To meet this requirement, the Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) conducted a survey by mail in late 2010. Continuing to meet this requirement, the City partnered with the City of Kent and conducted a Stormwater Community Survey by phone in May 2011. ANALYSIS Results are very similar to the results from the same survey conducted in fourteen other cities in Snohomish, King, Pierce and Lewis Counties from 2009 through 2011. Results show our public needs to be better informed regarding current levels of pollution in surface waters. Overall, Tukwila scored higher in comparison to the City of Kent and other parts of the region in which the survey was conducted. This survey identified priority issues for continuing the City's Public Education and Outreach component required by the City's SWMP. The City's portion in the June 2011 Tukwila Reporter covers some of the priority issues that need to be addressed. RECOMMENDATION Information only Attachment: Survey Stormwater Community Research WAPW EngTROJECTSW,-DR P93 -DR10 (NPDES Program)12011 Phone Survey Info Memo.doc 25 The Cities of Kent and Tukwila Stormwater Community Research Report April, 2011 Prepared by: Kenneth Klima, Senior Research Director Brandon Megrath, Research Analyst Hebert Research, Inc. 13629 NE Bel -Red Road Bellevue, WA 98005 (425) 643 -1337 kklima a hebertre search. com 26 The C'itie,� of Kent and Tukwila STORMWATER COMMUNITYRESEARCH REPORT April, 2011 Table of Contents Methodology 5 GeographicArea Surveyed 8 Explanation of Multivariate Analysis 9 Respondent 10 Highly Variable Assessment of Water Quality in the Environment 11 Areas of Greatest Educational Need 13 Priority 1 Issues: Less than 50% Correct Answers in the Region 14 Priority 2 Issues: From 50 -80% Correct Answers 17 Priority 3 Issues: Higher than 80% Correct Answers 22 Reporting an Illicit Discharge 25 Cityof Kent 26 Priority 1 Issues: 50% or Less Correct Answers 26 Priority 2 Issues: 50% 80% Correct Answers 28 Priority 3 Issues: Higher than 80% Correct Answers 31 Awareness of The Clean Water Project 32 Cityof Tukwila 33 Priority 1 Issues: 50% or Less Correct Answers 33 Priority 2 Issues: 50% 80% Correct Answers 35 Priority 3 Issues: Higher than 80% Correct Answers 37 Conclusions and Recommendations 39 Baseline Stormwater Survey Results for 16 Cities: Priority 1 Issues 41 27 Baseline Stormwater Survey Results for 16 Cities: Priority 2 Issues 42 Baseline Stormwater Survey Results for 16 Cities: Priority 3 Issues 43 THE CITY OF KENT STORMWATER COMMUNITY SURVEY 44 THE CITY OF TUKWILA STORMWATER COMMUNITY SURVEY 48 28 Goal Research Goal: The goal of this research is to measure the public's knowledge and practices regarding stormwater in the cities of Kent and Tukwila using a telephone survey. This research was completed at the request of the participating cities and may be used for stormwater planning and partial compliance with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II permit compliance requirements in Washington State. Content Areas for the Survey: The "general public is defined as: achilts (18 sears of age wid older) echo speak English arld lire hi the cities of liew ai ?d Tukl1'ila. Tl?e sllbJects col'ei -ed iiicllyded: -*.-General impacts of stormwater flows into surface waters. ❖Knowledge of the benefit of pervious surfaces. Source control BMPs and environmental stewardship actions and opportunities in the areas of pet waste, vehicle maintenance, and landscaping. ❖BMPs for use and storage of automotive parts, hazardous cleaning supplies, carwash soaps and other hazardous materials. ❖Knowledge of what constitutes an illicit discharge and how to report it. ❖Yard care techniques relating to protecting stormwater quality and knowledge of what constitutes pollution in the yard. ❖BMPs for use and storage of pesticides and fertilizers. ❖BMPs for the disposal of carpet cleaning fluids. ❖BMPs for auto maintenance. 29 Methodology The survey was created for the general public for administration within each of the participating cities. Survey questions were developed by Hebert Research with input from each city. The survey consisted of 30 questions with 27 of them relating directly to knowledge about stormwater issues and practices respondents had adopted which protect the quality of stormwater. The remaining three questions dealt with an overall assessment of surface water quality, to whom illicit discharges should be reported and the age of the respondent. Sample The sample for Kent was determined through identifying Census Tracts from the US Census Bureau within Kent. Hebert Research then purchased a list of phone numbers of residents within the selected Census Tracts from a reputable vendor. A random sample of phone numbers was drawn from the selected Tracts by the vendor. A list containing over 1000 telephone numbers appearing in the telephone directory was purchased from a reputable commercial list company for Tukwila. The list company maintains a record of all telephone numbers appearing in all phone books in the United States cross referenced by zip code. Using the zip codes covering the study area, the list company drew a random sample of phone numbers. The random draw of these phone numbers assures proper proportionate sampling. High density areas have more phone numbers and, by randomly drawing from the list, the high and low density areas are properly proportioned. The resulting list for each city was loaded into Hebert Research's CATI (Computer -Aided Telephone Interviewing) system which randomly selects phone numbers as required during the interviewing process. Phone numbers were called up to five times at different times during the day and evening. This helped to assure that the survey is administered to both those who are easy to reach and those who are more difficult to contact. The following table represents the obtained, random sample for each of the participating cities: Sample Totals City Sample Size Bent 104 Tukwila 100 Total Sample 204 Research Controls Hebert Research applied a variety of controls to help ensure that the research and analysis reached the highest quality that can be provided. The primary research controls that were employed in this study included the following: 30 Interviewer Training All interviewers participated in a special training session for this study. During this training session, the questionnaire was read and a discussion was held regarding the objectives of the study, screening questions, skip patterns, and techniques for handling potential problems. Interviewers raised questions and provided their professional feedback regarding potential interviewing issues. All issues were resolved. Pre -test the Survey After the questionnaire was programmed in our CATI system, it was rigorously tested to assure all questions were asked and that data was accurately recorded. Thirty surveys were conducted during the pretest. The programming was deemed to be valid. Conduct Interviews Following a successful pretest of the questionnaire, telephone interviews were conducted using CD CATI software from Sawtooth Software, a recognized leader in computer -aided interviewing. Potential respondents were called on weekdays at various times throughout the afternoon and evening until 9:00 pm. An appointment and callback procedure was used when necessary to minimize refusals and allow respondents to complete the survey at a convenient time. Interviews were conducted in English. Monitoring Telephone interviews were regularly monitored by the data collection supervisor and were found to be properly conducted. Internal Peer Review Hebert Research uses an internal review process called "CERA" (create, edit, review, approve) which is similar to academic peer review to ensure that each study meets or exceeds rigorous quality control standards. Through this process, several analysts review the statistical findings and offer critical feedback designed to increase the utility of the research and produce a clear and insightful report. Incidence and Response Rates, Margin of Error A total of 204 surveys were completed with adults living within the zip codes of Kent and Tukwila. At the 95% confidence level, the maximum margin of error for a sample size of 104 respondents is f9.6% and for a sample size of 100 is ±9.8 For the entire sample of the two cities combined (204 respondents), the maximum margin of error is ±6.9 This margin of error means that if the two -city survey was repeated 100 times, the resulting percents for each question for the two cities combined would be within ±6.9% (the margin of error) in 95 out of 100 cases for each question. Over 1,000 phone numbers of residences in each city were called. Many of these calls went unanswered or went to voicemail. When a resident answered the phone and contact was made, we asked the respondent to participate in the survey. The hichleitce rate represents the percent of individuals we spoke to who were qualified to take the survey, meaning they spoke English and reported living within the city. The response rate represents the percent of qualified individuals we spoke to who agreed to participate and who completed an interview. Response 31 rates above 50.0% are higher compared to other community -wide surveys and serve to increase confidence in the survey's validity and reliability. Sampling Frame City Incidence Rate Response Rate Bent 55.(_)% 54.1% Tukwila 37.9% 53.6% ,Watisticul Weighting Statistical weighting is a technique that is commonly used in survey research to correct for sampling bias. During the process of data collection, demographic data from the U.S. Census was obtained to identify population parameters for the zip codes involved in the survey. Sample demographics specifically, age and gender —were compared with distributions in the population within each city. To compensate for potential sampling bias (e.g., interviewing a disproportionately high number of females), weights were calculated and applied to the survey sample for each city in order to ensure that gender and age distributions were represented in the proper proportion according to census statistics. After being weighted by age and gender, the samples for each city were then weighted by population to assure a proper proportionate representation across the two cities combined to determine the results for the Region (the area made up of the two cities combined). In the final weighting analysis, it was concluded that each sample was representative of the population for each city within the critical parameters of gender and age and for the region (region is defined for this report as the two cities combined) according to gender, age and population density. Use of Findings Hebert Research has made every effort to produce the highest quality research product within the agreed specifications, budget and schedule. The customer understands that Hebert Research uses those statistical techniques, which, in its opinion, are the most accurate possible. However, inherent in any statistical process is a possibility of error, which must be taken into account in evaluating the results. Statistical research can reveal information regarding community perceptions only as of the time of the sampling, within the parameters of the project, and within the margin of error inherent in the techniques used. Evaluations and interpretations of statistical research findings and decisions based on them are solely the responsibility of the customer and not Hebert Research. The conclusions, summaries and interpretations provided by Hebert Research are based strictly on the analysis of the data gathered, and are not to be construed as recommendations, therefore, Hebert Research neither warrants their viability nor assumes responsibility for the success or failure of any customer actions subsequently taken. 32 Geographic Area Surveyed "was V The map below shows the geographic area covered by the zip codes of the two cities in the study (98030, 98031, 98032, and 98042 for Kent and 98168 for Tukwila). Shore WOO V7 UUU Fvav, ar 9 98IFC._ SE 128th 'Bur�f�fr MtentoN f qht. i �L_'� 'C5 JIFy� I '9875 c I Normandy W� eTd Puget3ound Des Mot I 98p37 98430 t Ir W Valley 9679ffi _I. aple Valley Srms3teaa 1 98032 SE 'aot El and (gg 9 VVoodmorA l J 8P1 'Y (I69 y 1 BeafFZ flrJ(eH a w }'th St G T O I 'i' 980,10 King DtacF'Diar s6tn3 Fedr ral Wa .r g.� 84 55 I o-YSlley 't. o{11go 4' y� 1161 llllll' th 5t wffit�s� Mittan I• t "igh F'o'nt fi the sa B6 nnean'errat�mma s6 36 9;126 ni9nlan s ou 71aF' Park 6 e9 South FauMkero r V' Park Mw in er Beach 'Hei jh.s `wn�erKer t Nr35 gln�tJn 5J4 105th St r 98146 1 B Idawr piv 116th St U .:N 96 78 Shorewood uleo` tl� F fk 599 St o Tukwil a w 9876k .99- I'! "H -G 4455- Bu °no S1 1fifrh Sffi'�44 i509 967• Puget3ount tt' 175th S< L� Norma ark; p SeAle-Tac m SedTdC IriterrMional knport5 18; !h St lV' I I 33 Explanation of Multivariate Analysis va The data for the surveys were analyzed using the chi square statistic to examine differences between respondents on a regional basis according to age and gender. Responses for the knowledge questions were first categorized as being a correct response or an incorrect response. The incorrect response category was made up of wrong answers plus responses classified as "need more information," "don't know /refused," and "not applicable." Following classification, the chi square test was executed. For the questions dealing with the actions of the respondents, those who said the action did not apply to them were first eliminated from the data set. Following their removal, the categories were classified as being "correct" or "incorrect" with the "incorrect" classification consisting of the collapsed categories as described above. The statistical test was run using these two categories. Hypotheses were tested using the 0.05 level of sigllificailce as the criterion value for the chi square analysis. When differences between groups reached this value, the finding is reported along with its level of sigliificaiice which is stated as a p value (e.g., p 0.04). Chi square results that reach the 0.05 level of significance indicate there is at least a 19- out -of -20 likelihood that the finding is true. This is a generally accepted level of reliability for public surveys. In addition to measures of significance in which differences have been determined at the 0.05 level, a measurement of association is also reported. This measure shows the strength of association or dependency between the variables being tested such as the response to a question and gender. A measurement of 0 indicates there is no association between the two. It represents a null relationship. A measurement of 1 indicates perfect association or, to continue the example, gender is completely predictive of the response to the question. This measure of association is called Cramer's V. 34 Respondent Profile The following tables describe the demographic profile of the sample. As indicated in the methodology section, the sample was statistically weighted to match the populations of Kent and Tukwila by gender and age. The figures appearing in the table represent weighted values. Age Region Kent Tukwila 18-24 13.9% 14.4% 11.5% 25 34 22.2% 21.8% 24.2% 35 44 213% 212% 21.9% 45 54 19.4% 19.7% 18.1% 55 64 12.5% 12.1% 14.6% 6; or Older 10.6% 10.8% 9.6% Gender Region Kent Tukwila Male 50.4% ;0.5% 50.0% Female 49.6% 49.5% 50.0% 35 Highly Variable Assessment of Water Quality in the Environment Sv��y� r S taAAA n .C�aF.v.��nSltilShx+,�11'��Et` t Cities Show Similar Overall Perception Regarding Surface Water Quality Respondents rated the quality of water in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound on a 0 to "10" scale where "0" meant "extremely polluted" and "10" meant "extremely clean." Respondent ratings in Kent and Tukwila were similar in their assessment of the quality of surface water in our region with ratings of 6.29 for Kent and 5.82 for Tukwila. Figure 1. Respondent Rating of Sui face Water Quality by Area Rating of Surface Water Quality Region Kent 6.29 Tukwila 5.82 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 For the region represented by the two cities, the average rating of 6.02 suggests the public sees these waters as being clean, but on a relatively low level. The shape of the curve (see Figure 2 below) suggests a classic normal distribution of scores which is shifted to the right, toward the high end of the scale. A classic normal distribution would result if: 1) the information available to the public provided a confusing picture of surface water as being both high and low in quality, or 2) respondents possessed little knowledge about water quality and guessed at an answer. The fact that residents rated the quality of water across the scale shows high variability in the public's perception of the quality of surface waters. The shift in average ratings from the middle toward the high end of the rating scale suggests the public, as a whole, views water quality as being generally clean but with some uncertainty. The similarity of the distribution of ratings to the normal curve suggests that the residents in each city are unclear about how clean the water is and that many respondents may have taken a guess at it. 36 Figure 2 Rating by General Public of the Quality of Water in the Environment (0 to 10 scale where "0" meant "e-vtrenteb7polluted" and "10" meant "e_vtrentetv clean.') Q2. Rate your perception of the overall quality of the water in our rivers, wetlands, and lakes and in Puget Sound. By "quality of water" I mean how free it is from pollution. 35% 30% 25% 20% —Ar—Region Kent 15% --N—Tukwila d 4 4 10% /A 5% 0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Public Needs a Better Awareness of the Problem The implication of this finding for education purposes is that the public needs to be more deeply informed regarding the current levels of pollution in rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound. Using social marketing techniques, educational efforts should communicate: 1) the current nature, severity and negative effects of surface water pollution originating in stormwater, 2) the quality of stormwater that is desired and a vision of clean water in the future, 3) the many positive outcomes that will result from constructive public action to preserve the quality of stormwater, and 4) the helpful practices individuals need to adopt to prevent polluting stormwater. The more real the public perceives the problems and the benefits and the more advertising employs effective social marketing techniques, the greater the impact and response "n "n "n Z_ Z_ Z_ p will be. If cities can go beyond simple education and offer programs that help to overcome obstacles to change, the opportunity for success increases. For example, many people resist changing their behavior if it will cost them money. Programs that will eliminate or reduce the monetary cost will have a much higher chance of success. If, for example, the city can offer a program where citizens receive money-saving coupons for using a commercial car wash instead of washing their car on the street where soapy water enters the stormwater drainage system, the likelihood of changing the public's behavior in a desirable direction rises. 37 Areas of Greatest Educational Need The two main purposes of this survey are to establish a baseline of the public's knowledge and practices regarding stormwater and to provide direction for each city's public education program to meet the requirements in the NPDES Phase 11 Permit in WA. The survey tested the public's knowledge and practices regarding 27 key issues and the resulting data provides baseline measures against which to assess future improvement as a result of each city's social marketing programming. The priorities for education resulting from this research are divided into three levels based on the percent of the respondents across the region who provided a correct answer —the lower the percent of correct answers given, the higher the priority for education. Priority 1: Less than 50% correct answers (Table 1) Priority 2: From 50 to 80% correct answers (Table 2) Priority 3: Over 80% correct answers (Table 3 In administering the questionnaire, respondents were presented with statements that were either true or false and were asked if they agreed or disagreed with the statement. Each of the statements in the tables appearing below include a letter indicating the correct answer for that statement, an A for "Agree" and a D for "Disagree." When the word "Adopt" appears, it means the statement deals with whether respondents have "adopted" the desirable behavior mentioned in the statement. The combination of "A Adopt," then, means the question deals with behavior and the desired response is "A" for "Agree" —which equates to the respondent saying that he or she engages in the desired behavior mentioned in the statement. Rank for All issues in Tables 1, 2 and 3 are ordered by the city's rank for education. Education The ranking of issues for the Region is also shown with a color code as shown in the "Rank for Education" table on the left. The top rank item for education is colored bright green. Also a "1" appears underneath the percentage in the cell. The least important issue is a magenta color with _9 "27" appearing underneath the percentage of correct answers given by 10 -18 I respondents. 2 5 26 77 38 Priority I Issues: Less than 50% Correct Answers in the Region Across the Region, less than 50% of the public gave the correct answer to seven issues (25.9% of the 27 issues tested, see Table 1). The seven lowest scoring issues for Kent and Tukwila were the same for the first five issues and varied by only one ranking position for two issues. Tukwila residents provided a higher percent of correct answers for every Priority 1 issue compared to Kent indicating a higher level of correct knowledge and awareness regarding these stormwater issues. Table 1. PHoritl7 I Issues for Public Education Ranked 417 Region Rank for Correct Responses by Area Education Question Region Kent Tukwila 15. The runoff from washing a Car ivltll l` c it ii` t \k iic ir4 4atk\ t z t]jlf "i \,lr7Vt' 1 biodegradable Soap is safe in Stornill -ater 4 drains. D 29. Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt pavement. D 4444442k44c 4 aiaiaial .;i 5. Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound is more the result of 3 industrial dumping practices than individual human activity. D 16 When I wash a motor vehicle at home 38.5% 32 3% 45.8% 4 the soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the street. D Adopt 4 4 4 3. Drains on city streets for storrmvater are 4 3 1.9% 4U.6% 46.5% connected to the same sanitan- sewer system used for treating human waste. D 5 5 5 6 21. Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural 47.6% 41.6% 53.3% and not regarded as pollution. D 6 6 7 7 19. Grass clippings and leaves are not 47.8% 46.5% 50.0% regarded as harmful in storrmvater. D 7 8 6 *Blue indicates a question dealing with behavior, what the respondent does. Percents app/l` 0111` to respondents who said the question applied to them. Table Note: All "Does not apple" responses to knowledge questions were added to the "Incorrect" response category since all knowledge questions apple to all respondents. This Wile applies to all the tables in the report. 39 Kent Shows a Greater Need for Education As shown in Figure 3, residents of Kent, on average, gave a substantially lower percent of Figure z- z- correct answers than Tukwila residents for Priority I issues, suggesting a stronger need for educational programming exists in Kent. Figure 3: Percent Correct Responses to PHoritI7 I Issiles ky Area Priority 1 Issues: Average Percent Correct Responses Region '49.8% Kent iM35 5% Tukwila 44.6 34.0% 36.0% 38.0% 40.0% 42.0% 44.0% 46.0% Issues Involving Soap Show High Need for Education The residents in Kent and Tukwila show low awareness of correct practices involving soap. Issues involving soap have the greatest potential for demonstrating improved community knowledge as a result of educational programming. Educational programming should convey the following messages: Biodegradable soap is riot avq/c ackfitioii to NtOI11111 clrahlN aml4ioulcl be kept from rumfing into the NtOI11111 ch-ahiage, vvtem. Alotor vehicles should be washed hi aii area where the soqpv rum? fffrill be absorbed by the growicl or the 1 ehi('1cNVh011U be taken to a commercial car wash. Soqj?v water, hichicling biodegradable soap, Nhoiticl riot be allowed to flow into the street or into a c1rahiage ditch. Knowledge of Pollution Sources and the Stormwater Drainage System are Lacking Other low scoring issues for the cities dealt with how the storrnwater drainage system works. Six out of ten respondents in the two cities (61.8%) did not know that individual human activity, not industrial dumping, is the primary cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands, and lakes and in Puget Sound. Residents in both cities were similarly unaware that stormwater drains are not connected to the sanitary sewer system. 40 Knowledge of how rivers, wetlands, and lakes and the marine waters of Puget Sound become polluted by stormwater is an essential precursor to improving understanding, raising the desire to act responsibly, and bringing about behavioral change. Educational programming in both cities should convey the following messages: Thehrinaary caaase ofholhatiora ill stornawater raaraoff is hichi human activity, clot hichistrlal cluln1fi ?g. Success hi recluchig el ?1'lronniewal polllltloli a'epemlc ipoli e1 ?e'S particlj)atlol? hi hellfing to lraake a a4ffel'el ?Ce. The water ill stornaunater clrairas is riot coraraectecl to the saraitarl' seiner sl'steraa rlor is all Storlmrater treated to relnol'e pollartaws before being released hito the el ?Tirol nel ?t. Therejore, the quality of Stormwater going hito the drahiage S1'Steln is ichat a the level of j)olhttiora ill surface water. Actions to Prevent Polluting Stormwater Need Emphasis Responses to questions regarding pavers, sediment, and grass clippings also revealed relatively low levels of informed awareness in the community and indicated a need for public education. Nearly two out of three respondents in the combined cities (64.7 were not aware that bricks and pavers offer an advantage in reducing storm water runoff Less than half of the respondents across the two cities combined knew that sediment, grass clippings and leaves constituted pollution. The following messages should be conveyed: Bricks or parer s help to r edarce the rolarlrae of stor lmrater r arrioff alga', therefore, help to reduce storlaawaterl)ollrrtiora hi the erarirownerat. SecIimew is j)o1httiora aml shoiticl bel)rererated front entering the storlaawater clrahiage system. Grass clij)Ifings avid leaves ila storran Vater are regarclecl as j)olhatiora avid shoaalcl be kept Out of the storna11 clrahiage ,system. Related Multivariate Analysis Findings 03.111e1? Shol1' Slgl ?rfrcawly higher airarel ?ess thali irolneli that the drahis ol? city Streets for Storlmrater are 1 ?ot col ?1 ?ected to the Salne Sal ?marl' Seirer b1'Steln used for treating humal? iraste (1) .001, C'ramer's V .29x). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 583% 41.7% Female 28.7% 713% 41 Priority 2 Issues: From 50 -80% Correct Answers p t'' �?i 1111 Priority 2 Issues represent areas of knowledge or behavior where at least half of the public knows what is correct. Thirteen issues made this list (see Table 2 on the next page) which constitutes 48.1% of the 27 issues tested. While this more desirable level of public knowledge is a step in the right direction, more can and needs to be done to further raise the public's level of knowledge. These areas continue to represent genuine opportunities for reducing surface water pollution in stormwater runoff. Overall, the Priority 2 list shows a good deal of similarity in the rank of issues indicating that respondents in both cities are similarly informed regarding these stormwater subjects. However, the degree to which residents in Kent are informed about some issues did vary a good deal compared to Tukwila. Differences between cities in the percent of correct responses ranged from a low of 2.0% to a high of 15.0 For example, Kent residents appeared to be less aware than Tukwila residents that all water in a stormwater drain is not treated (44.1% correct answers for Kent, 59.1% correct for Tukwila). Two issues on the Priority 2 list should be included among the Priority 1 items as issues that are fundamental to generating increased responsible action in the public domain. The first issue is the fact that about half of the respondents in the Region were not aware that all water going into stormwater drains is not treated before being discharged into the environment. Correcting this lack of understanding can be a major step forward to expanded public recognition and alertness to actions that contribute to surface water pollution and to subsequent behavioral improvement. Awareness of the problem is the first necessary step on the road to behavioral change. The second issue on the Priority 2 list that should be elevated to Priority 1 is knowledge of the definition of an illicit discharge. About four out of ten respondents overall were not aware that anything in stormwater other than water is pollution. As a beginning point and a key precursor for positive action, knowing the definition of an illicit discharge will help individuals make better decisions regarding how to protect stormwater quality when facing new situations with a potential for creating pollution. For this issue, Kent residents appeared to be better informed than Tukwila residents (67.2% correct responses for Kent vs. 58.5% for Tukwila). 42 Table 2. PHorit3 2 Issues_foN Public Education Rank for Question Correct Responses by Area Education Region Bent Tukwila 0. All water going into stormwater arams on 8 the street is treated before being discharged 51.1% 44.1% 59.1% into the environment. D 8 7 9 9 4. Stormwater runoff is the leading cause of 59.3% 56.1% 60.7% pollution in rivers, wetlands and lakes. A 9 9 10 17. Washing a vehicle at a commercial car wash causes less pollution than washing a 60% 58.9% 62.5% 10 vehicle on the street using a biodegradable 10 10 12 soap. A 18. The best place to dispose of water from 60.7% 59.5% 64.0% 11 cleaning a Latex paint brush is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A 11 11 13 29. An illicit or unlawful stormwater discharge is primarily defined as anything that 62.1% 67.2% 58.5% 12 enters a storm drain system that is not made up 12 13 8 entirely of stormwater. A 13 20. Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs 64.3% 66.6% 61.5% pose little risk for polluting stormwater. D 13 12 11 10. Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off 69.3% 73.3% 67.2% 14 is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater 14 18 14 runoff. D 7. Hard surfaces such as roads and driveways 71.1% 69.9% 71.9% 15 are not significant sources of pollution in stormwater. D 15 15 15 16 27. Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely 73.0% 69.2% 77.4% added to a stormwater drain. D 16 14 16 17 23. Using a mulching lawnmower reduces the 74.7% 78.0% need to fertilize a lawn. A 17 .`r 17 11 All of my family's auto or truck parts with 7 /0 o 72.2 /o o rr�, t 18 oil or grease on them are stored under a roof or 76. a r cover. A Adapt 18 17 22. The downspouts at my house convey the r� r 71.1% 19 water to an area where it is absorbed by the 16 ground. A Adopt 9. The best way to clean up spilled oil on the 20 driveway is to fully absorb it using kitty fitter or paper towels and deposit this waste in a g arbage can. A� *Blue indicates a question dealing frith 11 the respondent does. Percents app/l. 0111. to respondents who suit] the question applied to them. 43 Related Multivariate Analysis Findings 06. Women showed siglai fwantly less awareness than mere that all water going into stornnvater drahis is not treated bgbre being clischarged hit0 the eiwiromnent (p .003, Cralner's V— .206). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 612% 40.6% Female 40.7% 59.4% 017.111er1 were signifwantly more a vare than women that washing a c at a c•ommel•c•ial c•al• wash creates less pO11IItiorl than washing a c on the street with biodegradable soap (p 027, Cramer 's V .133). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 67.6% 32.4% Female 52.5% 47.5% 027.111e1? sholl'ed slgl ?rf real ?tll' highel' ctll'areneSS c01??pared t011'Ol ??el? tl?at ca1'pet shal??p00 ii cannotsafely be added to a storlrlii drain (p .033, Cralner's V .130). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 79.6% 20.4% Female 66.3% 33.7% 029.111er1 were signifwantly more a vare than women that ail illicit or irnJrna fill stornnvater discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a sto171111 drain system/ that is clot made rip entirely of storlr water (p 004, O'alner 's V—. 200). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 71.8% 28.2% Female 52.5% 47.5% 44 Cities Vary in Correct Knowledge about Priority 2 Issues Figure 4 compares the percent of correct responses given by citizens in each city for all Priority 2 issues. Respondents living in Tukwila showed a higher percent of correct responses across Priority 2 issues (70.0 than did respondents living in Kent (66.0 Figure 4: Percent Correct Responses to PHoritI7 2 I.ssrues ky Area Priority 2 Issues: Average Percent Correct Responses 0' i��3 t� �i�t� �I�i �'r �k Region Kent OWM966.0 Tukwila 70.0% 64.0% 65.0% 66.0% 67.0% 68.0 69.0 70.0% 71.0% 72.0 Educational Messages Are Needed for These Issues In order of importance, the following messages should be included in educational programming on a regional basis: All water going into storrllivater drains is not treated before being discharged into the el ?Tirol nel ?t. Stormvater rimoff is the leading caltse qfl)olhttiorl ill rimers, w etlarlds arld lakes. Therefore, to reduce el ?Tirol ?bier ?tal po111ltio1 the challen to the colrll ??ullitl' is to hell) keep stormirater rwiq� fpollrrtiori flee. Washing a 1 at a commercial car wash c•ailses lessl)olhttiorl than washing a 1 at holne with biodegradable soap. The best place to clear? pallet brushes is 11l a shik that Bran ?s hito the sal ?Mary seller sl'stcnz, `lot outdoors. Al? illicit or wilaii fld discharge is al ?I'thin that ew a storm draiii sl that is 1 ?ot made ill) elitlrely of storlriwater. The residue from chemical treatments that kill moss is a soitrc•e ofl)olhttioii. Al)l)lving soap to oil wed grease spots oil outdoor coiicrete or asphalt wed rhising it off with a hose is riot a good method forl)rotec•tirig storrili1 rimoff. Hard site faces are sigliific•aiit c•oritribittors tol)olhttiorl ill stornnvater ritrioff. Herne, it is itilportal ?t to keel) hard s111 faces cleari usin acceptable cleanin techiiiq les aml where l)ossible, c•om inil)el site faces tol)el site faces. C'all)et shaml)oo wastell c•ailsesl)olhttioii to the eiwirorinieiit acid should riot be disposed of ire a stormirater draiii. 45 A mulching lal9'1 ?lraol9wer reduces the wed for using fertilizer wid heave, represews a valuable method for elimiraatirag er• polllltiora ill stor•11111 Store auto or truckparts with oil or grease oli them wider a roof or• corer. Direct dow`aspollts to areas ora land where the rllraoff will be absorbed br the grollrad to avoid the water el ?tering the stor nivater systelra. C i p oil wid grease spots oli outdoor cowrete or asphalt with soap wid absorb the residue using kitty litter or paper towels which should theca be disposed of ill the garbage care. 46 Priority 3 Issues: Higher than 80% Correct Answers vvv® The remaining seven issues (25.9% of the 27 issues tested) deal with specific practices respondents reported engaging in. High uniformity in rank and percent of correct answers given by residents in the two cities can be seen in Table 3 below, indicating that residents in the two cities are quite similar in how they deal with these issues in their lives. While respondents indicated in high percentages that they engage in these positive behaviors, a question can be raised whether this is actually the case or whether respondents are simply providing the recognized, and socially acceptable correct answer. What this data indicates is that at least respondents are quite aware of the proper actions to take if not actually practicing them. Since a high percentage of respondents say they are already practicing these desirable behaviors, dollars spent to further raise public awareness and promote behavioral change in these areas will have a rather small target market— namely, the 4% to 20% of the population in the Region who are not currently engaging in these desirable behaviors. Because the number of people is so small, the ability to raise the percent of correct responses in these areas will be much more difficult to achieve and document compared to Priority 1 and Priority 2 issues. Table 3. PHorith 3 Issues for Public Ethicutiou Rank for Question Correct Responses by Area Education Region Kent Tukwila ,:$�st., ^gyp 3. M household recycles all used motor nil- A 0.E >�`p�'kl" t t1�; %�.t, ,�.;;�,.1�Y:, �i,�.: 8 /o 1 y y ui`�: {`,aa+.. y� >.�;1,., c�'.,,_, tq 7 F,,.s,�, 21 Adopt 22 11. If my car or truck is dripping oil, I make sure the leak is filed within three weeks. A Adopt Wst �,f l M��,hl +y 23 8. When I am outside with my pet, I always pick 93 5 „1s r, u,y 4,., +;\,r'r up my pet's waste. A Adopt 4 ;,,i„ va, t 26 ,t +t 26. In the past 12 months, I may have used more 9 0 v "fit; o ,9 u f,jM 93.2 24 fertilizer or applied it more frequently than the 24 \1 label directions require. D Adopt ;,ly;,,;,!,1 r isli;,, „E 25 25 25. In the past 12 months, I may have applied a 91.1% 92.0% higher dose of insecticide or weed killer around 25 25 0 24 my house than the directions say to use. D Adopt 26 14. My family stores all containers holding oil o� 92.0% 91 b' /o 93.2% antifreeze under a roof or cover. A Adopt II 26 '24 26 24. My household stores all yard fertilizers and 95 94.5% 98.2% 27 pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. A Adopt 27 27 7 Blue 1n(licates a question Cleallng Irith ll'hat the resj?olulent COPS. Percents ajy I Onll' to resj?olulents 11'170 Sai(I the question alyViccl to them. 47 On average, respondents living in Kent and Tukwila showed a similar level of high compliance with Priority 3 behaviors which are friendly to stormwater. Figure 5: Percent Correct Responses to Priority 3 Issues by Area Priority 3 Issues: Average Percent Correct Responses Region owft"S�89.40% Kent 90.10% ML" Tukwila 86.0% 87.0% 88.0% 89.0% 90.0% 91.0% 92.0% Practices Because of their already high awareness, one may assume that minimal social marketing needs to be done in these areas. Given the potential for negatively impacting stormwater which these items represent, however, it remains advisable to continue educating the public on these issues but at a lower level of emphasis compared to Priority I and 2 issues. The messages to be communicated are: Recycle Iffecl motor oil. Fix auto or truck oil leaks within three weeks. Pick itl)l)et waste wheii oittvicle. Apply fertilizer at reconnnemled rates. Aj)j)/v i11Ne('ti('i(1('N or weed killer at recommended rates Store cowahiers holding oil or aiitrfi wicler a roof or coyer. Store all Yard fertilizers widpesticicles hisicle a building or hi a col area out of ram. 48 Related Multivariate Analysis Findings 021.111era were sigraificaratly more likely thara women to report that them store all of their household's fertilizers wid pesticides ire a building or co> area (p .038, Cralner U .160). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 98.9% 1.1% Female 92.5% 7.5% All Issues: Overall Percent Correct Responses is Very Uniform Figure 6 shows the average percent of correct responses for all questions for Kent and Tukwila. The average number of correct responses for the two cities combined was 66.0 The difference overall between the two cities in the number of correct responses was only 42 Overall, Tukwila residents provided a higher percent of correct responses and appeared slightly more knowledgeable about the broad spectrum of stormwater issues tested in this research. Figure 6: Percent Correct Responses Across All Questions by Area Percent Correct of all Responses :.�n� li; i t �4 r}�f j} 3 \i�t u1;��` ^4 1 q�� j w E 4 t 1.��3 �'t�' Region a ���il��� y�>l��iii� �uyt�, o 66.0 Kent Ae4 ft64.3'/0 Tukwila 68.5% 62.0% 63.0 64.0% 65.0% 66.0% 67.0 68.0% 69.0% 70.0°l 49 Reporting an Illicit Discharge ca �On� .�C�ay.��ns1ti1S1;x+,�21'��Et To report an illicit discharge, respondents would call a variety of agencies with only 19.0% of Kent residents and 24.0% of Tukwila residents calling their City Public Works Department, the correct choice. If paint thinner in the stormwater system is regarded as a genuine emergency and 911 is included as a correct choice, then 35.6% of Kent respondents and 383% of Tukwila residents would have provided a correct answer. The fact that more than six out of ten respondents said they needed more information or would call an inappropriate agency such as the Department of Ecology, it is apparent that a good deal of public education is needed if illicit discharges are to be reported to the proper agency in the future. The following graph presents the responses by individual city. Fi gu re 7. Reporting an Illicit Discharge Q30. If you witnessed someone pouring a gallon of used paint thinner into a stormwater drain, which agency would you call first to report it? 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 d i I I i i The Washington Department of Ecology I The police department I J The city Public Works 1 Department 0 Region 911 I jl 11 Tukwila •Kent I Need more information I I I J Iwould not ;report ;it I I Don't Know /Refused The actual percent of responses given by respondents in each city appears in Table 4 below. Table 4. Percent Reporting an Illicit Discharge to an Agency by City and Region Agency Region Kent Tukwila The Washington Department of Ecology I 28.6% I 25.0% I 32.1% The Police Department 7.0% 5.7% 7.7% The Citv_ Public Works Department 21.4% 19.0 24.0% 911 14.5% 16.6% 143% Need more information I 20.4% I 23.9% I 16.1% I N-,-ould not Report it 2.8 2.7% 23% Don't Knov Refiised I 3.1% I 3.9% I 1.7% 50 City of Kent Priority 1 Issues: 50% or Less Correct Answers Knowledge and Practices All Priority 1 questions for the City of Kent are shown in Table 5 below. These issues represent the areas which need the most attention. In order of importance, the following messages should be included in educational programming: Biodegradable soap is riot a safe addition to stornnvater drains and should be kept f onl ewerin the Storinivater drahiage Svsteln. The prinlarw cause of polhttiora ill stornzlvater r imoffs is hiclivichial human activity, clot n ?dnstrlal dnln1fi Success ni redncn ?g el ?vlronlnew polllltloli depemld llpol? everiviie 'S particrpatiol? ni hellfing to hake a dlffel'el ?Ce. Bricks or pavers help to r•echice the vollmle of stormwater rnmgff arld therefore, help to reduce Stormirater polllltlol? ni the el ?vlrwilnel ?t. Wash vorn car in an area iche1e the soapy rnnoff���ill be absorbed by the ground or take von/* car to a commercial car ivash. Soalnv ivater should riot be allowed to flow into the street or into a drainage ditch. The ivater n? Stormirater drahis 1S 1 ?ot col ?1 ?ected to the Saliitary Seiver sv.steln 1 ?or 1S all stornnvater treated to remove polhltants before being released into the eiivironment. Therefore, the quality of Stormirater goi n ?to the d1 all ?age Svsteln is ichat detern?n ?es the level ofpolhrtion in surface ivater. Sediment is polhltiorl and should be prevented from entering the stormwater drainage systeln. All ivater going hito StorJnivater drahis 1S not treated before being discharged 11 ?to the environment. Grass clippings and leaves ill stor11111 are regarded as polhltiorl and should be kept out of the Stormirater drahiage Svsteln. 51 Table 5. Priority 1 Issues for Public Education Rank for Education Question Correct Responses fx v e w v j J �1 h §t v ,�1 \4h sill �atv I 1 The runoff from was a Car ii "ltl] v p `l s p f i 'k `SF1l a' W 1 1 1111111111` 11 11 biode soap 1S safe In StOTIIl�� "ater drains. D n0 28. Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for L �r 2 reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt pavement. 5. Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound is more the result of industrial 3 dumping practices than individual human activity. D 16, When I wash a motor vehicle at home, the 2 U 4 soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the street. D Adopt 4 3. Drains on city streets for stornnwater are 4U.6% 5 connected to the same sanitan sewer system used for treating human waste. D 5 6 21. Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural and 41.6% not regarded as pollution. D 6 6. All water going into stornnwater drains on the 44. 7 street is treated before being discharged into the environment. D 7 8 19. Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as 46.5% harn]ful in stornlwater. D 8 *Blue iriclicates a questimi dealing Intl tinlzcit the resporulerit sloes. Percents apply ortly to resporulerits tinlzo Said the questimi applied to dierii Related Multivariate Analysis Findings for Kent 03.111eii were significantly more snare than women that drains on c•itt' streets are not c•owlec•te(l to saiiitari' saver sVstenis (1) .001, Cramer',s V Gender Correct Incorrect Male 57.5% 423% Female 23.5% 76.5% 06. Women showed significantly less aivareiiess than meii that all water going into stornnvater drains is riot treated before being dis(•hargecl into the ein (1) .00 1, Cramer's I .285). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 57.7% 423% Female 29.4% 70.6% 52 City of Kent Priority 2 Issues: 50% 80% Correct Answers et, g�l"',; x Knowledge and Practices All Priority 2 questions for the City of Kent are shown in Table 6 below. Although not as important as Priority 1 messages, Priority 2 areas retain importance in their ability to significantly reduce water pollution. In order of importance, the following messages should be included in educational programming: S'tO1'11111'atel' 1'111 ?Off is the leadin cause Of po1111tiOii ill rivers, ivedwi wi lakes. There ,fore, to rechic•e eill'il oiiiiieiital polllitioii, the challenge to the (•o11111111llitl' is to hell) keel) stornnvater riirloffl)olliitioii flee. Washin a vehicle at a commercial car ivash causes less po1111tiOii thaii ivashin a vehicle at home with biodegradable soap. The best place to c•leail pahit brushes is ill a silik that dlrahls hito the sallitarl' selver systeln, iiot outdoors. The resichie front chemical treatnlews that kill moss is a source ofpolliltioll. Ali illicit or wilal4fld discharge is al ?I'thin that ew a storm draiii systenl that is llot made ill) of ewirell' stor1111vater. C'all)et shampoo lvastelVater c•allses polhlti011 to the ein nTew Gild should Plot be disposed of hi a stormirater draiii. Hard slit faces are slglTlCalTt cOlTtriblitors tOl)olllit101T ill stO1'1111vatel' rlirlo ff Helice, it is importaw to keel) hard slit faces c•leali lisilig acceptable c•leaWng techi iques wid ichere possible, com impervious su faces to pervious su faces. Dilectdovlispolrts to areas oil lardlchele the rlrlioffl��ill be absorbed by the gro1111d to avoid the ivater entering the stor11119'ater NVNtena. Store auto or truckparts ivith oil or grease oil theln wider a roof or cover. Applying soap to oil gild grease .spots oil outdoor c•om -rete or asphalt gild rilzsilig it off ivith a hose is riot a good Inethod for protecting stornlivater i•1111Off. A mulchin laivii mover reduces the iieed fOr Usin fel'tili'er wid het ?ce, represew a valuable method elinliiiatiiig tili.:er l)olllitiori ill stor1111vater. Oeaii irp oil wid grease spots oil outdoor coiicrete or asphalt ivith soap wid absorb the residue lisilig kitty litter or paper towels lvhic•h should then be disposed of ill the garbage call. 53 Table 6. Priority 2 Issues for Public Education Rank for Education Question Correct Responses 9 Stormvater runoff is the leading cause of 56.1% pollution in livers, wetlands and lakes. A 9 17. Washing a vehicle at a commercial car wash 58 10 causes less pollution than washing a vehicle on the street using a biodegradable soap. A 111 19. The best place to dispose of water from 11 cleaning a Latex paint brash is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A 11 12 20. Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose 66.6% little risk for polluting stormvater. D 12 29. An illicit or unlaii fun stormm titer discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm 67.2% 13 drain system that is not made up entirely- of 13 stormvater. A 14 27. Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely 69.� added to a stornllwater drain. D 1=4 7. Hard surfaces such as roads and driveways are 69.9% 15S not significant sources of pollution in storllwater. D 15 22. The downspouts at my house convey the water 71.1 16 to. an area where it is absorbed by the ground. A Adopt 16 12; All of my family's auto or truck parts with oil 72.2% 17 or grease on them are stored under a roof or cover. A Adopt 17 10. Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a 73.3% 18 good way to prevent polluting stormvater runoff. 1 g D 23. Using a mulching lawmllower reduces the need smo to fertilize a lawn. A 9. The best way to clean up spilled oil on the driveway is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or 20 paper towels and deposit this waste in a garbage Call. A *Blue indicates a giiestiort dealing with 11 the resportdertt does. Percents apple. 0111. to respondents who suit] the giiestiort applied to them 54 Related Multivariate Analysis Findings for Kent 010.111eri were significantly more cnvare than women that scrubbing oil acid grease spots oil outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is not a good ival, to prevent polluting stoririwater runoff (p .006, Crairier's V—.272). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 84.9% 15.1% Female 60.8% 39.2% 023.111eri were sigriifwaiitly more cnvare than womeii that using a mulc-hing lalvnmolver reduces the need to fertili.:e a Jcnivi (p .005, C'ramer',s V .27x). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 86.8% 13.2% Female 62.7% 37.3% 029.111eri were significantly more cnvare than woirzeri that aii illicit or iirdMti fill stormwater discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a sto171111 drain sy,steria that is riot made rip entirely of storir water (p .001, Crairier's V .341). Gender Correct Incorrect Male 83.0% 17.0% Female 51.0% 49.0% 55 City of Kent Priority 3 Issues: Higher than 80% Correct Answers Knowledge and Practices A high percentage of respondents in Dent gave the correct responses to seven questions regarding behaviors that are protective of stormwater. This suggests that high compliance with recommended actions is already taking place. Given the nature of the items tested, however, improvement in these practices is still desirable and should remain a goal. Education should communicate the following actions to the public: Recycle use(' motor oil. Fix auto or truck oil leaks lrithirl three lreeks. Aj)j)A` fel-tili.:el- at reeonmleml'e(l rates. S'tol'e cowaillers hol(hlTg oil of aiitl fl'ee.:e II Der a roof of collff. Aj)j)/ iliseetieicl'es or lree(l killer at reeonmleml'e(l rates. Pick 111)1)et lrciste lrherl olit, iOe. Store all ar(l fertili.:ers a ii('I)estieicl'es itisicl'e ci builcl'itig or in ci eoyerecl area out of the raill. Table 7. Priority 3 Issues for Public Education Rank for Education Question Correct Responses 21 13. My household recycles all used motor oil. A Adopt 22 11. If m y car or truck dripping oil, I make sure 4 c k i <�y� „��r, ,r��,� the leak is fixed within three weeks. A Adopt 26. In the ast 12 months, I may have used more p Y 23 fertilizer or applied it more fre l uent 1�I� q y than the t �,Si,,S label directions require. D Adopt 24 14. My family stores all containers holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover, A Adopt 24 25. In the past 12 months, I may have applied a 92.0% 2� higher dose of insecticide or weed killer around my 25 house than the directions say to use. D Adopt 26 8. When I am outside with my pet, I always pick up 93.8% my pet's waste. A Adopt 26 24. My household stores all yard fertilizers and 94.5 27 pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. A Adopt Bhle 111C11cates U pestio11 dealiii T Irith 11 the respo11C1e11t does. Perce11ts apj?) l' olill' to respoilde11ts 11 Said the pestion applied to them 56 City of Kent Awareness of The Clean Water Project ir Only 28.6% of respondents in Kent agreed with the statement that the city is carrying out The (lead Water Project. Nearly all other respondents said they did not know or needed more information. The City of Kent is currently carrying out a program called The Clean Water Project. Aware 28.6% Not Aware 71.4% 57 City of Tukwila Priority 1 Issues: 50% or Less Correct Answers Knowledge and Practices All Priority 1 questions for the City of Tukwila are shown in Table 8 below. These issues represent the areas which need the most attention. In order of importance, the following messages should be included in educational programming: Biodegradable soap is riot a safe addition to stornnvater drains aml shollld be kept f on1 ewerin the Storinivater drahiage Svsteln. Bricks or pavers Delp to r•echice the vollmle of stormwater rimgff arld therefore, Delp to reduce Stormirater polllltiol? ni the emirO1 ?met ?t. 111e11'11 ??ar1' Ca1lSe Of pO1111t1O1? 11? StO1'1 ??l1'atel' 1'111 ?Offs is hiclivichlal humal? activity, 1 1ot irachrstrial damping. Success hi rechichig erlvirolnnerltal polhltiorl clepemis 1q)or1 everVO1 ?e 'S particrpatiol? ni helpn ?g to make a dlffel'eJ ?Ce. Wash vorn car ire are area iche1 e the soapy rrrrioff'���ill be absorbed by the grorrr�d or take von/* car to a commercial car ivash. Soalnv ivater should riot be allowed to flow into the street or into a drainage ditch. The ivater n? Stormirater drahis 1S 1 ?ot col ?1 ?ected to the Saliitary Seiver SVSteln 1 ?Or 1S all stornnvater treated to remove polhltarlts before being released into the eiivirownerlt. Therefore, the quality of Stormirater goi n ?tO the d1 a11 ?age Svsteln is ichat detern?n ?es the level ofpolhrtioli ire surface ivater. Grass clippings aml leaves i11 stor11111 are regarded as polhltiorl aml should be kept out Of the Stormirater Bran ?age Svsteln. 58 Table 8. Priority 1 Issues for Public Education Rank for Education Question Correct Responses t t�t v�vt ti r ttA 7 ii t t�l� ��r�t�tt��tr t 15. The runoff from washing a car 11lth 1t tv sF y t vt'c tRt�it��i biodegradable Soap is Safe in Storinivater dratins D iff" 29. Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for 2 reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt pavement. D m„ 5. Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound is more the result of industrial 3 dumping practices than individual human activity. D, 16. When I wash a motor vehicle at home the 45 4 soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the street. D 4 Adopt 3. Drains on city streets for storinwater are 46.5% 5 connected to the same sanitan sewer system used for treating human waste. D 5 6 19. Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as 50.0% harmful in storimvater. D 6 *Blue indicates a clttestiort dealing with 11 the resPortdertt does. Percents app/l. 0111. to resPortdertts who suit] the clttestiort applied to them Related Multivariate Analysis Findings for Tukwila 03. Alm show slgii f1caiitly higher C1wareiieSS thaii womeii that the c1rahis oii tiff str'eetS for stor'inivater are iiot col ?Iiected to the Saine Saiiitary seiver svvein used for' treatin humaii waste (1) .016, C'r •tree 's V Gender Correct Incorrect Male 58.0% 42.0% Female 34.0% 66.0% 59 City of Tukwila Priority 2 Issues: 50% 80% Correct Answers Knowledge and Practices All Priority 2 questions for the City of Tukwila are shown in Table 9 below. Although not as important as Priority 1 messages, Priority 2 areas retain importance in their ability to significantly reduce water pollution. In order of importance, the following messages should be included in educational programming: .S'edilnew is polllltiOii wi shoulcl be preview f oin ewerin the storlrnivater drail ?age systenl. Ali illicit or 11111alti fill discharge is ailvthing that eiltel•s a stol•m drain systeril that is clot 1 rlade irp Of ew irely stormirater. All 11'ater going into storrillnater clr•ahls is not treated before being discharged into the eiivirOmneiit. StO1'1r111'atel' 1'111 ?Off is the leadin cause Of polhltiOii ill rivers, ivetlam ai lakes. Therefore, to r•echic•e ein'il•oiiiiieiital polllitioii, the challenge to the coli1n11iilitl' is to help keep storlinvater rwiq� fpolhrtiori free. The resichie fi•olrl chemical treatInews that kill Irloss is a solace of'polhrtioil. Washing a vehicle at a commercial car leash c•allses less polhitiorl than ivashing a vehicle at holrle ivith biodegradable soap. The best place to c•leaii paint brushes is ill a sink that clrahls into the sanitary seiner• s1'stelll, Plot O11000rs. Applving soap to oil wid grease spots oil outdoor coiicrete or asphalt wid rhising it off tnith a hose is clot a good method for IvOtec•tirig storri111 r•imoff. Hard slit faces are sigliific•aiit c•orltl•iblitol•s to polhitiorl ill stornnnater rimgff. Herne, it is 11?1l)ortaw to keel) hard su faces cleaii usin acceptable cleaiiin techi aml ichere possible, com irnivI slit faces to pel'PZOIls slit faces. C'alpet shampoo tnastelVater c•allses polhitioii to the eiivirowneiit aml should riot be disposed of ire a storlinvater draiii. A mulching lcnniimower rediic•es the need for lisirig fertili.:er arld, heiic•e, represents a valuable 1 rlethod fOr eliliiiiiatii fei tili'ei polllltiOii ill storlinvater. 60 Table 9. Priority 2 Issues for Public Education Rank for Education Question Correct Responses 7 21. Sediment or dirt in storini ater is natural and 53.' not regarded as pollution. D 7 29. An illicit or uld mrfid stormirater discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm 58.5% 8 drain system that is not made up entirely of 8 stormvater. A 6. All eater going into stormvater drains on the 59.1% 9 street is treated before being discharged into the environment. D 9 s 10 4. Stormvater runoff is the leading cause of 60.7% pollution in rivers, wetlands and lakes. A 10 11 20. Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose 61.5% little risk for polluting stornnwater. D 11 17. Washing a vehicle at a connnercial car wash x% 12 causes less pollution than washing a vehicle on the 6 12 street using a biodegradable soap. A 1 18. The best place to dispose of water from 64.0% 13 cleaning a Latex paint brash is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A 1 10. Scrnbbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a 672% 1 good way to prevent polluting stormvater runoff. 14 D 7. Hard surfaces such as roads and driveways are 71'9% 15 not significant sources of pollution in stormvater. D 15 16 27. Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely 77.4% added to a storini ater drain. D 16 17 23. Using a mulching lawmnower reduces the 78% need to fertilize a lawn. A 17 *Bhie indicates a question dealing with 11 11at the resPortdertt does. Percents app/l 0111. to resPortdertts who suit] the question applied to them 61 City of Tukwila Priority 3 Issues: Higher than 80% Correct Answers Knowledge and Practices A high percent of respondents in Tukwila gave the correct responses to ten questions regarding behaviors that are protective of stormwater. This suggests that high compliance with recommended actions is already taking place. Given the nature of the items tested, however, improvement in these practices is still desirable and should remain a goal. Education should communicate the following actions to the public: Recycle used motor oil. Clean irp oil grad grease spots ora outdoor com -rete or asphalt With soap aml absorb the resichte using kith,` litter or• paper• toirels ichich should them be disposed of ire the garbage cati. Store auto or truck parts irith oil or grease ora them wider a roof or comer. Pick i p all pet iraste icheii outside. Fix auto or truck oil leaks within three weeks. Directdoirrispoarts to areas ors landichere the rarrioff���ill be absorbed by the gro1111d to avoid the crater ei ?tern ?g the stormmwater systeita. Apphv insecticides or weed killer at recom memled rates. Apply fertilizer at recon nnemled rates. Store coratahiers holding oil or aratifree.:e cinder a roof or comer. Store all Yard fertilizers wed pesticides hiSide a building or hi a col area out of the raiii. 62 Table 10. Priority 3 Issues for Public Education Rank for Education Question Correct Responses 18 13. My household recycles all used motor oil, A 80.3% Adopt 18 7. Th e best way t0 clean up spill oil on the driveway 1S t0 frilly absorb It using kitih l ater of 19 a er towels and dep osit this waste in a garbage p aper 11 p p p b b Call. A1,.:,. 12. All of my family's auto or truck parts with oil 20 or grease on them are stored under a roof or cover. A Adopt ub, fiat ..,,,.t..,,, +r +,.�..Yi „p�, ".,;a i {S i' i' L' l_ijr 8. When I am outside with my pet, I always pick up m ets waste. A Adopt y p 1 22 11. If my car or truck is dripping oil, I make sure the leak is fixed within three weeks. A Adopt 22, The downspouts at my house convey the water 23 to an area where it is absorbed by the ground. A Adopt 25. In the past 12 months, I may have applied a �1 1 "/d 24 higher dose of insecticide or weed killer around my� house than the directions say to use. D Adopt 26. In the past 12 months, I may have used more o 25S fertilizer or applied it more frequently than the 93.2 /o label directions require. D Adopt 25 26 14. My family stores all containers holding oil or 932% antifreeze under a roof or cover, A Adopt 26 24. My household stores all yard fertilizers and A.2% 27 pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out 77 of the rain. A Adopt Bhic 111C11CUtes U giiest1011 dealiiig with 11'11Ut the respoildelit COPS'. Percelits apj?) l' 01111' t0 respoildelits 11'110 Said the question applied to them 63 Conclusions and Recommendations taAAA n �C�aF .v.��nS1ti1S1;x+,�4�SI1��Et` t It is clear that the residents living in Kent and Tukwila do not regard the water in our rivers, wetlands, and lakes, and in the marine waters of Puget Sound as "extremely clean" (meaning free from pollution) nor "extremely polluted." The distribution of opinions across the rating scale suggests the public tends to either think of these waters as being somewhat clean, or to be uncertain regarding the level of pollution due to receiving a mix of both positive and negative information. Effort is needed to more definitively educate the public as to the level of pollution in these waters which can serve as a motivation for change. The public in these two cities shows varying degrees of knowledge regarding key issues for controlling stormwater pollution. In many cases, respondents lacked awareness of basic information which substantiates the need for public education programming. Results for Priority 1 Issues also show a high level of similarity in the two cities in what citizens know and do not know. The results are also very similar to the results from the same survey conducted in fourteen other cities in Snohomish, King, Pierce and Lewis Counties from the summer of 2009 through the spring of 2011. Results show that the public needs to be better informed regarding current levels of pollution in surface waters. Awareness of the problem is the first step to motivating action. Educational programming should raise the public's consciousness by highlighting the detrimental nature of surface water pollution, the threats current levels pose and the negative or destructive outcomes that currently result. Second, programming should help to establish a common vision of pollution -free rivers, wetlands, and lakes and a healthier Puget Sound as the goal to be achieved. Third, the direct and indirect positive outcomes of maintaining pristine conditions in surface waters and in Puget Sound should be highlighted —these are all the good things that will result. Fourth, the means of achieving these outcomes—meaning the helpful practices individuals can implement —need to be presented through effective social marketing practices in a way that is interesting, immediately understandable, convincing, and memorable and is able to tap into the beliefs, values and emotional benefits that will motivate behavioral change. Social marketing programs that provide a practical means to help people overcome obstacles to change will likely be most successful in modifying behavior. Since Priority 1 Issues show the lowest correct knowledge in the Kent /Tukwila Region, these subject areas offer an opportunity where success in improving the public's knowledge and subsequent behavior can be most directly realized and documented. Educational messaging should communicate the following Priority 1 messages: Biodegradable soap is iiot a safe addition to stormirater drains wid should be kep ftoin riirailing into the stor11111 drainage, ivstenz. Bricks or pai Delp to reduce the i of storilalvater riiraoff arad therefore, Delp to rechice stormirater polliltioi? hi the em ?t. The prinaary cause ofpolhitiora ill stornzlvater riiraoff is hidiilchial human actii rant hichistrial clulnpn ?g. Success hi recluchig enil ?tal pollittioii depemld i poi? ei 's participatioi? hi helpn ?g to i ?crake a differ er ?Ce. 64 Wash your car in an area ichere the soapv runoff'���ill be absorbed by the ground or take hour car to a commercial car irash. Soaj?v irater• shoulcl riot be alloirecl to .floij, into the street or into a drainage ditch. The crater hi Stormirater Branis is not connected to the Sal ?marl' Seirer s1 nor is all stornnvater treated to renzoiv polhltants before being released into the e1wironnlent. There bre, the quality of Stormirater going hito the drall ?age Svsteln is ichat deternilies the level ofpolhrtion in sll face crater. Seclitneiit is pollittioii and should be preVented frorll entering the storlrllvater drainage si "stem. Grass clippings and leaves in stormirater are regarded as pollution and should be kept out of the stor11111 drainage system. Priority 1 issues should be communicated in repeated educational messaging. Social marketing seeks to produce behavioral change which means learning new ways of acting. Learning requires repetition (practice). Hence, important messages need to be repeated through different communication channels and at different times to effectively promote assimilation and bring about change over time. As mentioned previously, practical programs that help citizens to overcome obstacles to change or reduce the "cost' for citizens in changing their behavior (such as reducing the amount it costs citizens to use a commercial car wash) offer the greatest potential for bringing about positive results. The rank order of Priority 2 issues showed high similarity between the two cities, more so than for Priority 1 issues. Two issues appearing on the Priority 2 list should be included among the Priority 1 items because of their standing as knowledge that is fundamental to improving behavior: the understanding that all water going into stormwater drains is not treated before being discharged into the environment, and, second, the definition of an illicit discharge. Both concepts serve as precursors to increasing positive action. Messaging also needs to focus on establishing the concept that everyone is responsible for reducing pollution in surface waters. The public shows the highest level of correct knowledge regarding Priority 3 issues which primarily involved actual behaviors. At minimum, this finding demonstrates a wide public understanding of the right actions. At best, it indicates the public has adopted and is already widely practicing these desirable behaviors. Continued messaging is recommended regarding these issues, with less intensity than for Priority 1 and 2 Issues, to reinforce, maintain and extend positive action. 65 C�j Cn C�j u h f C�j I O C anytml�l Cj M V1 N <<ttry y N y Y Y c+ V1 N YC a pul!u N 0 0 0 0 N a i..w W Y U 4-i a pJ 0 ^I CH E b E 6 d cn Zs C�j 2 s� -r, F a c 6 6 U •--I 75 8 66 r .w U I�tpj{M tl �y� m MEE o� p v p sbv� a ro� o a rvv ��v yv v N o o�0 o i.� go t fi b °Nod 000 dad �o oap S O~ i a v v o°u y N v d .a G m m y o5p 'd as w A" arty ^J O C a ��c "y R y A U o� a �O y 0 0 Q x td O r e p N ttl p R, Ttl 'tl ti O N 6� ti o b w 67 �Ltl {,4Va fi 1Vs 1 r/1 H I M A a r t s ,tl 4 •^I f i,ii4ti t� ,'xl 4 yti I�iid t 11 t t t• �s p I` 9tCU y jc` Is a 51 `k, CC \p� l ,LiV \Li i lb aytf�i� o, a� n r.. U y1 al Fi MW t O E NT? L \lu ago Mac 43 tiA d dE�I: 1t A-V Ky .....d,.S- %iv •,'i"�e `a5? ,n,�,,,f Ltig�, C, 5 ,S f 1 N,' �I r i t nu b V1 CY �d M� e9 K C ^y p O b W 68 THE CITY OF KENT STORMWATER COMMUNITY SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE MARCH, 2011 \unY `i i R I3.4 Hello, my name is and I am calling on behalf of the City of Bent. [IF SPEAKING TO A CHILD] May I speak to someone who is at least 18 years of age? Thank you. [RE- INTRODUCE YOURSELF] Hello, my naive is and I ain calling on behalf of the City of Bent. We are asking citizens about an important environmental issue and eye vyould like to include your opinions. All your answers are strictly confidential and will not be connected to your name. S 1. [SCREENING QUESTION] Before we actually begin, I need to verify your city /county. What city /county do you live in? 1. Kent 2. Other Municipality [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] 3. Don't Know [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] 4. Refused [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] 1. What is your age? [RECORD NUMBER] 2. Great, thank you. My first question is about the water in our area. I'd like you to rate your perception of the overall quality of the water in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound. By "quality of water" I mean how free it is from pollution. Rate it on a 0 to 10 scale where "0" means the water is "extremely polluted" and 10 means the water is "extremely clean." [RECORD NUMBER] [READ] Noll', 1 'iii goii ?g to read a iiiliiibei' of stateiilei ?ts to Vol.! i'egal'Clii ?g stoi'iiill'atei'. .S'oine of these stateineids inal' be true, tliel' all inal' be true or tliel' all inal' be false. Vol.! beliel'e that a stateineid is trile, please sal' "Agree. "If Vol.! beliel'e the stateinew is false, sal' "Disagree. If Volt are Plot certaiii about the stateineiit aml iieecl more igfortnatioii, Void caii aiisi Lei• frith "llee(I more igfortnatioii. "If the gilestiOtl Glow iiot apply to yoil of Vourfiamill', scil' Doesti'tApply. Here is the first oiie. Do Volt Agree, Disagree oi• iieecl tiloi•e iiifoi•tilatioii about the folloiriiig statement: 69 Responses for each: 1. Agree Disagree 3. Need more information 4. Uncertain, Don't Know 5. Refused 6. Doesn't Apply NOTE: Follolring each statemend, rori will see the correct aiiswer• iirdicated br arr "A" for• Agree or 'D for• Disagree. Wherr the wort/ "Adopt" appears, it nrearrs the statemend addresses ichether• or iiot the r•espomlew has "Adopted the correct behavior. 3. Drains on city streets for stormwater are connected to the same sanitary sewer system used for treating human waste. D 4. Stormwater runoff is the leading cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands and lakes. A 5. Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound is more the result of industrial dumping practices than individual human activity. D 6. All water going into stormwater drains on the street is treated before being discharged into the environment. D [ROTATE Q7 -Q28] [NOTE: These questions will be asked in a random order to prevent sequencing bias.] [AFTER ASKING THE NEXT NINE QUESTIONS, SAY: You are doing really well. We are halfway through and I'll try to get through this as quickly as I can. Here's the next one, do you Agree, Disagree or Need More Information about this statement.] 7. Hard surfaces such as roads and driveways are not significant sources of pollution in stormwater. D 8. When I am outside with my pet, I always pick up my pet's waste. A Adopt 9. The best way to clean up spilled oil on the driveway is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or paper towels and deposit this waste in a garbage can. A 10. Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff. D 70 11. If my car or truck is dripping oil, I make sure the leak is fixed within three weeks. A Adopt 12. All of my family's auto or trick parts with oil or grease on them are stored under a roof or cover. A Adopt 13. My household recycles all used motor oil. A Adopt 14. My family stores all containers holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover. A Adopt 15. The runoff from washing a car with biodegradable soap is safe in stormwater drains. D 16. When I wash a motor vehicle at home, the soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the street. D Adopt 17. Washing a vehicle at a commercial car wash causes less pollution than washing a vehicle on the street using a biodegradable soap. A 18. The best place to dispose of water from cleaning a Latex paint brash is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A 19. Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as harmful in stormwater. D 20. Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for polluting stormwater. D 21. Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 22. The downspouts at my house convey the water to an area where it is absorbed by the ground. A Adopt 23. Using a mulching lawnmower reduces the need to fertilize a lawn. A 24. My household stores all yard fertilizers and pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. A Adopt 25. In the past 12 months, I may have applied a higher dose of insecticide or weed killer around my house than the directions say to use. D Adopt 26. In the past 12 months, I may have used more fertilizer or applied it more frequently than the label directions require. D Adopt 27. Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely added to a stormwater drain. D 28. Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt pavement. D 29. An illicit or 11111nti fill stor•nnvcrter• discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not composed entirely of stormwater. A 71 29a. The City of Kent is currently carrying out a program called The C Water Prgject. A 30. If you witnessed someone pouring a gallon of used paint thinner into a stormwater drain, which agency would you call first to report it: [READ 1 -5] 1. The Washington Department of Ecology 2. The police department 3. The city Public Works Department A 4. 911 A (for the City of Kent) 5. Need more information 6. I would not report it 7. Don't Know /Refused 8. Other [SPECIFY] That concludes our survey. I want to thank you very much for your time and cooperation. You have been very helpful. Have a good day! POSTCODE GENDER: 1. MALE 2. FEMALE DATE: INTERVIEWER: 72 THE CITY OF TUKWILA STORMWATER COMMUNITY SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE APRIL, 2011 I3.4 Hello, my naive is and I ain calling on behalf of the City of Tukvdla. [IF SPEAKING TO A CHILD] May I speak to someone who is at least 18 years of age? Thank you. [RE- INTRODUCE YOURSELF] Hello, my naive is and I ain calling on behalf of the City of Tukvdla. We are asking citizens about an important environmental issue and eye vyould like to include your opinions. All your answers are strictly confidential and will not be connected to your name. S 1. [SCREENING QUESTION] Before we actually begin, I need to verify your city /county. What city /county do you live in? 1. Tukwila 2. Other Municipality [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] 3. Don't Know [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] 4. Refused [THANK AND POLITELY DICONTINUE] 1. What is your age? [RECORD NUMBER] 2. Great, thank you. My first question is about the water in our area. I'd like you to rate your perception of the overall quality of the water in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound. By "quality of water" I mean how free it is from pollution. Rate it on a 0 to 10 scale where "0" means the water is "extremely polluted" and 10 means the water is "extremely clean." [RECORD NUMBER] [READ] Noll', 1 'iii goii ?g to read a iiiliiibei' of stateiilei ?ts to Vol.! i'egal'Clii ?g stoi'iiill'atei'. .S'oine of these stateineids inal' be true, tliel' all inal' be true or tliel' all inal' be false. If Vol.! beliel'e that a stateineid is trile, please sal' "Agree. "If Vol.! beliel'e the stateinew is false, sal' "Disagree. If Volt are Plot certaiii about the stateineiit aml iieecl more igfortnatioii, Void caii aiisi Lei• frith "llee(I more igfortnatioii. "If the gilestiOtl Glow iiot apply to yoil of Vourfiamill', scil' Doesti'tApply. Here is the first oiie. Do Volt Agree, Disagree oi• iieecl tiloi•e iiifoi•tilatioii about the folloiriiig statement: 73 Responses for each: 1. Agree Disagree 3. Need more information 4. Uncertain, Don't Know 5. Refused 6. Doesn't Apply NOTE: Follolring each statemend, Pori will see the correct aiiswer• h0icated br aii "A" for• Agree or 'D for• Disagree. Wheii the wort/ "Adopt" appears, it nrearrs the statemend addresses ichether• or iiot the r•espomlew has "Adopted the correct behavior. 3. Drains on city streets for stormwater are connected to the same sanitary sewer system used for treating human waste. D 4. Stormwater runoff is the leading cause of pollution in rivers, wetlands and lakes. A 5. Pollution in our rivers, wetlands and lakes and in Puget Sound is more the result of industrial dumping practices than individual human activity. D 6. All water going into stormwater drains on the street is treated before being discharged into the environment. D [ROTATE Q7 -Q28] [NOTE: These questions will be asked in a random order to prevent sequencing bias.] [AFTER ASKING THE NEXT NINE QUESTIONS, SAY: You are doing really well. We are halfway through and I'll try to get through this as quickly as I can. Here's the next one, do you Agree, Disagree or Need More Information about this statement.] 7. Hard surfaces such as roads and driveways are not significant sources of pollution in stormwater. D 8. When I am outside with my pet, I always pick up my pet's waste. A Adopt 9. The best way to clean up spilled oil on the driveway is to fully absorb it using kitty litter or paper towels and deposit this waste in a garbage can. A 74 10. Scrubbing oil and grease spots on outdoor concrete or asphalt with soap and hosing it off is a good way to prevent polluting stormwater runoff. D 11. If my car or trick is dripping oil, I make sure the leak is fixed within three weeks. A Adopt 12. All of my family's auto or trick parts with oil or grease on them are stored under a roof or cover. A Adopt 13. My household recycles all used motor oil. A Adopt 14. My family stores all containers holding oil or antifreeze under a roof or cover. A Adopt 15. The runoff from washing a car with biodegradable soap is safe in stormwater drains. D 16. When I wash a motor vehicle at home, the soapy water ends up in a ditch or on the street. D Adopt 17. Washing a vehicle at a commercial car wash causes less pollution than washing a vehicle on the street using a biodegradable soap. A 18. The best place to dispose of water from cleaning a Latex paint brash is in a sink inside, not outdoors. A 19. Grass clippings and leaves are not regarded as harmful in stormwater. D 20. Chemical treatments to kill moss on roofs pose little risk for polluting stormwater. D 21. Sediment or dirt in stormwater is natural and not regarded as pollution. D 22. The downspouts at my house convey the water to an area where it is absorbed by the ground. A Adopt 23. Using a mulching lawnmower reduces the need to fertilize a lawn. A 24. My household stores all yard fertilizers and pesticides inside a building or in a covered area out of the rain. A Adopt 25. In the past 12 months, I may have applied a higher dose of insecticide or weed killer around my house than the directions say to use. D Adopt 26. In the past 12 months, I may have used more fertilizer or applied it more frequently than the label directions require. D Adopt 27. Carpet shampoo wastewater can be safely added to a stormwater drain. D 75 28. Bricks or pavers offer no advantage for reducing runoff over concrete or asphalt pavement. D 29. An illicit or wilair t/ stormirater discharge is primarily defined as anything that enters a storm drain system that is not composed entirely of stormwater. A 30. If you witnessed someone pouring a gallon of used paint thinner into a stormwater drain, which agency would you call first to report it: [READ 1 -5] 1. The Washington Department of Ecology 2. The police department 3. The city Public Works Department A 4.911 5. Need more information 6. I would not report it 7. Don't Know /Refused 8. Other [SPECIFY] That concludes our survey. I want to thank you very much for your time and cooperation. You have been very helpful. Have a good day! POSTCODE GENDER: 1. MALE 2. FEMALE DATE: INTERVIEWER: 76