Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOW 2024-12-09 Item 4B / 5B - Attachment C - Comprehensive Plan Elements of 2024-2044 Comprehensive PlanTUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Introduction Community Character Land Use Regional Centers Housing Economic Development' Natural Environment Shoreline Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Transportation Utilities Capital Facilities DRAFT .iNtl'GdNCt%GN The City of Tukwila (City) Comprehensive Plan is a 20-year plan that articulates the community's vision and values about how it will grow into the future. The goals, policies and implementation strategies included in this Plan provide a basis for the City's regulations and guide future decision - making. The Plan also addresses anticipated population, housing, and employment growth, and how facilities and services will be maintained or improved to accommodate expected growth between now and the year 2044. The purpose of the City of Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan is to provide a comprehensive statement of City goals and policies to focus, direct, and coordinate the efforts of departments within the City's government. It serves as a basic source of reference for decision -making officials as they consider enacting ordinances or regulations that will affect the community's physical and economic development. The Comprehensive Plan communicates to the public and City staff the policies of the City Council, and it provides predictability to public and private sectors interested in the City of Tukwila. The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be: • Comprehensive in addressing all the geographic and functional elements relevant to the community's physical development. • General in summarizing the major policies and proposals of the City, but not defining specific locations or establishing detailed regulations -- except for in the City's designated Regional Growth Centers and subareas. • Long Range in looking beyond the current issues facing the City, but also anticipating issues that will likely occur in the future. Why Plan? Tukwila's future is built on the conditions of yesterday and today and looks down the road to changes that may occur in the future. The Comprehensive Plan is for all people in Tukwila, including residents, the business community, and visitors. People need a safe and secure place to live, an economy that provides jobs, ways to get around, schools and recreational opportunities. It is the local government's responsibility to provide public services and facilities, develop policies, and adopt regulations to guide the growth of a city that meets the needs of its people both now and in the future. Introduction December 2024 DRAFT What is a Comprehensive Plan? A comprehensive plan is a broad statement of community goals and policies that direct the orderly and coordinated physical development of a city into the future. It is designed to be a readable, functional document that reflects current community goals and needs, anticipates change, and provides specific guidance for future legislative and administrative actions. It reflects the results of public involvement, technical analysis, and the judgment of decision makers. The goals, policies, and maps in this Comprehensive Plan provide the guide for designating the use of land, implementing flexible regulations, investing in infrastructure, and developing programs and services. The elements of this Comprehensive Plan address every aspect of the community - social, economic, and environmental. Each element consists of goals, policies, and implementation strategies. Readers and users of this Comprehensive Plan should bear in mind four important points: • The policies articulated in the Plan are the foundation for decision making and represent the City's official position. • The goals and policies presented in this plan were developed in response to the community conditions identified in the background reports, and the Vision identified for the community. Links to background reports and other foundational resources are listed in this document. • Policies are not applied in isolation, but are weighed and considered within the context of the goal they are intended to achieve. • Implementation strategies listed in the Plan elements provide direction on how the Plan's policies will be acted upon by the City and community. The strategies note which city department/s or outside group/s is responsible for the action and on what timeline. Not all policies include implementation strategies, and some strategies may support multiple policies. Within five years of Plan adoption, the City will report back to King County and the Puget Sound Regional Council on how well it did in completing the short term strategies (i.e., those identified as being completed within 5 years) to which it committed. TERMS Vision: A community's best desired future. Goals are broad statements of community aspiration related to an element; Policies are specific statements of the community's position on particular issues to guide land use review, development decisions, and operational programs that will be pursued in achieving goals. Implementation strategies are the approaches staff will use to implement policies, as well as how and when the actions will be undertaken. Regulation: A rule or directive found in City ordinances or the municipal code. See Exhibit XX illustrating the relationship of goals, policies, regulations (development rules), and programs, and project review for development. in relation to other relevant policies, Introduction December 2024 I - 2 DRAFT Comprehensive Plan Amendments Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan is an evolving document and will be periodically reviewed and revised over the next 20 years as better information becomes available and public attitudes, development technologies, and economic forces and legislative policy change over time. The GMA limits Comprehensive Plan amendments to no more than once per calendar year, except for certain exemptions and emergency actions. Whenever the plan is amended it is important to verify that it is "internally consistent" and that development regulations are consistent with implementing the comprehensive plan. THE PLANNING FRAMEWORK Growth Management Act Washington State's Growth Management Act (GMA) of 1990 and 1991 provides a managed framework for growth and development throughout the State. Among other things, it mandates that fast-growing counties and cities must develop and maintain a comprehensive plan — covering the subsequent 20 years —that incorporates a number of specific elements. GROWTH MANAGEMENT ACT GOALS • Urban growth • Reduce sprawl • Transportation • Housing • Economic development • Property rights • Permits • Natural resource industries • Open space and recreation • Environment • Citizen participation and coordination • Public facilities and services • Historic preservation GMA BASICS: PLANNING PYRAMID Stag Growth Management Act Gods Re ■ ■ — Mull-cau King County— Countywide planning Policies Tukwila Comprehensive plan Tukwila Development Rules A major emphasis of the GMA is the coordination and consistency of local, regional, and State planning efforts. This includes consistency with adopted multi -county planning policies, including VISION 2050, and Countywide planning policies. One of the most important characteristics of the Growth Management Act (GMA) and the Comprehensive Plan is concurrency. Concurrency is the requirement that a jurisdiction must have infrastructure and facilities (i.e., transportation, sewer, water, police, fire, stormwater, schools, and parks and recreation) in place at the time, or within six years of, a development. This requirement can have a significant impact on the pace and type of development in the City, particularly areas of the City which require significant infrastructure improvements to Introduction December 2024 I - 3 DRAFT accommodate new growth. If the City or a developer cannot provide adequate facilities as described, then the development may not occur, and the vision described in the Comprehensive Plan should be reevaluated. Similarly, the City must identify sources of funding and commit those funds to support capital facility projects it has identified in its six -year Capital Facilities plan, adopted by reference into the Comprehensive Plan. Tukwila Snapshot Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Washington State Office of Financial Management, Puget Sound Regional Council, and other sources, a snapshot of the Tukwila's population has been developed: ■ Tukwila, incorporated on June 23, 1908, is a non -charter, optional code city operating under a Mayor -Council form of government, which includes a full-time Mayor, seven -member City Council elected at large, and a City Administrator. All elected -official terms are fora period of four years. ■ Tukwila is located in the heart of the Puget Sound region, approximately 12 miles south of downtown Seattle, 17 miles north of Tacoma, and just east of Seattle -Tacoma International airport. ■ Tukwila is 9.2 square miles in size (2020), with a population of 2,373 persons per square mile. ■ Tukwila had an estimated population of 22,780 in 2023 and had an estimated employment of around 45,825 in 2022. Between 2018 and 2022, more than 82 percent of those 25 years and older reported being a high school graduate, and 26 percent had a bachelor's degree or higher. ■ Tukwila is an increasingly diverse city, with more than 69 percent of its population identifying as nonwhite in 2023, and 40 percent born outside of the United States or Puerto Rico. Approximately 47 percent of the residents speak a language other than English at home. • As of 2023, Tukwila had estimated 8,098 households with an average of 2.64 persons per household. ■ Tukwila's 2023 median household income was $76,331, and the Census Bureau estimates that 13.3 percent of the City's residents live in poverty. ■ In 2023, 18 percent of the population was under 18 years old, and 11 percent were over 65 years old. ■ Business Tukwila has more than 2,000 businesses, which comprise over 40,000 jobs. Businesses cover multiple sectors with concentrations in retail, manufacturing, services, and distribution and specialties in entertainment and aerospace. ■ Between 2018 and 2022, 72 percent of the population age 16 and up participated in the civilian labor force. Introduction December 2024 I - 4 DRAFT King County Countywide Planning Policies / Vision 2050 Tukwila is located within King County. The King County Growth Management Planning Council (GMPC) has adopted a series of Countywide Planning Policies (CPPs) that provide guidelines and requirements for the 39 cities within the County in implementing the Growth Management Act mandates. The policies are adopted by the King County Council, and subsequently ratified by the County's cities. Taken together, the CPPs try to balance issues related to growth, economics, land use, and the environment. CPP objectives These requirements include: • Providing a fair share of housing affordable to all segments of the population at a variety of densities and at varying income levels through investment in needed infrastructure and modification of land use regulations. • Designating an Urban Growth Boundary that can accommodate at least 20 years of new population and employment and, where appropriate, Urban Centers of concentrated population and employment. • Providing all King County residents with a more equitable future that offers access to housing, transportation, education, employment choices, and open space amenities, regardless of race, social or economic status. • Designing efficient multimodal transportation systems that are based on local and regional priorities. • Shaping sustainable communities by integrating sustainable development and business practices, including environmental justice principles, with ecological, social, and economic concerns. • Ensuring that public facilities and services necessary to support development are adequate for growth without decreasing levels of service below local standards. • Designating Manufacturing/Industrial Centers to protect industrial and other high wage jobs they provide. • Identifying, establishing, and protecting open space; access to natural resource lands and water; parks and recreation facilities; and fish and wildlife corridors of regional significance. In addition to the GMA and CPPs, Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan is guided by the multicounty policies of Vision 2050, the regional plan developed by the Puget Sound Regional Council (PSRC). Vision 2050 is an integrated, long-range vision for maintaining a healthy region by promoting the well-being of people and communities, economic vitality, and a healthy environment. It contains an environmental framework, a regional growth strategy, and policy sections that are guided by overarching goals, implementation actions, and measures to monitor progress. The Tukwila Comprehensive Plan must be certified by PSRC as being consistent with Vision 2050 to be eligible to apply for and receive regional transportation funding. Introduction December 2024 I - 5 DRAFT WHAT IS IN A PLAN? Comprehensive Plan Elements Comprehensive plans are required by the GMA in RCW 36.70a.070 to address specific required issues, or "elements." In addition, a city may include other elements as local needs and goals dictate. Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan is made up of 11 elements, seven of which are mandated by the GMA. The mandated elements include the following: • Land Use • Transportation • Housing • Economic Development • Capital Facilities • Parks, Recreation and Open Space • Utilities Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan also includes the following optional elements identified as important to this community: • Community Character • Shoreline • Natural Environment • Regional Centers HOW WAS THE PLAN DEVELOPED? Over the years, the City has conducted extensive outreach to shape the creation and periodic updates of its Comprehensive Plan. This outreach has guided many of the local planning documents that serve as the foundation for the City's Comprehensive Plan. 1992 - Comprehensive Plan Visioning — "Tukwila Tomorrow" In 1992, a 17-member advisory committee composed of residents, business representatives and property owners began to work with ideas gathered from an earlier "Vision Tukwila" community visioning process. The community vision and ideas for achieving that emerged were discussed with the Planning Commission and City Council and were ultimately refined into the basis of the Comprehensive Plan. The Comprehensive Plan has been kept current with specific annual updates, as well as through a more comprehensive review in 2004, a phased review from 2011 through 2015, and the update process that is developing the 2024 to 2044 horizon Plan. In addition, other local planning efforts have contributed to the community's guidance for the Comprehensive Plan. 2012 - Tukwila Strategic Plan The City Council developed a City Strategic Plan to provide a process for moving from the Comprehensive Plan's long range (10- to 20-year) goals and policies to more specific short-term initiatives and actions. The strategic process examined a number is considerations: Introduction December 2024 I - 6 DRAFT Where are we now? • Who makes up the community and how is the population changing? • What are the major businesses and the City's role in the regional economy? • What are the City's greatest strengths and challenges? Where do we want to go? • What is the Community vision for the future of Tukwila? • What do City residents want the community to be like in the future? How do we get there? • What actions and investments are necessary to make the vision a reality? • What timeline is feasible for accomplishing the City's goals and priorities? • How can the City and community best serve the needs of Tukwila's diverse community, including residents, businesses and visitors? BUILDING A LOCAL COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Plan I Rev' • em- on, Moni tation, ing Plan Adoption Identify Action Steps - Policies �. o� Develop Goals and Policies Inventory Assessment - Assets and Deficits Land capacityanalysis. CA identificotion, CFassessment Land Use Map and UGA Visioning Process - Begin with the end in mind Population Projections (CWPP) The 2012 City Strategic Plan established a Vision for Tukwila - "The City of Opportunity, the Community of Choice" - that included five aspirational goals: Goal One: Goal Two: Goal Three: Goal Four: Goal Five: A Community of Inviting Neighborhoods & Vibrant Business Districts A Solid Foundation for All Tukwila Residents A Diverse & Regionally Competitive Economy A High -Performing & Effective Organization A Positive Community Identity & Image In 2018, the City conducted an extensive outreach effort to determine if the Plan still reflected community priorities and values. The update identified improvements that had been completed over the years as well as opportunities for ongoing progress, which were incorporated into the updated Strategic Plan. Introduction December 2024 I - 7 DRAFT Items needing ongoing attention: Community input identified that the City still had work to do to improve safety and project a positive image. The primary item needing work was ensuring that Tukwila residents can get basic needs, especially affordable housing. In addition, the community stated Tukwila should ensure that there are opportunities for community outreach and engagement. Is the 2012 Plan still valid? How should the City Prioritize its budget? Generally, constituents agreed with the vision, mission, goals and objectives identified in the 2012 Strategic Plan, and supported the City continuing to work toward the aspirational vision of being "The City of Opportunity, the Community of Choice." What changes should be made in the Plan — what is missing? The community and staff identified the following important items that were missing from the Strategic Plan: 1. Equity, particularly with regard to race 2. Addressing gentrification and displacement 3. Health and environmental health 4. Infrastructure 5. Technology and innovation 2015 and 2024 Comprehensive Plan Periodic Updates Over the years the City has reached out to all residents, employees, and property owners in Tukwila about the Comprehensive Plan process and encouraged them to participate. The City has used a variety of approaches to encourage engagement over the years, including all -city mailings, the Hazelnut newsletter, and information posted to the City website. For some topics the City formed advisory committees or conducted video interviews with residents, businesses, and other stakeholders to provide guidance on new policy directions. In addition, staff has held informal open houses where residents, property owners, and business representatives could review changes and provide input on the Plan. Ultimately, the plan is reviewed at public hearings with the Planning Commission and City Council. During the 2015 update, the City used trained community liaisons to reach out to different language groups to conduct surveys and hold "Community Conversations" meetings in multiple languages. In early 2023, the City received a limited amount of state funding to use for outreach to community -based organizations around the topic of housing. Staff conducted interviews with affordable housing developers, realtors, and City elected, appointed, and community leaders to talk about City planning issues, with special focus on housing type options and affordability, as well as conducted Open Houses. Translation services have been provided at Community meetings and the Comprehensive Plan Update webpage has offered text and surveys in numerous languages. The input from these engagement events and activities has been folded into the goals and policies identified in the 2024-2044 Comprehensive Plan. Prior to the passage of SHB 1717 in 2022, the Growth Management Act was largely silent on coordination between jurisdictions preparing their Comprehensive Plans and Tribal governments. The GMAS now requires that local governments invite a local tribe to participate in a local comprehensive planning process and establish a memorandum of agreement regarding collaboration and coordination (RCW 36.70A.040). In 2022, Tukwila reached out to both the Introduction December 2024 I - 8 DRAFT Muckleshoot Tribe and the Duwamish tribe to invite that participation, however, neither tribe expressed an interest in participating in the Plan development process. Environmental Review With its original Comprehensive Plan, Tukwila prepared an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Over the years, as the Plan has been updated, the EIS has been updated as well. Through the environmental review public participation process, the City has solicited review and discussion of the Comprehensive Plan with neighboring jurisdictions and affected agencies. TUKWILA'S VISION The vision for the community, which was articulated by the community in multiple community engagement opportunities, emerge from the community's core values — respect for the past and present, compassion and support for individuals and families, pride of place, and quality opportunities for working, living and community involvement. This vision, discussed in the following section, provides the foundation for the Goals of this Comprehensive Plan, described in each element of the Plan. RESPECT FOR THE PAST AND PRESENT ■ TUKWILA WAS, AND WILL CONTINUE AS, A REGIONAL CROSSROADS Puget Sound is a part of a larger area that has been the traditional aboriginal territory of the Coast Salish peoples, who live around the Salish Sea in what is now Washington State and the Canadian province of British Columbia. The Coast Salish Tribes have lived here since time immemorial and while each tribe is unique, all share a deep historical connection and legacy of respect for the land and its natural resources. These sovereign tribal nations enrich the region through environmental stewardship, cultural heritage, and economic development. The Duwamish and Muckleshoot Tribes bring their perspectives to collaborate with Tukwila to shape the region's future. Given its central location and convenient access to many modes of transportation Tukwila will continue to be at a strategic crossroads. First the Duwamish River, then the Interurban railroad, and later major highways have provided transportation access —first, for native Americans drawn to the river's fish, then for 19`h- and early 20`h- century immigrants who harvested the timber and established farms, and now for people who conduct business, shop, visit, or live in this urban area. Modern methods of transportation such as Link Light Rail and bus rapid transit are important attractors for new investment and should serve our residents while connecting local and regional travelers and the region. ■ WE HONOR THE PASTAS WE MOVE TOWARD THE FUTURE Our present institutions and housing, businesses, and public infrastructure facilities have resulted from the efforts of many people to pursue their individual and collective dreams. We honor this past and seek to preserve and enhance our community and environment by dreaming, planning, and investing in our future. We support cultural preservation programs and activities that draw on the strengths of long-term residents and families who provide a direct connection with the past. Introduction December 2024 I - 9 DRAFT COMPASSION AND SUPPORT FOR INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES ■ WE SUPPORT OUR RESIDENTS We seek to maintain each neighborhood fairly and equitably so that individuals and families can thrive and reach out to their neighbors. We value the diversity of our residents; however, the rising cost of housing threatens the ability of people to remain in their communities. The housing market has experienced great highs and lows. This has benefitted some, while creating and exacerbating hardship and inequalities for others. There are substantial disparities in housing access between white and person of color households, underscoring the ongoing effects of systemic racism in housing. This update of the plan will focus on approaches the community can use to address the ongoing housing crisis and the issues of equity in how housing and city resources are distributed. We encourage home ownership, and support both owners and renters in maintaining and improving their homes. Research has shown that people of color are less likely to secure a home loan and have significantly lower rates of homeownership compared to white households. In accordance with GMA amendment HB 1220 this update will examine racially disparate impacts, displacement, and exclusion in local housing policies. We cooperate with residents to improve neighborhood infrastructure. We encourage neighborhood pride and interaction. ■ WE SUPPORT OUR FAMILIES We support our families so they can thrive as caretakers for all family members, including elders. We encourage their efforts to be self-supporting, engaged, responsible members of our community. We seek opportunities to protect our residents from crime, accidents, and illness. ■ WE SUPPORT OUR CHILDREN Our children are our future. We honor them. We protect them from harmful influences and will provide educational, recreational, and other opportunities that enable them to become healthy, educated, responsible adults. PRIDE OF PLACE ■ WE VALUE OUR ENVIRONMENT We seek to enable our residents to appreciate, participate in and enjoy the many benefits of a healthy, thriving natural environment. We seek to protect our shoreline, streams, wetlands, and other natural amenities, such as trees, to provide habitat for our native species of plants and animals. We support wise use of existing resources and a transition to renewable resources to improve climate resilience and adapt to the ongoing effects of climate change. We acknowledge the disproportionate impacts of extreme weather, flooding, and wildfires due to climate change on our vulnerable populations. ■ WE APPRECIATE OUR SURROUNDINGS Each distinctive residential neighborhood, commercial area, and manufacturing area contributes to our wholesome living and working experience. We seek to create a natural environment, a physical infrastructure, and a community image that prompts people to respect and care for each other, and which attracts newcomers to live, do business, shop in, visit, and enjoy the special features of the City. People who arrive here want to stay here and invest their time and resources in making the community a better place. Introduction December 2024 I-10 DRAFT QUALITY OPPORTUNITIES FOR WORKING, LIVING, AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ■ THRIVING AND RESPONSIBLE BUSINESSES We support a stable, thriving economy that provides quality work experiences and income, and generates revenue for public services. We cooperate with our business community and seek to attract new businesses by supporting their development and necessary infrastructure. In return, we expect them to maintain high standards and participate in attaining our community vision. ■ RESPONSIVE GOVERNMENT THAT RESPECTS INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS We value all our residents. We respect the rights of our residents, workers, property owners, and visitors to pursue their individual and collective visions, provided that their actions respect the same rights of others. We strive to limit government regulations to those necessary to protect the rights of present and future generations and to achieve our community goals. We encourage all members of the community to become actively involved in community affairs, and we provide opportunities for participation in the decisions that affect them. ■ WE SEEK TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESIDENTS We believe that while individuals bear primary responsibility for themselves, their communities perform a vital role in providing a positive environment, support, and growth opportunities. We also acknowledge the legacy of legal racial, ethnic, and gender discrimination that has limited the opportunities available to segments of our community. We believe that, in addition to City provided social services, many opportunities and services are best provided by non -profits, private businesses and voluntary organizations. We encourage these efforts, partner with organizations that help meet the basic needs of our residents, and support Tukwila's active spirit of volunteerism. We encourage the social and civic engagement of all community residents who are a tremendous resource and have much to contribute. We pay special attention to those whose opportunities have been, and continue to be, limited by circumstances they cannot control, and use our limited resources to develop a solid foundation for all Tukwila residents. PLAN OBJECTIVES As discussed, Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan essential function is to serve the residents and business community by providing guidelines for a safe, livable, environmentally sustainable, and economically viable community with which they are proud to identify. The Plan, based on its Vision for the Future of Tukwila, provides the framework that allows Tukwila to respond dynamically to the changes that are inevitable over the immediate long term. The Plan's goals and policies contribute to shaping the major emphases of this periodic Plan update: • To Identify opportunities to increase housing type availability and affordability for Tukwila's community, today and tomorrow. • To ensure that City processes address historic racial disparities in the prioritization of how resources are spent and City processes conducted. Introduction December 2024 DRAFT • To focus future housing and job development in the City's two regional growth centers, Southcenter and the Manufacturing Industrial Center, while also focusing on other opportunities for growth in transit -oriented development areas within the City. • To encourage and pursue opportunities for preparing the City, its infrastructure, and community for the environmental and social changes that will come with increased climate change. • To build the City's relationship with all quadrants of the community, including community - based organizations, the business community, and residents, and strive to provide the highest level of governmental services and responsiveness. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN MAP The Growth Management Act requires that the Plan be internally consistent, and that all elements be consistent with the future land use map. Tukwila's Future Land Use Map, located in the Land Use element, meets State requirements to identify locations for the following land uses: housing, commerce, industry, recreation, open space, public utilities, and public facilities.' The Future Land Use map sets forth the categories of allowable land uses and densities for the purpose of directing future development and redevelopment of private and public property in the City. It is implemented in large part through the City's official Zoning Map, which is a regulatory tool. The Comprehensive Future Land Use Map is available at the City of Tukwila Department of Community Development and online. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Adopting an updated Comprehensive Plan is the first step toward adjusting and maintaining the City's vision. The Plan is implemented through policies and strategies listed in the Elements, as well as through adopted functional and special plans, and service programs and funding priorities established by the City. Tukwila's implementation program comprises a combination of short-term, mid-term, long-term, and ongoing actions that contribute to the City achieving its vision. Actions identified as "short term" would require up to 5 years, "mid-term" actions require up to 10 years, "long term" actions require up to 15 years, and "ongoing" actions would be progressively worked on over the years. A short-term action could include implementing a Citywide communications plan including language translation strategies to reach and involve all residents. Other implementing actions could include amending regulations such as the Zoning Code to align with newly developed policies and State regulations. Longer -term actions include sub -area planning, facility development, and developing a Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) that allocates resources to projects that will spur the City's development in the direction envisioned in the Plan. Other actions will be taken by the City when required or as resources become available. A successful Plan is one that can respond to changing conditions. As changes in land uses, regional trends, or the economic or environmental climate occur over time, it may be necessary to reassess or modify how to implement the community's vision. The Comprehensive Plan contains the policy wording that provides for monitoring, evaluating, and amending the plan as community needs Introduction December 2024 I-12 DRAFT change. Comprehensive Plans are allowed to be modified and updated annually between major updates cycles that occur each decade. The City will also be obligated to report back to PSRC and King County on the success it has had (or not had) with implementing its strategies. City Plans Many City departments have adopted functional plans that serve to implement the vision, policies, principles, and guidelines set forth in the Comprehensive plan. Typically, functional plans are more wide reaching, but there is a range of more specific plans that also support the Comprehensive Plan's vision. Examples of some of the City's plans include: • ADA Transition Plan, 2016 • Capital Improvement Program, 2023-2024 • Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP), every 5 years • Comprehensive Sanitary Sewer Plan Update, 2023 • Comprehensive Water Plan Update - 2015, 2022 • Economic Development Strategy • Green Tukwila 20-Year Stewardship Plan • King County Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2020-2025 • Neighborhood Traffic Calming Program: Top-10 Recommended NTCP Projects), 2022 • Older Adults Recreational Services Needs Assessment, 2019 • Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan, 2020 (and Technical Supplement, 2019) • Public Arts & Culture Master Plan, 2018 • Public Facilities Plan, underway in 2023 • Recreation Program Plan, completion expected in January 2025 • Residential Streets Prioritization program, 2016 • Shoreline Master Program, 2020 • Shoreline Restoration Plan, 2007 • Surface Water Comprehensive Plan - 2024 • Stormwater Management Program Plan - 2024 • Stormwater Management Action Plan, underway in 2023 • Transit -Oriented Development Housing Strategies Plan, a.k.a., Housing Action Plan, 2021 • Transportation Plan, 2024 In addition, there are numerous site -specific City plans that the community has developed that reflect the Comprehensive Plan priorities, including: • Community Center Master Plan, no date • Tukwila International Boulevard - Implementing the Vision: CNU Legacy Plan, 2017 • Tukwila South Development Agreement (Ordinance 2233, 6-8-2009) + Exhibits 1 to 11 to Ordinance 2233 • Southcenter Subarea Plan, 2014 • Southcenter Design Manual, 2014 • Manufacturing and Industrial Center Plan, 2011 • Teen & Senior Center Project • Tukwila Pond Park Master Plan, 2022 Introduction December 2024 I-13 DRAFT External Agency Plans External agencies have also developed plans, in conjunction with Tukwila, that implement local and regional priorities. These agencies include King County and the Tukwila and other School Districts with facilities in City limits: ■ King County Water Resources Inventory Area 9 ■ King County Flood Control District Lower Green River Flood Hazard Management plan ■ King County Flood Hazard Management Plan ■ Highline Water District Plan ■ King County Water District #125 Plan ■ King County Water District #20 Plan ■ Valley View Sewer District Plan ■ City of Seattle Plans for Water and Sewer Service ■ Etc. Introduction December 2024 I-14 DRAFT Cossissiatiity CaarActer WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • A basic framework that celebrates Tukwila's history, builds on its diversity, and fosters civic engagement while accommodating growth that furthers the community's vision; • A discussion of issues that shape Tukwila's identity and describe the community's vision for safety and security, healthy living, communication, and public engagement; • Goals and policies for promoting the positive community character envisioned; and • Goals, policies, and strategies to achieve a stronger community and expand regional opportunities PURPOSE The Community Character element establishes the framework that celebrates the City's history and environment — both physical and social. The community's character reflects both the values placed on the views of Mt. Rainier, the Cascades, and the Green/Duwamish River system, but also the social values surrounding the community's diversity and vision for compassion and support, governmental responsiveness, civic engagement, and the components that are essential to making Tukwila a safe, secure, successful, forward - looking community. ISSUES Tukwila is an economically and geographically unique community. It has a large proportion and expanse of commercial and industrial activity compared to the amount of residential development. It is divided into distinct areas by freeways and crisscrossing arterials, with the Green/Duwamish River winding throughout the entire length of the City. The hillsides and valleys in the area further split the City into numerous, almost disconnected segments. Local streets and major arterials do not follow a predictable grid pattern. Large industrial and commercial developments, together with associated parking, tend to dominate the City's landscape when seen from freeways and major arterials. This persists as the overall image of the City despite the community's many areas of quiet residential streets and abundant vegetation. This geology also contributes to a sense of division between neighborhoods, resulting in the challenge of developing solutions that serve all the residents. Community Character CC - 1 Julv December 2024 DRAFT Spectacular views of Mount Rainier, the Cascade Mountains and even the Seattle skyline are available from many hillsides around the City. In addition, numerous streets run along the hillsides and afford sweeping vistas of land and greenery. And finally, the Green/Duwamish River and Tukwila Pond could serve as prominent and dramatic elements of the community's image and identity. The potential of these two natural features as unique amenities has yet to be fully realized. Despite the region's wealth and the ongoing investments in public and human services, inequity persists and has in some cases expanded. Historical data has consistently revealed disparities in social, educational, health and economic outcomes based on race, income, and other factors. Tukwila's community, similar to other South King County cities, has experienced lower incomes, less educational attainment, higher rates of chronic disease and morbidity, and a higher percentage of residents needing human services assistance. Tukwila's high numbers of immigrants, refugees and their children may struggle as they seek employment or services or when in the classroom, trying to learn English while receiving limited support for their home language and culture. Long-time residents, including minorities, seniors, adults, and families, may face challenges in meeting basic needs. Native American Culture and Settlement in Tukwila Area' "In days gone by, there was once a war between the North Wind people and the Chinook Wind people. Chinook Wind was married to Mountain Beaver Woman, the daughter of North Wind. The people of North Wind village did not like the man and so they killed him and his tribe. The only one left alive was Chinook Wind's mother, an old woman who lived on a stone mountain down along the Duwamish River." So begins the Epic of the Winds, a story told by Southern Coast Salish peoples that recounts the creation of the post -glacial landscape and climate of the Duwamish/Green River valley. The tale is one of the best-known indigenous stories of the central Puget Sound region and prominently features locations that are in what is now known as Tukwila. 1 Sources: David B. Williams, Homewaters: A Human and Natural History of Puget Sound (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2021). Excerpted in Seattle Times, June 20, 2021. <Link> Alan Stein, Story of the Origin of the North Wind Weir on the Duwamish River (HistoryLink.org, 2000). <Link> Alan Stein, Fort Dent Park (HistoryLink.org, 2003). <Link> The Waterlines Map, Burke Museum, 2014. <Link> Coll -Peter Thrush, The Lushootseed Peoples of Puget Sound Country (University of Washington Libraries). <Link>. Muckleshoot Indian Tribe: https://www.muckleshoot.nsn.us/about Duwamish Tribe: https://www.duwamishtribe.org/culture-today Cultural Resources Assessment for the 42nd Avenue South Bridge Replacement Project, prepared by Cultural Resource Consultants, 2024. Community Character CC - 2 December 2024 DRAFT North Wind's Weir. a rock formation in the river channel near Cecil Moses Park; beaver lodge (stxagax`"), now known as the Duwamish Hill Preserve; and Grandmother hill, across the river from the Allentown Bridge and Tukwila Community Center, are elements of a landscape that was imbued with meaning and power. Prior to dredging, damming, and re-channelization by Euro-Americans, the Duwamish watershed connected a huge, well -populated area via the Black River (connecting to Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, and the Cedar River), the White River (connecting to Enumclaw plateau and Mt. Rainier foothills). the Green River valley, and the vast Salish Sea. This river system provided both a travel network and, with seasonal salmon harvests, an abundant source of food. The confluence of the Black and Duwamish rivers, a place known as sq''u2alq`"u2 or "meeting of rivers" at what is today Tukwila's Fort Dent Park, was among the most important places in this river system and was the site of a permanent winter village. Villages like this included several long, communal cedar plank houses, which served as the central hubs for activities and were the heart of social and ceremonial life. Every year, with the arrival of spring and warmer weather. families would disperse from winter villages. traveling by canoe to hunt, fish, gather, and trade at long -accustomed sites. This was part of a sustainable and resilient lifestyle based on collaboration between groups inhabiting different watersheds. Though these patterns of travel and interaction, native tribes established a rich and enduring culture across the region over thousands of years. The cultural identity of the Southern Coast Salish peoples, shaped over millennia, faced an existential threat with the occupation of native lands by Euro-American settlers. This displacement was codified by the treaties of Medicine Creek and Point Elliot in 1854/55, which gave legal sanction to the removal of native people and established designated tribal reservations. Tribal sovereignty was further threatened by the 1887 Dawes Act, which permitted the sale of already limited reservation lands to settlers. These events, aimed at fundamentally altering or erasing indigenous ways of life, continue to profoundly shape life in Tukwila in ways both seen and unseen. Despite these challenges, Southern Coast Salish peoples remain resilient and strong. Landmark legal victories, such as the Boldt Decision of 1974, represent ongoing efforts to reclaim and protect treaty -established sovereign rights. Today, local tribes and organizations, including the federally recognized Muckleshoot, Tulalip, and Suquamish tribes and the Duwamish tribe, which seeks federal recognition, continue to serve their communities and honor tribal heritage through preservation of traditional language, fishing and culinary practices, music, art, and dance, canoe journeys and cultural celebrations. Community Character CC - 3 December 2024 DRAFT Historic Preservation and Cultural Awareness While Tukwila has a rich history that has involved farming, the river, rail transportation and the development of the aircraft industry, there are few visible indications of its earlier days. With the exception of the Museum of Flight, the Duwamish Hill Preserve and some interpretive markers along the Green/Duwamish River, there are no explanations or celebrations of the major features of the community's heritage, such as the Interurban rail line. Only a few places are given any degree of commemoration with respect to their role in the history and growth of Tukwila. Due to Tukwila's location on the Green/Duwamish River, the area has been home to many Native American settlements and plays an important role in local Native American culture. Development along certain portions of the river has exposed artifacts from the days when Native Americans travelled the river and camped along its banks. These artifacts require protection from future development, and improved interpretation so that the public can appreciate their origin and significance. The Muckleshoot Tribe continues to be actively involved in preserving and improving the habitat quality of the Green/Duwamish River. Cultural Diversity Tukwila's demographics have changed significantly in the nearly 30 years since the original Comprehensive Plan was adopted. Similar to changes seen throughout all South King County, Tukwila has become home to a diverse mix of people from many backgrounds and countries. Our challenge is to create a community where residents — including both the long-term and the recently -arrived, with varied backgrounds, traditions, languages, and countries of origin —feel connected and committed to each other, their neighborhoods, their community groups and organizations, and to the City as a whole. Many people feel involved in their own piece of Tukwila, be it a block, a neighborhood, a business park or a particular linguistic, cultural or interest group. In planning for the whole community, Tukwila has sought to ensure that its planning efforts provide a shared sense of belonging and involvement in Tukwila as a whole. To achieve that, the City has conducted culturally appropriate and language -specific approaches to encourage participation in City planning efforts that include the development of the City's Strategic Plan (2012), as well as the City's Comprehensive Plan. City Boundaries There is little sense of entering or leaving either the community as a whole or individual neighborhoods, because in many areas the City limits are irregular or do not coincide with natural boundaries. In addition, Tukwila's growth through petitioned annexations has created certain boundary anomalies: • The border configuration between Tukwila and Seattle in the King County Airport area, in which the boundary crosses Interstate 5 more than once and splits certain industrial properties, creates a number of jurisdictional issues, including police response. Community Character CC - 4 December 2024 DRAFT • On the southwest, the boundary between Tukwila and SeaTac crosses Interstate 5 and other streets in several places, creating difficulties for the reasonable provision of services. With major expansion largely ended, there is an opportunity to make Tukwila's size and extent more visible by providing identifiable boundary markers. Commercial Development, Urban Design, and Safety Previous planning strategies noted that residents and businesses want a safe and visually attractive community. The design of residential and commercial development is key to accomplishing this goal. Visually attractive development occurs through the application of design criteria that are functional, attractive, and safe. Safe and visually attractive communities are also achieved through the enforcement of existing standards. City planning and investment in infrastructure promotes safe, attractive neighborhoods and business districts, and supports and enhances Tukwila's position as a major shopping and employment center. Areas of focus include making the City more accessible for bicyclists and walkers, and engaging residents and businesses in setting expectations for how Tukwila's public and private spaces will look. Perceived or actual lack of safety and security can hinder both individual and community development and feelings of well-being. The City continues to seek opportunities to collaborate with the whole community to reduce and prevent crime and enhance the overall sense of safety and security. Security also extends to emergency planning for natural and man-made emergency events, such as earthquakes, terrorism, or the effects of climate change. The City anticipates and has planned for these types of situations through efforts such as its Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, and Continuity of Operations Plan. Strategies that enhance public safety and security will ultimately strengthen the community. Healthy Living and Parks, Recreation and Open Space The urban form — including the infrastructure and built environment — affects the health of residents and workers, as well as the overall community identity. The proximity of trails, sidewalks for safe walking, transit connections to reduce the use of single -occupant vehicles that contribute to air pollution, the availability of recreation programs, and access to healthy and affordable food choices all contribute to the health of a community. The importance of providing healthy living choices is reflected throughout the Comprehensive Plan especially in this element, as well as in the Parks, Recreation and Open Space, Economic Development, and Transportation elements. In the past, community members have consistently expressed their desire for better access to recreational opportunities, safer routes to schools for children, and better access to affordable, good quality food, including fresh fruits and vegetables. The U.S. Department of Agriculture identified Tukwila ad "food desert," based on its definition that Tukwila's low - Community Character CC - 5 December 2024 DRAFT income census tracts show a significant number of residents are located more than one mile from the nearest supermarket. Expanding access to healthy food and providing job training opportunities is an important City goal. The City will continue to seek out opportunities to ensure that community members have access to hands-on vocational training that provides the opportunity to become better integrated into local communities and economies. Community Image Tukwila's image, as perceived within the community and region and portrayed by the media, is often at odds with its many positive attributes. The City faces challenges in shifting negative perceptions about public safety and crime to create and communicate an image that better reflects reality, engages residents, and attracts visitors and businesses. Communication and Involvement Meetings at City Hall, printed mailings and website articles often have been used to inform citizens about issues and events and solicit their opinions and involvement in City affairs. While these methods are effective with some people, a broader approach is necessary to communicate to the full community. Some Tukwila residents may choose to be involved in City activities, while others may not be involved or represented due to cultural differences, language issues, age, economic status, or lack of time or awareness. Diverse communities may require the use of new methods of communication and engagement. City processes and regulations that seem confusing and difficult for the public may present an additional obstacle to clear communication and engagement between the community and the City. A key challenge is developing communication tools that are clear, effective, and appropriate, so that all residents are aware of and can choose to participate in the processes and decisions that affect them. Communication within and across City departments is crucial for developing a coordinated approach to problem -solving. Regional Opportunity and Role Many issues that the City faces are not exclusive to Tukwila and are prevalent throughout the region. City representatives participating in various regional forums can both drive and support policy and strategy that benefits Tukwila. The City's activities in regional partnerships can help it achieve its long-term goals. For example, the City's Human Services program has long engaged with other cities and King County to craft more efficient ways to plan and deliver services and provide strategic direction about how the County allocates funds for housing and community development. Emergency Management staff participate in multiple regional planning efforts, including maintaining the Regional Coordination Framework so that resources can be shared between jurisdictions and efficiencies gained. Community Development staff are involved with inter -jurisdictional groups to analyze, develop, and share data, policies, and standards. Participation by elected officials in local, regional, Statewide, and national Community Character CC - 6 December 2024 DRAFT organizations provides many benefits, including education on emerging issues and forging valuable partnerships. GOALS AND POLICIES Overall Community Design GOAL CC-1 POLICIES Policy CC-1.1 Policy CC-1.2 A community of inviting neighborhoods and vibrant business districts that are visually attractive, draw visitors, add value to the community and encourage people to walk, bike and use transit. Encourage the creation of locations and facilities where residents of all ages and cultures can gather for activities and events, such as public markets, parades, and festivals, including those that are representative of the City's diverse population. Capitalize on the potential that public projects, arts, and cultural facilities have for serving as symbols of the community, catalyzing local development, and contributing to a unique sense of place within a neighborhood. Policy CC-1.3 Expand the system of incentives, tools, and supports that encourage investment in and maintenance of private and public spaces. Policy CC-1.4 Encourage placemaking through creative use of signage, art, landmark designation and improvement, and streetscape improvements. Policy CC-1.5 Require that sites have adequate lighting and are designed using crime - reduction principles to increase safety. Policy CC-1.6 Seek opportunities to integrate public art into public improvements. GOAL CC-2 Design streets to create a cohesive network, including continuous non -motorized improvements that connect to the surrounding business and residential neighborhoods and enhance the visual quality of the community. Policy CC-2.1 Where appropriate and feasible, provide lighting, seating, landscaping, and other amenities for sidewalks, walkways, and trails. Community Character CC - 7 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CC-2.2 Policy CC-2.3 Policy CC-2.4 Policy CC-2.5 Provide street lighting where needed and appropriate based on neighborhood context to improve visibility and safety while minimizing light/glare spillover. Maintain, improve, and expand distinctive gateway features located at freeway off -ramps and at City limit lines where they cross major arterial streets; use graphics, orientation maps, informational signage, lighting, specimen trees, plantings with seasonal color, artwork, monument forms, or combinations thereof. Promote the planting of street trees and other landscaping standards to enhance corridor appearance, neighborhood identification and streetscape unity. Where possible, encourage developments to include pedestrian weather protection, see -through glass, and distinctive rooflines in new and redeveloped building facades. Tukwila's Past, Present, and Future GOAL CC-3 POLICIES Policy CC-3.1 Policy CC-3.2 GOAL CC-4 POLICIES Paleontological and archaeological artifacts and sites with cultural and Native American significance are protected and preserved. Ensure that the potential for the existence of paleontological and archaeological sites is considered during development of new construction projects. Identify and protect archaeological resources and culturally significant sites and develop interpretive information that fosters public appreciation of historical traditions and practices. A heritage conserved and interpreted so that Tukwila's citizens recognize connections with the past and celebrate the diverse cultures represented in the community today. Policy CC-4.1 Identify, protect, and designate historically significant properties, structures and sites. Community Character CC - 8 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CC-4.2 Policy CC-4.3 Policy CC-4.4 Policy CC-4.5 Policy CC-4.6 Provide prominent public art and interpretive markers that celebrate the City's history of important buildings, sites, events or persons. Establish a process for providing incentives for the preservation and reuse of historic landmarks. Develop and implement plans, projects, and programs to protect and promote the historical legacy of the Green River Valley and its natural and built environment. The Tukwila Arts Commission shall ensure that Tukwila's characteristics, such as its history and cultural diversity, are considered in public art projects. Coordinate with tribes in regional and local planning, recognizing the mutual benefits and potential for impacts between growth occurring within and outside tribal boundaries. GOAL CC-5 The Tukwila community is proud of its cultural diversity, distinctive identity, and unique character. POLICIES Policy CC-5.1 City staff and leaders seek opportunities to generate positive media coverage of the community and its attributes. Policy CC-5.2 Promote Tukwila's international diversity as a strength. Policy CC-5.3 Policy CC-5.4 Policy CC-5.5 Policy CC-5.6 Actively promote community engagement of all sectors of the City's diverse population using a wide range of innovative methods responsive to variety of communication requirements. Encourage and support communities in celebrating, preserving, and transmitting their traditions through cultural and heritage activities and education. Develop programs and City-wide events to celebrate the City's cultural diversity. Enhance linkages with the school districts serving Tukwila to recognize and support the strengths of Tukwila's multi-lingual student body. Community Character CC - 9 December 2024 DRAFT GOAL CC-6 POLICIES Policy CC-6.1 Policy CC-6.2 A healthy community where active living and access to affordable, culturally appropriate, and nutritious food is available to all. Encourage the development of public, private and non-profit partnerships to support the goal of healthy eating and active living, including education and awareness. Develop and implement a communication plan and Healthy Tukwila website with information and links about healthy eating, active living, and related topics - including strategies for reaching communities who do not speak English or use computers (e.g., translated written as well as verbal). Policy CC-6.3 Provide healthy and culturally appropriate food and beverages in City programs and facilities to promote healthy eating habits. GOAL CC-7 Food security, local food production and public health are promoted. POLICIES Policy CC-7.1 Explore incentives or regulatory changes to encourage location of healthy food purveyors in underserved areas. Policy CC-7.2 Support the Tukwila Food Pantry and other organizations that help provide food assistance to low-income residents so that all families, seniors, schools, and community- based organizations are able to access, purchase and increase intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, and other nutritious foods. Tukwila Government - Service to the Community GOAL CC-8 Provide a high -performing, service- and results -oriented government that works with citizens, citizens groups, institutions, and service providers to recognize and solve problems within the community. Community Character CC - 10 December 2024 DRAFT POLICIES Policy CC-8.1 Support the City's human services program in providing a solid foundation for all Tukwila residents through high -quality services and actively collaborating with service providers to help meet basic needs and job readiness, including: • Safety net for urgent and basic needs, • Positive and healthy relationships, • Support for self-sufficiency, and • Information referral (and system navigation).2 Policy CC-8.2 Enhance and encourage effective partnerships across City departments and with providers to meet community needs. Policy CC-8.3 Ensure that land use, urban design, transportation, economic development, and other policies, plans and projects in Tukwila consider human services impacts, and benefit existing and future populations in an equitable manner. Policy CC-8.4 Promote health, safety, and quality of life through responsive and responsible investment of public funds in social and human services. Policy CC-8.5 Policy CC-8.6 Policy CC-8.7 Enable culturally and linguistically appropriate equitable access to programs and services and help connect residents to service options, particularly for those most disproportionately cost -burdened or historically excluded. Adopt and use an equity impact review tool when developing plans and policies to test for outcomes that might adversely impact Black, Indigenous, and People of Color communities; immigrants and refugees; people with low incomes; people with disabilities; and communities with language access needs. Regularly assess the impact of policies and programs to identify actual outcomes and adapt as needed to achieve intended goals. Involve community groups especially immigrant, Black, Indigenous, and People of Color communities continuously in planning processes to promote civic engagement, government accountability, transparency, and personal agency. 2 DCD and Human Services staff recommended version of the policy. Community Character CC - 11 December 2024 DRAFT POLICIES Communication and Engagement Policy CC-8.8 Policy CC-8.9 Policy CC-8.10 Policy CC-8.11 Policy CC-8.12 Use frequent and open communication and collaboration as an operating principle in all affairs of the City. Design and implement processes and programs to be user-friendly for the public and efficient for City staff. Strengthen the City's ability to engage with diverse populations within the community, particularly those that do not participate in traditional formats, by using a variety of participation techniques to reach all segments of the population. Build meaningful and trusting connections between the City and the diverse communities that make up the broader Tukwila community to foster their participation and involvement in City affairs and decision - making processes. Encourage the participation of dedicated, community -oriented volunteers on City boards and commissions, striving to achieve a broad and balanced representation of members from the entire community. Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness Policy CC-8.13 Policy CC-8.14 Policy CC-8.15 Policy CC-8.16 Foster an environment of safety and security for those who live in, work in, and visit Tukwila, through a broad and collaborative approach to reducing and preventing crime. Equip residents, businesses, and community service providers through education and training to be active participants in public safety (including, but not limited to, emergency preparedness, crime prevention, first aid, fire prevention, and climate -related hazards). The City Police Department works with community members and businesses to identify approaches to addressing crime in the City. Maintain and update as required a City-wide Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) and program, that: • Establishes a comprehensive all -hazards approach to incident management; • Ensures ongoing operation and continuity of City government; • Uses the National Incident Management System (NIMS); • Serves to inform and educate City employees and the community about emergency preparedness measures for all hazards, including flood and climate -related emergencies; Community Character CC - 12 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CC-8.17 Policy CC-8.18 Policy CC-8.19 Policy CC-8.20 • Effectively utilizes available resources from all City departments and mutual aid partners, in an adequate and timely response to emergency situations; and • Addresses emergency preparedness for those with access and functional needs, coordinating a broad range of stakeholders to improve planning and responsive service. Continue to meet or exceed federal minimum standards for the National Flood Insurance Program to better protect public health and safety, and to achieve flood insurance premium discounts. Ensure the City of Tukwila's continued participation in the National Flood Insurance Program through periodic review and updating of flood plain management standards and the flood zone construction permit process. Encourage long-term community environmental security by supporting and implementing the U.S. Conference of Mayor's Climate Protection Agreement, climate pledges and commitments undertaken by the City, and other multi -jurisdictional efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, address climate change and other impacts of changing global conditions. Lead by example to establish policy decisions and priorities, and design programs and facilities that consider long-term impacts on natural and human environments to address sustainability and climate change. Regional Responsibility GOAL CC-9 POLICIES Foster a strong sense of Tukwila's regional responsibility and accountability balanced by an awareness of regional impacts on the City and its citizens. Policy CC-9.1 Accept Tukwila's responsibility to coordinate regionally on the siting or expansion of Essential Public Facilities (see Land Use policies). Policy CC-9.2 Site public capital facilities of a Countywide or Statewide nature to support the Countywide land use pattern, support economic activities, mitigate environmental impacts, provide amenities or incentives, and minimize public costs. Amenities or incentives shall be provided to neighborhoods/jurisdictions in which facilities are sited. Community Character CC - 13 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CC-9.3 Work with affected citizens, property owners and the neighboring cities of SeaTac, Kent, and Seattle to develop interlocal agreements that may be necessary to address concerns regarding shared borders. GOAL CC-10 Benefit the community by participating in regional, State, and national forums. Policy CC-10.1 Enhance Tukwila's interests through participation in regional, State, and national organizations and committees, and by developing partnerships that can benefit the City, its residents, businesses, and the natural environment. RELATED INFORMATION Tukwila Strategic Plan, 2012, amended 2018 Tukwila Capital Improvement Program, Biennial Budget 2023-2024 Food Access Research Atlas, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Food Innovation Network Community Character CC - 14 December 2024 DRAFT LANd Use WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • Regional Requirements • Intentions for Growth • Designation of Land Uses • Subarea Planning Guidance PURPOSE The Land Use Element addresses the major land use issues facing the City of Tukwila over the next 20 years. The element considers the general distribution, location, and intensity of land uses, and directs future growth. Countywide planning targets assign an additional 6,500 housing units and 15,890 new jobs by 2044, from the 2018 baseline year. Achieving these targets would total 63,074 jobs, 14,454 housing units and approximately 36,000 residents in the City. It provides a framework for the other elements of the comprehensive plan. The Growth Management Act establishes the Land Use Element as the basis for development regulations within the City and requires those land use regulations to be consistent with the goals and policies in this Element. Additionally, the element shall be consistent with Vision 2050 and the Countywide Planning Policies as described below. The following items are found in the Background Report: • Information on Land Capacity and Growth Targets • Community Demographics • Information on potential annexation areas and historical annexations • Current land use information ISSUES • Achieving Regional Growth Targets • Accommodating Growth while Maximizing Quality of Life • Capitalizing on Transit Investments in Tukwila • Land use compatibility Land Use December 2024 LU - 1 DRAFT D♦�� c% , 1,r ///lAd ti N40/ #fr Luke Washington 1 ♦ EagleView Technologieslln Land Use Designations CR - Community Residential HDR - High Density Res. MUO- Mixed Use Office -muO - Office RCC - Residential Com. Center NCC - Neighborhood Com. Center RC- Regional Com. District im RCM - Regional Com, Mixed -Use C/LI - Com. / Light Ind. HI - Heavy Ind. LI - Light Ind. MIC/L- Manufacturing Ind. Center (Light) MIC/H - Manufacturing Ind. Center (Heavy) _ TVS-Tukwila Valley South TUC - Pond TUC - Regional Center mi TUC -Commercial Corridor TUC - Workplace TUC-TOD Tukwila Urban Center North Tukwila Manufacturing Industrial Center — R — Link Light Rail --R— Sounder Commuter Rail i City Limits r — , Potential Annexation — - Area 1 I 0 0.5 1 Miles Land Use December 2024 LU - 2 DRAFT Figure 1: Land Use Designations Land Use December 2024 LU - 3 L — T s. •\ l December 2024 r Angle Lake S 124th St 5 144th St a Lake Washington N s 5 Blvd 0 Saande Air - EagleView Technologies, DRAFT Zoning LDR - Low Density Res. MDR- Medium Density Res. HDR - High Density Res. M UO -Mixed Use Office O - Office RCC - Residential Com. Center NCC - Neighborhood Com. Center a RC - Regional Com. District ▪ RCM - Regional Com. Mixed -Use C/LI - Com. / Light Ind. MOI HI - Heavy Ind. LI - Light Ind. MIC/L- Manufacturing Ind. Center (Light) ' MIC/H - Manufacturing Ind. Center(Heavy) _ TVS -Tukwila Valley South — TUC - Pond ▪ TUC - Regional Center NE TUC -Commercial Corridor TUC - Workplace ▪ TUC-TOD Tukwila Urban Center North Tukwila Manufacturing Industrial Center —0— Link Light Rail ~AO~ Sounder Commuter Rail 1 -i City Limits ▪ — - Potential Annexation ▪ — ' Area � I 0 0.5 1 Miles DRAFT Figure 2: Zoning Designations Land Use December 2024 LU - 5 DRAFT L { " a r 1 1 f • V; ♦o la 5144thSt i' r t-----1 5 160th S, I Angle Lake i Lake Washington - / > a i I i J s181.11Nr 1 4. EagleView Technologies,'!n L- and Use December 2024 Zoning HDR - High Density Res. MDR -Medium Density Res. LDR - Low Density Res. CILI - Com. / Light Ind. HI - Heavylnd. LI - Light Ind. ▪ MIC/H - Manufacturing Ind. Center (Heavy) MIC/L - Manufacturing Ind. Center(Light) MUO - Mixed Use Office NCC - Neighborhood Com. Center ▪ O - Office ▪ RC - Regional Com. District 6CC Rcridontial r-cm. Center ▪ RCM - Regional Com. Mixed -Use — TUC - Commercial Corridor ▪ TUC - Pond _ TUC - Regional Center ▪ TUC-TOD NI TUC - Workplace ▪ TVS -Tukwila Valley South Urban Center Boundary Q Manufacturing_Industrial —+P — Link Light Rail la — Sounder Commuter Rail 1__ 1 City Limits r — - Potential Annexation — ' Area 0 0.5 1 Miles LU-6 DRAFT GOALS & POLICIES Regional Roles and Obligations GOAL 1 POLICIES Land Use Policies are consistent with state, regional and county requirements, and are updated to integrate new information to enable informed decisions. Policy LU 1.1 Monitor and maintain comprehensive plan goals and policies that are consistent with county -wide and regional planning policies. Policy LU 1.2 Policy LU 1.3 Policy LU 1.4 Provide a consistent population projection throughout the plan, consistent with King County's sub -county allocation of that forecast for housing needs and employment targets. Utilize a buildable lands program that meets or exceeds the review and evaluation requirements of the Growth Management Act. The purposes of the buildable lands program are: a. To collect and analyze data on development activity, including land supply, zoning, development standards, land uses, critical areas, and capacity for residential, commercial, and industrial land uses in urban areas; b. To determine whether jurisdictions are achieving urban densities and planned growth consistent with comprehensive plans, countywide planning policies, and multicounty planning policies; and c. To evaluate the sufficiency of land capacity to accommodate growth for the remainder of the planning period. Regularly monitor the City's land use plan, development regulations, and standards to guide progress toward the City meeting its identified growth targets. Policy LU 1.5 Maintain a comprehensive land use map that designates future land use and urban growth areas. Land Use December 2024 LU - 7 DRAFT Land Use Pattern Growth GOAL 2 Growth is actively guided and managed in a way that: • Preserves and enhances the quality of life and the diverse residential neighborhoods of the community, and serves them with vibrant business districts, open space, recreational facilities, affordable housing, and other supportive land uses; • Maximizes and leverages public infrastructure investments, including public transit facilities; • Protects environmentally critical areas and shorelines; and • Promotes economic development. POLICIES Policy LU 2.1 Promote a pattern of compact development within the City that includes housing in a range of urban densities, commercial and industrial development, and other urban facilities, including medical, governmental, institutional, educational uses and schools, and parks and open space. Policy LU 2.2 Policy LU 2.3 Policy LU 2.4 The Tukwila Urban Growth Area promotes a mix of uses that are convenient to, and support, public transportation, in an effort to reduce reliance on single -occupancy vehicle travel for most daily activities. Develop and use residential, commercial, and manufacturing land efficiently within the City to create healthy, vibrant, and equitable urban communities that offer a full range of urban services. Promote the efficient use of land within Tukwila by: 1. Focusing housing and employment growth and infill development in areas such as the City's designated regional centers, transit station areas, and locally designated local centers consistent with the goals of the Vision 2050 (the Regional Growth Strategy); 2. Optimizing the use of existing capacity for housing and employment; 3. Redeveloping underutilized lands, in a manner that considers equity and mitigates displacement; and 4. Coordinating plans for land use, transportation, schools, capital facilities, and services. Development activity in Tukwila shall be adhere to the policies listed in the Natural Environment Element. These policies are intended to ensure that the City's air, land, and water resources are restored and protected for future generations, and are resilient to a changing climate. Policies guiding development in the Natural Environment include those that pertain to protecting and enhancing the functional and values of the City's environmentally critical areas; protecting water quality and Land Use December 2024 LU-8 DRAFT quantity; ensuring stormwater best practices and natural flood attenuation are supported; and that the City's trees coverage is monitored and trees are supported. Comprehensive Plan Designations GOAL 3 POLICIES Residential Comprehensive Plan Designations provide general direction for desired land uses present in the designation or anticipated in future development in the designation over the planning period. Zoning Districts should correspond with Comprehensive Plan Designations when areas are redesignated as a new Zoning District (see table 1). Policy LU 3.1 Community Residential (CR) designated areas are characterized by a variety of low and medium -density housing types including but not limited to single-family, duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes, townhomes, cottage housing, courtyard apartments, accessory housing units, and their accessory uses, along with educational, institutional, and recreational uses. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Commercial Redevelopment and Urban Renewal Overlays. Policy LU 3.2 Commercial High Density Residential (HDR) designated areas are characterized by larger and higher density multi -family buildings and their accessory uses, along with educational, institutional, and recreational uses. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Commercial Redevelopment and Urban Renewal Overlays. Policy LU 3.3 Office (0) designated areas are characterized by professional and commercial office structures mixed with retail. Mixed Use Policy LU 3.4 Policy LU 3.5 Mixed Use Office (MUO) designated areas are characterized by professional and commercial office structures, mixed with retail and residential uses. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Tukwila South Overlay. Neighborhood Commercial Center (NCC) designated areas are characterized and scaled to serve multiple residential areas with a diverse mix of uses. Uses include commercial; residential, including senior citizen housing; retail; service; office; and recreational and Land Use December 2024 LU - 9 DRAFT Policy LU 3.6 Policy LU 3.7 Policy LU 3.8 Policy LU 3.9 Policy LU 3.10 Industrial community facilities, generally along a transportation corridor. These uses are modified where covered by the Urban Renewal Overlay. Residential Commercial Center (RCC) designated areas are pedestrian - friendly areas characterized and scaled to serve a local neighborhood, with a diverse mix of uses. Uses include certain commercial; residential; retail; service; office; and recreational and community facilities. Regional Commercial (RC) designated areas are characterized by residential, mixed use, commercial services, offices, lodging, entertainment, and retail activities. Regional Commercial Mixed -Use (RCM) designated areas are areas characterized by commercial services, offices, lodging, entertainment, retail activities and associated warehousing, and certain accessory light industrial uses. Residential uses mixed with certain commercial uses are also allowed. The Tukwila Urban Center (TUC) designated Southcenter Urban Center subarea is intended to develop as a high -density, regionally oriented, mixed -use center. Residential development is encouraged in proximity to water amenities, or within walking distance of the Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak station or the bus transit center. It contains five sub -districts differentiated through uses and development standards: Regional Center (RC), Transit -Oriented Development (TOD), Pond (P), Commercial Corridor (CC), and Workplace (WP). The Tukwila Valley South (TVS) designated areas are characterized by high -intensity regional uses that include commercial services, offices, light industry, warehousing and retail, with heavy industrial subject to a Conditional Use Permit. Mixed -use residential is conditionally permitted within 500 feet of the Green River. These uses and densities are modified where covered by the Tukwila South Overlay. Policy LU 3.11 Commercial/Light Industrial (C/LI) designated areas are characterized by a mix of commercial, office or light industrial uses. Policy LU 3.12 Policy LU 3.13 Light Industrial (LI) designated areas are characterized by distributive and light manufacturing uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. Heavy Industrial (HI) designated areas characterized by heavy or bulk manufacturing uses and distributive and light manufacturing uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. These uses are modified where covered by the Tukwila South Overlay. Land Use December 2024 LU - 10 DRAFT Policy LU 3.14 Policy LU 3.15 Table 1 Manufacturing Industrial Center/ -Light (MIC/L) designated areas are a major regional employment area containing distributive, light manufacturing and limited office uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. Manufacturing Industrial Center/ -Heavy (MIC/H) designated areas are a major regional employment area containing distributive, light manufacturing and heavy manufacturing uses, with supportive commercial and office uses. Comprehensive Plan Designation Corresponding Zoning Classifications Residential Community Residential (CR) Community Residential (CR) Low Density Residential (LDR) Medium Density Residential (MDR) High Density Residential (HDR) High Density Residential (HDR) Commercial Office (0) Office (0) Mixed Use Mixed Use Office (MUO) Mixed Use Office (MUO) Neighborhood Commercial Center (NCC) Neighborhood Commercial Center (NCC) Regional Commercial (RC) Regional Commercial (RC) Residential Commercial Center (RCC) Residential Commercial Center (RCC) Regional Commercial Mixed Use (RCM) Regional Commercial Mixed Use (RCM) Tukwila Urban Center (Regional Growth Center) TUC -CC, TUC-P, TUC -RC, TUC-TOD, TUC- WP (Regional Growth Center) Tukwila Valley South (TVS) Tukwila Valley South (TVS) Industrial Commercial/Light Industrial (C/LI) Commercial/Light Industrial (C/LI) Light Industrial (LI) Light Industrial (LI) Heavy Industrial (HI) Heavy Industrial (HI) Manufacturing Industrial Center/- Light (MIC/L) (Regional Employment Center) Manufacturing Industrial Center/ - Light (MIC/L) (Regional Employment Center) Manufacturing Industrial Center/- Heavy(MIC/H) (Regional Employment Center) Manufacturing Industrial Center/- Heavy(MIC/H) (Regional Employment Center) Land Use December 2024 LU-11 DRAFT Special Overlays GOAL 4 POLICIES Policy LU 4.1 Policy LU 4.2 Policy LU 4.3 Annexation Special Overlays are designated where appropriate to reflect unique public ownership, programs, agreements, or area specific intentions for development, amending or superseding the development standards of the underlying zoning district. Areas under the Public Recreation Overlay are owned or controlled by a public or quasi -public agency, which are dedicated for either passive or active public recreation use, or public education uses. Areas under the Tukwila South Overlay includes lands designated TVS, HI, LDR and MUO, and supersedes the provisions of the underlying zoning districts. It is intended to create a multi -use employment center containing high technology, office, commercial, retail and residential uses at the south end of the City. Areas under the Urban Renewal Overlay apply the Tukwila International Boulevard Revitalization and Urban Renewal Plans. The intent is to promote community redevelopment and revitalization, and to encourage investment that supports well -designed, compact, transit - oriented and pedestrian -friendly residential and business developments, to activate the community along Tukwila International Boulevard. GOAL 5 The annexation process will follow County guidance in a predictable, prescribed manner. POLICIES Policy LU 5.1 Coordinate with King County on Potential Annexation Areas and work to establish pre -annexation agreements that identify mutual interests and ensure coordinated planning and compatible development until annexation is feasible. Policy LU 5.2 Evaluate proposals to annex or incorporate urban unincorporated land based on the following criteria, as applicable: a. Conformance with Countywide Planning Policies including the Urban Growth Area boundary; b. The ability of the annexing or incorporating jurisdiction to efficiently provide urban services at standards equal to or better than the current service providers; c. The effect of the annexation or incorporation in avoiding or creating unincorporated islands of development; Land Use December 2024 LU - 12 DRAFT d. The ability of the annexing or incorporating jurisdiction to serve the area in a manner that addresses racial and social equity and promotes access to opportunity; and e. Outreach to community, the interest of the community in moving forward with a timely annexation or incorporation of the area. Essential Public Facilities GOAL 6 POLICIES Policy LU 6.1 Policy LU 6.2 Essential public facilities are sited in coordination with King County, the State, and/or other cities and tribes, with consideration being provided for environmental justice principles that address development of healthy communities for all. Ensure that any discussion of siting or expanding essential public facilities or facilities of regional importance use a process that incorporates broad public involvement, especially from historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities, and that impacts and benefits are equitably dispersed. Ensure that regional discussions of essential public facilities siting address climate change, equity, economic, and health impacts to communities. A Healthy and Equitable Community GOAL 7 POLICIES Policy LU 7.1 Policy LU 7.2 Policy LU 7.3 Tukwila offers a land use pattern, scale, and density that supports walking, biking, and transit, providing access to goods, services, education, employment, recreation, and access to culturally appropriate and nutritious food. Increase access to healthy and culturally relevant food in communities throughout the City by incentivizing the location of healthy food purveyors, such as grocery stores, farmers markets, urban agriculture programs, and community food gardens in proximity to residential uses and transit facilities, particularly in those areas with limited access to healthy food. Encourage locally based food production, distribution, and choice through urban agriculture, community gardens, farmers markets and food access initiatives. Adopt land use and community investment strategies that promote public health and address racially and environmentally disparate health outcomes and promote access to opportunity. Focus on residents with Land Use December 2024 LU - 13 DRAFT Policy LU 7.4 Policy LU 7.5 Policy LU 7.6 Policy LU 7.7 Policy LU 7.8 Policy LU 7.9 Policy LU 7.10 Policy LU 7.11 the highest needs in providing and enhancing opportunities for employment, safe and convenient daily physical activity, social connectivity, protection from exposure to harmful substances and environments, and housing in high opportunity areas. Evaluate the potential physical, economic, and cultural displacement of residents and businesses near high -capacity transit station areas, particularly for Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color communities; immigrants and refugees, low- income populations; disabled communities; and other communities at greatest risk of displacement. Use a range of strategies to mitigate identified displacement impacts. Mitigate potential displacement from City Actions through communication and collaboration with existing tenants, business and property owners, and seek to replace lost commercial and residential spaces within redevelopment. 1 Emphasize preserving and replacing affordable housing in redevelopment.2 Mitigate new dense residential development from major sources of environmental pollutants to the extent possible. Link commercial areas located within approximately one -quarter mile of residential areas with high -quality pedestrian and bicycle access facilities. Encourage facilities and improvements that support transit use in new development, redevelopment, and street projects. Encourage development in a manner that supports the physical activity of community members. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions through land use strategies that promote a mix of housing, employment, and services at densities sufficient to encourage walking, bicycling, transit use, and other alternatives to auto travel, and by locating housing closer to areas of high employment. 'Staff recommends retaining this policyPC vote ticd 3:3 on whcthcr to strikc thc policy (1 25 24} 2 Staff recommends retaining this policyPC vote ticd 3:3 on whcthcr to strike thc policy (1 25 24} Land Use December 2024 LU - 14 DRAFT Land Use Compatibility and Nuisances GOAL 8 POLICIES Policy LU 8.1 Policy LU 8.2 Policy LU 8.3 Policy LU 8.4 Policy LU 8.5 Policy LU 8.6 Policy LU 8.7 Policy LU 8.8 Land uses within and adjacent to the City are located and managed in a way that mitigate nuisances and health impacts to residents, workers, and businesses within the City of Tukwila. Coordinate with neighboring cities, tribal governments, the Port of Seattle, King County, and other related entities to avoid or mitigate the potential cross -border impacts of urban development and encroachment of incompatible uses. Consider regulations, infrastructure investments, or other measures, as appropriate, to address major noise impacts to residents, workers, and businesses. Encourage increased residential density in areas with limited nuisance impacts. Avoid locating land uses and infrastructure that produce unhealthy noise, vibration, light, or odor levels in residential areas. Work with the Port of Seattle, King County Airport, and the Federal Aviation Administration to decrease adverse effects of airport operations on Tukwila and its residents. Ensure that zoning designations discourage the siting of incompatible uses adjacent to general aviation airports, and that proposed development adheres to Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Aviation Administration standards. Consider the potential impacts of development to culturally significant sites and tribal treaty fishing, hunting, and gathering grounds. Consider potential wildfire risk prevention measures in updates to development standards. Subareas in Tukwila Boeing Access Road Station Area GOAL 9 The Boeing Access Road Infill Station is supported by planning efforts and accompanying development regulationsswhich encouragelead to transit -oriented development supporting housing and employment Land Use December 2024 LU - 15 DRAFT POLICIES Policy LU 9.1 Policy LU 9.2 Policy LU 9.3 Policy LU 9.4 Policy LU 9.5 Tukwila South GOAL 10 POLICIES Policy LU 10.1 Policy LU 10.2 Policy LU 10.3 growth within and around the Manufacturing Industrial Center and foster supporting uses.around the station area. Zoning and development regulations will be evaluated; and amended to support transit -oriented development anticipate and adapt to impacts on the area with consideration for long-term vision, compatibility, and equity. Prioritize non -motorized connections from nearby job centers and residential uses to the station area. Collaborate with King County Metro and Sound Transit to ensure areas that are currently underserved by transit benefit from the new station. Engage with neighboring jurisdictions, and regional bodies, to ensure coordination regarding planned infrastructure improvements, including station supportive bike and transit infrastructure. Consider changing infrastructure needs in capital improvement planning. Tukwila South becomes a regional destination, developed with high - quality mixed use, office, advanced manufacturing, high-tech, retail and residential uses, while protecting the environment and providing recreational opportunities. Ensure the development of Tukwila South results in a cohesive development pattern of compatible uses and neighborhoods. Design infrastructure to accommodate increased employment and residential density over time. Encourage development in Tukwila South to have internally integrated districts and uses, in addition to external connections to neighboring and regional assets. Policy LU 10.4 Construct a comprehensive amenity system in Tukwila South that leverages the area's assets. Land Use December 2024 LU - 16 DRAFT Tukwila International Boulevard District GOAL 11 POLICIES Policy LU 11.1 The Tukwila International Boulevard (TIB) District is a thriving, walkable, well-rounded neighborhood and a desirable place to live, work, shop, worship, or play. At key locations on TIB, there are well -designed, pedestrian -oriented mixed -use centers or "nodes" with distinct character. Tukwila International Boulevard transitions from an auto dependent former state route toward a pedestrian focused corridor through road diet, enhanced pedestrian, and other traffic calming measures. Continue to focus redevelopment efforts on carefully chosen "nodes" of more intensive development along TIB to maximize the impact of the City's investments, create momentum, and foster faith in the vision for the TIB district. Tukwila Village and Transit Oriented Development Nodes Policy LU 11.2 Policy LU 11.3 Ensure that the master plans for the Tukwila Village and TOD nodes encourage and incentivize the redevelopment of large parcels, promote assembly of smaller parcels, and identify opportunities for shared parking, pedestrian linkages, and subregional infrastructure needs, such as surface water and recreation. Focus master planning for the nodes on non -auto -oriented uses. Emphasize good pedestrian experiences and connections to nearby residential areas, businesses, and amenities. Policy LU 11.4 Ensure that the Zoning Code and design guidelines support the types of development envisioned in the nodes. Tukwila Village Node: South 144th and TIB Policy LU 11.5 Policy LU 11.6 Designate this area for an attractive, walkable, locally oriented mix of uses, including multifamily residential, neighborhood -serving retail and services, restaurants, civic and social gathering spaces, and other people -intensive and customer -oriented activities that build on the Tukwila Village project. Generate high levels of foot traffic vital to the success of the node by attracting an "anchor" that draws customers and allows them to park once and walk to adjacent retail. Land Use December 2024 LU - 17 DRAFT Tukwila Village Node: Transit -Oriented Development (TOD) Node at Tukwila International Boulevard Station Policy LU 11.7 Policy LU 11.8 Policy LU 11.9 Prioritize this area for a more intensive, transit -oriented mix of mid- to high-rise office, multifamily residential and hospitality uses and services, with structured parking that builds on the momentum of the Tukwila International Boulevard Station's proximity to SeaTac Airport and generates jobs for the community. Identify and promote an "identity" for the area around the Tukwila International Boulevard Station that is distinct from other stations along the LINK light rail alignment. Optimize opportunities for transit -supportive redevelopment in and around the station by partnering with the City of SeaTac and Sound Transit to shape TOD policies and practices in the master plan. Outside the Nodes: Land Use in Commercial and Multifamily Areas Policy LU 11.10 On commercial properties along or near TIB, allow a diverse mix of uses, including residential, commercial services, retail, office, recreational and community facilities that are not in conflict with the TIB District vision of a walkable, pedestrian oriented neighborhood. Policy LU 11.11 Allow stand-alone multifamily residential buildings outside of the nodes. Policy LU 11.12 Encourage the redevelopment of commercial properties fronting TIB by allowing the aggregation of residentially zoned parcels with commercially zoned parcels fronting TIB, where such action: a. expands small and/or irregularly shaped commercial districts that can't be redeveloped per the overall goals for the area, b. encourages redevelopment of non -conforming use sites; and c. fronts and orients any commercial uses toward TIB. Policy LU 11.13 Encourage the aggregation of commercially zoned properties fronting TIB with adjacent commercially zoned properties to enhance the opportunities for redevelopment. TIB as a Main Street: Street Design GOAL 12 The TIB District is a unique destination whose urban design and built form encourages people to prioritize pedestrian safety and comfort, explore the neighborhood, and enhance their quality of life. Land Use December 2024 LU - 18 DRAFT POLICIES Policy LU 12.1 Traffic calming improvements prioritize comfortable and safe pedestrian movement. Policy LU 12.2 Policy LU 12.3 GOAL 13 POLICIES Policy LU 13.1 Policy LU 13.2 Combine standards for parking placement with building site layout to achieve the compactness of a consistent building wall and pedestrian orientation along streets within the TIB District, where appropriate. Use incentives to encourage commercial businesses and residential buildings to create a continuous building wall along the street edge and locate a primary entrance from the front sidewalk, as well as from off- street parking areas, in the TIB District where buildings are not required to locate at the back of sidewalk. Where buildings are required to locate at the back of sidewalk, require a primary entrance on or adjacent to the front sidewalk. TIB parking requirements are based on urban, rather than suburban, densities and needs and balance the need for parking with TIB urban design goals and policies that encourage transit use and walking. Parking requirements encourage dense development supported by major transit facilities and reflect the availability of transit service while accommodating the needs of residents, workers and visitors frequenting the area. Explore the potential for shared parking facilities for transit riders in developments within one-half mile walking distance of the Tukwila International Boulevard Station. Walkability and Connectivity GOAL 14 POLICIES Policy LU 14.1 A larger network of streets, sidewalks, trails, and other public spaces throughout the TIB District supports community interaction; connects neighborhoods, commercial areas, civic areas, and destinations; and improves community health. The TIB District's circulation network makes the neighborhood a great place to walk, provides mobility and safety for all users, encourages walking, bicycling, and use of public transit, and supports the envisioned land uses. Establish a more walkable and connected street network throughout the TIB District by investing in public sidewalks and requiring private redevelopment projects to organize site plan elements to allow for through connections. Land Use December 2024 LU - 19 DRAFT Policy LU 14.2 Consider supplemental and TIB District -specific micro -mobility transportation systems, such e-scooters and bike share. Policy LU 14.3 Work with transit agencies to expand transit service throughout the TIB District. Policy LU 14.4 Public transportation facilities in Tukwila are maintained to be safe, clean, and inviting. Community Texture and Diversity GOAL 15 POLICIES Policy LU 15.1 Policy LU 15.2 Policy LU 15.3 GOAL 16 POLICIES Policy LU 16.1 Policy LU 16.2 The TIB District takes pride in the ethnic and economic diversity of the community. TIB has an authentic main street character that promotes the District's many positive attributes and draws local and regional visitors. Strive to attract and retain locally owned and operated stores, especially specialty food stores, ethnic restaurants, service providers, and neighborhood -serving shops such as hardware stores. Activate public and private community gathering spaces with temporary events including food, art, music, pop -ups, and activities that leverage nearby assets, such as schools and cultural facilities, and reflect the international, multicultural character of the TIB area. Create a central space for permitted food trucks, pop -ups, and farmers' markets where residents and visitors will gather and sample the multicultural flavor of the TIB area. The TIB District has stable neighborhoods, and residents and businesses that are actively engaged in improving the quality of life in the area. Encourage private landowners to maintain and upgrade their property to protect the neighborhood from adverse impacts of vacant and underutilized sites and blighted buildings and structures. Identify and support "champions" or leaders in the business community who will carry the vision for the TIB area and build community interest and commitment among diverse stakeholders. Land Use December 2024 LU - 20 DRAFT Policy LU 16.3 GOAL 17 POLICIES Policy LU 17.1 Policy LU 17.2 Policy LU 17.3 Strengthen the City's engagement with the area's business community and cultivate the success of the entrepreneurs and small businesses, including businesses owned by refugees, immigrants and non -fluent English speakers. The TIB District is one of the safest places in South King County. Continue working with Sound Transit to reduce crime at the Tukwila International Boulevard Station. Work with community to identify and address safety concerns in TIB District. Consider safety in design of streets, sidewalks and public infrastructure to enhance safety for pedestrians, cyclists and other active transportation users. Public and Private Investment GOAL 18 POLICIES Policy LU 18.1 Policy LU 18.2 Policy LU 18.3 Policy LU 18.4 Policy LU 18.5 Public and private investment has catalyzed greater private investment in the TIB District which has created additional development and business success and increased the overall pace of redevelopment. Invest public funds in the infrastructure and public amenities necessary to catalyze private investment, stimulate the location of businesses and housing, and create an attractive neighborhood. Invest public funds strategically to acquire and assemble substandard parcels, to remove blighted uses, or make current land holdings more developable. Continue to form public/private partnerships and leverage private investment through incentives, and limited large-scale development agreements where appropriate Consider using City funding and City -owned property to offset development costs of market rate housing in "pioneering" residential or mixed -use projects. Utilize developer incentives and funding strategies that would attract uses desired by the community, improve a project's performance, and make redevelopment financially attractive to developers. Land Use December 2024 LU - 21 DRAFT Policy LU 18.6 Policy LU 18.7 Policy LU 18.8 Policy LU 18.9 Identify barriers to development in TIB and use available tools, including MFTE, zoning reform, parking reform, etc., to eliminate barriers and encourage new development supporting community needs. Encourage coordinated stormwater detention and treatment for several properties as opposed to multiple individual systems, when possible, to provide more effective stormwater management, greater environmental benefit, and cost efficiency. Emphasize self-sustaining, living wage employment opportunities within the District. Encourage broad -scale marketing of the TIB area, and Tukwila as a whole, in order to draw from a broader array of potential employers. Land Use December 2024 LU - 22 DRAFT Regioiae eeNEers WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • A vision and description for the City's two designated centers, the Southcenter area and Manufacturing and Industrial Center; • A discussion of regional planning policies for urban centers; • A discussion of relevant issues and opportunities to be addressed to ensure that Tukwila's regional centers achieve the City's Vision for them; and • Goals and Policies to guide future development in Tukwila's regional centers PURPOSE The purpose of this element is to discuss the City's two Regional Centers and the priorities identified for each. Regional Centers in the Puget Sound By the year 2050, the central Puget Sound region will add another million and a half people, reaching a population of 5.8 million. In order to ensure that all residents benefit from the region's growth, cities in the King, Snohomish, Pierce, and Kitsap counties, plus Tribes and other partners have worked together with PSRC to develop VISION 2050. VISION 2050 established the region's plan for how we can collectively provide an exceptional quality of life, opportunity for all, connected communities, a spectacular natural environment, and an innovative, thriving economy. To achieve that goal, the plan includes a Regional Growth Strategy that focuses growth in centers and near transit, with the goal of sustaining and creating different types of urban communities, while preserving the region's working resource lands and open spaces. The Regional Growth Strategy assumes 65% of the region's population growth and 75% of the region's job growth will locate in the regional growth centers and near high -capacity transit. Two of the 30 designated Centers are located in Tukwila — the Southcenter Urban Center and the Tukwila Manufacturing and Industrial Center along the Duwamish River. These centers are discussed in the following two sections. Regional Centers RC - 1 December 2024 DRAFT SOUTHCENTER TUKWILA URBAN CENTER Tukwila's Southcenter area is intended to develop as a high -density, regionally oriented, mixed- use center. In 1995, the Southcenter area was designated as a regional growth center by the Puget Sound Regional Council's (PSRC) Vision 2050, and as an urban center under the King County Countywide Planning Policies. The vision for Southcenter has remained consistent since that time. Housing and employment growth targets, capacity and land use assumptions for Centers and the City as a whole can be found in the table below. Target Land Use ng Zoned Development eapatity Adopted Growth Land Use Zoned Assumptions for Travel Demand Development Target Modeling Capacity County or citywide _ Population Approximately 17,379 21,228 13,070 additional (from 2024 baseline of 22,930) Employment 15,890 new jobs 16,155 30,675 (2019-2044) Housing 6,500 new net units 6,729 8,219 (2019-2044) Centers _ _ _ A Tukwila Urban Center 45 activity units per _ _ acre, currently (TUC) 22 Population 3,011 7,132 Employment 1,185 5,902 Housing 1,166 2,714 Manufacturing/Industrial Center(MIC) Population 0 - - Employment 20,000 total jobs 1,905 1,604 Housing 0 - - Urban centers are described in the Countywide Planning Policies as areas of concentrated employment and housing, with direct service by high -capacity transit. Regional Centers RC- 2 December 2024 DRAFT They encompass a wide range of land uses, including retail, recreation, public facilities, parks, residential, and open space. They encourage the growth of each urban center as a unique, vibrant community that is attractive to live and work. Centers should support efficient public services including transit and respond to local needs and markets for jobs and housing. In Vision 2050, growth centers are intended to be compact areas of high -intensity residential and employment development, with a mix of land uses including housing, jobs, recreation, and shopping. Thedesignation ofregionalgrowthcentersisakeyelement oftheregionalstrategyto preserve resource lands and protect rural lands from urban - type development by promoting infill and redevelopment within urban areas to create more compact, walkable, sustainable and transit- friendly communities. These strategies direct the majority of the region's employment and housing growth to urban centers in the form of compact, sustainable communities where housing and jobs are located in a manner that provides for easy mobility and accessibility. Urban centers are also given priority bytransit providers forfixed-railtransit service and other transit service and facility improvements. The idea is to help ensure the long-term economic viability and competitivenessof urban centers inthe region as energycosts escalate, congestion increases and consumer preferences shift. Tukwila is also designated as a Core City under Vision 2050. Core cities are major cities with regionally designated growth centers. They are intended to accommodate a significant share of future growth, contain key hubs for the region's long-range multimodal transportation system, and are major civic, cultural and employment centers within their counties. In 2002,Tukwila began creating an urban center planfortheSouthcenter area. The Plan focused on retaining the urban center's competitive edge and economic strength as retail development grows within the region. At that time, the City recognized that an urban center of regional significance creates benefits for all ofTukwila. Participants in the six public workshops supported the following ideas: 1. Making the Southcenter area a more attractive destination for shopping and leisure activities; 2. Relieving critical congestion points, improving circulation, and making alternative modes of transportation available; 3. Supporting existing businesses and attracting new; and 4. Creating opportunities for residential development in appropriate areas. Public investment in keyareaswillsupport progress towards the community's vision of enhanced and diversified economic vitality. Southcenter policies support and expand the qualities of the Center that have generated its economic success: Regional Centers RC- 3 December 2024 DRAFT ■ Land use polices are flexible to support diverse uses. ■ Urban design policies implement the community's vision, to be achieved through public and private sector initiative and cooperation. ■ Site and streetscape policies emphasize accessibility as a key factor, as well as choice in transportation modes. These policies will reinforce future competitiveness and will create an urban center that gives identity to the City. ISSUES Southcenter currently provides regional comparison shopping, major discount shopping, major facilities for incubator businesses, entertainment, and a full range of professional services. It includes intensely developed areas such as Westfield Southcenter Mall and Andover Industrial Park, transportation facilities such as the Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak station, and natural features and amenities such as Tukwila Pond, Minkler Pond, and the Green River. Retail uses dominate Southcenter; Westfield Southcenter Mall, in the northwest corner of the center, is the largest regional shopping mall in the Seattle area. Warehouse uses are more prominent in the area to the south. A goal of growth management is to integrate housing, job growth, and services in order to reduce the need for long commutes, and to keep living and working communities easily accessible to each other. As a significant employment center, Southcenter already provides jobs to residents and nearby communities. However,considerable residential development is needed inthe urban center to meettheCity's housingtargets. Thevision for Southcenter includes expanded opportunities for housing, accommodating a significant portion of the City's projected housing needs, and addressing the types of amenities and infrastructure needed to attract quality housing and create a connected, dynamic urban environment. Southcenter's future of higher-densitygrowth willtake place during and beyond the 20- year horizon oftheCountywide policies. While urban centers playan integral role inthe regionalvision,the Countywide policies require the form and function of these centers to be determined atthe local level. Vision Statement The vision for Southcenter's next 20-40 years foresees: ■ a high -density area with housing and regional employment; ■ walkable —as well as auto -oriented —shopping and entertainment districts; Regional Centers RC- 4 December 2024 DRAFT ■ areas of high -quality housing near water amenities and within walking distance ofthe Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak station and the new bus transit center;and ■ recreational opportunities for businesspeople, residents, and visitors. Support for interlinked transit and a pedestrian system to supplement an improved road network are included in the future, as well as sensitively enhancing the accessibility to the City's natural amenities, such as Tukwila Pond, Minkler Pond and the Green River. The land use, design, and transportation policies oftheSouthcenter Plan focus on keepingthe area's successful economic engine running. TomakeSouthcenter morecompetitive and attractive overthe long term, the Plan aims to transition Southcenter into a great place for working, shopping, doing business, living, and playing. Great places contribute to the well- being of people and communities. An area made up of great places will continue to attract people and maintain economic vitality. Economic success, in turn, provides the City of Tukwila the fiscal means to continue providing our community with excellent public services and improvements. Southcenter, Tukwila's urban center, is currently an economically vibrant, motor vehicle - oriented area. It owes much of its success to a high level of regional accessibility and —in the past —a lack of competition within the region, as well as the 30+ year vision and vigor of its development community. Achieving the long-range vision of an economically and environmentally sustainable community is anticipated to be a gradual process. It should be pursued by reinforcing Southcenter's strengths and increasing its overall attractiveness through a combination of public and private investment. This would support both new and existing businesses and the continuation of market -sensitive transitions. Notable future features of the Southcenter Subarea Plan that will implement the Vision include: ■ Improved connection between Westfield Southcenter Mall and Tukwila Pond Park. ■ A core area of high -quality walkable retail, entertainment, housing, public spaces, and employment creating a memorable destination within the region. ■ Anchor areas linked by frequent transit service (5-to-10-minute buses or shuttles), enhanced with public and private pedestrian facilities, and development standards supporting this type of built environment. ■ High -quality transit and pedestrian facilities, focusing on creating strong connections between the Mall and the Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak station. ■ Overall improvements to the network of streets, trails, sidewalks, and other infrastructure. ■ Encouragement of a pedestrian -oriented environment through building and streetscape design standards and guidelines. ■ Sub -districts differentiated through uses and development standards. Regional Centers RC- 5 December 2024 DRAFT Southcenter's Boundaries Northern — Properties south of Interstate 405 Southern — 180th Street, with some properties on south side of the street Eastern — The center of the Green River between 180th Street and the southern boundary of properties that abut the south side of the Strander Boulevard alignment, thence eastward to the City limits Western — Toe of west valley wall Tukwila Urban Center (Southcenter) 0 1 0.25 1 0.5 Mi I 9/16/2024 Regional Centers RC- 6 December 2024 DRAFT MANUFACTURING/INDUSTRIAL CENTER Tukwila's Manufacturing/Industrial Center (MIC) is one of ten such employment centers in King County, established through a designation process outlined by the Growth Management Planning Council (Figure I). It comprises an area of 998 acres along the Duwamish River, bounded generally by the City of Seattle on the north, South 125th Street on the south, the Burlington Northern railway right -of- way on the east, and the Duwamish River on the west (Figure 2). The area is already economically healthy, but opportunities exist to improve its usefulness and competitive position. This element of the Comprehensive Plan addresses these opportunities and recommends policies for realizing them. ISSUES Figure I — King County MIC Designated Areas There are more than 100 businesses located in the Manufacturing/Industrial Center, with a large employment base, much of it in manufacturing. The Center is an integral source of direct (property tax) and indirect (sales tax) revenues received by Tukwila. The Center is characterized by light to heavy manufacturing uses, storage facilities, office development, small areas of commercial development along arterials, and a few older residences. The southern third of King County International Airport occupies 175 acres of the Center, and there are County plans to redevelop this portion of the airfield as leases lapse. (Figure 4) The Boeing Company and the King County International Airport collectively control the largest proportion of the North Tukwila MIC. While business needs may change in the future, the Boeing Company's current use of this area comprises a mix of warehouse, manufacturing, engineering, laboratory, office, research, and development. This mix of use produces a stable employment environment within the area, with a focus on manufacturing, engineering, research, and development. Figure 3 — Tukwila MIC: Jobs by Sector Regional Centers December 2024 RC- 7 DRAFT Legend l._.._.! Tukwila City Limits L Manufacturing! Industrial Center 200' Shoreline Buffer Zone on bath sides of the river Zoning Di9tricls M1C1H-Manufacturing Industrial Center/Heavy Industrial MIC)L-Manufacturing Industrial Center/Light Industnal Because the Center is an established industrial area, an adequate infrastructure has been in place and maintained for many years. The Center is a major distribution hub well- served by automobile, truck, air, rail, and water transportation facilities. Congestion represents a problem, however, partly owing to the high number of single -occupancy vehicles. A number of street and intersection improvements will be necessary to maintain acceptable levels of service. Regional proposals for commuter rail and local rapid rail systems that include service to and through Tukwila could also provide travel alternatives for area employees and regional travelers. Regional Centers RC- 8 December 2024 DRAFT Figure 4 —Tukwila MIC: Current land use Tukwila's Manufacturing/Industrial Center is a major area of employment, providing significant property and sales tax for the City, while much of the center is occupied by the Boeing Company, the center is also characterized by other manufacturing, storage, office uses, and limited older residential development. In addition, many smaller production companies located in the MIC due to its central location. A portion of King County International Airport (Boeing Field) is located inside the North Tukwila MIC, at the far north end of the City. The center joins with Seattle's Duwamish MIC, extending the industrial corridor south along the Duwamish. The center is a major regional distribution hub, well served by auto, truck, air, rail, and water transportation. The deferred Boeing Access Road Link Light Rail Station is moving forward as part of the Sound Transit 3 (ST3) package. It will add a new elevated station in the vicinity of S Boeing Access Rd, E Marginal Way, and 1-5 along existing Link 1 Line, bridging the 5.5-mile gap between Rainier Beach and Tukwila International Boulevard stations. This project has been a Tukwila priority for many years, as it will provide connections to the Duwamish Manufacturing/Industrial Center and increase light rail access in southern Seattle and northern Tukwila neighborhoods. A consultant has been hired to complete alternatives analysis and the Sound Transit Board is scheduled to pick a preferred alternative in Q3 2024, with the station expected to open in 2031. GOALS, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES Southcenter Urban Center The following goals, policies and strategies reflect the established vision for Southcenter. These policieswillhelp achievethe desired form andfunction ofTukwila's urban center overthe 30- to 50-year planning period. These goals and policies cover the issues of land use, urban development, and transportation and circulation. They support development and protection of the long-term economic and environmental sustainability of Southcenter by fostering an attractive and functional environment to live and recreate, as well as retain its reputation as a good place to work, shop, and do business. Goal RC-S-I Land Use: Southcenter will contain an intense, diverse mix of uses, which will evolve over time. The character and pace of this change will be set by a combination of guidelines, regulations, incentives, marketconditions, and proactive private/publicactions,whichwill reinforce existing strengths Regional Centers December 2024 RC- 9 DRAFT and open new opportunities. The desire for a high -quality environment for workers, visitors and residents will also drive this character transition. ➢ LAND USE POLICIES Policy RC-S-1.1 Policy RC-S-1.2 Policy RC-S-1.3 Southcenter Character. Raise awareness of Southcenter as a regional commercial/industrial area, with opportunitiesforhigh-quality,mixed- usetransit-oriented development including housing, served by a balance of auto, pedestrian, bicycle, and transit facilities (Figures 10-2 and 10- 3). Private and Public Investment. Private and public investment will be aimed at facilitating and encouraging overall growth and redevelopment in Southcenter. Tukwila Urban Center(Southcenter) "Districts." Southcenter encompasses a relatively large area containing a wide variety of uses. To create a more coherenturbanformandenhancetheCenter's long-term competitive edge within the region, guide development and change to create distinct areas, or districts, where the character, forms, types of uses and activities benefit, complement and support each other. Figure 10-2: Envisioned High -Density Development in Tukwila Defined building bays to break ap length of building Fbl roofs o, rn.nled w Yh rnrudorai expression Mrahrtahral elenwms ro aMafe vefi[nl app.mand Less Irenape.enl only at caper stories iIIIt •II MI !ail •' -..ilk .. [I If Ail ti: MI ill 4e6. itii #HII :.. fflll i gill' j�• Rlli i li n1 �:f IH" •� Mill ifil >l ' I iiifwi�'/iMif ■(jiLJ •Bawl': FE11,2 iYY1111 1 rfiisllri l4.EpYi 1 ,b1PElfP SilE4q 11 i11 .Li gin 1'Liu,1fillii . iiu1� �. i<� �iij iii ' i pIiI iI Iii1 �` 41 IU Canopies ord w'ernengs to shelter pedeshionS Grand entrance leulure identified by massing and detailing Transparent Encode — at ground floor Figure 10-3: Envisioned Medium -Density Development in Tukwila Policy RC-S-1.4 Pedeatrtan-waled bulldtog facade Tukwila Urban Center (Southcenter) Residential Uses. To provide a diverse set of housing alternatives and locations, a large percentage of the City'sfuture housing needswillbeaccommodated in the urban center. Residential development is especiallyencouraged in proximityto water amenities or within walking distance of the Sounder commuter Regional Centers RC- 10 December 2024 DRAFT GOAL RC-S-2 rail/Amtrak station or the bus transit center, subject to design standards and incentives. Urban Development: The northern portion of the Southcenter area will contain a central focus area. Throughout Southcenter, the natural and built environments are attractive, functional, environmentally sustainable, and distinctive, and support a range of mixed uses promoting business, shopping, recreation, entertainment, and residential opportunities. ➢ URBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICIES Policy RC-S-2.1 Policy RC-S-2.2 Policy RC-S-2.3 Natural Environment: Recognize, protect, and enhance the open space network by: augmenting existing parks; enhancing access to passive and active recreation areas such asTukwila Pond,Minkler Pond, andthe Green River; and byimproving air and water quality and preserving natural resources, thereby effectively integrating the natural and built environments in Southcenter. In addition, recognize that open space amenities are attractors for awide range of uses, including housing and office (Figure X). Streets, Streetscape, and Pedestrian Environment. Create a "complete street" network that establishes a finer -grained street grid; reflects the demand and need for motor vehicles, transit, pedestrians, and bicyclists; and provides a safe, convenient, attractive, and comfortable pedestrian and bicycling environment. Ensure that street design eliminates potential conflicts, promotes safety for all modes of travel, and maintains emergency services response capabilities. Reinforce the different functions of streets by creating distinct identities for major rights -of -way (Figure 10-5). Site Development. Create regulations and design guidelines that result in high -quality sitedesign and enjoyable and safepedestrian environments, using site design techniques that include but are not limited to: ■ integrating architectural, site design and landscape elements. ■ supporting motor vehicle, transit service, and pedestrian traffic by ensuring that new development and infrastructure are designed and constructed consistent with adopted standards and subarea plans. ■ using physical and natural elements that enhance an area's overall aesthetic, including orienting a building to the street (Figure 10-6). ■ extending the street grid system Regional Centers RC- 11 December 2024 DRAFT Policy RC-S-2.4 Policy RC-S-2.5 Policy RC-S-2.6 Policy RC-S-2.7 Policy RC-S-2.8 Policy RC-S-2.9 Pedestrian Accessibility. Ensure that pedestrians have safe, convenient, and comfortable paths from adjacent public ways to key building entrances. This could include utilizing driveways or internal streets with sidewalks for access to primary entrances, or by providing clearly marked pathways through large parking lots from the public sidewalks and from parked cars to key building entrances. There should be minimum interruption to the pedestrian pathway by driveways and other vehicular conflicts (Figure 10-7). Siting and orientation of buildings and parking lots should create an environment that is conducive to walking in the northern part of the Southcenter area, particularly in the area between the Mall, the bus transit center, Tukwila Pond, and the Sounder commuter rail/Amtrak station. Require interior vehicular connection between adjacent parking areas wherever possible. Development standards will consider the needs of landowners, developers, businesses, and the community. Parking. Ensure an adequate supply of parking for visitors, employees, residents, and customers. Provide a variety of flexible regulations, strategies, and programs to meet, and over the longer term reduce, parking demands. Ongoing needs will also be assessed to ensure appropriate parking requirements and to encourage efficient and effective use of land in parking design. Building Design. Promote high quality architecture in Southcenter, with attention to standards and guidelines that: ■ Promote an appropriate display of scale and proportion. ■ Give special attention to developing pedestrian -oriented features and streetfront activityareas such asground floor windows, modulated building facades, and rich details in material andsignage. ■ Provide quality landscape treatment that emphasizes shade trees. ■ Provide an appropriate relationship to adjacent sites and features. ■ Encourage overall building quality, and sensitivity to — and respect for — the area's important natural amenities such as the Green River and Tukwila Pond. ■ Include property owners in developing urban design guidelines to ensure that the intent of this policy is met. Regional Centers RC- 12 December 2024 DRAFT Policy RC-S-2.10 Signage. Develop a directional sign program to aid pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists in wayfindingthrough Southcenter. Policy RC-S-2.11 Work collaboratively with Southcenter property owners, businesses, and community members to implement the vision for Southcenter, assess the potential to catalyze development intheSouthcenter area, and form an economic redevelopment strategy. Manufacturing Industrial Center GOAL RC-MIC-1 POLICIES Support for existing industrial activities in the Manufacturing/ Industrial Center and development of new industrial activity, in order to maximize the employment and economic benefits to the people of Tukwila and the region, while minimizing impacts on residential neighborhoods. Policies are designed to take advantage of the development and improvement opportunities offered by the MIC and to realize its full revenue and employment potential. Support New Development Policy RC-MIC-1.1 Support the efforts of existing industries to expand and new industrial businesses to develop in the Manufacturing/Industrial Center by providing them with economic data, information on available development sites, help in understanding and getting through the permit processes, and other appropriate assistance. PolicyRC-MIC-1.2 Assist landowners in remediating site problems caused by contaminated soil. Simplify Permit Processing These policies aim at reducing unpredictable permit conditions and permit review time. PolicyRC-MIC-1.3 Develop appropriate permit processes that minimize lengthy public review and simplify the development permit process, while providing meaningful opportunities for citizen input and protecting the environment. PolicyRC-MIC-1.4 Tailor Manufacturing/Industrial Center shoreline requirements to achieve consistency between Shoreline and MIC element goals and policies. Regional Centers RC- 13 December 2024 DRAFT Protect the Land Resource The land in the Manufacturing/Industrial Center must be used effectively to allow it to generate its potential of high -wage jobs and public revenue. Policy RC-MIC-1.5 Allow uses that are commonly associated with manufacturing and industry, including those directly supporting such activity, such as offices and laboratories, while limiting unrelated uses. PolicyRC-MIC-1.6 Develop and designate appropriate zoning, buffers, mitigation, and access opportunities where manufacturing zoning directly abuts or impacts residential zoning so that MIC uses may operate without significant degradation of the residential environment. Protect Adjacent Non -Industrial Land Uses from Negative Health Impacts PolicyRC-MIC-1.7 Minimize or mitigate potential health impacts of the activities in manufacturing/ industrial center on residential communities, schools, open space, and other public facilities. Improve Duwamish River Access The Duwamish River as a natural amenity can be an asset to the industrial community. PolicyRC-MIC-1.8 Support the Duwamish River becoming a natural feature amenity in the MIC PolicyRC-MIC-1.9 Improve public access and use of the west side of the river, protecting owner's rights to reasonable use and enjoyment, improve employee access to the east side of the river, and emphasize restoration on both sides of the river. Improve Transportation Flow Work with other governmental agencies to address transportation problems. PolicyRC-MIC-1.10 Reduce reliance on the single- occupancy vehicle for transportation of employees in and out of the MIC. Continue Intergovernmental Coordination Work with other jurisdictions as required to ensure that the economic purpose of the MIC is fulfilled. PolicyRC-MIC-1.11 Make appropriate adjustments to the boundaries between Tukwila, King County and Seattle. Regional Centers RC- 14 December 2024 DRAFT PolicyRC-MIC-1.11 Work with other jurisdictions to bring about necessary changes in laws and regulations and to develop other approaches to solving common problems. RELATED INFORMATION Southcenter ■ Vision 2050, Puget Sound Regional Council, 2020 ■ King County Countywide Planning Policies, November 2023 ■ Growth Transportation Efficiency Center (GTEC) Program, 2007 Manufacturing/Industrial Center Two MIC Reports (and their supporting documents) were prepared in 2010 and 2011 -these were not updated for this Comprehensive Plan Update. They will be revisited at a future date for compliance with Puget Sound Regional Council requirements: ■ MIC Background Report, 2010 ■ MIC Issues and Opportunities Report, 2011 o Attachment A: Business Stakeholder Survey Summary, 2011 o Attachment B: MIC Business Survey Tabulation, 2011 In 1997, the City developed a Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Manufacturing Industrial Center Implementation Plan.- That document included three elements: a revised shoreline plan for the area; a subarea plan; and proposed regulatory changes, including a SEPA Planned Action (where project level environmental review is completed during the subarea plan phase and development standards review). In the intervening 25+ years, the City has determined that this work should be updated again before its original intended purposes are continued. -A recommendation to update this analysis may emerge following the work to update the City's Centers plans required by the Puget Sound Regional Council.-_ The original document is linked below: ■ MIC Integrated GMA Implementation Plan ("Planned Action"), 1997 Regional Centers RC- 15 December 2024 • �fr City of Tukwila •r t Comprehensive Plan Housing Element WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • Estimates of current and future housing needs; and • Policies to preserve and improve the existing housing stock; encourage new housing that meets the full spectrum of the community's needs; and develop thriving, equitable neighborhoods. Purpose This Housing element describes how Tukwila's housing needs will be satisfied through 2044. This element is based on a detailed analysis of Tukwila's housing needs contained in the Housing Background Report; housing projections determined by ajoint committee including King County and its cities; and community engagement input. The goals and policies seek to guide City actions related to housing, including decisions related to development regulations, affordable housing, and other programs. In the coming years, the City will need to plan for growth while ensuring the existing and future housing stock serves the changing needs of Tukwila's population, reducing barriers that prevent low- and moderate - income households from living near their work or transit, and preserving housing that is affordably priced. Tukwila's future must include thriving, equitable neighborhoods where everyone has the opportunity to live in a safe, healthy, and affordable home in the "City of opportunity and the community of choice". Tukwila Neighborhoods Tukwila's residential neighborhoods are geographic areas, some with distinct boundaries such as waterways and freeways, and others with less obvious boundaries based on time of annexation. These neighborhoods are a mix of smaller -lot, built -out residential areas predominately built before World War II, large multi -family apartment complexes built in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, and newer areas characterized by larger houses. From the Comprehensive Plan's adoption in 1994 to the present, Tukwila residents have described the City as having a distinct character focused on community and livability.- The ten residential neighborhoods identified in previous Plan updates are shown in Figure 1 Exhibit X. INSERT EXHIBIT X December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 1 of 9 & City of Tukwila h Comprehensive Plan 1OTthst•a '0 S 126th St r280 St S 130th St 5130th 5t w .+ r f. S135ih5t M w 3 SIii 1]7Rl► ae ascade V i a 5 134th St TS 46. S 40th St a % ▪ on us io--eS e '4 ¢ ▪ a 5 142nd St 3 I, S 144th St ,P 4' .. ▪ S 144th St y S ]48th S! LA 4 [f' TUKWILA'S RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS 148th SI G t yf GI 15Qth St CA a ▪ �7 F�1 �' ' 5 152nd St m . u' S152EdSt u. 0.0.• in SairthCenler BNil i ..,.. v4^f k, Q fc 73 • S 156th St i - N Y S 158th St —` S1ElthSt 5 1 Both 5t Figure 1: Residential Neighborhoods h 5 SIrander Blvd 7 — � a Treci Ik ® � V▪ 4':C $,vd December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 2 of 9 • �fr City of Tukwila •r t Comprehensive Plan 1 Issues In developing the goals and policies for Tukwila's Housing Element, the following issues were identified. Housing Stock • Building age: Almost half of Tukwila housing units are more than fifty years old, and most units were constructed between 1960 and 1980. As of 2023, only a tenth of the existing units were constructed since 2000. Older buildings can be more expensive to maintain, especially for cost -burdened residents. If well -maintained and protected from displacement, however, these units can offer a naturally occurring affordable housing (NOAH) reservoir. • Housing size: Housing units available for rent tend to consist of studios and 1- and 2- bedroom units, while ownership units tend to have 3 or 4 bedrooms. However, renter households tend to be larger than homeowner households, creating a mismatch between need and availability. • Vacancy rates: Tukwila has very low vacancy rates. In 2021, the rental vacancy rate was 1.3% and the ownership vacancy rate was 1.4%. Low vacancy rates indicate a lack of housing supply, which makes it more difficult for existing residents and prospective renters and buyers to identify housing that might best suit them. Figure 224. Housing of different designs, ownership arrangements, and prices help meet the diverse needs of Tukwila residents. Home Ownership Options and Middle Housing Having a range of housing types to choose from facilitates a wider range of households being able to purchase a home. Homeownership can offer greater stability (vs. renting), as well as can provide the opportunity to build wealth and strengthen a household's resilience against the risk of displacement. December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 3 of 9 • �fr City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan Currently, most of Tukwila's housing stock consists of older single-family homes, and apartments in large multi -family developments. These limited options do not accommodate residents in all stages of life, including young adults, multigenerational families, older adults hoping to "age in place," and older adults looking to downsize. Single family houses, the only housing type allowed on most residential lots in Tukwila, are also generally the most expensive type of housing to purchase and develop per unit, meaning new units are financially out of reach for many households. "Middle housing" includes duplexes, townhouses, cottages, courtyard apartments, and other building types that fall between single family detached houses and high -density apartments. Middle housing tends to be more affordable to build and offers a greater variety of layouts and sizes that are better suited to the range of household types in Tukwila. Expanding the areas in which middle housing is allowed could help create new "starter homes" and offer the advantages of homeownership to a new generation. Figure 332. Middle housing illustrations. Housing Projections The Puget Sound Regional Council — the regional planning organization that develops growth projections — estimates that Tukwila will need a total of 14,239 J154 housing units by 2044, or 5,223045 more than the City's current most recent 2024 estimate of stock (9,23119'1 units), as shown in Table 1., To achieve this growth, roughly 240 new units will need to be developed every year. Achieving this target would increase the City's population to approximately 36,000 residents in 2044. Historically, there has been a large gap between the City's growth target and number of housing units actually constructed in the target period, although housing production increased since 2018, partly due to modified development regulations in the Southcenter urban center, and new development along Tukwila International Boulevard. Due to the slow growth, the King County Urban Growth Capacity recommends that the City adopt "reasonable measures" to accelerate housing production, potentially including changes to zoning, permitting procedures, or other measures. Table 1. Tukwila Housing Capacity and 2044 Targets Housing (Units) 7,869 954 6,500 14,369-454 Source: King County Urban Growth Capacity Report, 2021, and the City of Tukwila December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 4 of 9 • .V n City of Tukwila Comprehensive Plan Analysis of Tukwila's current zoning shows that the City has a total capacity for 7,475 new housing units within its zones that allow residential development, including anticipated housing units from projects in the development pipeline. Antiquated development regulations and extended permitting timelines, however, continue to inhibit and create barriers to new construction. Affordable Housing Targets and Anti -Displacement Concerns Under the Growth Management Act, cities and counties work together to plan for a sufficient supply of housing affordable to all income levels.'- Since 2021, cities and counties have coordinated to identify equitable individual housing targets that will meet regional housing needs. Tukwila's targets are shown in Table 4-2 below. Table 1-2. Tukwila Housing Supply and Need by Income Income band Share of Existing Units Share of Existing Households Share of New Unit Target Needed Housing Units Extremely low (0-30% AMI) Very low (30-50% AMI) Low (50-80% AMI) 4% 26% 35% Moderate (80-100% AMI) Higher (100-120% AMI) High (>120%AMI) 18% 10% 7% 23% 19% 16% 12% 30% 21% 4% 3% 19% 11% 1367* 274 214 610 692 51% 3,343 * Includes 471 needed permanent supportive housing units Source: King County Countywide Planning Policies With a significant supply of relatively affordable housing present in Tukwila, the City is already contributing significantly to countywide affordability. It is important to note that newly developed units available at costs lower than 120% AMI can be allocated to the >120% AMI level for target purposes. As new homes are created, it will be important to act to reduce impacts on vulnerable communities in Tukwila. These impacts may include displacement of naturally occurring affordable housing (NOAHs) and cultural anchors, such as businesses and places of worship. Displacement is most likely to occur in areas where zoning allows higher intensity development relative to other parts of the City (e.g., along Tukwila International Boulevard), and where 1 For a discussion of the relationship between AMI and housing affordability, see page 1 of the Housing Background Report. December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 5 of 9 • �fr City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan vulnerable communities such as low-income residents, recent immigrants, or non-White communities are present. This element includes policies intended to prevent displacement; preserve and maintain older, more affordable housing; and strengthen links with members of vulnerable communities. Goals and Policies The following goals and policies intend to help Tukwila establish vibrant neighborhoods and encourage new housing, while maintaining affordable housing and meeting the needs of low- income and special -needs households. Each goal is followed by a list of related policies. GOAL 1 — Support housing growth consistent with regional targets. H1.1 Ensure zoned capacity is sufficient and encourages housing construction sufficient to meet the regional growth target of at least 6,500 additional housing units by 2044. H1.2 Identify and remove excessive regulatory barriers to housing production. H1.3 Modify residential zoning designations and development standards to align with City goals, and periodically assess the amount of housing produced under these standards. H1.4 Encourage housing growth near major transit stops, especially high -capacity transit nodes and in Southcenter/Tukwila Urban Center. H1.5 Align development regulations to market conditions to reduce reliance on time - and funding -intensive development agreements. GOAL 2 — Promote safe, healthy, and affordable housing choices for residents of all income levels. H2.1 Encourage production in all neighborhoods of diverse housing types that are appropriate for residents in all stages of life and all household sizes. H2.2 Encourage housing development affordable to all income segments sufficient to meet needs consistent with adopted targets. H2.3 Encourage the creation of housing for different income levels in residential areas throughout the City. H2.4 Support the development of emergency housing, emergency shelters, and permanent supportive housing sufficient to meet adopted targets, and ensure that City regulations guiding such development are consistent with state and regional guidance. December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 6 of 9 • �fr City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan H2.5 Support siting of transitional housing and permanent supportive housing in any zones in which residential dwelling units or hotels are allowed, and siting of indoor emergency shelters and indoor emergency housing in any zone where hotels are allowed in accordance with state law. H2.6 Expand capacity for moderate density housing, i.e., "missing middle housing", in residential areas with low -density zoning throughout the City to increase home ownership and rental housing options. H2.7 Work with the owners and managers of Tukwila's new and existing permanent or long-term low-income housing to maximize housing desirability, protect long- term affordability, and strengthen community connections. H2.8 Strive to make alternative and affordable housing options available for residents currently living in substandard housing, such as pre -HUD code mobile homes. H2.9 Encourage housing design that improves resilience in the face of climate -change driven extreme weather events, such as flooding and extreme heat. GOAL 3 - Support collaborative efforts with other jurisdictions and organizations to assess housing needs, coordinate funding, and preserve and create affordable housing opportunities. H3.1 Support the equitable distribution of regional funds, such as Community Development Block Grants, interlocal-agreement sales taxes revenue, and other federal, State and County funding, for needed affordable housing. H3.2 Pursue establishing, or expanding, programs to provide tax incentives for increased housing development. H3.3 Play an active role in regional efforts to meet the needs of low-income community members, including monitoring of housing needs and updating city policies and regulations to align with regional goals. H3.4 Continue to work closely with South King Housing and Homelessness Partnership (SKHHP) and other partners to achieve development of subsidized affordable housing for very low-, low- and moderate -income households. GOAL 4 — Limit displacement impacts to vulnerable and historically underserved populations. H4.1 Identify and take action to remove City policies, rules, and programs that exacerbate racially disparate impacts. H4.2 Develop and implement strategies to reduce displacement of low-income households in areas of redevelopment. December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 7 of 9 • �fr City of Tukwila t Comprehensive Plan H4.3 Evaluate City actions for potential to increase displacement risk for naturally occurring affordable housing and vulnerable communities and mitigate or avoid taking actions that significantly increase this risk. H4.4 Support the long-term preservation of existing naturally occurring affordable housing developments by acting as a facilitator between affordable housing groups interested in purchasing units and property owners. H4.5 Continue to improve the condition of rental housing through administration of the Residential Rental Licensing and Inspection Program. H4.6 Continue to support the maintenance, weatherization, rehabilitation, and long- term preservation or replacement of existing housing for low- and moderate - income residents. H4.7 Continue to develop relationships with populations that have been historically underserved and are at risk of displacement to better understand needs and risks. H4.8 Support programs and City actions that increase homeownership opportunities for vulnerable populations. H4.9 Adopt renter protections to ensure stable housing for Tukwila Renters. GOAL 5 — Promote housing options that support personal fulfillment and a healthy social life and are appropriate for people in all stages of life. H5.1 Encourage development of housing that is appropriate for multi -generational families, including the development of accessory dwelling units (ADUs), middle housing, and family -sized apartments. H5.2 Review and update development code to support production of housing types that provide relatively affordable homeownership options, such as middle housing (including townhouses) and condominiums. H5.3 Encourage use of universal design principles in new housing development. H5.4 Assist in providing residents with the human services, economic development, and transportation needed to increase access to housing options. H5.5 Support community groups that actively work to improve neighborhood quality and strengthen the sense of community. H5.6 Encourage site and building design that helps reduce social isolation and supports active lifestyles. H5.7 Support the creation of co -housing, housing cooperatives, co -living buildings, and other types of housing that provide community -oriented housing alternatives for families, seniors, young singles, religious communities, or other groups with specific needs. December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 8 of 9 • �fr City of Tukwila •r t Comprehensive Plan Resources • Housing Background Report • Tukwila Transit Oriented Development Housing Action Plan 2020 • Puget Sound Regional Council VISION 2050 • King County Countywide Planning Policies 2021 • Regional South King County Housing Action Framework 2020: o Housing Strategies Framework o Housing Context Assessment Methods o Housing Policy Assessment • Regional Affordable Housing Task Force 2018 Report • Tukwila 2012 Strategic Plan • Adequate provisions checklist December 2024 DRAFT Housing Element Page 9 of 9 DRAFT Gcoaomic DeveeopitieNt WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • A description of Tukwila's economic setting, • A discussion of issues that affect economic development in the City, and • Goals, policies, and strategies for enhancing the community's economic well- being. PURPOSE The overriding goal of this element is to enhance the community's economic well-being. The Economic Development element recognizes the City's economy is strongly and directly influenced by the regional economy, while it still identifies policies and strategies the City can use to guide our local economy. The Economic Development element is a key component integrating all elements of the Comprehensive Plan, suggesting ways in which the City and its partners can use effective economic strategies in order to achieve the goals of the Plan. There are four primary ways in which the City can affect local economic activity: • Land use, transportation, and utility planning that determine, within the local regulation and infrastructure capacity, the space available for residential and nonresidential development; • Providing quality public services such as public safety, transportation, infrastructure, and recreation; • Directly or indirectly influencing private sector decisions as to location, operation, and development of business real estate, and • Helping coordinate public and private sector efforts to enhance the employability and job advancement potential of the residential population. The City's general approach to enhancing the community's economic well-being can be summarized as follows: • Sustain moderate growth in the sectors of retail and entertainment, advanced manufacturing, aerospace, clean technology, information technology, life - sciences, and tourism • Attract and retain businesses generating positive financial benefits for the City • Target family wage and higher salary industries • Improve and support the opportunities for education, skills training, and job acquisition for all Tukwila residents Economic Development ED - 1 December 2024 DRAFT • Provide capacity to meet Tukwila's employment targets as set by the Countywide Planning Policies • Encourage growth into certain areas through the use of zoning and developmental regulations • Encourage the retention and growth of existing local businesses, particularly for Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color, immigrant, refugee, LGBTQIA+, disabled, and women owned businesses • Encourage entrepreneurs, local startups and businesses to establish in Tukwila • Provide efficient and timely administration of City services • Respond to specific requests for assistance from local firms • Provide quality public services and infrastructure including public safety, transportation, utilities, and recreation to existing and future needs of the economic sector • Support job enhancement programs to increase residents' employability through coordination of private and public sector activities. The following are potential tools available to the City to enhance economic development in the City: • Business Improvement Areas (BIAs) • Local Improvement Districts (LIDs) • Transportation Benefit Districts • Tax Increment Financing (TIF) • Multi -family property tax exemption (MFTE) • Lodging tax and tourism promotion area (TPA) fees for tourism • Local, state, and federal government funding and private resources • Strategic sales of City property • Use of infrastructure investment • Funded, staffed, and administered economic development work group. Economic Setting The following statistics help set the background for economic development policies. The Economic Development Background Memo contains additional supporting information, including employment and housing growth targets per the Countywide Planning Policies. Population, Income and Revenue The population of Tukwila in 2023 was 22,780, an increase of approximately 3,264 from 2015 (OFM). The City's daytime population is estimated to be between 150,000 and 170,000. Taxes collected in 2015 were $45.2 million, which are projected to increase to $51.4 million in 2023. During the same period (2015 to 2023), the assessed valuation of the City grew from $5.00 billion to $8.98 billion. In 2015, there were 7,832 housing units; by 2023, this number had increased to 9,194 units. Economic Development ED - 2 December 2024 DRAFT In 2021, the median age of Tukwila residents was 36.1 years; over 11 % of all citizens were 65 or older; and 22.1 % of the residents were under 20. In 2021, residents of color were 67.4% of the population. Foreign -born residents account for 39.2% of the population, and more than 70 languages are spoken in the Tukwila School District. The median household income in the City in 2021 was $71,688, up from $45,923 in 2015. While Tukwila's median household income is still far below King County's median income of $106,326, this represents a substantial increase, consistent with regional trends. Employment In 2015, Tukwila had 2.41 jobs per resident, this number decreased to 2.01 in 2022 with a slight decrease in total jobs and slight increase in population. This ratio of jobs to residents is extremely high compared to other King County cities and regionally. There were at least 2,291 licensed businesses of all types in Tukwila in 2022. The total number of jobs in Tukwila has fluctuated since 2015, with impacts from COVID-19 seen across almost all sectors. In 2015, the City had approximately 47,000 jobs, whereas, by 2022 the total number of jobs in the City had fallen 2.4% to just under 46,000, with some rebounding trend from pandemic impacts. The Service sector composes the largest sector of jobs, with 32% of all jobs. Manufacturing is next with 19.1% of jobs in the City. The number of manufacturing jobs has been decreasing within Tukwila prior to this planning period, reflecting regional trends. Between 2015 and 2022 Tukwila lost almost 2,100 manufacturing sector jobs. This trend likely reflects the diminished presence of jobs with Boeing and other manufacturing firms in the City's industrial areas. Economic Development ED - 3 December 2024 DRAFT In 2022, retail accounted for 16.4% of jobs in Tukwila. Warehousing, transportation, and utilities made up 12.5%. 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Tukwila Covered Employment by Sector, 2015-2022 1 1 • 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 ■ Const_Res ■ FIRE ■ Manufacturing Retail ■ Services ■ WTU ■ Government ■ Education Services composed the largest percentage of jobs in 2022, with 32% of all jobs. Manufacturing (19.1%); Retail (16.4%); and Warehousing, Transportation and Utilities (12.5%) also make up sizable shares of Tukwila's employment. The shares of each sector, relative to each other, did not change significantly between 2015 and 2022. While the number of total jobs within Tukwila fluctuated between 2015 and 2022, most sectors remained fairly consistent in their share of total jobs. The Manufacturing and Service sectors displayed the largest decreases, at 4.0% and 1.7% respectively, while other sectors saw slight increases in share, with the FIRE (finance, insurance, and real estate) sector having the large proportional increase at 2.5%. SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTER (SBDC) The SBDC at Highline specializes in providing business and training services to entrepreneurs and existing businesses, in order to be successful in today's economy. The center provides: • Knowledgeable, trusted, and confidential one-on-one advice on all aspects of a business. • A link to 23 other SBDC centers in the Statewide network for additional advice. • Guidance on the purchase of an existing business or a franchise. • Assistance in finding sources of capital to grow a business. • Ideas about how an established business can move to the next level. • Benchmarking a company's performance with others to identify improvement opportunities. • Matching a businessperson with resources to accelerate the success trajectory of a business. • Developing prospect lists through targeted database searches. • Information about training and funding that can assist in growing a business. Economic Development ED - 4 December 2024 DRAFT ISSUES There are a number of issues and trends affecting economic development in the City of Tukwila: Financial Challenges • Retail Sales Tax: While Tukwila continues to enjoy the dominant role in attracting retail, dining, and entertainment spending in South King County, sales tax has not grown as fast as inflation. Retail sales tax in 2022 was only 1.5% above 2019's pre- covid level. Retail and entertainment are still very strong in Tukwila, but sales tax growth has gone elsewhere due to competition from other retail centers, the State's change to destination -based sales tax, and consumer demand for online shopping. • Property Tax: In 2001 Washington State voters passed an initiative that restricts cities' ability to levy their annual property tax to only 1 % above their prior highest lawful levy. New construction is added to the tax rolls above the 1 % limit, but then becomes part of the taxing district's levy and grows at a maximum of 1 %. This law limits Tukwila's property tax growth and poses challenges for funding City services when the inflation rate is greater than 1 %. Public Safety and Public Image • Tukwila has an excellent police department but still faces public safety challenges. Because Tukwila has millions of square feet of retail and is located at one of the busiest interchanges in the Pacific Northwest, it is a convenient location for shoplifting, car prowls, and other property crimes. The public perception of crime is often magnified because security businesses publish crime statistics on a per capita basis. Tukwila has a much higher crime rate per capita due to the large business sector and daytime population, compared to its small number of residents. In addition, the region's opioid and fentanyl crises have further blemished the public's perception of safety in the City. Other Challenges • Compared to King County as a whole, Tukwila's population has a significantly lower per capita income, $36,673 compared to $59,843, and higher poverty rate (12.4% compared to 9.4%) for 2021. Household median income is also lower than the county median at $71,688 compared to $106,326. Low per capita and household median incomes relative to the region limit funds available for Tukwila residents to support basic needs, save for larger purchases, and leaves them more susceptible to increasing or unexpected costs. Economic Development ED - 5 December 2024 DRAFT • Nearly all of the portion of Tukwila that lies on the valley floor south of 1-405 and east of 1-5 is protected by the Green River flooding by levees and embankments. The protection system is working, but maintenance, repairs, and improvements are becoming more complex and expensive, especially given the challenges of protecting the environment and endangered species in the river system. • Regional housing values and housing costs in the Puget Sound and Seattle region have increased significantly. This has led to development of some new single family and multi -family housing investments in Tukwila, however, as property values and housing prices increase, the risk of local residents being displaced increases. • Tukwila would like to receive additional office development since it can further support the retail sector, but the market demand for new office development is very limited. This is, in part, because office businesses preferred to be in downtown Seattle, Bellevue, or Redmond. Due to the significant increase in remote work, those office concentrations now have excess capacity. Boeing has been downsizing some of their facilities in Tukwila, but there is strong demand for manufacturing, warehouse, and distribution facilities. ProLogis and Amazon recently opened large, new facilities in Tukwila's manufacturing and industrial center (MIC). • The Tukwila International Boulevard neighborhood has an active and entrepreneurial business community but many of the businesses generate income insufficient to afford to make significant investments in physical improvements or growth. GOALS AND POLICIES The following goals and policies provide the pathway how the City can realize its economic development vision that as a vibrant community with a strong and sustainable economy that celebrates and empowers its diversity, supports economic prosperity for all residents, and sustains a foundation for businesses of all sizes. GOAL ED-1 A Vibrant, Diverse, and Resilient Economy Policy ED-1.1 Policy ED-1.2 Policy ED-1.3 Continue to strengthen and balance economic and workforce development with strategic housing growth in Tukwila to ensure an adaptable and diverse economic base that leverages Tukwila's many assets and ensures the City's financial stability. Attract and retain office, research, and development, advanced technology and manufacturing, aerospace, food manufacturing, and life sciences businesses, including those that provide services for export. Encourage commercial and mixed -use development that provides a range of job opportunities throughout the city and county to create a closer balance between the locations of jobs and housing. Economic Development ED - 6 December 2024 DRAFT Policy ED-1.4 Policy ED-1.5 Policy ED-1.6 Policy ED-1.7 Maintain support for and strengthen Tukwila's robust retail, hospitality, and experiential sectors. Evaluate the performance of economic development policies and strategies in developing businesses and creating middle -wage jobs. Make local investments to maintain and expand infrastructure and services that support local and regional economic development strategies. Focus investment where it encourages growth in designated centers and helps achieve employment targets. Promote the local workforce through priority hire programs that create middle -wage employment opportunities, encouraging workforce development partnerships, and identifying pipeline education or training opportunities. Regional Economy Policy ED-1.8 Coordinate local and countywide economic policies and strategies with VISION 2050 and the Regional Economic Strategy. Emphasize support for those industry clusters that are integral to that strategy. Policy ED-1.9 Prioritize growth of a diversity of middle -wage jobs and prevent the loss of such jobs from the region. Regional Centers Policy ED-1.10 Policy ED-1.11 Policy ED-1.12 Partnerships Concentrate economic and employment growth in designated regional, countywide, and local centers through local investments, planning, and financial policies. Support economic growth that, along with land use planning and infrastructure development, facilitates Tukwila meeting its designated regional growth targets. Work to reduce the risk of industrial displacement through a variety of anti -displacement strategies. Policy ED-1.13 Collaborate with the private sector to leverage catalytic development sites. Policy ED-1.14 Build and maintain relationships with property owners and businesses. Economic Development ED - 7 December 2024 DRAFT Site Selection and Development Policy ED-1.15 Policy ED-1.16 Facilitate redevelopment of contaminated sites through local, county, and state financing and other strategies that assist with planning, site design, and funding for environmental remediation. Continue working to achieve the vision in the Tukwila International Boulevard District and Southcenter District, emphasizing walkability, placemaking, and community gathering opportunities. GOAL ED-2 A Safe, Desirable, and Healthy Community with a Positive Identity Policy ED-2.1 Policy ED-2.2 Policy ED-2.3 Policy ED-2.4 Policy ED-2.5 Policy ED-2.6 Enhance Tukwila's public safety perceptions and sense of place and support a positive identity as a city in which to "Live, Work, Stay and Play" — a community of choice for businesses, residents and visitors with outstanding transportation, quality housing, fun experiences, amenities, and supportive services. Improve perceptions of public safety through crime reduction, visible enforcement, improved communications, and messaging. Invest in placemaking efforts that stimulate and instill community pride, improve quality of life, and welcome visitors. Promote positive aspects of the Tukwila community to the region. Add to the vibrancy and sustainability of our communities and community health and well-being by ensuring the provision of safe and convenient access to local services, neighborhood -oriented retail, purveyors of healthy food (e.g., grocery stores and farmers markets), and sufficient transportation choices. Promote Tukwila's natural environment as a key economic asset and work to improve access to it as an economic driver. Work cooperatively with local businesses to protect and restore the natural environment in a manner that is equitable, efficient, predictable, and complements economic prosperity. Economic Development ED - 8 December 2024 DRAFT GOAL ED-3 Prosperity and Opportunity for Businesses, Workers, and Residents Policy ED-3.1 Policy ED-3.2 Policy ED-3.3 Expand avenues of durable economic success for workers, entrepreneurs, business owners, and residents in Tukwila, including workforce development, with a focus on shared prosperity, opportunity, and social responsibility for local communities. Promote the local workforce through priority hire programs that create middle -wage employment opportunities in historically disadvantaged communities. Direct investments to community and economic development initiatives that elevate equitable economic opportunity for those communities most marginalized and impacted by disinvestment and economic disruptions. Workforce Development and Partnerships Policy ED-3.4 Improve awareness of, and access to, education and workforce development resources. Policy ED-3.5 Facilitate connections between employers and education and workforce development institutions, seeking to increase graduation rates and develop a highly educated and skilled local workforce. Align and prioritize workforce development efforts with Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color communities; immigrant and refugees; and other marginalized communities. Policy ED-3.6 Act as a resource to residents and workers connecting them to workforce development organizations. Policy ED-3.7 Encourage private, public, and non-profit sectors to incorporate environmental stewardship and social responsibility into their practices. Encourage development of established and emerging industries, technologies and services that promote environmental sustainability, especially those addressing climate change and resilience. GOAL ED-4 A Supportive Environment for Business and Entrepreneurs Policy ED-4.1 Maintain a strong, supportive environment for local, independent, small, and micro -businesses and the entrepreneurial ecosystem to ensure they continue to flourish in Tukwila while attracting new business activities to the City. Policy ED-4.2 Where possible, ease regulations that challenge small businesses. Economic Development ED - 9 December 2024 DRAFT Policy ED-4.3 Policy ED-4.4 Policy ED-4.5 Policy ED-4.6 Policy ED-4.7 Policy ED-4.8 Policy ED-4.9 Ensure that business and entrepreneurial resources are available to those with least access, including people of color, immigrants, and refugees. Ensure that Tukwila projects an 'open for business' culture, and help businesses thrive through: • Transparency, efficiency, and predictability of local regulations and policies; • Communication and partnerships between business, government, schools, civic and community organizations, and research institutions; and • Government contracts with local businesses. Foster a broad range of public -private partnerships to implement economic development policies, programs, and projects, including partnerships with community groups. Ensure such partnerships share decision -making power with and spread benefits to community groups. Use partnerships to foster connections between employers, local vocational and educational programs, and community needs. Identify, support, and leverage key regional and local assets to the economy, including assets that are unique to our region's position as an international gateway, such as major airports, seaports, educational facilities, research institutions, health care facilities, long -haul trucking facilities, and manufacturing facilities. Support the regional food economy including the production, processing, wholesaling, and distribution of the region's agricultural food and food products to all King County communities. Emphasize improving access for communities with limited healthy, affordable, and culturally relevant food options. Develop and implement systems that provide a financial safety net during economic downturns and recovery. Direct resources in ways that reduce inequities and build economic resiliency for those communities most negatively impacted by asset poverty. GOAL ED-5 A Community that Values Diversity and Access to Opportunity Policy ED-5.1 Foster a business community in Tukwila that welcomes and empowers residential and business diversity in all its forms while capturing increased market share and building resilience to economic shocks. Economic Development ED - 10 December 2024 DRAFT Policy ED-5.2 Policy ED-5.3 Policy ED-5.4 Policy ED-5.5 Policy ED-5.6 Policy ED-5.7 Seek to understand the dynamics, needs, and relationships within communities, and where possible, provide crucial technical support and regulatory relief where feasible for small businesses owned by those with least access, including people of color, immigrants, and refugees. Highlight the dynamic diversity of local communities as a means to enhance social capital, neighborhood cohesion, the county's global relationships, and support for cultural and arts institutions. Promote business diversity by signaling public sector support and ensure public investment decisions protect culturally significant economic assets and advance the business interests of Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color communities; immigrant and refugees; and other marginalized communities. Eliminate and correct for historical and ongoing disparities in income, employment, and wealth by building opportunities for Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color; women; and other intersecting marginalized identities. Promote an economic climate that is supportive of business formation, expansion, and retention, and that emphasizes the importance of small businesses, locally owned businesses, women -owned businesses, and businesses with Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color; immigrant and refugee; LGBTQIA+; disabled; and women -owned or -led businesses, in creating jobs. Stabilize and prevent the economic displacement of small, culturally relevant businesses and business clusters during periods of growth, contraction, and redevelopment. Mitigate displacement risks through monitoring and adaptive responses. RELATED INFORMATION King County Countywide Planning Policies (2022) Vision 2050 (2021) Economic Development Element strategy Economic Development ED - 11 December 2024 NatnraC environment WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER • A description of the natural resources and environmentally critical areas present in the City of Tukwila; • A discussion of local City efforts to protect Tukwila's natural resources; and • Goals and Policies for protecting sensitive natural resources, including the urban forest. PURPOSE This element of the Comprehensive Plan addresses the City's natural environment — air, land, and water resources — by guiding future development in a manner that protects the community's environment and resilience in the face of change, improves the quality of life in the City, and provides protection of community residents from natural hazards. To be healthy and sustainable, a community must integrate the natural environment into urban development design. The natural environment and its associated ecological processes provide many benefits to Tukwila, including: • Visual relief from the hard, constructed surfaces of urban development; • Fish and wildlife habitat; • Air and water quality; • Surface water runoff management; • Recreational opportunities for interaction with nature; • Human health; and • Aesthetic and economic benefits. Trees and vegetation also provide critical environmental services which, in turn, affect the quality of life of residents, visitors, daytime workers and neighboring communities. Some of the benefits of trees are shown as follows. Natural Environment EN - 1 December 2024 DRAFT Benefits of Trees ENVIRONMENTAL • Fish and wildlife habitat • Improved air quality • Storm water mitigation • Reduced energy consumption • Sequestration of carbon • Stabilization of slopes SOCIAL • Lower crime rates • Mental health benefits • Improved physical health • Aesthetics and quality of life CONOMIC • Consumer satisfaction/ increased spending • Increased property values • Reduced maintenance of road surfaces (shade) • Green infrastructure — reduced cost over installing and maintaining surface water infrastructure The City conducted a required periodic update of its critical areas regulations in 2018 and 2019. This included a Public Outreach Plan that used a variety of methods to notify the general public and property owners including an open house, mailings, notice in a stormwater bill, postings on the City's website, creation of a broadcast email group that received updates of the process, and articles in the City's Hazelnut newsletter. The Natural Environment Element sets forth goals and policies to guide the protection and management of wetlands, watercourses, springs, fish and wildlife habitat areas, and geologically hazardous areas — collectively called "environmentally critical areas". It also includes goals and policies related to flood management, surface water management, water quality, and the urban forest (the combination of trees, shrubs and other plants that make up the formal landscaped areas of the City and the natural areas in our parks and on private property). The policies and development regulations in Tukwila are guided by the Washington State Growth Management Act (RCW 36.70A.050; WAC 365-190). Through the application of best available science (BAS) that protects the functions and values of critical areas, including providing "special consideration" for measures that preserve or enhance anadromous fisheries, the City manages its land uses to ensure the protection of the community's important natural areas,1; Tukwila Pond serves as both wetland habitat and temporary stormwater storage. [Image] Southgate Creek is an example of a watercourse with little riparian protection from urban impacts. [Image] 1 RCW 36.70A.030(6), RCW 36.70A.172, WAC 365-190-080; Best Available Science - see WAC 365-195-900 through-925. Natural Environment EN - 2 December 2024 DRAFT THE STATE OF TUKWILA'S URBAN ENVIRONMENT Tukwila encompasses about nine square miles, and much of the city lies within an extensive valley centered on the Lower Green/Duwamish River watershed. The valley is virtually flat and almost entirely built out except for the currently undeveloped Tukwila South area. The upland areas of the City have rolling topography and numerous areas with steep and potentially unstable slopes. Many of the steep hillsides are forested with second - or third -growth trees and understories with a mix of native and invasive vegetation. These areas —together with the City's numerous streams, wetlands, springs, and the River — provide important fish and wildlife habitat that coexist with the built environment. The following is a summary of conditions in the constituent elements of Tukwila's environment. The City conducted a required periodic update of its critical areas regulations in 2018 and 2019. This included a Public Outreach Plan that used a variety of methods to notify the general public and property owners including an open house, mailings, notice in a stormwater bill, postings on the City's website, creation of a broadcast email group that received updates of the process, and articles in the City's Hazelnut newsletter. In 2025, the City will revisit its Critical Area regulations to ensure that they reflect current best practices and recent legislative requirements. WETLANDS AND WATERCOURSES As urban development has occurred, natural drainage corridors have been altered or placed in culverts, and wetlands have been filled. Remnant wetlands remain in some of the City's parks, on undeveloped slopes (formed by springs and groundwater seeps), in freeway interchanges, and in other areas of the City. Wetlands and watercourses have been provisionally identified and mapped on the City's -Environmentally Critical Areas Map. The City has purchased Tukwila Pond and Macadam wetland for preservation. Tukwila Pond serves as both a wetland and temporary storm water storage pond for commercial development on its north side. Macadam wetland collects mostly natural surface water from the steep slopes located on its east side. FISH SPECIES IN TUKWILA Fish species found in the Green/Duwamish River include the following: • Cutthroat trout • Puget Sound Chinook salmon (threatened) • Puget Sound Steelhead (threatened) • Chum salmon • Coho salmon • Pink salmon • Sockeye salmon • Bull trout (threatened) Resident Cutthroat trout are found in Tukwila's streams, as well as other fish and aquatic species. (Cutthroat trout photo courtesy of Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife.) Natural Environment EN - 3 December 2024 DRAFT Stream alterations have affected wildlife and fish habitat. There are a few remaining open channels in the four main streams in Tukwila (Johnson Creek, Gilliam Creek, Southgate Creek and Riverton Creek), which have been channelized, relocated and piped for much of their length. Construction of urban streets and highway systems and driveways required watercourses to be placed in culverts, which have blocked or made fish passage difficult. All the streams discharge into the Green/Duwamish River. Stormwater Runoff — coupled with steep slopes in the upper reaches of Gilliam, Southgate and Riverton Creeks — has caused scouring and erosion in the stream channels, resulting in deepened ravines with steep banks, instability, bank erosion and downstream sedimentation. The lower reaches of Tukwila's streams are generally lacking in pools and woody debris, which are important for good fish habitat. Thus, the open reaches of Tukwila's streams are generally in deteriorated conditions with poor riparian habitat and narrow buffers. In fact, many tributaries of the urban watercourses flow in roadside ditches with little protection from urban impacts. Recent City -led projects to remove flap -gates are working at enriching stream habitat at River outlets by removing barriers, increasing complexity, replanting, and increasing hydrologic connectivity. FISH AND WILDLIFE The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has mapped and identified priority habitats and species in Tukwila to ensure their protection and management. They include: the Green/Duwamish River; reaches of Gilliam Creek, Southgate Creek and Riverton Creek; riparian areas (areas adjacent to streams and rivers) and freshwater wetlands. Also mapped are wetland complexes and Johnson Creek in Tukwila South. WDFW has also inventoried and mapped barriers to fish passage in Tukwila as part of a larger Statewide effort. A federal court injunction ordered Washington State agencies to repair culverts that block fish passage in violation of the Stevens Treaties that ensured tribal right to fish "at usual and accustomed" places. While the federal injunction does not apply to local jurisdictions such as Tukwila, there are county, state and federal programs supporting the repair of barriers to fish passage within local jurisdictions. The City's Surface Water Comprehensive Plan includes the inventoried list and additional information on barriers to fish passage within Tukwila. The City of Tukwila advocates for barrier removal through multi -benefit approach capital improvement projects in conjunction with other surface water priorities including drainage and water quality improvements, flood protection, and salmon habitat restoration when funding opportunities present. The Shoreline Master Program provides more detail on the City's involvement with the Water Resource Inventory Area 9 (WRIA 9) and the Green/Duwamish River Salmon Habitat Plan, which guides local sponsor restoration planning and implementation for Chinook salmon habitat. Volunteers removing invasive blackberry - Duwamish River Shoreline Restoration Project [Image] Community volunteers stocking Coho salmon in Southgate Creek. [Image] Natural Environment EN - 4 December 2024 DRAFT Pacific tree frog at wetland restoration site. [Image] Tukwila residents and businesses are actively involved in stewardship, wildlife protection, and enhancement through City -sponsored activities such as Green Tukwila, as well as in private initiatives to restore shorelines and open spaces and annually stock and incubate Coho salmon eggs in local creeks. In addition, the City's NPDES program works to educate citizens, businesses, and school age children on ways to improve water quality and directly benefit salmon habitat. Waterfowl areas in Tukwila include Tukwila Pond and the wetlands in Tukwila South, both of which provide important winter habitat for migrating waterfowl and permanent habitat for other waterfowl. More than 50 species of birds have been recorded at Tukwila Pond. Other bird species found in Tukwila include osprey, which regularly nest near the Green/ Duwamish River; hawks; and passerine birds. Other wildlife species found in Tukwila include harbor seals, coyotes, deer, Eastern Grey squirrels, beaver, otter, nutria, turtles (mostly non-native red -eared sliders), garter snakes, snails, amphibians (non-native bullfrogs, native Pacific tree frogs and salamanders), opossum, and raccoons. FLOOD MANAGEMENT Tukwila's urban center, the light industrial and manufacturing area south of South 180th Street, part of Tukwila South, and Fort Dent Park are protected from flooding of the Green River by levee systems. The City participates in the National Flood Insurance Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which has mapped regulated floodplains in Tukwila. Mapped floodplains and the levee systems are explained in more detail in the Shoreline Element of the Comprehensive Plan. Impervious surfaces and the reduction of natural wetland functions have caused localized flooding from streams periodically, at varying levels of severity on some areas of public right-of-way, as well as private properties where inadequate or no surface water infrastructure exists. The City has resolved many of the flooding problems through improvements to surface water infrastructure. The surface water management system (surface water utility) is described in more detail in the Utilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan. More detailed information on localized flooding problems is provided in the City's Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan. EARTH RESOURCES AND GEOLOGIC HAZARDS The City has mapped areas with steep and unstable slopes, including active landslide areas, to ensure that there is adequate review of slope stability if development is proposed in these areas. In addition, there are coal formations on the southwest side of Interurban Avenue South, some of which have been mined and are defined as environmentally critical areas based on the City of Tukwila Abandoned Underground Coal Mine Hazard Assessment, May 1990. Natural Environment EN - 5 December 2024 DRAFT WATER QUALITY The City has conducted periodic water quality studies that have indicated Tukwila's streams and the Green/Duwamish River suffer from poor water quality due to stormwater runoff, small buffers, and suboptimal vegetation. Rain events wash contaminants off rooftops, driveways, sidewalks, parking lots and roads into the watercourses. Runoff from these areas can contribute to high temperatures in urban streams and carry contaminants into streams and wetlands. New developments are required to implement Green Stormwater Infrastructure2and comply with flow control and water quality treatment requirements intended to moderate and treat discharges that flow towards streams. There are, however, still areas of Tukwila where runoff from impervious surfaces discharges directly to streams and the river with no treatment. (See Natural Environment Element Regulatory Background Report for more information on water quality.) Riparian habitat plays a valuable role in protecting stream water quality. Adequately sized and healthy riparian buffers help to mitigate a variety of pollutant impacts. Shade streams reduce the high water temperatures that contribute to anaerobic stream conditions, which have lethal effects on fish and other aquatic species. Unfortunately, most of Tukwila's streams have poor quality, narrow, riparian areas. AIR QUALITY Tukwila lies in the air quality region made up of King, Kitsap, Pierce and Snohomish counties. Air quality is monitored and managed by the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency. Through the efforts of the Clean Air Agency, King County as a whole generally has good air quality, however, climate conditions have increasingly had an impact on air quality in Tukwila and the region. Wildfires have created air quality concerns as harmful chemicals and tiny particles suspended in the air create health issues for the public. During these periods of smoke exposure, the City follows the guidance of regional, state, and national health, emergency management, and air quality partners in providing public education and community response options. Tukwila is divided throughout by significant transportation corridors, including Interstates 5 and 405, as well as Washington 599, and Washington 518. These road systems have been found to negatively impact community health. A study completed by the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency (PSCAA) documented that some areas of Tukwila bear among the worst air quality health impacts from road systems within King, Pierce, Snohomish, and Kitsap counties. "Tukwila/Allentown" was identified as the most impacted of the "Highly Impacted Communities", and the "Tukwila/Kent" area experienced the third worst air quality. Much of that impact comes from diesel pollution, as well as industrial source pollution. 2 "Green" stormwater infrastructure is designed to mimic nature and capture rainwater where it falls. See Glossary. Natural Environment EN - 6 December 2024 DRAFT In addition, the Duwamish Valley south of Seattle suffers from higher particulate pollution levels that are damaging to human health. This corridor provides valuable economic services to the region in terms of transportation corridors, industry, and commerce, which comes at a cost to the area's inhabitants. CLIMATE CHANGE The impacts of climate change in Tukwila affect several aspects of the natural environment, as well as the provision of utilities to its residents. Climate modelling indicates that the region will experience warmer temperatures, changing the precipitation pattern towards less snow and more rain during the winter. This poses challenges to flood hazard mitigation within Tukwila and the valley, and also will impact the regional water supply. Climate change causes sea levels to rise, which would affect the tidally influenced portions of the Green/Duwamish River, raising water levels in the river and causing tidal waters to reach further upriver and into streams. This, in turn, could impact flood hazard mitigation measures and fish and wildlife habitat, with particular detriment to salmon. Other possible effects of climate change could include new and increased insect infestations in the City's urban forest; changes in wildlife behavior and diversity; increased demands on City resources; and reduced availability of water supplies for drinking water, irrigation of gardens, landscaped areas, street trees and parks. Per the GMA (RCW 36.70a.070.9), Tukwila is required to develop a Climate Change and Resiliency element of its Comprehensive Plan. This element, due in 2029, will identify opportunities to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions and enhance the City's resilience in avoiding the impacts of climate change. As noted, one such change is the increase in sea level. The potential for sea level rise in Tukwila is addressed in the work of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. These future conditions should be considered as land develops or redevelops in the City. The City's Climate Element will address these issues more fully. Increases in temperatures could exacerbate existing heat island effects in the highly developed areas of the City where there is a significant amount of impervious surface (buildings, streets, and parking lots). Recently, King County created a heat map', showing how Tukwila, with a relatively large, paved footprint, can reach extremely high temperatures and is unable to cool at night during extreme heat events. Tukwila residents and workers are thus being increasingly exposed to heat -related illness, at an inequitable rate as compared to other parts of the region. This underscores the importance of increasing tree canopy in these areas to help reduce temperatures during the summer months, particularly over impervious surfaces such as parking lots. High water temperatures are already a problem for salmon in the Green/Duwamish River, where there is a lack of shade from trees along the shoreline in many areas. Restoration plantings and maintaining large trees on the shoreline will help improve conditions for salmon in the river and in its tributaries and help to reduce even greater water temperatures that could be caused by climate change. 3https://kingcounty.gov/en/legacy/elected/executive/constantine/news/release/2021/j une/23-heat-mapping-resu Its Natural Environment EN - 7 December 2024 DRAFT TUKWILA'S URBAN FOREST A tree engulfed by invasive English ivy. [Image] The "City of Tukwila Urban Tree Canopy Assessment," was last updated 2012, although work is underway to update the study. The assessment quantifies existing urban tree canopy, as well as impervious surfaces, surface water, grasslands, and bare soils. Assessment information shapes the basis for several new goals and policies relating to the urban forest. (See the assessment report appended to this chapter of the Comprehensive Plan.) The City is fortunate to have remnant stands of second- or third -growth native forests and good canopy coverage in its low density residential areas -- on undeveloped steep slopes and in some of its parks (for example, Crystal Springs Park and Tukwila Park). However, these forest stands lack active management and suffer from over -crowding, lack of diversity, and infestations of invasive plants like blackberry and ivy, all of which compromise their sustainability. Trees in undeveloped areas are threatened by future development. Aging trees in already -developed residential and commercial areas become hazardous and require removal and are not always replaced with new trees. Many landslide hazard slopes in Tukwila currently enjoy the protection of canopy coverage, however the lack of active management leaves this protective factor vulnerable to threats. The City has street trees of varying species, sizes, health, and maturity planted on City rights -of -way throughout Tukwila. They range from large canopy trees to small canopy or young trees that do not provide many benefits. Street trees often do not get replaced when they are damaged or removed and do not all get the level of care or the conditions they need to thrive. Shade trees cover is gradually improving in most of the City's commercial parking lots and other landscaped areas with the implementation of new tree codes and code enforcement. Trees in these areas are often improperly pruned or removed and not replaced. Trees throughout the City are frequently damaged by installation or maintenance of infrastructure and new development. The Green/Duwamish River and the City's streams generally have narrow riparian buffers, the result of development occurring before protective buffer widths were required. These too -small buffers have been impacted by urbanization, and the increasing amounts of impervious surface, reducing the amount of urban forest in these areas. Some reaches of the river are characterized by large native canopy trees (Foster Golf Course, for example), while in other areas there is little to no tree canopy and large expanses of invasive vegetation instead. Trees have been removed from the Green River levee south of SR 405 to meet Corps of Engineers requirements. New efforts to increase multi -benefit approaches to flood control may take ecology further into account. Natural Environment EN - 8 December 2024 DRAFT Several environmental restoration projects to enhance the urban forest have been completed and also are underway in the City's parks, wetlands, and streams, and along the Duwamish River. Trees have been planted along the river by King County as mitigation for removal of trees elsewhere. The City also plants hundreds of trees in its parks each year; requires trees as part of landscaping for commercial, industrial, office and multi -family developments; and requires tree replacement in environmentally critical areas. The City does not have, however, a comprehensive written urban forestry plan, street tree, or other program in place to ensure retention, protection, and maintenance of a healthy urban forest across all areas of the City. A program to improve the urban forest should include the following emphasis: • Preservation of existing trees and forest; • Preservation and improvement of the "tree -growing" environment (i.e., adequate growing conditions for trees); • Planting for the long term (i.e., ensuring that the right tree is placed in the right place with sufficient provisions for tree maintenance and care); • Monitoring for emerging threats to the urban forest; and • Promotion of the environmental equity goals that should be realized in the urban forest. REGULATIONS In addition to the State Growth Management Act, many regulations at the federal, State, and local levels apply to the management of Tukwila's natural environment. More information can be found in the Background Report for this Element. ISSUES In the Natural Environment Element, several key issues are addressed that reflect new community priorities and respond to new regulations at the local, regional, State, and federal levels. The goals and policies that follow respond to these identified issues. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP In order to foster best practices for protecting Tukwila's environmental quality, improve the protection and restoration of the City's environmentally critical areas and fish and wildlife habitat, and improve air and water quality, the City needs to provide information and education to the community in various forms. In addition, the City should continue to expand efforts, in collaboration with other organizations and businesses, to engage the community through hands-on environmental stewardship and restoration activities. Policies regarding the protection of fish and wildlife and climate change are also important to incorporate into the Natural Environment Element. ENVIRONMENTALLY CRITICAL AREAS Although Tukwila has enacted significant revisions to its Environmentally Critical Areas regulations over the years, most recently in 2020, new policies are needed to reflect the Natural Environment EN - 9 December 2024 DRAFT current best available science information, and new federal and State regulations and guidelines. Tukwila also needs to improve the protection of watercourses and find mechanisms and resources to ensure that compensatory mitigation is successful for the long term. A great deal of nonconforming development was legally established prior to current regulations and continues to negatively impact the quality of the City's buffers. To ameliorate the impact of these damaging developments, the City should partner with, and provide incentives to, landowners to encourage redevelopment that conforms to current standards. FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT The listing of Puget Sound Chinook salmon and Bull Trout under the Endangered Species Act has underscored the need for the City to protect and restore habitat for fish and other wildlife. Continued restoration efforts and new sources of funding are needed to carry out habitat restoration on the Green/Duwamish River and its tributaries. The City must continue to be actively involved in shaping programs and helping implement the WRIA 9 Salmon Habitat Enhancement Plan, in collaboration with other local jurisdictions and county, State and federal government agencies. WATER QUALITY More efforts are needed to improve and protect water quality in the City's wetlands, watercourses, springs, and the Green/Duwamish River; therefore, the City needs to ensure that adequate resources are available. Programs for monitoring water quality, retrofitting surface water management systems where there are water quality problems, and improving riparian buffers are important actions for the City to carry out. SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT With new State requirements for the management of surface water, the City must modify its surface water regulations and begin implementing and requiring low -impact development techniques for surface water system retrofits and for new development. The City operates its street drain network (MS4) under a State issued NPDES Permit (Permit) and manages the ditches, swales, ponds, pipes, vaults, catch basins and manholes to be consistent with an approved manual of Best Management Practices (BMPs). The MS4 Permit requires the City to use an approved manual. Tukwila adopted the King County Surface Water Design Manual and all its appendices and correlations to control construction permits along with public and private operations and maintenance of all components of the surface water system, including groundwater. FLOOD MANAGEMENT Because the City has levees along parts of the Green/Duwamish River to reduce flood potential, it is necessary for the City to coordinate with County and federal officials and neighboring local jurisdictions, on maintenance and rebuilding of the levees and ensuring that federal certification is continued, where applicable. Also, due to the listing of Chinook salmon and other aquatic species under the Endangered Species Act and Corps of Engineers policies limiting vegetation on levees, the City needs to be involved in efforts to Natural Environment EN - 10 December 2024 DRAFT achieve good riparian conditions, while not compromising the integrity of levees or losing federal certification. The King County Flood Control District prioritizes the design and implementation of a multi - benefit floodplain approach that reduces flood risks, ensures public safety, and restores river ecosystems in an equitable and just manner. The ten multi -benefits include: equity and social justice, environmental justice, habitat protection and salmon recovery, jobs and sustainable livelihoods, open space conservation, productive and viable agriculture, recreational opportunities, resilient communities and ecosystems, sustainable and clean water, and sustainable development. EARTH RESOURCES The definition of steep slopes should be clarified, and new policies are needed to require setbacks and better protect trees on steep slopes. TREES AND THE URBAN FOREST The City needs to establish policies and programs to protect and enhance the urban forest, including enforcing and continually improving policies for protecting trees, increasing tree canopy, and ensuring sufficient resources to properly maintain trees, improve tree health, and reduce potential hazards to the public. GOALS AND POLICIES Environmental Quality and Stewardship GOAL EN-1 The City's air, land, and water resources are restored and protected for future generations and are resilient to a changing climate. POLICIES Policy EN-1.1 Policy EN-1.2 Policy EN-1.3 Anticipate the effects of climate change by incorporating Best Available Science, considering long-term climate change projections, and planning for adaptative management of City regulations and internal procedures, as needed. Develop and implement environmental strategies that use integrated and interdisciplinary approaches to environmental assessment and planning, in coordination with local jurisdictions, tribes, and other stakeholders. Collaborate with federal, state, and tribal fish and wildlife agencies to identify priority habitats and species, to establish appropriate protections to ensure no net loss of ecological functions and values. Natural Environment EN - 11 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-1.4 Policy EN-1.5 Policy EN-1.6 GOAL EN-2 POLICIES Policy EN-2.1 Provide guidance to assist applicants in understanding and complying with federal and State fish and wildlife regulations for all public and private sector projects. Develop and implement programs that encourage and incentivize Tukwila residents and businesses to take active measures to protect, enhance, and plan for changing conditions of Tukwila's natural environment to increase climate resiliency. Such measures could include, but are not limited to, the use of Low Impact Development (LID) techniques, natural streambank restoration, non -toxic lawn care, and composting and recycling. Identify and preserve regionally significant open space networks through implementation of the Regional Open Space Conservation Plan. Develop strategies and funding to protect lands that provide the following valuable functions: a. Ecosystem linkages and migratory corridors crossing jurisdictional boundaries; b. Physical or visual separation providing buffers between incompatible uses; c. Active and passive outdoor recreation opportunities; d. Wildlife habitat and migration corridors that preserve and enhance ecosystem resiliency in the face of urbanization and climate change; e. Preservation of ecologically sensitive, scenic, or cultural resources; and f. Urban green space, habitats, and ecosystems. An educated public that understands the importance of protecting and enhancing the functions and values of environmentally critical areas, including fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas, wetlands, floodplains, and the Green/Duwamish River, and actively assists in their stewardship. Develop and expand free or low-cost educational programs and materials for the community about the benefits of protecting and enhancing the City's environmentally critical areas, the urban forest and wildlife habitat, and individual responsibilities for their stewardship in a changing climate. The City should continue to develop and support community -oriented wildlife educational programs, such as the Tukwila Backyard Wildlife Program, and communicate the requirements of City environmental regulations so as to maximize compliance and minimize code enforcement actions and environmental degradation. Natural Environment EN - 12 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-2.2 Policy EN-2.3 Water Resources GOAL EN-3 Provide individualized education and technical support to residential property owners and general guidance to businesses regarding environmental stewardship and climate change resiliency strategies. Collaborate with environmental organizations and businesses to support recruiting and training of environmental stewards, identify and sponsor restoration projects, incorporate climate change -focused strategies and provide logistical support for their work. Action should be taken to encourage expanding the citizen volunteer base in Tukwila for restoration and enhancement of the City's natural areas to promote the continued health of these systems. Water resources that function as a healthy, integrated system; provide a long-term public benefit from enhanced environmental quality; are resilient from a range of climate -related events including increased flood events, changes in water temperature, and drought; and have the potential to reduce public infrastructure costs. Wetlands/ Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas GOAL EN-4 POLICIES Policy EN-4.1 Policy EN-4.2 Policy EN-4.3 Vital and self-sustaining fish and wildlife habitat areas and habitat corridors are protected and restored and that provide, where appropriate, opportunities for recreational and educational uses. Restore, protect, and enhance watershed functions and values through environmentally critical area restoration projects on public and private land to build resilience to climate change through ecological solutions. Restoration projects should improve habitat corridors and connections, particularly in riparian management zones and floodplain wetlands, wherever feasible. Develop best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater management and related maintenance activities to avoid impacts to riparian management zones or other environmentally critical areas. Where riparian vegetation is disturbed through development or maintenance activities, restoration should be required to preserve the functions and values of the habitat. Identify staff, financial support, or funding opportunities for restoration projects, wherever feasible, to enhance anadromous fish habitat in riparian management zones, wetlands and the Green/Duwamish River, including projects identified in the Shoreline Master Program (SMP) Natural Environment EN - 13 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-4.4 Policy EN-4.5 Policy EN-4.6 GOAL EN-5 POLICIES Policy EN-5.1 Policy EN-5.2 Policy EN-5.3 Policy EN-5.4 Habitat Restoration Program, the Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9 Salmon Habitat Plan, WRIA 9 Duwamish-Green Watershed Restoration and Enhancement Plan, or other regional watershed restoration plans. Ensure that new development, open space protection efforts, and mitigation projects support the State's streamflow restoration law. Promote robust, healthy, and sustainable salmon populations and other ecosystem functions, working closely within WRIA 9 and utilizing adopted watershed plans. Prohibit piping of watercourses, except where unavoidable for access purposes. Wherever feasible and practical, encourage removal of piped sections of watercourses when permitting any new or redevelopment activities to improve riparian habitat functions and values. Prohibit creation of new fish barriers and, where possible, encourage elimination of existing barriers to fish passage through implementation of capital improvement projects, coordination with regional partners and the WRIA 9 Lead Entity to seek funding opportunities, and by providing incentives to private sector development. Riparian management zones, floodplains, wetlands, and their buffers are protected from encroachment and degradation and improved through impact avoidance, mitigation, enhancement, and restoration projects to increase resiliency to impacts from climate change. Regulate land use and development, using Best Available Science, to protect and improve natural vegetation and hydrology, habitat corridors, and open spaces, to prevent significant erosion, sedimentation, or degradation of areas of potential geologic instability, wetlands, floodplains, fish and wildlife habitat areas and their associated buffers. Ensure mitigation sequencing is applied to avoid or minimize impacts to environmentally critical areas, consistent with federal and State guidelines. Require and enforce mitigation in order to ensure no net loss of environmentally critical area functions, as well as mitigation designed to replace environmentally critical area acreage lost due to development. Ensure the effectiveness of environmentally critical area mitigation by improving City oversight, tracking, and monitoring of mitigation sites. Natural Environment EN - 14 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-5.5 Policy EN-5.6 Policy EN-5.7 Allow off -site wetland mitigation only when a site -specific study, prepared by a qualified professional, documents that there are no feasible opportunities for on -site mitigation, is greater functional benefit, no significant adverse impact to the drainage sub -basin, and no significant adverse impact to existing wetlands or riparian management zones. Consider creating a City in -lieu fee program for future wetland mitigation or collaborate with King County to establish in -lieu fee sites in Tukwila for wetland restoration projects, including projects along the Green/Duwamish River shoreline, when a site -specific study, prepared by a qualified professional, documents that there are no feasible opportunities for on -site mitigation. In collaboration with other agencies, develop a program to provide guidance to property owners interested in restoring or enhancing environmentally critical areas, shorelines or associated buffers on their private property that public or private sector projects can utilize to compensate for impacts on project sites that lack opportunities for on - site mitigation. Water Quality and Quantity GOAL EN-6 POLICIES Policy EN-6.1 Policy EN-6.2 Policy EN-6.3 Protect, enhance and plan for changing conditions of Tukwila's water resources for the benefits of recreation, fish and wildlife resources and habitat, flood protection, and open space to create a more climate resilient city for current and future generations. Retrofit existing City surface water systems and improve surface water management through use of low -impact development (LID) techniques for all new development and redevelopment to improve the water quality of discharges. Prevent and reduce pollution and sedimentation of water resources through implementation of surface water, stormwater, and land clearing regulations and inspections. Adopt policies, regulations, and processes, related to new or existing fossil fuel facilities, which are designed to protect and preserve natural ecosystems from the construction and operational impacts of fossil fuel facilities, and prepare for and mitigate any impacts of fossil fuel disasters the community. Natural Environment EN - 15 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-6.4 Policy EN-6.5 Policy EN-6.6 Prohibit the application of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, algaecides, rodenticides, etc.) to surface water systems or their buffers, unless warranted to protect ecological functions of the system, and inform applicators about State pesticide licensing regulations. Develop public outreach materials and implement management programs to reduce the use of chemicals including fertilizers and pesticides, having negative impacts on surface water systems or their buffers, unless warranted to protect ecological values and functions. Prevent, mitigate, and remediate harmful environmental pollutants and hazards, including light, air, noise, soil, and structural hazards, where they have contributed to racialized health or environmental disparities, and increase environmental resiliency in frontline communities. GOAL EN-7 Surface water generated by urban development does not exceed pre -development discharge rates. POLICIES Policy EN-7.1 Flood Control GOAL EN-8 POLICIES Policy EN-8.1 Policy EN-8.2 Policy EN-8.3 Require that all proposed development applications identify hydrologic features, both on- and off -site, that could be impacted by the project. Evaluate and prevent project impacts on on -site and off -site floodplains, wetlands, drainage features and springs to avoid adverse impacts to existing environmentally critical area hydrology to meet today's climate needs and prepare for future climate needs. Protect and enhance the natural flood attenuation functions of wetlands, floodplains and floodways and plan for increased seasonal flooding associated with climate change to reduce and prevent damage to life, property, and public safety. Restrict or prohibit development that could create a danger to health, safety, and property due to potential flood hazards. Coordinate and fund holistic flood hazard management efforts through the King County Flood Control District. Work cooperatively to meet regulatory standards for floodplain development as these standards are updated for consistency with Natural Environment EN - 16 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-8.4 Policy EN-8.5 Policy EN-8.6 Policy EN-8.7 Earth Resources GOAL EN-9 POLICIES Policy EN-9.1 relevant federal requirements including those related to the Endangered Species Act. Wetlands provide services that have the potential to reduce impacts of climate change. As such the City of Tukwila will promote wetland restoration and enhancement throughout the City and ensure that development avoids and minimizes impacts to wetlands and their buffers and provides compensatory mitigation to retain equal or greater wetland functions and values within the same drainage basin or watershed, and results in no net loss of wetland area except in limited circumstances. Plan for changes in seasonal flood events associated with climate change and reduce flooding that adversely affects public health, safety, and general welfare, and protect against flood damage through surface water and flood management projects. Minimize adverse impacts to water resources by conserving native shoreline vegetation or using bioengineering and natural solutions to enhance stream fo-r banks and shoreline stability and reduce hazards associated with slope failures and erosion. Invasive plant removal and replacement of native trees and shrubs should be prioritized over retention of low functioning vegetation. Require mitigation to achieve the goal of no net loss of ecological functions and maintenance of good water quality by requiring setbacks, buffers, and stormwater treatment and detention facilities to adhere to BAS recommendations and guidelines. Protect the ecological integrity of the natural environment, including functions and services, while allowing for compatible growth and development by minimizing development in geologically hazardous areas and protecting surface water features. In geologically hazardous areas, require areas where vegetation must remain undisturbed, land disturbance minimized and cut -and -fill construction limited, to protect slope stability on sites cleared for development. Require significant replanting and maintenance upon completion of development. Natural Environment EN - 17 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-9.2 Policy EN-9.3 Policy EN-9.4 Require setbacks for buildings and other infrastructure where needed, from the top and/ or toe of steep slopes, to reduce risks of slope failure and risks to public safety. Require the use of erosion control measures and, where warranted, written erosion and sediment control plans, to minimize erosion during and after construction activities on steep slopes or other erosion -prone areas. Utilize geotechnical reports and other existing resources to update the City's GIS data to incorporate and maintain a geologically hazardous areas layer.' Policy EN-9.5 Ensure that proposed development projects in mapped coal mine hazard areas adequately consider and mitigate for possible risks. Policy EN-9.6 Urban Forestry GOAL EN-10 POLICIES Policy EN-10.1 Policy EN-10.2 Policy EN-10.3 Actively manage protective forest canopies on geologically hazardous slopes, both public and private, through regulatory requirements, incentives, investment, and partnerships. Trees are recognized by Tukwila citizens, businesses, City staff and decision -makers for their benefits to the environment, climate adaptation, urban infrastructure, and their aesthetic value. Develop a formal urban forest management plan to promote and guide preservation, restoration and maintenance of a sustainable urban forest that is consistent with tree canopy goals and ecosystem management priorities, using the goals and policies of this chapter as a basis for guidance. Ensure that the benefits of trees are factored into site design, zoning and permit decisions, including resistance to drought, retention of large or significant trees, tree canopy considerations, and the preservation of open space, tree, and green space. Continue to fund an urban forester/municipal arborist position within the City, to provide expertise for urban forest management planning, incorporate climate resiliency strategies, provide oversight of tree 'The are many resources currently available that contain geologically hazardous areas information. The WA Department of Natural Resources has a Geologic Information Portal available to the public at https://www.dnr.wa.gov/geologyportal. Natural Environment EN - 18 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-10.4 Policy EN-10.5 Policy EN-10.6 Policy EN-10.7 Policy EN-10.8 Policy EN-10.9 GOAL EN-11 POLICIES Policy EN-11.1 planting and maintenance, and assistance to all City departments that have responsibilities for tree management. Educate the public, elected officials and City staff about the importance of urban forest planning and management and benefits provided by trees in Tukwila. Develop tree valuation methods to reflect the value trees provide, including considering the benefits that trees provide in a changing climate for use in assessing fines, determining damages, or estimating loss of tree benefits. Identify funding sources to support urban forestry planning and management and establish an urban forestry budget and account to preserve and enhance the urban forest sites on publicly owned property. Consider developing an "exceptional" or "heritage" tree program to foster tree appreciation in the community and encourage retention of open and green spaces. Enhance the urban tree canopy to provide wildlife habitat, support community resilience, mitigate urban heat, manage stormwater, conserve energy, protect and improve mental and physical health, and strengthen economic prosperity. Prioritize places where Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color communities; low-income populations; and other frontline community members live, work, and play. Encourage public and partner organization involvement in urban forest stewardship, through volunteer events, free training workshops, and other related community events. Overall City tree canopy increased in diversity and total cover, with an increase in the use of native species, by 2034, and No Net Loss of canopy cover in individual zoning categories, or environmentally critical areas and open spaces The City shall adopt and implement updated tree canopy goals and shall continue to amend policies to support stormwater management and water quality improvement in receiving waters. The City will provide mapping of City -owned or operated properties with tree canopy no later than December 31, 2028, as based on available existing data. Natural Environment EN - 19 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-11.2 Policy EN-11.3 Policy EN-11.4 Policy EN-11.5 Policy EN-11.6 Policy EN-11.7 Policy EN-11.8 Policy EN-11.8 Promote and support a systematic approach to enhancing the city through carefully planned plantings and ongoing maintenance of street trees, public landscaping, and open spaces to support a sustainable and environmentally just future for residents of Tukwila. Promote soil stability using natural drainage systems and retention of existing native vegetation when determined feasible and practical by a qualified geotechnical engineer in a site -specific assessment. Conduct forest practices within environmentally critical and shoreline areas in a manner that ensures water quality, maintains, or increases tree canopy cover, and maintains native vegetation buffer strips sufficient to protect fish populations and to avoid erosion of stream banks. Ensure that required replacement trees at maturity will provide an equivalent or greater shade cover than the removed tree(s), and replacement trees are suitable species fit for future conditions based on climate change models. This may result in the need to have multiple trees replace a single tree and will allow for the flexibility of avoiding conflict with existing or future infrastructure and/or public or private utilities. Promote the utilization of grants and other funding opportunities to develop tree planting and urban forest rehabilitation programs for City parks, open spaces, wildlife habitats and corridors, and other publicly owned lands. Collaborate with other agencies, such as Washington's Department of Transportation, to promote planting in highway interchanges and other locations that are underserved or at higher risk to being vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Collaborate with other government, non-profit organization, school, and private sector entities, to promote urban forest management and restoration, the use of native plants in the urban landscape, and removal of impervious surfaces to support the City's tree canopy cover goals and mitigate the urban heat island effect. Develop tree planting and urban forest rehabilitation programs for City parks and other publicly owned lands. Collaborate with other government, nonprofit organization, school, and private sector entities, to promote urban forest management and restoration, the use of native plants in the urban landscape, and removal of impervious surfaces to Natural Environment EN - 20 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-11.9 GOAL EN-12 POLICIES Policy EN-12.1 Policy EN-12.2 Policy EN-12.3 Policy EN-12.4 Policy EN-12.5 support the City's tree canopy cover goals and mitigate the urban heat island effect. Evaluate current development requirements to identify opportunities to increase tree canopy, and opportunities to remove pavement and install appropriate plantings. Priority should be given to areas or zoning designations that are currently underserved or lack proximity to public open spaces and recreational areas. Tukwila's streetscapes and landscaped areas are sustainable and attractive, and its urban forest is healthy, diverse, and safe. Conduct periodic tree/urban forest inventories and assess the health of trees and forests in Tukwila's public spaces to determine maintenance needs and restoration opportunities. Any restoration should be done in coordination with Policy EN-11.8. Develop maintenance plans and programs for trees on City property or rights -of -way to ensure that maintenance pruning is properly carried out, that diseases and pest infestations are managed, that hazardous trees are identified and managed in a timely manner to reduce risks, invasive vegetation is properly managed, and any replacement trees are sustainably located following the concept of "right tree, right place." Consistent with landscape code requirements, educate property owners, property managers, City and public and private utility maintenance staff, and landscape contractors to promote best practices for soil preparation, planting techniques, pruning (including near utility lines), trenching, root protection, and general tree care. Enforce landscape regulations including financial guarantees, monitoring, and maintenance to ensure successful plant establishment. The Landscape code should state qualified professional requirements for landscape design, installation and maintenance. Ensure landscape code considers wildlife habitat corridors and urban heat island effect in landscape development standards. This includes requiring a diversity of tree species native to the ecoregion in landscape planting plans as site conditions allow. CLIMATE CHANGE Goal EN-13: Tukwila infrastructure and investments enable Tukwila residents to make choices that emit lower greenhouse gas emissions. Natural Environment EN - 21 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-13.1 Policy EN-13.2 Policy EN-13.3 Policy EN-13.4 Policy EN-13.5 Policy EN-13.6 Adopt and implement policies and programs that support King County's target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 75% by 2040 (compared to a 2007 baseline), including net -zero emissions through carbon sequestration and other strategies, by 2050. Evaluate and update these targets over time to incorporate the latest climate science and statewide targets aimed at limiting the most severe impacts of climate change and keep global warming growth under 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit). Plan for development patterns that minimize air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, through the following actions: a. Direct growth to Urban Centers and other mixed -use or high -density locations that support mass transit, encourage non -motorized modes of travel, and reduce trip lengths. b. Through interjurisdictional and local efforts, facilitate modes of travel other than single -occupancy vehicles including transit, walking, bicycling, and carpooling. c. Encourage the transition to a sustainable energy future by reducing demand through efficiency and conservation, supporting the development of energy management technology, and meeting reduced needs from sustainable sources. d. Support and provide incentives to increase the percentage of new development and redevelopment— both public and private —to be built at higher -performing energy and environmental standards. e. Implement infrastructure design manuals that incorporate energy saving strategies and develop regulations that provide extra flexibility or density bonuses to proposals that implement green building standards, such as the Living Building Challenge or LEED certification. Reallocate public space dedicated to carbon intensive uses, such as single occupant vehicle lanes and parking, toward transit, pedestrian, and bike facilities. Develop minimum standards for rights -of -way and new private streets that require facilities for safe protected bicycle and pedestrian routes to all destinations. Ensure all federal and state air quality standards are met and reduce emissions of air toxics and greenhouse gases. Recognize that dense development utilizes less resources per person and promote greater densities and mixed uses near Tukwila's urban centers and high -capacity transit. Work with local transit and Natural Environment EN - 22 December 2024 DRAFT Policy EN-13.7 Policy EN-13.8: Policy EN-13.9 transportation agencies to provide additional multi -modal access and transit frequency to underserved areas. Recognize, protect, restore, and enhance Tukwila's natural resources, by expanding or improving existing parks, wetlands, estuaries, and the urban tree canopy, and enhance access to passive and active recreation areas, improving air and water quality, and improving opportunities for carbon sequestration in Tukwila. Prioritize investments in areas in proximity to underserved and historically marginalized populations in order to ensure that all Tukwila residents have equal access to public spaces, natural areas, the urban tree canopy, and the opportunity to make low -emission choices in a low -pollutant environment, regardless of their race, social, or economic status. In order to minimize air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, facilitate modes of travel other than single -occupancy vehicles including transit, walking, bicycling, and carpooling, plus, for trips that must be made via single -occupant vehicle, facilitate electric vehicle adoption by creating requirements for electric vehicle charging installations in residential and commercial developments. RELATED INFORMATION Natural Environment Background Report Tukwila Sensitive Areas Map Tukwila Shoreline Master Program WRIA 9 Salmon Habitat Enhancement Plan Abandoned Underground Coal Mine Hazards Assessment Report Tukwila Urban Tree Canopy Assessment Tukwila Municipal Code, Chapter 18.45 Green Tukwila 20-year Stewardship Plan Natural Environment EN - 23 December 2024 DRAFT S4oreeiie WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER • A discussion of shoreline areas in the City of Tukwila; • An overview of the Shoreline Management Act and how it applies in Tukwila; • Goals and Policies for managing development in shoreline areas; and • A map of Tukwila's adopted Shoreline Environment Designations. PURPOSE This element of the City's Comprehensive Plan presents goals and policies related to development and restoration along the Green/Duwamish River — a shoreline of Statewide significance subject to the Washington State Shoreline Management Act (SMA) — which flows northerly through the entire length of Tukwila. A small fragment of the Black River flows into the Duwamish River just north of Fort Dent Park and is also subject to the SMA and the goals and policies of this chapter. The Shoreline Element of the Comprehensive Plan represents the Shoreline Master Program's role in the community -wide planning process. It reflects the relationship between shoreline development and other Comprehensive Plan goals and policies, and the importance of a shoreline vision to a community vision. The Shoreline Element identifies existing local and regional policies, land use and shoreline conditions, and sets forth shoreline goals and the policies for achieving them. These goals and policies reflectTukwila's priorities in these areas: • Facilitating redevelopment and prioritizing water -dependent industrial uses in the Manufacturing/Industrial Center (MIC) and encouraging redevelopment in the Tukwila Urban Center (TUC) that recognizes the river as a valuable resource. • Ensuring the safety of new development from flooding and from destabilized riverbanks by establishing setbacks for new construction. Setbacks will allow for eventual replacement of existing flood control levees and regrading of over -steepened banks. • Increasing public access to the river. Shoreline July 2024 S - 1 DRAFT • Supporting restoration of habitat along the river through a restoration plan in the Shoreline Master Program. Restoration is accomplished, in part, through removing invasive vegetation and replacing it with native species, constructing off -channel habitat, and setting back levees to incorporate a mid -slope bench that can be planted to improve habitat. Shoreline policies encourage high -quality development and redevelopment along the river. At the same time, they recognize the value of the Green/Duwamish River as an aesthetic resource by encouraging new development in the urban center to "face" the river, providing views and public or private access to the shoreline. The policies also recognize the shoreline as an important natural resource that requires protection and restoration of shoreline ecological functions (such as habitat, surface water and flood attenuation, water quality improvement and others). Policies in the Master Program support restoration of shoreline ecological functions, particularly improved habitat for endangered fish species (Chinook salmon and Pacific Bull Trout). As a whole, the Tukwila Shoreline Master Program acts as the implementation mechanism for achieving these goals and policies. WHAT IS THE SHORELINE MANAGEMENT ACT? The Shoreline Management Act (SMA) was approved by Washington voters in 1972 and is designed to prevent degradation of the State's shorelines from uncoordinated development. WHERE DOES THE SHORELINE MANAGEMENT ACT APPLY? Each city and county defines their own shoreline jurisdiction based on the provisions of the SMA and regulations from the Department of Ecology. The SMA applies to the following areas: • Marine waters, • Streams and rivers that have an average annual flow of at least 20 cubic feet per second, • Upland areas within 200 feet of regulated waterbodies, and • Wetlands and flood -prone areas associated with regulated waterbodies. Additional information regarding the Shoreline Management Act is available on the Department of Ecology's website at: https://ecology.wa.gov/water- shorelines/shoreline-coastal-management/shoreline-coastal-planning/shoreline- management-act-sma. Shoreline December 2024 S-2 DRAFT ISSUES Department of Ecology guidelines, along with the City's obligations as a participant in the implementation of the Green/Duwamish Salmon Habitat Plan, dictate that Shoreline Master Program policies and regulations be established to ensure restoration and no net loss of shoreline ecological functions. The major issue facing the City is balancing the existing and planned future urban development along the river with these requirements. The Shoreline Management Act promotes increased recreational opportunities and public access to the shoreline environment. (Graphic) SHORELINE MANAGEMENT ACT PRIORITIES The SMA designates the Green/Duwamish River as a shoreline of Statewide significance. "Because these shorelines are major resources from which all people in the State derive benefit, the [development] guidelines and master programs must give preference to uses which favor public and long-range goals." [WAC 173-16- 040(5)] 1 The SMA states that master programs for shorelines of Statewide significance shall give preference to uses that (in order of preference): 1. Recognize and protect the statewide interest over local interest. 2. Preserve the natural character of the shoreline. 3. Result in long-term over short-term benefit. 4. Protect the resources and ecology of the shoreline. 5. Increase public access to publicly -owned areas of the shoreline. 6. Increase recreational opportunities for the public in the shoreline. 7. Provide for any other element, as defined in RCW 90.58.100, deemed appropriate or necessary (that is, which further the State's shoreline policies). The Washington State Shoreline Management Act requires that, where alterations in the natural condition of a shoreline are authorized, priority shall be given to the following uses: 1 This section of the WAC does not exist; it is unclear what WAC section is being referenced here. Shoreline December 2024 S-3 DRAFT • Single-family residences • Ports • Shoreline recreational uses • Industrial and commercial developments dependent upon a shoreline location • Other developments that will provide an opportunity for a substantial number of people to enjoy the shoreline. The policies established in the Tukwila Shoreline Master Program attempt to balance the river's value as a long-term natural resource for the region with the demands of intense urban development. The City's Shoreline Master Program also recognizes that, except for the area north of the Turning Basin, most of the Green River is not navigable by large commercial vessels and therefore opportunities to establish water -dependent uses are limited. GOALS, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES In 2020, Tukwila's updated its Shoreline Master Program, incorporated by reference as part of this Plan. The goals and policies of this plan have been revised to be consistent with the revisions made in the 2020 update of the City's SMP. 2 Tukwila shoreline policies give priority to the economic vitality of the City's two regional growth centers — the Manufacturing Industrial Center (MIC),3 and focus intense multi -purpose urban uses — such as water -enjoyment commercial activity and public access — in the Tukwila Urban Center. The policies also emphasize the importance of a variety of shoreline public access methods, both physical and visual, linked to other areas of the region. They recognize the value of the river as a natural resource by encouraging restoration — including removal of invasive plants — of wildlife habitat and native riverbank vegetation, including tree planting. ➢ Shoreline Environment Designations The two -hundred -foot shoreline jurisdiction that comprises each shoreline environment is divided lengthwise into a shoreline -adjacent buffer and outside- 2 The text for this paragraph was updated in 2024. Although Ecology had no comment on the proposed Comprehensive Plan, this revised text may not be acceptable (although it is correct). Original text: In 2020, Tukwila's updated its Shoreline Master Program, incorporated by reference as part of this Plan. The goals and policies of this plan have been revised to be consistent with the revisions made in the 2020 update of the City's SMP. 3 This text was added to better identify the "Manufacturing Industrial Center" vs. "mic" in the 2-15 Plan. Shoreline December 2024 S-4 DRAFT buffer area and specifies allowed uses for each environment.' The shoreline environments are intended to facilitate the City's long-range objectives for land and shoreline management, including: • Ensuring no net loss of ecological shoreline functions; • Providing for habitat protection enhancement and restoration, to improve shoreline ecological functions degraded over time and protection of already - restored areas; • Allowing continued and increased urban development in recognition of Tukwila's role as a regionally -significant industrial and commercial center; and • Providing for improved flood control, in coordination with King County and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Shoreline Master Program provides more information on buffer size and function. The adopted buffers for each shoreline environment balance shoreline ecological function, human life and property protection (including future levee repair/reconstruction), existing land use patterns, and State and federal agency policies. Figure 5-1: Shoreline Management Act Jurisdiction See image in draft GOAL S-1 Shoreline Environment designations that meet Washington State Shoreline Management Act requirements and reflect local conditions and Tukwila's long-term vision for its shoreline. The shoreline zone generallyextends for 200feet on either side of the Ordinary High Water mark, consistent with the Washington State Shoreline Management Act (as illustrated in Figure 5-1). 4 This clarification was added to better reflect how Tukwila has interpreted the Shoreline Management Act requirements. Original Text: The two -hundred -foot shoreline jurisdiction that comprises each shoreline environment is divided lengthwise into a shoreline -adjacent' buffer and outside -buffer area and specifies allowed uses for each environment.' Shoreline December 2024 S-5 DRAFT POLICIES Shoreline Residential5 Policy S-1.1 In the Shoreline Residential Environment, priority shall be given to the following: ■ Uses that preserve or restore the natural character of the shoreline, or promote preservation of vegetation, open space, flood plain or sensitive area lands; ■ Development that is compatible with the natural and biological limitations of the land and water and that will not require extensive alteration of the shoreline or new "hard" structural shoreline stabilization. Where possible, the removal of bulkheads, revetments, levees or other "hard" structural shoreline stabilization is required. Hard structural shoreline stabilization may be replaced with alternative bioengineered bank stabilization; ■ On publicly -owned property, water -dependent or water -related recreational activities that are compatible with the character of the shoreline residential areas; ■ Maintenance of existing single-family residential development patterns and public open space and recreation uses; ■ Residential and recreational development that promotes vegetation conservation and enhancement, sensitive areas protection, and maintenance of water quality to assure no net loss of shoreline ecological functions; ■ Residential and recreational development that contributes to the restoration of ecological functions in areas where ecological degradation has occurred over time. Urban Conservancy Environment Policy S-1.2 In the Urban Conservancy Environment, priority shall be given to the following: ■ Development that promotes vegetation conservation and enhancement, sensitive areas protection, and preservation of water quality to assure no net loss of shoreline ecological functions; ■ Water enjoyment uses; 5 Headers were modified to make this element more consistent with format in other other Comprehensive Plan elements. Shoreline December 2024 S-6 DRAFT ■ Uses that remove shoreline armoring unless required for a shoreline -dependent use, and uses that prevent and/or minimize flood damage; ■ Uses that preserve or restore shoreline ecological functions provided by vegetation, open space, flood plain or sensitive area lands; ■ Uses that minimize interference with navigation and flood control, consider impacts to public views, and allow for the safe, unobstructed passage of fish and wildlife, particularly those species dependent on migration; ■ Uses that provide public access and public recreation, whenever feasible and when ecological impacts can be mitigated; ■ Development that is compatible with the natural and biological limitations of the land and water that do not require extensive alteration of the shoreline or new shoreline stabilization, except for restoration projects; ■ Enhancement and restoration of ecological functions; and ■ Redevelopment of underutilized areas and development of commercial and industrial activities where shoreline impacts are minimized and where there is no net loss of shoreline functions. High -intensity Shoreline Environment Policy S-1.3 In the High -Intensity Environment, priority shall be given to the following: ■ Water -dependent commercial and industrial uses; ■ Development that promotes vegetation conservation and enhancement, sensitive areas protection and preservation of water quality, to assure no net loss of shoreline ecological functions; ■ Uses that remove shoreline armoring unless required for a shoreline -dependent use, and uses that prevent and/or minimize flood damage; ■ Uses that preserve or restore shoreline ecological functions provided by vegetation, open space, flood plain or sensitive area lands; ■ Uses that minimize interference with navigation and flood control, consider impacts to public views, and allow for the safe, unobstructed passage of fish and wildlife, particularly those species dependent on migration; ■ Uses that provide public access and public recreation, whenever feasible and when ecological impacts can be mitigated; Shoreline December 2024 S-7 DRAFT ■ Development compatible with the natural and biological limitations of the land and water that does not require extensive alteration of the shoreline or new shoreline stabilization, except for restoration projects; ■ Enhancement and restoration of ecological functions; and ■ Redevelopment of underutilized areas and development of intensive commercial and industrial activities, where shoreline impacts are minimized and where there is no net loss of shoreline functions. Shoreline Environments Map 5-1: Shoreline Environment Designations Shoreline Aquatic Environment Policy S-1.4 In the Shoreline Aquatic Environment, priority shall be given to the following: ■ Uses that preserve or restore the natural character of the shoreline or promote preservation of vegetation, open space, flood plain or sensitive area lands; ■ Water -dependent uses; ■ Uses that remove shoreline armoring unless required for a shoreline -dependent use, and uses that prevent and/or minimize flood damage; ■ Uses that minimize interference with navigation and flood control, consider impacts to public views, and allow for the safe, unobstructed passage of fish and wildlife, particularly those species dependent on migration; ■ Uses that provide public access and public recreation, whenever feasible and when ecological impacts can be mitigated; ■ Development compatible with the natural and biological limitations of the land and water, that does not require extensive alteration of the shoreline or new shoreline stabilization, except for restoration projects; ■ Enhancement and restoration of ecological functions; and ■ Uses compatible with the adjoining shoreline environments. Photo The Aquatic Environment applies to areas below the ordinary High Water Mark of a lake, stream or marine water body. Shoreline December 2024 S-8 DRAFT ➢ Shoreline Planning and Management Tukwila is located in the lower reach of the Green/Duwamish River watershed, which covers 482 square miles and includes over 93 river miles from the Cascade Mountains to Elliott Bay. The City's portion of the river covers approximately 13 river miles; as a result, the City's Shoreline Master Program recognizes that — to be successful— protection and enhancement of shoreline resources is not only a City responsibility but also a regional one. The City is a member of the Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9, which covers the Green/Duwamish River watershed, and has adopted the WRIA 9 Salmon Habitat Plan that identifies specific actions and restoration projects to improve salmon habitat. GOAL S-2 POLICIES Policy S-2.1 Policy S-2.2 Policy S-2.3 Expanded value of the river as a community and regional resource, through regional coordination of shoreline management programs and through programs that foster river appreciation and awareness, involving partnerships among businesses, schools, residents and government and community organizations. Coordinate shoreline planning and management activities with other local jurisdictions and their plans — such as the WRIA 9 Salmon Habitat Plan and the King County Flood Hazard Management Plan — to establish region -wide consistency in addressing river issues with regional implications, such as economic development, public access, wildlife habitat, water quality control and flood control. Promote river stewardship and increase river awareness through actions which further shoreline goals, such as educational programs, community activities and partnerships with Tukwila residents, businesses, schools, government, and community organizations. Promote and participate in the implementation of the Watershed Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9 Plan, including supporting the recommended projects located in Tukwila to improve the habitat functions of the Green/Duwamish River, as well as the Plan's policies and goals. Shoreline December 2024 S-9 DRAFT ➢ Land Development Use and Economic Vitality An objective of the City's Shoreline Master Program, identified in the Issue section of this chapter, is to allow continued and increased urban development in recognition of the City's role as a regionally- significant industrial and commercial center, while also ensuring no net loss of shoreline ecological functions. The following policies address these objectives. GOAL S-3 Development along the shoreline that fosters the economic vitality of Tukwila while preserving the long-term benefits of the river. General Policies Policy S-3.1 Implement shoreline design guidelines to: ■ Encourage design that views the river as an amenity; ■ Guide the design of shoreline multiple uses; ■ Establish techniques for increasing shoreline multiple use; ■ Prioritize locations for uses; and ■ Encourage removal of invasive species with nonchemical methods and maintenance of native planted vegetation to minimize the presence of invasive species. Policy S-3.2 Design and locate all shoreline development to minimize impacts on areas identified as important for other river uses, such as wildlife and aquatic habitat, river vegetation, public access and recreation, historical resources, and flood control. Policy S-3.3 When no other feasible alternative exists, allow structures for water dependent uses to be placed in the water, or structural reinforcement of the riverbank, only when this provides a significant, long-term public benefit, does not interfere with navigation or flood management, does not cause a loss of shoreline function, or is essential to a water -dependent use. Policy S-3.4 Prohibit the construction of new flood control facilities unless constructed to incorporate habitat restoration features, and work to remove existing shoreline armoring - where possible - to restore habitat functions. Shoreline December 2024 S - 10 DRAFT Policy S-3.5 Recognize and promote the river's contribution to the economic vitality of Tukwila, as a valuable amenity for existing and future businesses which depend on or benefit from a shoreline location. Policy S-3.6 Ensure that shoreline development does not diminish the commercial navigability of the river. Tukwila Urban Center Development Policy S-3.7 Design and locate shoreline development in the Tukwila Urban Center to encourage water enjoyment uses that: ■ Provide for shoreline multiple uses consistent with the underlying zoning; ■ Provide additional benefits, such as riverbank restoration, fishing piers, non -motorized boat launches, river views, or interpretive signs; ■ Support public access to and along the shoreline; ■ Provide water -enjoyment uses as a transition between the river and non -water uses; ■ Encourage efficient use of land through such techniques as clustering, mixed -use projects, cooperative parking or parking located under principal structures, and shared utility and access corridors; and ■ Ensure that new development and re -development in the Urban Center acknowledges the goal of a continuous street facade along Christensen Road and the riverfront, and locates parking facilities to the interior of the lot. (See also: Shoreline Design Quality policies)6 Manufacturing Industrial Center Development Policy S-3.8 Ensure that non -water dependent shoreline development in the MIC provides for shoreline multiple uses to the extent that site security and the success of industrial operations are not jeopardized; ensures no net loss of shoreline function and provides adequate mitigation for the loss of shoreline multiple use opportunities. Policy S-3.9 Allow opportunities for commercial and recreational marinas to locate in Tukwila downstream of the turning basin, where compatible 6 These were listed below - they have been moved to a location in the text where the sequence is more intuitive. Shoreline December 2024 S-11 DRAFT with existing and future navigability and existing and future ecological restoration projects. (See also: Shoreline Design Quality policies) Development Outside the Tukwila Urban Center or Manufacturing Industrial Center Policy S-3.10 Design and locate shoreline development outside of the Tukwila Urban Center and the MIC to: ■ Provide for shoreline multiple uses; ■ Provide water -enjoyment uses as transitions between the river and non -water- dependent uses; ■ Encourage efficient use of land through such techniques as clustering, mixed -use projects, cooperative parking or parking located under principal structures, and shared utility and access corridors; and ■ Treat the river as an amenity in the design and location of the project. (See also: Shoreline Design Quality policies)' ➢ Private Property Rights GOAL S-4 POLICIES Protect rights of property owners to reasonable use and enjoyment of private property through appropriate location, access to, and design of shoreline uses. PolicyS-4.1 Design, locate and manage shoreline uses in a manner that maintains reasonable use and enjoyment of private property. Policy S-4.2 Design and locate public access in a way that is appropriate for the site, depending on site conditions and private property concerns. Policy S-4.3 Special sensitivity is required for residential property; therefore, all single-family residential development of four or fewer single-family residential lots is excluded from requirements to provide private or public access. Single-family property owners are not exempt from the MIC Policies were moved to improve the logical flow of the policies Shoreline December 2024 S-12 DRAFT responsibility to improve the habitat value of the shoreline environment. Policy S-4.4 Maintain flexibility in methods of obtaining access, to allow for different site conditions and private property concerns that might conflict with access, such as privacy, safety and security. Policy S-4.5 Obtain additional easement area to permit the improvement of river habitat, by setting back levees or removing revetments and other hard shoreline armoring, and replacing with more habitat -friendly shoreline treatment. ➢ Shoreline Design Quality GOAL S-5 POLICIES Policy S-5.1 Policy S-5.2 Photo Enhanced identity of the river as a unique community asset through high -quality development and public activities that reflect Tukwila's history and sense of community pride. Require that shoreline development outside of the MIC: ■ Ensures no net loss of shoreline function; ■ Is designed to be consistent with Tukwila river design guidelines; ■ Reflects principles of high -quality design in such areas as site planning, architecture and landscaping; and ■ Includes setbacks, bulk, height, density, landscape buffers and provisions for open space that enhance the shoreline environment. Require that shoreline development in the MIC: ■ Is designed to be consistent with Tukwila shoreline design guidelines; ■ Maintains or enhances the existing visual quality along the river; ■ Provides trees and other landscaping to buffer industrial uses that are incompatible with other river uses; and ■ Provides amenities that enhance enjoyment of the river by employees. Tukwila's Manufacturing/Industrial Center is an important regional industrial center located along the Duwamish River. Shoreline December 2024 S-13 DRAFT ➢ Access and Recreational Use Public access to shorelines of the State is one of the key goals of the Shoreline Management Act; of the seven uses identified in RCW 90.58.020 as having preference in the shoreline, two relate to public access and recreation. In addition to the Green River Trail, which runs along much of the length of the river through the City, Tukwila is fortunate to have a number of other public access sites along the river. The following goals and policies support preserving existing public access sites and providing additional public access to the river. To support implementation of these goals and policies, the City's development regulations include incentives for private development projects to provide public access to the shoreline. GOAL S-6 Increase the amount and diversity of opportunities for public recreation and access to and along the river, including visual and cultural access, access to the water's edge, opportunities for small boat navigation and access, and connections to other neighborhoods consistent with the shoreline character. General Policies Policy S-6.1 Retain and improve areas identified as important in the network of public access to the river, including cross-town connections, former railroad rights -of -way and unimproved street -end rights -of -way, historic sites, unique natural features, or other areas valuable for their interpretive potential. PolicyS-6.2 Maintain existing parks along the shoreline and acquire additional park land to increase access and recreation opportunities. Policy S-6.3 Incorporate river access requirements to guide the design, location, and management of shoreline public access in all subdivisions and short plats over four lots, as well as multi -family, commercial, and industrial development; to identify types of access appropriate and feasible for various site conditions and locations; and to establish strategies, funding sources and priorities for acquisition and enhancement of shoreline public access. Shoreline December 2024 S-14 DRAFT Photo Shoreline rails provide important public access opportunities for Tukwila residents. Policy S-6.4 Design, locate and manage public access for diverse types and variable levels of intensity, in order to minimize impacts on vulnerable features of the natural environment and to minimize conflicts with private property uses. Policy S-6.5 Where shoreline development provides public access areas, reserve such areas through the means most appropriate for the type, scale and impacts of the development, such as donation or sale of an easement or right-of-way to the City. Policy S-6.6 Support the implementation of the King County Green River Trail — per the existing King County Green River Trail Master Plan — as well as pedestrian/bicycle connections with the Trail from properties on the opposite bank and the expansion of this Trail, where appropriate. Policies For Development Outside Manufacturing Industrial Center Policy S-6.7 Require subdivisions, multifamily residential uses, and commercial and industrial uses along the shoreline to provide a trail for public access along the river, in areas identified for trail connections consistent with the King County Green River Trail Master Plan, Shoreline Master Program, or any other approved access plan. Require any property not included in the King County Green River Trail Plan to provide public access or a private natural area in lieu of physical public access.8 Policy S-6.8 Where shoreline public access is provided, ensure that it is designed to be safe and convenient and includes access amenities such as benches, drinking fountains, public parking areas, handicapped access and appropriate lighting, consistent with the shoreline access guidelines. Policy S-6.9 Except for single-family residential development of four or fewer single-family residential lots, shoreline developments shall maintain views of the water from the shoreline and from upland areas, through 8 This language is not in the state -adopted Shoreline Element, however it is in the City's version of the Element; will need to confirm if DOE accepts it Shoreline December 2024 S - 15 DRAFT appropriate design of building height, bulk and modulation, windows, breezeways, and outdoor spaces. Policy S-6.10 Public access improvements should be designed and constructed to: ■ Look and "feel" welcoming to the public. ■ Connect to public areas, street ends, and other pedestrian or public thoroughfares. ■ Enhance the character of Tukwila. ■ Avoid conflicts with water -dependent uses. ■ Provide for public safety and minimize impacts to private property and individual privacy and security. ■ Require a low level of operation and maintenance. ■ Ensure that construction (i.e., structures and access pathways) incorporates environmentally -sensitive design and materials (e.g., non -toxic, natural materials). Policy S-6.11 Improve pedestrian connections between the river, Green River Trail and the Urban Center's commercial, office, and residential uses. Policies for Development in Manufacturing Industrial Center Policy S-6.12 For MIC properties included in the King County Green River Trail Master Plan, require shoreline development to provide a trail for public access along the river. Policy S-6.13 Where shoreline public access is provided, ensure that it is designed to be safe and convenient, and includes access amenities such as benches, drinking fountains, public parking areas, handicapped access, and appropriate lighting, consistent with the shoreline access guidelines. Policy S-6.14 For MIC properties not included in the King County Green River Trail Plan, require shoreline development to provide public access or a private natural area in lieu of public access, or otherwise mitigate the loss of public access. ➢ Transportation Within the Shoreline Zone GOAL S-7 Safe corridors and amenities for pedestrians, cyclists, and users of public transportation, allowing more citizens to access and enjoy the river. Shoreline December 2024 S - 16 DRAFT POLICIES Policy S-7.1 Policy S-7.2 Policy S-7.3 Policy S-7.4 Design and locate transportation uses within the shoreline jurisdiction to be compatible with shoreline vegetation or other habitat features, turn -outs or parking areas for public access, boat ramps, biofiltration swales to protect water quality, public art, or interpretive signs. Ensure that transportation uses within the shoreline jurisdiction and within those corridors identified as river cross -connections provide safe, convenient and attractive pedestrian, bicycle, and boater access and facilities for public transportation. Minimize transportation impacts on the natural environment (such as noises, odors, and air or water pollution), and enhance the natural environment wherever possible through planting trees and other habitat features. Encourage maintenance of the river's navigability up to the turning basin -where this achieves a greater public interest and a balance between costs and benefits to the broader community, and impacts to the habitat functions of the river - in recognition of the historical significance of navigation and its importance to the economic vitality of water -dependent uses and the MIC. ➢ Historical Resource Use GOAL S-8 POLICIES Policy S-8.1 Recognition of the river's contribution to Tukwila history and community identity through identification, enhancement, restoration and protection of sites with historic and cultural value, and through development of interpretive and educational programs. Ensure that shoreline development reflects the river's important role in Tukwila history, and that long-term public use of the river as a historical resource is protected by providing for the identification, protection and interpretation of unique historic and archaeological features. Shoreline December 2024 S-17 DRAFT Policy S-8.2 Ensure that public shoreline development reflects the river's natural features and community traditions. Policy S-8.3 Ensure that archaeological artifacts and sites are protected when development takes place in the shoreline jurisdiction. ➢ Natural Environment and Habitat Use The Green/Duwamish River has undergone extensive modifications in the past, to reduce channel migration and limit the extent and duration of valley flooding by constructing levees and revetments. These modifications to the river system have negatively impacted ecological functions, including hydrology, water quality, riparian habitat and in -stream habitat. River flows have been modified by dam construction, stream diversion, and urban development. River management and levees have reduced the connection between the rivers and their floodplains, changing the spatial extent of habitat, and increasing the potential for negative water quality impacts. Disturbances to the channel banks have resulted in areas that are dominated by non-native invasive species. Wood, in the form of riparian trees and in -channel wood, is generally lacking throughout the system, which has a negative impact on riparian and aquatic habitats. The following goals and policies seek to improve the ecological function of the river system. Photo Aerial view of North Winds Weir Off -Channel Habitat (photo courtesy of WRIA9) GOAL S-9 POLICIES Policy S-9.1 Restored, enhanced, and protected natural environmental resources along the river, including trees, wildlife habitat, and features with value for long-term public, scientific and educational uses. Ensure that shoreline development results in no net loss of shoreline ecological function and minimizes impacts on wildlife, and that significant vegetation, sandbars, wetlands, watercourses and other critical areas identified as important for habitat are maintained through the proper location, design, construction, and management of all shoreline uses and activities. Shoreline December 2024 S-18 DRAFT Policy S-9.2 Ensure that shoreline development and activities protect riverbank vegetation and, where feasible, restore degraded riverbanks in accordance with the vegetation management provisions of the Shoreline Master Program, in order to minimize and compensate for impacts on fish and wildlife habitat. Policy S-9.3 Mitigate unavoidable disturbances of significant vegetation or habitat through replacement of habitat and provision of interpretive features consistent with the shoreline access guidelines. Policy S-9.4 Support relief from certain Shoreline Master Program requirements for properties affected by habitat restoration projects that result in the movement of the ordinary high water mark. Policy S-9.5 Support establishing the Transition Zone — given its importance for subtidal and intertidal habitats — as the priority area for habitat restoration projects, to allow salmonids to gradually adjust to the change between fresh and saltwater conditions.9 ➢ Water Quality, Surface Water, and Flood Control Use A system of levees and revetments have been constructed along a major portion of the river in Tukwila. The City has adopted a minimum levee profile to promote river bank stability, protect structures, and enhance shoreline ecological functions. The minimum levee profile incorporates a mid -slope bench that provides a wider river channel to accommodate higher flows during storm events, and that allows planting of native vegetation to improve habitat functions. The vegetation on the mid -slope bench will also reduce the speed of water flows during storm events. POLICIES Policy S-10.1 Design, locate and manage shoreline development including streets, flood control projects, surface water drainage and sewer systems, clearing and grading activities, and landscaping in a manner that minimizes opportunities for pollutants to enter the river, provides erosion control, and otherwise protects water quality. 9 This language is not exactly what is in the adopted SMP, but is better language: DOE adopted: Support establishing the Transition Zone as the priority area for habitat restoration projects given its importance for subtidal and intertidal habitats to allow salmonids to gradually adjust to the change between fresh and saltwater conditions Shoreline December 2024 S - 19 DRAFT Policy S-10.2 Design, manage and mitigate flood control uses to minimize impacts on other shoreline uses such as trees and riverbank vegetation, public access and recreation, and fish habitat; and set them back from the river, where feasible for the project, with land areas between the water and the levee set aside as open space for public recreation or wildlife habitat. Policy S-10.3 Consistent with project feasibility, mitigate unavoidable negative impacts on other shoreline uses owing to flood control uses through such measures as restoration of trees and native riverbank vegetation, provision of public access to the water's edge, interpretive features, or other mitigation of loss of opportunities for shoreline multiple uses. Policy S-10.4 Obtain additional easements, where needed, from property owners to set back levees to improve flood control and shoreline habitat functions. Where possible, as redevelopment occurs, replace bulkheads, revetments or other hard bank stabilization with more natural levees, riverbanks, or other shoreline treatments, to improve flood control, ecological functions and habitat. Figure 5-2: Proposed profile for reconfigured levees ➢ Public Health, Safety and Welfare GOAL S-11 Shoreline uses that do not endanger public health, safety and welfare, or the capacity of the river to provide long-term benefits and resources to the community. Policy S-11.1 Design, locate and manage shoreline uses, such as capital improvement projects and private development, in a manner that does not endanger public health, safety and welfare, and enhances the capacity of the river to provide long-term benefits and resources to the community. ➢ Shoreline Use Preferences Goal S-12: Tukwila, in developing and implementing its shoreline master program for shorelines of statewide significance, including the Green/Duwamish River, shall give preference to uses in the following order of preference that: Shoreline December 2024 S - 20 DRAFT 1. Recognize and protect the statewide interest over local interest; 2. Preserve the natural character of the shoreline; 3. Result in long term over short term benefit; 4. Protect the resources and ecology of the shorelines; 5. Increase public access to publicly owned areas of the shorelines; 6. Increase recreational opportunities for the public in the shoreline; 7. Provide for any other element as defined in RCW 90.58.100 deemed appropriate or necessary.10 RELATED INFORMATION Shoreline Master Program Washington State Shoreline Management Act Washington State Department of Ecology -Shoreline Information Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 9: Green/Duwamish Salmon Habitat Plan 10 This text is in the DOE adopted SMP, but was omitted from Tukwila SMP — is this intended by DOE to be a policy? It also appears on P. 3 as narrative. Shoreline December 2024 S - 21 DRAFT PAr4s, Recs'eatioi, ANC Open Space WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER1 • A description of the existing facilities, operations of the system, and intergovernmental coordination; • A summary of issues; and • The goals, policies and implementation strategies to guide development of the desired future parks, recreation and open space system. PURPOSE Tukwila's parks, recreation and open space system provides opportunities for all residents and workers, all ages, and all cultures and language groups to enjoy nature, gather together, and exercise. This system supports healthy lifestyles, community interaction and identity, while supporting economic vitality. This system also provides for interaction with nature, protection and conservation of the environment, and a walking and biking network for physical activity and transportation. The Parks, Recreation and Open Space Element guides decision -making that is consistent with Washington's Growth Management Act, community priorities, and related planning efforts and policies, which in turn are the basis for determining the future of Tukwila's parks, recreation, and open space system. State requirements and local aspirations are fulfilled by the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Background Report and the Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Comprehensive Plan, which is incorporated by reference in Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan. 1 The Parks, Recreation, and Open Space element of the Comprehensive Plan corresponds largely to the 2020 Parks, Recreation, and Open Space adopted by the Tukwila City Council in March 2020. That planning effort will be updated in 2025, and any changes emerging from that effort will be adopted into future annual updates of the Plan. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 1 December 2024 DRAFT EXISTING SYSTEM AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION Park Lands In total, there are 33 park properties in the City's inventory, totaling 260.7 acres of parks and open space, classified as either a Local Park, Special Use Park or Open Space, as shown in Table 1. • Local parks are mostly located in residential areas, range in size from 0.1 acres (Riverton Mini Park) to 10+ acres, and provide places to play, gather, and/or experience nature. • Special use parks have a single purpose such as the golf course at Foster Golf Links or feature a unique facility or feature that is intended for the entire community, such as Codiga Park or Duwamish Hill Preserve. As noted below, some sites are owned or operated by other providers. • Open space (and undeveloped parcels) Parks are intended for natural green space preservation, habitat restoration or protection, or similar purposes. Table 1 — Public Park Facilities in Tukwila Park Type Number of Parks Acres Local Parks 10 47.7 Special Use Parks 11 182.4 Open Space 12 30.6 33 260.7 Source: City of Tukwila Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan, March 2020 Of the park and recreation facilities available within the City, several are provided through agreements and easements with other entitles, such as the Tukwila School District, Highline School District, King County, and special districts such as the Tukwila Municipal School District. Another recreational resource within Tukwila is its trail corridors. Trail Corridors2 are linear parks that facilitate pedestrian and bicycle movement via trails in an attractive open space setting. Trails range in length and width and may be located in utility corridors, along street rights of way, in riparian/natural corridors, or in conjunction with other easements. The existing System Map (Figure 1) shows the location of all parks and recreation resources in the system, comprising developed and undeveloped park lands. Trails, schools, and recreation sites owned by other providers are also part of this system and add to the number of resources available in the City. 2 For Trails: See Pages C7 & C8 of PROS Plan Supplement. Walk and Roll Plan is noted as a default resource. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 2 December 2024 DRAFT (Figure 1) PROS Existing System Map Open Space Network Although not officially mapped, there is an informal and varied network of undeveloped land, made up of the river channel and its banks, creek corridors, landscaped yards and public street trees, and steep valley hills, such as the State highway rights -of -way. This undeveloped open space creates a green network that softens the impact of the urban environment in which we live and work. Much of this informal open space network exists and will be maintained due to community standards and environmental regulations. Programs and Services The City of Tukwila offers a wide range of recreational programs and public services. The Tukwila Community Center serves a vital role by providing the majority of public recreation programming and support services in the city. Along with the City - sponsored programs, the number of park- and recreation -related opportunities available to Tukwila residents is expanded through neighboring communities, public schools, private providers and nonprofits. Starfire Sports, SeaTac Community Center, Tukwila Pool, and the Matt Griffin YMCA provide additional programs in and around Tukwila. Intergovernmental Coordination Tukwila relies on partnerships with several organizations and local governments to provide services to area residents and to ensure coordination with land use policies. At the crossroads of the regional trail system, Tukwila coordinates with the neighboring cities of Renton and SeaTac, and other governments including King County, to plan, develop and manage the regional trail system. Managing the city's Green/Duwamish River frontage also requires coordination with local, King County and Statewide environmental policies and regulations. The City partners with area schools to increase access to sport fields and playgrounds in areas that lack parks. The Highline and Tukwila School Districts partner with the City by leasing former school sites for park uses. In general, public schools also present an opportunity for access to recreation activities since they are well distributed in the City, especially in areas without access to park land. In 2011, Tukwila residents voted to create the Tukwila Metropolitan Park District to fund and operate the Tukwila Pool. This independent entity provides aquatics programming at the pool facility located on Tukwila School District property. The City also works with King County to expand park and recreation opportunities. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 3 December 2024 DRAFT ISSUES3 Several community priorities and key needs emerged as a result of outreach and engagement activities associated with the 2020 PROS Plan. These include: Reinvigorated Quality of Existing Parks and Facilities The community has expressed a desire to elevate the quality of existing parks and facilities to make them more inviting, comfortable, and stimulating. Reinvesting and maximizing use of existing resources resonated strongly with residents. • Enhance basic comfort and safety. • Stimulate park activities and formats- upgrade or expand features within existing parks (e.g., community gardens, playgrounds, and areas for dogs). • Address barriers — increase maintenance and repair/restoration practices, incorporate sustainable practices and artistic elements into parks. Safe, Family -Friendly Places Concern for safety often keeps community members from enjoying parks and trails. When asked to identify barriers within the park system, respondents most frequently cited feeling unsafe in certain areas. Respondents also frequently cited needed maintenance and upgrades to equipment and facilities as key issues. Overall, community members are seeking changes to support safe, family -friendly parks throughout Tukwila. Affordable, Stimulating Experiences for All Ages Community feedback also noted many opportunities for parks to offer greater stimulation across all age groups- providing for more things to do and the introduction of new features, facilities, or activities. Suggestions pointed to a need for a rich variety of elements to support multiple types of activities, especially those catering to young children, older youth, teens, adults, and seniors. The Older Adults Recreational Services Needs Assessment (2019) also highlighted a need to address social isolation among older adults, which can lead to significant health issues. Community members are looking for better activation of spaces and more stimulating experiences. They also noted affordability as an important quality to maintain. Close Interaction with Nature Getting out in nature is the top reason respondents indicated for spending time in Tukwila parks. Whether getting out to observe, relax, or exercise, community members enjoy close interaction with nature. Further, participants identified providing natural, low impact places that support wildlife habitat as the top idea for improving parks and recreation in the city. Community members value Tukwila's 3 These are the issues listed in the 2020 Parks Plan. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 4 December 2024 DRAFT abundant natural elements: forests, Tukwila Pond, the Green/Duwamish River, native plants, and animals (particularly salmon). Another high priority was expanding programs and activities related to nature and outdoor recreation activities, such as wildlife watching, guided hikes, and Wildlife Fairs. Fun Fitness Opportunities Exercising, playing, and dog walking are among the most popular activities that draw residents to Tukwila's parks. Community members also value open grass areas for play and pick-up sports. Overall, features and programs that support fitness are an important part of Tukwila's system. Beyond competitive sport facilities, participants are looking for fun play and fitness activities that bring exercise regimes to parks, expand or close gaps in the trail network (specifically east -west connectors and loops), and respond to current trends. Providing a variety of enjoyable ways to stay fit and healthy is particularly crucial in Tukwila, where recent studies show that fewer people exercise as compared to the King County average. Expanded Parks/Preserved Open Space Community members conveyed a sense of urgency around preserving sufficient open space for future generations to enjoy. Residents appreciate convenient access to parks and green space for fresh air, exercising, socializing, dog walking, and screen breaks. Particularly with Tukwila's share of denser housing types (over 60% of housing includes four or more units), anticipated residential development, and limited land available for new parks, it is crucial to acquire park land to keep pace with growth. Strategically acquiring land to grow the system may broaden park access to ensure that every resident is no more than a 10-minute walk from a high -quality place to play, exercise, enjoy nature, or link to a trail. Cultural Heritage Inspiration A strong connection to cultural roots stood out as a distinguishing aspect of Tukwila's system. The rich cultural heritage of Tukwila can be traced back to the indigenous people of the area. Participants emphasized the importance of respecting tribal traditions and values. One of the top ideas for improving the system is to create unique places that reflect Tukwila's character, history, or culture. Expanding cultural arts programming, cultural celebrations, and educational events are community members' highest program -related priorities. Indigenous peoples' links to nature, stories, arts, and other practices provide inspiration that can be conveyed through physical designs, as well as through programming. Participants expressed a desire to hold cultural events as a way to bring people of different cultures together. The City can explore ways to support these community led gatherings within parks and community facilities. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 5 December 2024 DRAFT Vibrant Urban Water Centerpiece Community members see the Green/Duwamish River and Tukwila Pond Park as major assets that could be further accentuated as a focus of the system. The waters and banks of the 12.5-mile segment of the river sustain fish and wildlife and provide a serene backdrop to nearby parks and trails. Tukwila can continue to lead in restoring this urban ecosystem and maintaining the health of the river. Numerous responses captured a desire to invest in parks and habitat restoration of green spaces along the river and within Tukwila Pond Park. Additional ideas involved expanding river -related recreational activities, such as canoeing or kayaking, and activating portions of the Green River Trail with vendors, cafes, and river -facing patios. Lively Park -Adjacent Commerce Participants described nearby food, cafes, and other businesses as an important means of better activating parks. They pinpointed the synergy created between parks and commerce and expressed a desire to see more local businesses and development around parks to stimulate park use. Providing places to gather and eat was also rated among the top ideas for making parks and recreation better in Tukwila. In addition to providing traditional picnic and gathering areas in parks, nearby commerce could help meet the needs of busy residents, workers, and families with convenient access to refreshments and park -facing seating areas. Convenient, Accessible System Participants identified unsafe, or lack of, pedestrian and bicycle connections as predominant reasons preventing park use. A long-term goal is for every Tukwila resident to be within a safe 10-minute walk from a quality park or green space. Improving walking paths, bike routes, and trails and closing gaps in the system will facilitate safe and comfortable access. Lack of convenient public transportation was also indicated as a top barrier. Another critical need involves improved promotion and wayfinding around parks. Not knowing where Tukwila parks are located was the top reason respondents identified that keeps them from using parks. Overall, residents seek to maximize use of park and facility resources by making access more comfortable and convenient. PREPARING FOR FUTURE GROWTH4 Tukwila's population has grown slowly in the past with an average annual growth rate of 2.1% between 2015 and 2023. This was far lower than the county -wide average but only about one-third the rate of growth in the nearby jurisdictions of Renton, Kent, and Burien. 4 This section was updated in 2024 to reflect current demographic data. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 6 December 2024 DRAFT In terms of housing unit growth, over the past six years there has been a modest increase in multi -family construction, with nearly 1,350 units constructed and more underway. This development has occurred in the northeast part of the Southcenter District and along the Tukwila International Boulevard Corridor. Per King County's adopted Growth Targets, Tukwila must plan for and accommodate 6,500 net new housing units between 2019 and 2044, or roughly another 5,200 between 2023 and 2044 at a pace of about 250 new units per year. New growth may occur in the Tukwila South District, which is zoned for intensive mixed -use development; within the Southcenter District; existing higher density mixed use zones; and within existing residential areas due to new state legislation that allows additional units on single family lots. New residents and visitors will require additional services and recreation opportunities. GOALS AND POLICIES Goals and policies guide the desired future of the parks, recreation, and open space system over the planning period. Policies reflect public needs, past and current planning efforts and priorities, as well as strategic planning, design and management principles. The Tukwila Parks, Recreation and Open Space System Concept Map is the graphic representation of these goals and policies. (Figure 2) Goal PROS-1: POLICIES Policy PROS-1.1 Policy PROS-1.2 Policy PROS-1.3 Safe, Convenient and Connected System - Parks, recreation opportunities, and open spaces are close to home and work and are interconnected by safe streets, off-street trails, and public transportation. Create a system of close -to -home recreation opportunities, aiming for a 1-mile to 1/2-mile travel distance between most residential uses and parks and recreation areas. Prioritize historically underserved communities for open space improvements and investments. Create a system of close -to -work recreation opportunities, aiming for a'/4-mile to'/2-mile travel distance between most employment places and parks and recreation areas. Link parks to neighborhood gathering spots and other destinations in the community and region such as schools, neighboring jurisdictions, regional parks and natural areas, and major employment centers. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 7 December 2024 DRAFT Policy PROS-1.4 Improve the pedestrian and bicycle environment by creating safe and efficient connections across busy streets, railways, and the Green/Duwamish River. Policy PROS-1.5 Increase physical and scenic connectivity with the Green/Duwamish River. Policy PROS-1.6 Integrate linkages to recreation areas and open spaces when planning and designing the transportation system. Policy PROS-1.7 Align parks and recreation programs and services with public transit service and advertise how to attend by transit. Policy PROS-1.8 Continue to provide a safely designed and maintained trail system. Policy PROS-1.9 Distribute public recreational facilities throughout the City so that they are easily accessible to residents, visitors, and those who come to Tukwila to work. Policy PROS-1.10 Create a trail system that links significant community focal points and connects the trail network together at strategic points. Policy PROS-1.11 Connect concentrations of commercial and retail activity with the trail network. Policy PROS-1.12 Maximize potential and capacity of existing parks and recreation resources to offset existing and future demand. Policy PROS-1.13 Identify and create opportunities to develop parks, civic places (including schools) and public spaces, especially in or adjacent to centers. Goal PROS-2: A Network of Green Spaces- Recreational amenities, historical sites, rivers, wetlands, creeks, and other natural resources that are connected to each other and neighboring networks of lands. This network defines Tukwila as Northwest city and includes visually significant bands of vegetation that provide protection for wildlife habitat, and that provide a contrast to the built environment. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 8 December 2024 DRAFT POLICIES Policy PROS-2.1 Recognize that the City's open space network will be made up of public and private lands that provide, or have the potential to provide, many different functions. Policy PROS-2.2 Retain and expand the open space network through acquisition, donation, easements, partnerships and regulation. Policy PROS-2.3 Coordinate with other regional and local plans to complement and enhance the Tukwila open space network. Policy PROS-2.4 Policy PROS-2.5 Integrate natural features, such as daylighting streams, and adding trees, shrubs, and other plants into the built environment, including residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Increase the public's awareness and stewardship of the City's open space resources and benefits, including examples such as organizing volunteer events, developing and distributing information. Policy PROS-2.6 Monitor and maintain natural areas to control invasive species and other impacts. Policy PROS-2.7 Co -locate public infrastructure, environmental and recreational projects when practicable. Goal PROS-3: POLICIES Policy PROS-3.1 A Sense of Community - Tukwila's parks and recreation opportunities build community cohesion by providing places and programs for social interaction and gatherings of all sizes, with designs that strengthen community identity. Design parks and recreation facilities that celebrate unique features of Tukwila and that contribute to quality of life and neighborhood needs. Policy PROS-3.2 Hold community events that encourage interaction between neighbors and celebrate the diversity of Tukwila. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 9 December 2024 DRAFT Policy PROS-3.3 Policy PROS-3.4 Policy PROS-3.5 Goal PROS-4: POLICIES Policy PROS-4.1 Policy PROS-4.2 Policy PROS-4.3 Policy PROS-4.4 Policy PROS-4.5 Policy PROS-4.6 Interpret local culture, history, and environment throughout the system. Integrate art throughout the City, guided by the Tukwila Municipal Arts Plan. Leverage the opportunities presented by multiple redevelopment projects to expand Tukwila's park and trails system into Tukwila South and Southcenter, serving the needs of new residents, as well as visitors and workers of this evolving area. Opportunities for All- Tukwila's parks, recreation opportunities, and public services offer something for all ages, abilities, and cultures, in settings locations and times that are convenient to as many as possible. Offer flexible recreation programming that is constantly improving and responding to current trends and community desires. Provide programs, activities and special events that embrace Tukwila's many cultures, customs and interests. Design accessible parks, facilities, and programs for all ages and abilities. Increase the capacity at existing parks and recreation facilities to maximize use and expand public access. Provide indoor and outdoor spaces designed for increased access and flexibility of use. Consider future growth needs and planned density when providing parks and recreation opportunities to meet community needs. Policy PROS-4.7 Expand program options through enhanced partnerships with businesses and organizations, and through volunteerism. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 10 December 2024 DRAFT Policy PROS-4.8 Develop a city-wide special event permitting process to promote and encourage tourism, art, culture and sports events. 5 Policy PROS-4.9 Address mobility and accessibility barriers to parks, facilities, and programs through the development and implementation of a transition plan for parks and recreation, consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Policy PROS-4.10 Ensure the provision of a variety of inclusive programs, activities, and events to better serve persons with physical and/or developmental disabilities and adapt offerings to encourage social inclusion and belonging. Policy PROS-4.11 Provide, promote and encourage reasonable accommodations, changes, exceptions, modifications or adjustments to rules, policies, practices, programs or services so that a person with a disability has an equal opportunity to use and enjoy parks and recreation facilities, parks and programs. Policy PROS-4.12 Provide, promote, and encourage meaningful language access so that persons with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) can realize improved access to department programs, services, and information, consistent with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Goal PROS-5: Safe, Inviting, and Affordable- Parks and facilities are safe, well maintained and clean, and programs and services that are welcoming and accessible for all people. POLICIES Policy PROS-5.1 Policy PROS-5.2 Policy PROS-5.3 Design parks and public spaces using accepted public safety standards such as Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Principles (OPTED) or Defensible Space. Reflect the highest standard of design quality in public developments to enhance neighborhood quality and set a high design standard for private development. Develop site -specific master plans or site designs that guide all major park improvements and that achieve cohesive design and efficient phasing of projects. 5 New policy from Parks staff Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 11 December 2024 DRAFT Policy PROS-5.4 Policy PROS-5.5 Policy PROS-5.6 Policy PROS-5.7 Policy PROS-5.8 Goal PROS-6: POLICIES Policy PROS-6.1 Policy PROS-6.2 Policy PROS-6.3 Policy PROS-6.4 Policy PROS-6.5 Involve the community, including expected users and neighborhood residents, in appropriate aspects of capital project and program planning and implementation. Involve community partners and volunteers in the construction and maintenance of parks to increase the sense of public ownership and reduce City costs. Increase access to affordable, free, or reduced -cost programs and services. Expand awareness of the full range of program offerings and recreation options made available by the City and others. Maintain parks and public spaces so that they are safe, clean, and welcoming. Healthy People and Places - Parks and recreation opportunities that promote healthy, active lifestyles are designed and managed to engage and enhance the natural environment and the local economy. Provide services for all ages to encourage community members to try new activities and build a habit of healthy living. Promote healthy food choices and active living programs as a central focus for community education. Strive to create projects and programs that provide social, economic, and environmental benefit to the community. Leverage the park, recreation, and open space system to meet the needs of the residents while considering economic development and needs of visitors, business, and workers. Provide public education resources and volunteer opportunities to promote understanding and appreciation of Tukwila's natural environment and Green/ Duwamish River ecosystem, while building an environmental stewardship ethic in the community. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 12 December 2024 DRAFT Policy PROS-6.6 Encourage and support the use of public lands for urban agriculture activities through existing and new programming or partnerships. Policy PROS-6.7 Consider long-term management, operations. and maintenance needs when implementing new projects and programs. Policy PROS-6.8 Employ best practices in managing facilities, parks, and open space areas, and provide continuing education for City staff on these practices. RELATED INFORMATION • Parks, Recreation and Open Space Final Draft (March 2020) • Parks, Recreation and Open Space, Technical Supplement, September 2019 • Older Adults Recreational Services Needs Assessment (March 2019) • Public Arts & Culture Master Plan (January 2018) • Green Tukwila 20-Year Stewardship Plan (2017) • Tukwila Pond Park Master Plan (January 2022) Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS - 13 December 2024 DRAFT Appendix A LOCAL PARKS Park 57th Avenue South Park Cascade View Community Park Crystal Springs Park Hazelnut Park Riverton Mini Park Tukwila Park Total Crestview Park Duwamish Park Riverton Park Total Joseph Foster Memorial/Lee Philips Park Total TOTAL LOCAL PARKS SPECIAL USE PARKS Special Use Park Bicentennial Park Codiga Park Duwamish Gardens Duwamish Hill Preserve Fort Dent Park (Starfire Sports Complex) Foster Golf Links Ikawa Park (Japanese Garden) Macadam Winter Garden & Wetlands Tukwila Community Center Tukwila Pond Park Total Tukwila Pool Total TOTAL SPECIAL USE PARKS OPEN SPACE Open Space Black River Lot Christensen Road Property/Riverview Plaza Riverfront Interurban Hill Lot Siccardi Parcel Southgate Park TIB Parcel Tukwila Hill Tukwila Parkway Wilcox Drive/Pamela Drive Open Space Cecil Moses Memorial Park Lookout Park North Wind's Weir P-17 Pond Acres Ownership 0.4 City of Tukwila 2.4 City of Tukwila 11 City of Tukwila 0.6 City of Tukwila 0.1 City of Tukwila 6.4 City of Tukwila City of Tukwila 10.9 Highline School District 2.1 Tukwila School District Total Acres 4.9 Tukwila School District School District 8.9 Tukwila School District, City of Tukwila Tukwila School District, Cityllr Acres Ownership 1.3 City of Tukwila 6.7 City of Tukwila 2.2 City of Tukwila 8.7 City of Tukwila 51.3 City of Tukwila 63.3 City of Tukwila 0.2 City of Tukwila 9.9 City of Tukwila 12.7 City of Tukwila 17.9 8.9 47.7 Total Acres 24.8 City of Tukwila City of Tukwila 1.3 Tukwila School District/Tukwila MPD Tukwila School DistrictfTukwila MPD 1.3 182.4 Acres Ownership Total Acres 0.3 City of Tukwila 3 City of Tukwila 1.7 City of Tukwila 0.9 City of Tukwila 10.9 City of Tukwila 0.9 City of Tukwila 1.8 City of Tukwila 1 City of Tukwila 0.7 City of Tukwila Total City of Tukwila AIM21.2 3 King County 0.2 King County 2.6 King County Total King County 3.6 City of Tukwila, King County City of Tukwila, King County TOTAL SPECIAL USE PARKS TOTAL ALL PARK LAND 30.6 260.7 Parks, Recreation, and Open Space PROS- 14 December 2024 DRAFT TMANSpGI'tAtIGN WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • A description of the existing transportation network in Tukwila; • A discussion of how transportation planning and land use are related; • A discussion of how demand on the transportation network is managed; and • Goals and Policies for providing adequate levels of service. PURPOSE The Transportation Element establishes Tukwila's transportation goals and policies for the 20-year planning period. It provides direction for transportation decisions regarding annual plan updates and other related transportation plans, including: • The Six -Year Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) • The Six -Year Capital Improvement Program and Financial Planning Model (CIP/FPM) • The biennial budget • The Local Road Safety Plan (new for 2024) • The ADA Transition Plan • Infrastructure Design and Construction Standards It is key in supporting community livability and economic vitality, as prioritized in Tukwila's Strategic Plan. It also provides guidance for development review and approval, land use and zoning decisions, and continuing transportation and maintenance programs. The Transportation Element establishes a basis for decision -making that is consistent with Washington's Growth Management Act, King County's Countywide Planning Policies, and the Puget Sound Regional Council's (PSRC) Vision 2050. The specific requirements of each of these plans are fulfilled by the City of Tukwila Transportation Element Background Report of the Comprehensive Plan Update (hereafter referred to in this element as the Background Report) and summarized herein. The Transportation Background Report, Local Road Safety Plan, ADA Transition Plan, Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Program and Plan, Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center (GTEC) Plan, the annually updated six -year Transportation Improvement Plan, six -year CIP/ FPM, and the budget are all adopted by reference in the Tukwila Comprehensive Plan. Transportation December 2024 T - 1 DRAFT ISSUES Tukwila is a vibrant community with diverse residents, businesses, and regional attractions, connected by various transportation options to local and regional destinations. Since incorporating in 1908, Tukwila has grown into a community with a population of 20,265 residents (2020).1 In addition to serving its residents, Tukwila is home to jobs from a wide range of sectors, such as manufacturing, industry, local businesses, and retail. Tukwila's major shopping area draws shoppers from across the Puget Sound region. Tukwila's diverse transportation system includes freeways, highways, arterial streets, local streets, bus, light rail, commuter rail transit service, Amtrak passenger rail service, sidewalks, bike lanes, trails, and neighborhood footpaths. In addition, Sea-Tac International Airport and Boeing Field provide air transportation for general, commercial and business aviation. The Duwamish River provides water access to Elliott Bay and beyond. The City's road and rail network enables freight and rail transportation within and through the city. A detailed inventory of the existing transportation system in Tukwila is contained in the Background Report (Fehr & Peers, XXX, 2024). In recent years, Tukwila has sought to address traffic congestion and improve multimodal connectivity, especially near Tukwila International Boulevard and in Southcenter. Tukwila also maintains two major regional trails: the Green River Trail and the Interurban Trail. These trails allow people to walk, roll, scooter, and bike throughout the city and to neighboring communities. There have been several major transportation investments in the City of Tukwila, including the Tukwila International Boulevard Link Station. The station boasts high usage and provides much needed transit connections to Tukwila International Boulevard, which has undergone several pedestrian access improvements in recent years. Sound Transit is also planning to add an additional light rail infill station on the north side of the City, near Boeing Access Road. In addition to light rail service, King County Metro and Sound Transit both provide bus routes serving the Tukwila area. This Transportation Element seeks to proactively build on these investments to support Tukwila's continued evolution over the next 20 years. The Transportation Background Report includes the transportation project list, which was developed in coordination with the community who helped identify the long-term vision for transportation in Tukwila. Major transportation issues facing Tukwila include: 1 2016-2020 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey Office. Table S0101 https://www.census.gov/ Note: ACS data was used for consistency among data sources within the Demographics section and Appendix A. The Decennial Census has limited data on population characteristics other than the population sum. To present a wide range of population characteristics with a consistent source, all data in the Transportation Background Report uses ACS 2020 5-year estimates. Transportation December 2024 T-2 DRAFT • Physical and geographic barriers that challenge connectivity throughout the City. Physical barriers include the valley wall, the Green/Duwamish River, and highways that separate portions of the City from each other. • Limited funding to satisfy competing priorities. o Increasing connectivity is very costly given the need to acquire new rights -of - way, conducting engineering studies and design, and construction costs. o Criteria for grant funding are most often targeted toward Tukwila's Urban Center or the Manufacturing/Industrial Center because these are the locations where significant employment and residential growth are planned and are supported by regional plans. o There are unmet needs in other areas of the City, including streets that do not meet City standards, and it is unlikely that the roads in these already developed areas would be improved. o Inclusion of safety projects to meet the City's safety goals to be established in the forthcoming Local Road Safety Plan will increase the need for funding sources. o Implementation of a new Multi -Modal Level of Service standard will create new demands on limited funding. o Reliance on state and regional agencies, such as the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), Port of Seattle, Metro, and Sound Transit, to serve local needs. Changes in Tukwila Transportation Planning The City views the Transportation Element update as an opportunity to step back and develop a holistic vision for transportation in Tukwila. Five new goals have been developed with this update to address the changing needs in Tukwila and to incorporate the required elements established by the State of Washington and King County. The goals were developed with input from Tukwila's residents and will guide the City of Tukwila's future investment decisions. The Transportation Element takes a layered network approach to focus on how Tukwila's transportation network can function, as a system, to meet the needs of all users. In general, Tukwila has managed vehicular congestion levels throughout the entire city, but transportation includes more than just roadway capacity. This update introduces a new method of measuring how well the entire network functions, including non -motorized facilities and transit. This is called a Multi -modal Level of Service Standard, or MMLOS. The Level of Service standard for vehicles on Tukwila's road system is not changing with this update, but new standards establishing requirements for pedestrian and bicycle facilities are added. These new standards will ensure that more than just roads are improved. Tukwila doesn't provide transit services, but this update includes guidelines for transit that will aid in advocacy with King County Metro and Sound Transit. Details of the new MMLOS and layered network approach are included in Chapter 5 of the Transportation Background Report. A new emphasis on safety is also included with this update. Concurrent with the development of the Transportation Element, the City is developing a new Local Road Safety Transportation December 2024 T - 3 DRAFT Plan (LRSP) (to be adopted in early 2025 and will be adopted by reference). The LRSP is a relatively new requirement and has dedicated federal grant funding available for project implementation. Chapter 6 of the Transportation Background Report describes the projects and programs that support the Goals, Policies, and Transportation Vision of Tukwila. The project list has been updated to include pedestrian facilities and bike lanes as well as new safety -specific projects. GOALS AND POLICIES The Transportation Element supports other elements in the City's Comprehensive Plan. It demonstrates how the City will maintain and preserve the existing network, as well as address deficiencies, while demonstrating how planned growth will be accommodated over the next 20 years. Establishing goals and policies to guide future investments is the first step in guiding improvements to the transportation network, while implementation strategies provide specific actions to be taken to bring the planned improvements to fruition. GOAL T-1 Policy T-1.1 Policy T-1.2 Policy T-1.3 Policy T-1.4 Policy T-1.5 Equity: Eliminate system barriers to ensure fair access to healthy, affordable, reliable transportation options, livable places, and jobs. Provide a balanced transportation system that delivers circulation for all users throughout the City, including people walking, bicycling, persons who use a wheelchair or other ambulation devices, seniors, youth, people with low incomes, and residents of all ages and abilities. Plan and implement the transportation system utilizing urban street design principles in recognition of the link between urban design, safety, economic development, community health, and transportation system design in the planning and implementation of transportation projects. Consider the economic development and community benefit implications in the planning and design of transportation projects. Work with BNSF to mitigate impacts associated with rail and intermodal yard operations within Tukwila's residential neighborhoods. Encourage transit providers, paratransit operators, and private purveyors to provide mobility for people of all ages, abilities, and income levels in the City of Tukwila and the surrounding community. Transportation December 2024 T-4 DRAFT Policy T-1.6 Regularly update the City of Tukwila's ADA Transition Plan and invest in the identified infrastructure to ensure that transportation systems serve people of all ages and abilities. Policy T-1.7 Support efficient transit capacity to reduce single -occupancy vehicle trips to, from, within, and through Tukwila. Policy T-1.8 Prioritize investments that address systemic barriers to accessing livable places and jobs. GOAL T-2 Safety: Provide a safe transportation system and placemaking to emphasis Tukwila as a welcoming place, particularly for historically marginalized and vulnerable populations. Policy T-2.1 Policy T-2.2 Policy T-2.3 Policy T-2.4 Policy T-2.5 Policy T-2.6 Policy T-2.7 Balance travel efficiency, safety, and quality -of -life by exploring context - sensitive roadway design strategies (including appropriate vehicle lane widths, traffic calming measures, landscaping, and buffers separating vehicle traffic from other modes of travel). Invest in transportation projects and programs that address safety issues systematically impacting historically marginalized and vulnerable populations. Design streets to safely accommodate a range of motorized and non - motorized travel modes such that it is comfortable and safe to access destinations without a vehicle. Design intersections and sidewalks to promote pedestrian safety and foster walking (or using a bicycle, wheelchair or mobility device, scooter, or stroller) as a viable mode of transportation. Meet or exceed standards for pedestrian facilities, such as sidewalks and crosswalks, to encourage residents and visitors to walk or roll for transportation, recreation, and improved health. Prioritize preserving and maintaining existing transportation facilities to avoid costly replacements and to meet public safety objectives in a cost-effective manner. Work with school officials and school community members to promote Safe Routes to School projects and programs and require safe routes to school improvements — such as sidewalks and crosswalks — as new development occurs along designated school walk routes. Policy T-2.8 Partner with transit agencies to improve safety and cleanliness in and around transit stops and stations to encourage ridership. Transportation December 2024 T - 5 DRAFT Policy T-2.9 Policy T-2.10 Policy T-2.11 Policy T-2.12 Policy T-2.13 Policy T-2.14 Set posted speed limits to prioritize the safety of all roadway users with specific consideration given to the severity of potential conflicts (i.e., amount of potential kinetic energy transfer) between vulnerable road users (e.g., people walking, biking) and motor vehicles. Seek to minimize conflicts between non -motorized modes and freight vehicles. Provide well -maintained facilities. Coordinate with the Washington State Department of Transportation to keep state facilities in Tukwila free of debris. Prioritize emergency vehicle routes and access to hospitals and trauma care centers. Integrate the Safe System Approach into City design guidance, standards, and related policies, and project development processes, and be consistent with industry best practice. Implement safety improvements prioritized based on the occurrence of fatal and serious injury crashes, the City's High Injury Network, and/or the presence of systemic characteristics that invoke a fatal or serious injury crash. Policy T-2.15 Secure funding for implementing safety strategies and long-term maintenance of improvements. Policy T-2.16 Strive to eliminate traffic fatalities and serious injuries through a Safe System Approach. GOAL 3 Connectivity: Maintain, expand, and enhance Tukwila's multimodal network particularly walk, bike, roU, and transit to increase mobility options where needs are greatest. Policy T-3.1 Focus on transportation efficiency by maximizing the movement of people with streets that are designed to be safe for all transportation modes, accommodating existing land uses while designing for the future. Policy T-3.2 Include trucking design parameters in principal and minor arterial improvements as well as in commercial areas. Policy T-3.3 Allow truck traffic on all principal and minor arterials, as well as on commercial area local access streets. Consider using load limit restrictions and geofencing on residential collector arterials and residential local access streets. Transportation December 2024 T - 6 DRAFT Policy T-3.4 Support goods mobility by all modes, recognizing that Tukwila is part of a regional freight distribution hub and a major international trade gateway. Policy T-3.5 Encourage transit -oriented uses, development patterns, and pedestrian amenities in the vicinity of high -capacity transit stations. Policy T-3.6 Policy T-3.7 Policy T-3.8 Policy T-3.9 Continue to coordinate with surrounding jurisdictions and with regional and State agencies to finance and develop a multi -modal transportation system that enhances regional mobility and reinforces the countywide vision for managing growth. Recommend and pursue a regional multi -modal center in conjunction with the Tukwila Commuter Rail/Amtrak Station and secondary pedestrian/bicycle/transit hubs elsewhere in the City. Require all new streets, street improvements, property developments, and property improvements to provide sidewalks and other non - motorized infrastructure consistent with adopted standards and subarea plans. Property developments and improvements in commercial areas should provide direct pedestrian access from sidewalks to buildings, as well as to, from, and between parking areas. Evaluate street improvement projects for the inclusion of features that support the Complete Streets policy in order to encourage walking, bicycling, and transit use. Policy T-3.10 Encourage and support public transportation services. Policy T-3.11 Policy T-3.12 The development and extension of any light rail or commuter rail system should meet the following objectives: • Any commuter or light rail system serving Tukwila, Seattle, South King County and/or Sea-Tac Airport should be located in a manner which promotes the coordinated short term and long-term use of alternative transportation systems, such as carpools, transit, biking and walking. • Such systems should allow for commuter and/ or light rail service to East King County and Southeast King County, and should be coordinated with other transit service. • Such systems should be located in a manner that provides multi - modal connections to Tukwila's urban center, Manufacturing and Industrial Center, and transit centers, so as to encourage development in the manner contemplated by this Plan and the Countywide Planning Policies. Collaborate with transit providers to expand transit connectivity to Tukwila South and other developing areas within Tukwila. Transportation December 2024 T - 7 DRAFT Policy T-3.13 Policy T-3.14 Policy T-3.15 Policy T-3.16 Policy T-3.17 Policy T-3.18 Policy T-3.19 Policy T-3.20 Policy T-3.21 Policy T-3.22 Policy T-3.23 Support, encourage, and implement programs and improvements that promote transit, foot, and bicycle access to community amenities, stores, and jobs. Incorporate proportionately greater neighborhood -enhancing elements in collector, minor arterial, and principle arterial design. These elements include collector lanes, wider sidewalks, separated sidewalks, and curbline trees. Continue to provide assistance to King County, King County Metro, Sound Transit, Washington State Department of Transportation, and other agencies in increasing people -carrying capacity of vehicles and reducing vehicular trips. Coordinate with adjacent agencies on the development of a network of regional non -motorized transportation improvements in, through, and to Tukwila such as connected network of bicycle facilities and trails. Work with King County Metro and Sound Transit to coordinate regarding bus layover space, amenities for transit riders, encourage transit use, and enhance multi -modal connections to transit. Construct neighborhood links by providing additional sidewalks and trails as opportunities and development occur. Pursue converting railroads and other easements to pedestrian and bicycle trails. Require secure bicycle storage (i.e., racks, lockers, cages, etc.) in appropriate locations near community destinations. Provide wayfinding along roads, sidewalks and trails to direct non - motorized travelers to trails and destinations. Plan and budget for non -motorized transportation projects within the Tukwila Capital Improvement Program. Maintain existing unimproved rights -of -way if there is a potential future opportunity to create a non -motorized connection through stairs or other trail improvements. Policy T-3.24 Improve transit, walking, and biking connections to the Tukwila Community Center. PolicyT-3.25 Update the concurrency program to incorporate identified level -of - service standards for multimodal transportation. Transportation December 2024 T - 8 DRAFT GOAL 4 Adaptability: Anticipate and plan for the community's evolving needs, new technologies, and opportunities for mobility. Policy T-4.1 Policy T-4.2 Policy T-4.3. Policy T-4.4 Policy T-4.5 Policy T-4.6 Policy T-4.7 Policy T-4.8 Policy T-4.9 Protect the transportation system (e.g., roadway, rail, transit, air, and marine) against major disruptions by developing maintenance, prevention, and recovery strategies, and by coordinating disaster response plans. Maintain a partnership with King County Metro in operation and maintenance of the Tukwila Transit Center. Continue to encourage the use of rideshare, transit, bicycle, and evolving technological transportation improvements. Balance modal priorities on residential streets through design and maintenance that supports needs for emergency access, while still implementing strategies to slow traffic. Adopt and implement multimodal LOS standards to guide City improvement and development approval decisions. Prioritize transportation demand management strategies and improving nonmotorized infrastructure to preserve resilient and sustainable transportation options to increase system capacity (i.e., transit use, carpooling/rideshare, pedestrian and bicycle facilities) before considering .After considering these priority improvements, consider other street capacity improvements (i.e., signal improvements, street widening) as a last resort. 2 Use the Transportation Background Report — in conjunction with the Land Use Element — to prioritize construction of new sidewalks, bike lanes, and trails. Advocate for Tukwila representation on the boards of King County Metro and Sound Transit in order to influence service and policies that are effective and supportive of Tukwila. Advocate through verbal and written testimony to King County Metro and Sound Transit to achieve and maintain a minimum LOS C (defined by headway, vehicles per hour and hours of service), and work within Tukwila's Transit Priority Corridor Classification System. Policy T-4.10 Promote emerging technology and innovative approaches to local deliveries, including cargo bikes, delivery drones, microhubs, and 2 Staff recommended change 12-24 Transportation December 2024 T- 9 DRAFT Policy T-4.11 sidewalk autonomous delivery robots (SADRs) where local infrastructure supports their use. Address spillover parking (onto private property, public property, or public streets) near transit facilities and other community destinations, balancing competing land use needs and opportunities. Policy T-4.12 Coordinate with local stakeholders to address truck parking needs. GOAL 5 Policy T-5.1 Policy T-5.2 Policy T-5.3 Policy T-5.4 Policy T-5.5 Policy T-5.6 Policy T-5.7 Environment: Plan, design, and construct transportation projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve community health, and protect the natural environment. Collaborate with King County, the Port of Seattle, and BNSF to ensure that King County International Airport, SeaTac International Airport, and BNSF railway operations and development: o Enhance Tukwila goals and policies; o Incorporate Tukwila land use plans and regulations; o Minimize adverse impacts to Tukwila residents; and o Are not encroached upon by incompatible land uses. Support Tukwila employers providing Commute Trip Reduction Program (CTR) services to workers to reduce drive -alone trips, vehicle miles traveled, traffic congestion, and greenhouse gas emissions. The City of Tukwila will pursue investing in transit benefits and education to set an example to other employers by a commitment to reducing drive -alone trips, vehicle miles traveled, and greenhouse gas emissions. Design and operate transportation facilities in a manner that is compatible with and integrated into the natural and built environments in which they are located. Incorporate features such as natural drainage, native plantings, and local design themes that facilitate integration and compatibility. Support car -share, bike -share, and other alternatives to individual automobile ownership, to enhance sustainability. Support, encourage, and implement transportation programs and improvements that promote water quality and regional air quality. Preserve and enhance the urban tree canopy to provide shade, improve air quality, and enhance placemaking by including vegetation wherever feasible. Transportation December 2024 T-10 DRAFT Policy T-5.8 Policy T-5.9 Policy T-5.10 Support and encourage the development of infrastructure that minimize reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as electric and high fuel efficiency automobiles. Establish mode -split goals for all significant employment centers which will vary according to development densities, access to transportation service, and levels of congestion. Support transportation system improvements and programs that encourage transit use, high -occupancy vehicle trips, and non -motorized transportation to reduce single -occupancy vehicle trips, vehicle miles traveled, traffic congestion, and greenhouse gas emissions. RELATED INFORMATION Transportation Background Report Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) Program and Plan Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center (GTEC) Plan Local Road Safety Plan (adoption planned for 2025) Transportation December 2024 T-11 DRAFT titieities WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • A description of the utility systems and providers in the City of Tukwila; • Goals and Policies for providing effective utility service to Tukwila's residents; and • Strategies for implementing the City's policies and working with private utility providers. PURPOSE STATEMENT: To provide utility services and facilities that meet the community's current and future needs in a safe, reliable, efficient, economic and environmentally responsible manner. PURPOSE The availability and adequacy of utility facilities and services are closely linked to the development of land, affecting whether, how, and when it can be developed, as well as to other comprehensive plan elements and goals. The City of Tukwila provides a range of utility facilities and services and also relies on other public and private agencies to provide many of these services. Sewer, water, surface water management, solid waste, electricity, natural gas, and telecommunications are addressed in this Element. Policies pertaining to utilities and vegetation are located in the Natural Environment element. The Utilities Element profiles both City -owned and non -City -owned utilities operating within Tukwila. Sewer and water services are provided by the City, adjacent municipalities, and special districts. Surface water drainage is managed locally, but with interjurisdictional and watershed wide cooperative planning and management. The remaining utilities are provided to residents and businesses through franchise agreements between the City and service providers. The Utilities Element establishes a basis for decision -making that is consistent with Washington's Growth Management Act, the Puget Sound Regional Council's Vision 2050, and King County's Countywide Planning Policies, as well as with the City's targets for housing units and employment, which are a basis for determining demand for utility services and infrastructure. These State and regional requirements are fulfilled by the Utilities Background Report, Comprehensive Sanitary Sewer Plan, Comprehensive Water Plan, and the Surface Water Comprehensive Plan. These documents, along with the six - Utilities December 2024 U - 1 year Capital Improvement Program and the City of Tukwila budget, are adopted by reference in Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan. TUKWILA UTILITY PROVIDERS WATER City of Tukwila City of Seattle City of Renton King County Water District #20 King County Water District #125 Highline Water District SEWER City of Tukwila City of Seattle City of Renton Valley View Sewer District SURFACE WATER City of Tukwila ELECTRICITY Puget Sound Energy Seattle City Light NATURAL GAS Puget Sound Energy REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS This element is consistent with Washington State GMA, PSRC Vision 2050, and King County County- wide Planning Policies requirements for utilities planning, based on housing and employment targets. These requirements are fulfilled by the following documents: Utilities Background Report Comprehensive Sanitary Sewer Plan Comprehensive Water Plan Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan ISSUES Several key issues in meeting the utility needs of the City are addressed in this Utilities Element: Service Extensions. Planned extensions of utility services are based on existing needs, or to accommodate planned growth or growth targets. Coordination of Service Providers. The City -managed utilities must coordinate with adjacent providers that provide utility services to portions of the City. Coordination among Tukwila's three non -City sewer and five non -City water districts is critical. Concurrency and Implications for Growth. Utility projects and other capital facilities must be developed so that improvements are in place by the time they are needed, to address growth and to accommodate growth targets. Environmental Sustainability. Utility planning and operations requires compliance with federal and state laws including the Clean Water Act, NPDES, ESA, State Waste Discharge Permit, and contributes to watershed -wide restoration efforts to preserve the quality of the natural environment. Residential Neighborhood and Sub -Area Vitality. City -planned utility improvements and extensions place priority on improving and sustaining residential neighborhood quality and Utilities December 2024 U-2 DRAFT livability. Utility investments affect neighborhood quality of life and contribute to human health and vitality and the ability to realize established visions for specific sub -areas. System Rehabilitation, Replacement, and Retrofit. Much of the City's utility infrastructure has reached, or is near, its life expectancy. Rehabilitation or replacement of these systems is needed to ensure their continued reliability. Federal, State, and local policies require utility system improvements to comply with new regulations. SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS WATER AND SEWER The City of Tukwila purchases all of its water from the Cascade Water Alliance under a contract through the year 2064. Tukwila's Comprehensive Water System Plan identifies areas of water supply and distribution deficiency, and the six -year Capital Improvement Plan proposes corrective improvements. See Map U-1. The Tukwila sewer system is exclusively a collector system with no treatment component. King County DNRP Wastewater Treatment Division provides regional wastewater treatment at the South Treatment Plant in Renton. The Comprehensive Sewer System Plan identifies deficiencies in the system, and corrective improvements are proposed in the six -year Capital Improvement Plan. See Map U-2. Certain areas of the City are served by other water and sewer providers, which develop their own plans in coordination with the City of Tukwila. Tukwila's Comprehensive Water System and Sewer System Plans are adopted by reference as part of the Comprehensive Plan. Those system plans identify present and future improvements and establish certain required levels of service and priorities for system improvements. Level of service standards are also established by applicable Board of Health regulations, the Uniform Plumbing Code, and the Uniform Fire Code. Consistent with State mandates, Tukwila revises and updates system plans to assure consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and the Capital Improvement Program. SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT Tukwila's surface water system consists of both built stormwater drainage infrastructure and surface waters such as rivers and creeks. All of the City's sub -basins drain to the Green/Duwamish River. For locations of surface water management facilities, see Map U-3. The Surface Water Comprehensive Plan contains an inventory of existing facilities and identifies current system deficiencies and planned improvements. It evaluates the system under present development conditions and identifies remedies for segments of the system where problems exist or are likely to develop in the future as a result of growth and development. Proposed improvements are included in the Six -Year Capital Improvement Program (CIP). Utilities December 2024 U-3 Map U-1 DRAFT Tukwila Water System Water Districts r I I r Tukwila Highline Renton Seattle 125 20 ❑ Reservoir Q Pressure Relief Valve O Intertie Q Supply Station — Closed Pipeline 0 1 2Mi L i I i I 8/26/24 Utilities December 2024 U-4 DRAFT Map U-2: Tukwila Sewer System Tukwila Sewer Syste m Sewer District Tukwila _ Valley View _ Renton _ Seattle None Q Treatment Plant O Lift Station - Sewer Pipeline - Force Main Pipeline 0 1 2 Mi I 1 I 1 I 8/26/24 Utilities December 2024 U-5 DRAFT Map U-3: Surface Water Management Facilities Surface Water Facilities 0 Supply Station imuc Trench Drain Culvert/Ditch Pipe ❑ Waterbody Stream 0 1 2 Mi I 1 I 1 1 8/26/24 Utilities December 2024 U-6 DRAFT The City reviews and updates its Surface Water Management Plan annually to assure consistency with this Plan, State and local regulations, the CIP, and other ongoing City planning processes. TURNING WASTE INTO ENERGY King County's Cedar Hills Landfill is the destination for much of Tukwila's solid waste. The landfill has a gas -to -energy project which leads to cleaner air and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. In 2021, the landfill generated an average of about 6,500 standard cubic feet per minute of landfill gas. This gas is transmitted to the Bio Energy Washington (BEW) gas -to -energy plant and converted into pipeline -quality biogas. The renewable gas produced equals the amount of energy needed to meet the natural gas needs of over 17,500 homes in King County. Image source: King County Solid Waste Division SOLID WASTE Solid Waste collection, transportation and disposal in Tukwila is governed by State and local regulations, an interlocal agreement with King County, and collection contracts with solid waste providers. Through a competitive ten-year contract with the City, as of November 1, 2023, Recology provides comprehensive garbage, recycling, and food and yard waste collection services to residential, multifamily, and commercial customers. Residential garbage collection is voluntary. The City's solid waste is ultimately taken to King County's Cedar Hills Landfill for disposal. As part of the Solid Waste Interlocal Agreement (ILA) with King County, Tukwila and other parties will develop plans and alternatives to waste disposal at Cedar Hills Landfill in advance of its closure in 2038. ELECTRIC POWER Electric power involves both transmission systems and distribution systems. Tukwila's electric power is provided by Puget Sound Energy, with approximately 3,800 customers, and Seattle City Light, serving approximately 5,700 residential and 1,000 commercial customers in Tukwila. Both companies operate under non-exclusive franchise agreements with the City. See Map U-4. Utilities December 2024 U-7 DRAFT Map U-4: Electrical Service Providers in Tukwila Electrical Service Providers Electrical Service Area —I Seattle City Light Puget Sound Energy — Electrical Line SCLTrunk Line 0 Substation 0 1 2 Mi I i I i 8/26/24 Utilities December 2024 U-8 DRAFT Plans from both Seattle City Light and Puget Sound Energy place a priority on using energy conservation as a way to increase service capacity. Puget Sound Energy estimates that half of its long-term need for electric power can be met by energy efficiency and additional wind -power. The rest is likely to be met with added natural gas -fired resources. To meet future demand, some new transmission lines and substations will be built in Tukwila, and existing ones rebuilt and/or maintained. Distribution plans include line and station projects. Future distribution improvements will be required to meet the demands of Tukwila's projected growth. Seattle City Light's plans for future distribution capacity include additional feeder capacity that is expected to meet demand in Tukwila through the year 2031. Seattle City Light intends to meet electrical load growth through conservation and new generation resources powered by renewable energy. NATURAL GAS Puget Sound Energy, an investor -owned utility, builds, operates, and maintains natural gas facilities serving approximately 3,400 customers in Tukwila. Puget Sound Energy covers virtually all of Tukwila with their main distribution lines. The utility foresees no difficulties in meeting future demand during the planning period. No major improvement projects are planned at this time. For natural gas service areas in Tukwila, see Map U-5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS As telecommunications technologies have evolved, convergence of these technologies has occurred, resulting in multiple communication services migrating into consolidated networks. Telecommunications in Tukwila includes both wired and wireless telephone services, cable and satellite television, and high-speed broadband technology. Through partnerships with franchised telecommunications companies, internal public works projects and completion of capital projects, the City has a robust conduit infrastructure that would enable and facilitate future fiber optic connectivity projects benefiting the City, its residents and businesses, and project partners. The City has joined a connectivity consortium of cities and other public partners that would construct and maintain a regional fiber-optic telecommunications system. This fiber-optic system would provide redundancies, enhance communications networks, and emergency operations. CABLE AND SATELLITE TELEVISION The City of Tukwila has a non-exclusive franchise agreement with Comcast Corporation to construct, operate and maintain a cable system in compliance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations. Comcast's network provides high - definition television capacity and high-speed internet access through cable modems and includes coaxial and fiber optic cabling systems deployed both underground and overhead using utility poles leased from power and telephone companies. Utilities December 2024 U-9 DRAFT Map U-5: Natural Gas Providers in Tukwila Natural Gas Provider High Pressure Lines PSE Service Provider 0 1 2 Mi I i I i I 8/26/24 Utilities December 2024 U - 10 DRAFT Satellite television competes directly with cable television by delivering hundreds of channels directly to mini -dishes installed in homes and businesses throughout Tukwila. WIRELINE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Many companies offer telecommunications services including integrated voice and data, and voice over Internet protocol (VoiP) technology. CenturyLink, the Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC), is now joined by several Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLECs) in providing more communications service options to Tukwila residents and businesses. With the expansion of telecommunications infrastructure, new technologies and competition, telecommunications utilities are expected to meet voice, video, and broadband demands during the planning period. GOALS, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES GOAL U-1 Utility services and facilities that meet the community's current and future needs in a safe, reliable, efficient, economic, and environmentally responsible manner. ➢ POLICIES FOR CITY -MANAGED UTILITIES Service Extensions Policy U-1.1 Ensure that the City of Tukwila utility functional plans and operations meet applicable federal, State, regional and county requirements and regulations to address health and safety requirements, address deficiencies, and assure quality of service. Policy U-1.2 Require the use of Tukwila's applicable service standards to design and construct all utility service extensions. Policy U-1.3 Policy U-1.4 Base the extension and sizing of utility system components on applicable design standards and Comprehensive Plan development priorities. Ensure that new development, redevelopment, and other actions within the City of Tukwila's jurisdiction do not cause significant adverse upstream or downstream impacts on flooding, erosion, and natural resources within and outside of Tukwila's jurisdiction. Coordination of Service Providers Policy U-1.5 Coordinate with service providers for reliable and cost-effective utility services to the public. Utilities December 2024 U-11 DRAFT Policy U-1.6 Coordinate with other jurisdictions and agencies in planning and implementing utility operations, facility additions and improvements located in or affecting multiple jurisdictions. Policy U-1.7 Participate in the regulation of all water, sewer, and surface water utility services within the City's boundaries. Policy U-1.8 Policy U-1.9 Allow utility service outside City boundaries only when required by adjustments to City limits or to provide temporary service due to emergency. Establish and maintain franchises and working agreements with electricity, gas, sewer, and water utilities currently operating within the City limits, to ensure that the level of service provided is consistent with the City's requirements and revitalization plans. Policy 1.10 Allow special-purpose sewer and water districts to continue to operate and serve Tukwila residents and businesses, when appropriate. Concurrency and Implications for Growth Policy U-1.11 Schedule and phase utility extensions to occur concurrently with expected growth and development. Policy U-1.12 Equity Policy U-1.13 Approve development only if adequate utilities are available when a need is created for those facilities, or within a reasonable period as required by State law. Promote affordable and equitable access of public services, including drinking water and telecommunication infrastructure, to provide access to all communities, especially underserved communities. Environmental Sustainability Policy U-1.14 Provide environmentally sound and sustainable operations with cost- effective methods in water, sewer, and surface water management utilities operations. Policy U-1.15 Make conservation and efficiency efforts an integral part of Tukwila's utility operations and management. Policy U-1.16 Promote energy efficiency, conservation methods, and sustainable energy sources in utility operations to support climate change reduction goals. Utilities December 2024 U - 12 DRAFT Policy U-1.17 Policy U-1.18 Consider Tukwila's Urban Forest together with other green stormwater infrastructure systems — during utility planning, design, installation and/or maintenance —to ensure that trees and water quality are protected. Require water reuse and reclamation, where feasible, especially for high -volume non -potable water users such as parks, schools, and golf courses. Neighborhood and Sub -Area Vitality Policy U-1.19 Give priority to the City's regional growth and manufacturing/industrial centers, while balancing the needs of residential neighborhoods for City -planned utility improvements and extensions. Policy U-1.20 Design, construct, and maintain facilities to minimize impacts on adjacent neighborhoods and businesses. Water Utility Policy U-1.21 Policy U-1.22 Sewer Utility Policy U-1.23 Actively participate in determining a regional solution to Tukwila's water supply and addressing the potential impacts of climate change and fisheries protection on regional water resources. Provide safe, reliably maintained, and sustainable water service for domestic, commercial, industrial, fire flow and water emergency uses, to meet present and future needs. Serve all existing and potential residences and businesses with a sewer utility. Policy U-1.24 Replace failing septic systems within the City with sanitary sewers or alternative technology that is comparable or better. Surface Water Utility Policy U-1.25 Serve all of Tukwila's residences and businesses with a surface water utility. Policy U-1.26 Provide capital, maintenance, education, and enforcement programs as a function of the surface water utility. Policy U-1.27 Require low impact development techniques including green stormwater infrastructure for both development and redevelopment projects. Utilities December 2024 U - 13 DRAFT Policy U-1.28 Apply an adopted surface water design manual and all appendices as the minimum requirement for all development projects and other actions that could cause or worsen flooding, erosion, water quality and habitat problems, for both upstream and downstream development. Policy U-1.29 Coordinate water quality improvement programs with adjoining jurisdictions whose surface waters flow into or through Tukwila. Policy U-1.30 Policy U-1.31 Use the Surface Water Fund to retrofit surface water systems to improve water quality, support forest conservation and restoration, restore aquatic and riparian habitat and enhance fish passage, by establishing: • A water quality retrofit program that prioritizes projects based on need, benefit, and other criteria, and takes into account Washington Department of Ecology's expanded listing of impaired water bodies; and • A Habitat restoration programs that restore aquatic and riparian habitats and remove fish barriers. Project priorities are based on habitat needs, benefits and other criteria and meet regulatory requirements. ■ An urban canopy preservation program that emphasizes supports citywide canopy preservation policies and strategies. Encourage the retention and planting of trees for their beneficial effects on surface water runoff, including flow attenuation, water quality enhancements and temperature reduction including through the use of Green Stormwater Infrastructure, such as rain gardens. UTILITIES NOT OPERATED BY THE CITY Aside from water, sewer and surface water management, most utilities serving the residents of Tukwila are not owned or operated by the City. While the City can provide input on planning efforts for these utilities, it does not directly control service rates or the exact location of new infrastructure. Private utilities are required to obtain any City permits necessary to operate or install infrastructure within the City and must comply with all applicable City and State regulations. Image Source: Puget Sound Energy ➢ POLICIES FOR NON -CITY -OWNED UTILITIES Non -City -owned utilities develop strategic and operational plans with varying degrees of input and involvement from the City. They set capacity and service levels on an area -wide basis and rely on the local government's involvement to ensure that capacity is sufficient. Utilities December 2024 U - 14 DRAFT As a condition of applying for a permit, new development that uses non -City owned water and sewer utilities is required to obtain a letter of service availability. This letter establishes that utility service meeting City standards is either available or will be available prior to occupancy. The electric power and natural gas utilities project adequate capacity during the 20-year planning period, assuming responsible use of these resources. Electric utility capacity is set regionally, with Tukwila's needs determined and provided for as part of an area -wide system. Similarly, natural gas is provided via a regional delivery system. With new technologies, telecommunications utilities project virtually limitless capacity within the planning horizon. Through long-term Interlocal Agreements (ILAs), the solid waste system will continue to be upgraded to meet Tukwila's current and future needs. The Cedar Hills Landfill expects to reach full capacity in 2025. The current ILA that expires in 2040 addresses the process that cities and King County will follow to develop disposal options prior to Cedar Hills Landfill reaching its full capacity. Tukwila and other suburban cities participate in planning and contribute to reaching regional goals via their recycling and waste reduction strategies and practices. General Policies Policy U-1.32 Actively coordinate project implementation with individual utilities, based on Tukwila's Comprehensive Plan and development regulations. Policy U-1.33 Policy U-1.34 Policy U-1.35 Policy U-1.36 Policy U-1.37 Require new development that uses non -City -owned water and sewer utilities to obtain a letter of service availability as a condition of receiving a Tukwila permit. Require utilities operating in the right-of-way to obtain a franchise that includes service levels and requirements meeting Comprehensive Plan forecasts and other applicable federal, State, and local regulations. Encourage utilities to consolidate facilities, use existing transportation corridors, and minimize visual impacts of facilities, where technically feasible. Encourage communication between the City of Tukwila, the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission, and the utilities regarding cost distribution and rate -setting for existing and proposed facilities and services. All new electrical and communication facilities shall be constructed underground, unless specifically exempted by the Tukwila Municipal Code or determined by the City Council to be financially impractical. Utilities December 2024 U - 15 DRAFT Policy U-1.38 Policy U-1.39 If a utility relocation is required by a public works project — such as a street widening project, utility repairs or upgrades — or any major replacement of aerial facilities, the relocated/replaced facilities shall be underground, unless the City determines that doing so is not in the best interest of the public. Recognize and support agreements with water purveyors to promote effective conveyance of water supplies and secure adequate supplies for emergencies. Telecommunications Policy U-1.40 Provide telecommunication infrastructure to serve growth and development in a manner consistent with Tukwila's vision, as outlined in the Comprehensive Plan. Policy U-1.41 Encourage the equitable provision of telecommunication infrastructure and affordable, convenient, and reliable broadband internet access to businesses, and households of all income levels, with a focus on underserved areas. Solid Waste Management Policy U-1.42 Reduce the solid waste stream and encourage reuse and recycling. Policy U-1.43 Policy U-1.44 Maintain a comprehensive solid waste management program that includes environmental responsibility and sustainability, competitive rates, and customer service excellence for Tukwila's residential, multifamily, and commercial customers. As current franchise agreements expire in areas annexed to the City, provide waste management services that are consistent with that provided to other areas of the City. Policy U-1.45 Encourage and actively participate in a uniform regional approach to solid waste management. Policy U-1.46 Allow for the future siting of organic waste materials facilities in coordination with the City's Solid Waste provider and King County, consistent with RCW 70A205.040(3). Such facilities shall be considered "essential public facilities", and the City shall engage with area jurisdictions and agencies in the siting decision. Electric and Gas Utility Policy U-1.47 Reduce the rate of energy consumption and use efficiency and conservation as a means to lower energy costs and mitigate environmental impacts associated with traditional energy supplies. Utilities December 2024 U - 16 DRAFT Policy U-1.48 Policy U-1.49 Policy U-1.50 Promote use of renewable and alternative energy resources to help meet long-term energy needs, reduce environmental impacts associated with traditional energy supplies, and increase community sustainability. Ensure that development regulations are consistent with and do not otherwise impair fulfilling public service and other obligations imposed by federal and State law. Actively support the greenhouse gas reduction policies pertaining to utilities described in the Natural Environment Element of this Comprehensive Plan (The locations of these policies will be listed during final formatting). RELATED INFORMATION Utilities Background Report Tukwila Water Plan Tukwila Sewer Plan Tukwila Surface Water Plan Tukwila Capital Improvement Program (CIP) Valley View Sewer District City of Renton Utilities: Water Utility Plan City of Seattle (Water, Sewer) Highline Water District King County Water District #125 King County Water District #20 Puget Sound Energy (Electric, Natural Gas) Seattle City Light Recology Utilities December 2024 U - 17 DRAFT Ca pifae Facieities WHAT YOU WILL FIND IN THIS CHAPTER: • A description of how and why capital facilities are planned; A discussion of the funding methods and challenges facing the City; and Goals and Policies for providing adequate levels of service. PURPOSE Growth Management Act Capital Facility Planning Requirements This element of the Comprehensive Plan presents the goals and policies for Tukwila's Capital Facilities. Capital Facilities Planning under the Growth Management Act (GMA) requires an inventory of public facilities and their capacities; establishment of a minimum acceptable level of service for the community; a list of needed capital projects to serve growth and that maintain the adopted standards; a realistic financing plan; and stipulation that adjustment of the Plan will occur if funding is inadequate or if growth requires previously unanticipated expansion. In Tukwila, Capital Facilities are defined as including structures, streets, land, parks, major equipment, and other infrastructure necessary for both general government and enterprise funds, and that are usually amortized over a long period of time. In adopting its Comprehensive Plan and the supporting documents, Tukwila makes a commitment that the land use intensities and pattern of uses are appropriate for the community and that its adopted levels of service will be met and maintained. WHY PLAN FOR CAPITAL FACILITIES? Under GMA, the City is required to include a capital facilities element in its Comprehensive Plan. The Capital Facilities Element and associated Capital Facilities Plan describe how public services will be provided and financed. Capital facilities planning also helps the City manage limited funds, provide the greatest value to City residents and take full advantage of available funding opportunities. WHAT IS CONCURRENCY? "Concurrency" exists when adequate public facilities or services are in place to serve new development. Specifically pertaining to streets and utilities in Tukwila, concurrency requirements are intended to prevent new development from outpacing Tukwila's ability to provide the improvements that are needed to serve the new development. New development's infrastructure demands can result in congestion or overcrowding that will impact new and existing residents alike, if improvements are not made in time. Concurrency is often referred to as a pass -or -fail test for a new development. Capital Facilities CF - 1 December 2024 DRAFT The GMA Capital Facilities Plan for Tukwila consists of: 1 The Comprehensive Plan Capital Facilities goals and policies; 2. The Capital Facilities Element Background Report, which contains a discussion of the City's growth targets for the Comprehensive Plan's planning period to 2044; 3. The City's Capital Improvement Program/Financial Planning Model (CIP/FPM), which includes projects for the six -year period and projects to address community needs and maintain standards to 2044. The Comprehensive Plan's goals cannot be carried out unless the supporting infrastructure can be financed. The CIP/FPM addresses how specific projects and facilities will be financed, and provides a current assessment of the City's financial capacities and limitations; and 4. The systems plans and their regular updates, such as the Puget Sound Regional Fire Authority Capital Facilities Plan; the Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan; the Surface Water Comprehensive Plan; the Water Plan; the Sewer Plan; and the Transportation Plan; all of which are adopted by reference as part of this Comprehensive Plan. Concurrency A key concept of the GMA and capital facilities planning is concurrency —that specific public facilities will be available when the impacts of development occur or within ten years of the development for transportation. Concurrency in Tukwila is supported through policy and systems planning and implemented in current regulations. Tukwila implements concurrency on water delivery, sewer collection, and transportation facilities. Tukwila's public facility needs are served not only by City facilities but also by regional agencies such as the Washington State Department of Transportation, Sound Transit, King County, and the Port of Seattle; and by special purpose districts such as Tukwila and Renton School Districts, King County Library System, and the King County Flood Control, Valley View Sewer, Highline Water, and the Metropolitan Park Districts. (See also the Utilities Element.) In addition to maintaining adequate levels of service on City -provided facilities, the City of Tukwila must coordinate with these special purpose districts and regional providers on Tukwila's growth and land use planning. Capital Facility Planning in Tukwila Capital facilities planning in Tukwila is separated into two categories: • Capital Project Funds which include funds for general capital needs such as residential streets, arterials, buildings, parks and trails, and other improvements. • Enterprise Funds, which include funds for which fees are received in exchange for specific goods and services. In Tukwila these include water, sewer, surface water, and the Foster Golf Course. General Government Facilities General government facilities are designed, built, and operated for the general public, unlike enterprise funds, which serve specific fee -paying customers. Any person may drive on City streets, walk on a trail, play in a City park, be served by fire and emergency aid, etc. Capital Facilities CF - 2 December 2024 DRAFT Tukwila does capital improvement planning by organizing its general government facilities needs into similar programmatic categories, which are referred to as funds. There are four categories of funds, which illustrate the focus of the City's capital planning and spending. All phases of a capital project are included in capital planning, from plan and project development, preliminary engineering, right-of-way acquisition, permitting, construction engineering, to construction. • The Residential Streets Program is specifically identified for street improvement in residential neighborhoods, and includes lane widening, curbs and gutters, sidewalks, illumination, and utilities undergrounding. Funding for the program's projects is primarily through City General revenues, grants, and motor vehicle excise tax. • The Bridges and Arterial Streets Program is designed to improve mobility within the City and to correct deficiencies in arterial streets and traffic operations and is the largest category of spending in the City's Capital Facilities Plan. The dollar size for the current six -year list of projects is ten times larger than any of the other City program funds. It also complements the City's Transportation Improvement Program, which is a State requirement. Expenses supported through this fund include transportation planning, sidewalks, new streets, traffic control devices, nonmotorized improvements, and lane additions. In addition to City General revenues, projects in this program are paid for with grants, real estate excise tax, motor vehicle excise tax, parking tax, developer funds, local improvement district funds, and impact fees. • The Parks and Trails Program supports the acquisition and development of land for parks and recreational facilities, including the planning and design costs associated with the projects. Dollars to pay for these projects come from City funds, grants, real estate excise tax, excess property tax levy, and impact fees. • The Fire Improvements Program collects fire impact fees, which are directed to the Regional Fire Agency for major capital expenses. General government sources of revenue for capital expenditures and allocation percentages by funding category are illustrated in Figure 14-1. [image] Figure 14-1: General government sources of capital revenue and expenditures by capital improvement programming categories Enterprise Facilities Funds Enterprise Funds are supported by revenues generated by user fees and charges. Grants and developer contributions supplement the Water, Sewer and Surface Water Funds, and the Foster Golf Course is self-supporting. Enterprise funds are used by public agencies to account for operations that are financed and operated in a manner similar to private business enterprises. They are established as fully self-supporting operations with revenues Capital Facilities CF - 3 December 2024 DRAFT provided primarily from fees, charges, or contracts for services, and require periodic determination of revenues earned, expenses incurred, and net income for capital maintenance, public policy, management control and accountability. In order to provide for the short-term and long-term operating and capital needs of the water, surface water and sewer utilities, the City evaluates and utilizes a combination of revenue sources such as utility rates, bonds, loans, grants, developer contributions, Public Works Trust Fund loans, and local improvement districts (LIDs). An example of enterprise capital sources of funds and expenditures is illustrated in Figure 14-2. [Graphic] Figure 14-2: Enterprise capital sources of funds and expenditures. Water and Sewer Funds Slightly more than 50 percent of the area of the City is served by Tukwila Water and Sewer Utilities. With respect to sewer service, the remainder of the City is either not served or served by other districts. In order to provide infrastructure in the unserved portions of the City, additional revenue is needed in order to extend service to these areas. Available revenue sources include local improvement districts, grants, Trust Fund loans, rate increases, customer contributions, and general fund loans or transfers. Surface Water Fund This fund accounts for operations and capital improvements for the management of the City's storm drainage system and surface waters, including stormwater, flood hazard management and habitat restoration projects as well as the City's NPDES pollution prevention program. Surface Water capital projects are required to correct deficiencies and to meet federal, State, and local laws and priorities. Required infrastructure is paid for by developers, local improvement districts, and grants, but the largest fund contribution comes from the utility's ratepayers. Foster Golf Course This is a publicly -owned facility funded by operating revenues, primarily user fees but also general obligation bonds, Councilmanic bonds, and transfers in from the General Fund. The City has chosen to account for the Golf Course as an enterprise fund for a number of reasons. Enterprise funds may be used to report any activity for which a fee is charged to users for goods or services, and the enterprise fund structure provides transparent accounting of costs and revenues. The Golf Course is expected to meet its capital and operating needs over the 20-year planning period, and to maintain a rate structure competitive with nearby municipal courses. Capital improvements will be funded from the above -mentioned revenues. The Golf Course Enterprise Fund accounts for operation, maintenance, and improvements of the municipal golf facility. The difference between the Golf Course Enterprise Fund and other utility enterprise funds is that the Golf Fund serves voluntary customers as opposed to the users of the water, sewer, and surface water funds, who have no choice in service provider. Capital Facilities CF - 4 December 2024 DRAFT Relationship To Other Plans Capital facility planning is related to a variety of other long-range, sub -area and system plans adopted by the City. Figure 14-3 illustrates how these various plans are interrelated. [Graphic] Figure 14-3: Relationship of Adopted City of Tukwila Planning Documents ISSUES The following issues are based upon City experiences as well as from likely events that could impact Tukwila's ability to pay for its future. Decreases in Capital Spending Figure 14-4 shows 10 years in operations and maintenance spending versus capital spending. There is a trend line that shows the increasing percentage of City revenues being spent on operations and maintenance, and less on capital. In addition, capital projects are being funded by dedicated revenue sources rather than general operating revenues. External Forces Reducing Available Local Revenues The Washington State legislature capped the growth of property tax revenue to no more than one percent over the previous years' revenues or Implicit Price Deflator (IPD), whichever is lower. The 1% property tax limitation is still the most revenue restrictive element of the general revenue base. Accordingly, other revenue categories must make up the difference in order to achieve the overall 3% revenue growth target. [Graphic] Figure 14-4: Operations vs. Capital Spending Trend (2003-2012). Sales tax is the City's largest revenue source. The pandemic that started in early 2020 caused businesses to close for a few months in the spring 2020. Businesses slowly reopened throughout the summer months but the effects of businesses being closed significantly reduced this revenue stream. While sales tax revenue has returned to pre - pandemic levels, increases have not kept pace with inflation resulting in ongoing expenditures rising faster than ongoing revenues. Retail sales tax from construction activity is expected to remain relatively strong as a number of projects are in the pipeline. Additionally, the Washington State Legislature ended the payment of Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement mitigation payments to cities hard-hit by destination -based sales tax. The mitigation payments decline each year and are scheduled to end in 2026. Capital Facilities CF - 5 December 2024 DRAFT WHAT ARE SPECIAL PURPOSE DISTRICTS? Special Purpose Districts can be created to provide a new service or a higher level of service than is currently available. Special Purpose Districts can be established for a variety of purposes, such as agriculture, economic development, education, parks, or environmental protection. Special Purpose Districts may collect funds within their boundaries to provide services related to their stated purpose, though funding mechanisms (property tax, fees, etc.) vary by district. Levying New Taxes and Fees There are several ways that the Tukwila community has been able to compensate for the decrease in revenues. Beginning in 2006, the City instituted a Utility Tax, which applies to electric, natural gas and communication sales. The City enacted a solid waste utility tax in 2009 to address revenue shortfalls in certain areas and unexpected costs in other areas. Utility tax revenues have remained fairly level over the past several years but took a dip in 2020 due to businesses being closed for a few months. Increases of up to 2.4% are expected in 2023 but, due to conservation efforts and changes in consumer behavior, no growth is projected for 2024. The City enacted a business license fee in 2010 which currently is expected to generate revenues exceeding $3.2 million per year. In order to continue to provide the same high-level of services in the next biennium and in the out years, it will be necessary for the City to implement a new revenue stream. The Council approved a modest business and occupation (B&O) tax to take effect in January 2024. The tax is levied on businesses that exceed $750 thousand annual gross revenue. In addition to maintaining the current level of service, this new revenue source will allow the City to hire frozen commissioned officer police positions within the Police Department. Real Estate Excise Tax (REET) Real Estate Excise Tax (REET) is levied on the sales of real property. The tax is calculated based on the selling price, including the amount of any liens, mortgages, and other debts given to secure the purchase. The tax is due at the time of sale and is collected by the County at the time of recording. The City of Tukwila imposes a 0.25% real estate excise tax - known as REET1 or the "first quarter percent" and an additional 0.25% REET2 tax on the "second quarter percent" with such proceeds to be used primarily for capital projects and limited maintenance. Creating More Special Purpose Districts Forming special purpose districts allows the community to collect additional money for specific needs, such as for parks. In 2011, a Metropolitan Park District was created with coterminous boundaries with the City of Tukwila, in order to sustain the operation of the Tukwila Pool. Beginning in 2013, Tukwila property owners began paying an additional 15 cents per $1,000 of assessed valuation. [Graphic] Levee repair at Lilly Point Capital Facilities CF - 6 December 2024 DRAFT Preparing for Disasters and Emergencies The effects of climate change can be felt throughout the Puget Sound region and can be categorized into six categories: temperature, precipitation, sea level rise, vegetation change, ocean acidification and slope stability. We have witnessed first-hand temperatures rising, and patterns of rain and drought changing. Flooding events will occur with greater frequency, water levels will rise, and more droughts will occur. Tukwila is already experiencing more severe weather impacts due to climate change and the opportunity for flooding to occur more often. A significant water feature of the City is the Duwamish/Green River and its tributaries. Property owners of the City pay taxes to the King County Flood Control District which manages the levee system along the Green/Duwamish River. The primary levee located with Tukwila is the Tukwila 205 Levee which mitigates flood risks to both residents and businesses along the Lower Green River. The Tukwila 205 Levee is a 4.3-mile levee located along the left bank of the Green River from the southern boundary of the city extending to I- 405. Over the course of the next 25 years the city in conjunction with the King County Flood Control District is rebuilding this entire levee system to provide 500-year level of flood protection plus 3 feet of freeboard. There are other smaller levees and revetments found throughout Tukwila along the Green/Duwamish River that mitigate flooding risks. The 205 levee is a prioritized project in the Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Tukwila is located in a seismic zone and is vulnerable to earthquake or a hazardous substance release. As one of the responsible public service entities, the ability to support the community after such an event is paramount. The location and condition of the City's infrastructure to withstand significant catastrophes, and the presence of a reserve to pay for unexpected events, must be included in the City's capital planning. The city is in compliance with all regulations to be eligible for federal and state reimbursement if it experiences a Presidential Declared Disaster. GOALS AND POLICIES These policies are intended to ensure the availability of financing to accomplish the goals expressed here and in the other elements of the Comprehensive Plan over the next 20 years. GOAL CF-1 General Policies Policy CF-1.1 Public facilities and services that reflect desired levels of quality, address past deficiencies, and anticipate the needs of growth through acceptable levels of service, prudent use of fiscal resources, and realistic timelines. The City shall use non -capital and regionally -shared capital options to meet its public facility needs when there are financial or economies of scale to be gained. Capital Facilities CF - 7 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CF-1.2 Policy CF-1.3 Policy CF-1.4 The City's management of its capital facilities shall follow this order: 1. Regular inspection of systems for evaluation and to ensure conformity with current safety standards; 2. Prioritizing projects when making improvements, if the public health and safety is at risk; 3. Preventive maintenance and cost-effective replacement of aging elements; and 4. Planning for the orderly extension and upgrading of capital systems to accommodate future growth Projects listed to be initiated during the 7-20 year time frame shall be generally described, estimated, and evaluated using Comprehensive Plan goals. Projects in the six -year CIP/FPM shall include a progressively more detailed description, project budget, anticipated funding sources, and projected expenses). The City shall ensure that transportation capital facilities are provided within a maximum of six years of the occurrence of impacts that will degrade adopted level of services standards. Policy CF-1.5 Dedicated funding for building needs shall be included in the CIP/FPM. Policy CF-1.6 Continue to fund the correction of residential neighborhood infrastructure deficiencies, including transportation, surface water, sewer and water, through interfund loans or general fund transfers, in order to address emergency and public health and safety issues. Policy CF-1.7 No capital improvement projects located outside the city limits shall be approved without specific City Council approval. Paying For Facilities Policy CF-1.8 If the City determines that the public's health, safety, and welfare will be benefited, or if funding is available through external sources such as development or grant funds, the City may allocate funding for preliminary engineering and design of commercial and residential street projects. Policy CF-1.9 Late -comer agreements shall be considered an acceptable means of funding capital projects, improvements, and replacements, in whole or in part when requested by a developer. Policy CF-1.10 The City shall initiate property negotiations in all projects with a request for donation of the property needed for rights -of -way and easements. Capital Facilities CF - 8 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CF-1.11 Arterial street improvements listed in the six -year CIP/FPM may be funded through an LID or financing external to the City. The City may use operating revenues, grants, or bonds, based on health and safety needs or public benefit. Policy CF-1.12 The City may consider paying for local improvement district formation costs in addition to the preliminary and construction engineering costs, in order to provide a more -timely option for residential street improvements. Policy CF-1.13 The City shall, whenever practical and advantageous, apply for grants, loans, or other external financing sources. Grant applications for capital facilities shall be made: • Only for projects listed in the CIP/FPM, and • After City Council approval. Policy CF-1.14 Policy CF-1.15 Transportation, fire, and parks impact fees shall be collected so that "growth may pay for growth" and growth -caused improvements may be constructed. Impact fees shall be adjusted periodically based upon an appropriate capital cost index and/or other relevant data, to ensure that the fees reflect the cost of planned system improvements related to growth and shall be subject to City Council approval. Policy CF-1.16 The City shall consider issuance of bonds for facilities, if repayment can be made from revenue allocations and if it is more cost-effective. Policy CF-1.17 Non -transportation and non -utility capital projects and improvements (i.e., parks, trails, City offices) shall be funded by general revenues, impact fees, grants, or bonds as determined in the biennial CIP/FPM review process. Facility Construction — Prioritizing, Site Selection, and Design Policy CF-1.18 Provide affordable and equitable access to public services to all communities, especially the historically underserved. Prioritize investments to address disparities. Policy CF-1.19 Policy CF-1.20 Policy CF-1.21 Capital improvements shall be coordinated, whenever feasible, with related improvements by other jurisdictions. Transportation improvements shall be coordinated with related improvements such as utility, landscaping, sidewalks, etc. Capital facility projects shall be prioritized using Comprehensive Plan and Strategic Plan goals and policies. Capital Facilities CF - 9 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CF-1.22 Policy CF-1.23 Policy CF-1.24 Policy CF-1.25 Prioritize the selection, design, and construction of capital facility projects using consideration of how these choices reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and support state, regional, and local GHG reduction goals. Prioritize capital facility decisions that require and expand the use of conservation, alternative energy sources, and energy management technology. Support coordinated planning for public safety services and programs, including emergency management, in partnership with communities that have disproportionately carried the burden of harm from social, or political disenfranchisement. Establish new or expanded sites for public facilities, utilities, and infrastructure in a manner that ensures disaster resiliency and public service recovery. Financial Planning and Plan Maintenance Policy CF-1.26 Capital planning decisions shall be linked to City-wide goals, by tracking actual growth patterns and evaluating growth targets and level -of - service standards. Policy CF-1.27 The CIP/FPM shall be updated biennially and include reviews of forecasts and actual growth, revenue, and cost totals. Policy CF-1.28 Policy CF-1.29 Policy CF-1.30 Capital Facility policies shall be reviewed biennially during revisions to the CIP/FPM. Desirable changes shall be implemented during the annual Comprehensive Plan amendment process. Policies and practices of sound governmental budgeting and accounting principles, revenue diversity, and promoting the economic well-being of the City shall be used, in order to maintain an AA bond rating or better for the City. In the event that anticipated funding falls short of meeting existing and/or anticipated needs, the City shall reassess and revise the following, as needed: • Funding alternatives; and/or • The level of service standards of the City. Enterprise Funds Policies Policy CF-1.31 Utility rates and charges shall be structured to ensure adequate infrastructure development, in addition to compliance with operation, maintenance, and federal and State requirements. Capital Facilities CF - 10 December 2024 DRAFT Policy CF-1.32 Adequate reserved working capital balances shall be maintained for each enterprise fund's annual expenditures. The fund balance for enterprise funds, at the close of each fiscal year, shall equal or exceed 20% of the previous year's revenue, exclusive of significant non - operating, non -recurring revenues such as real estate sales, transfers in from other funds, or debt proceeds. Policy CF-1.33 Rate increases shall be small, applied frequently, and staggered to avoid an overly burdensome increase and undue impact in any given year. Policy CF-1.34 Each enterprise fund shall be reviewed at least biennially and shall have a rate structure adequate to meet its operations and maintenance and long-term capital requirements. Policy CF-1.35 Rate increases of external agencies (i.e., King County secondary wastewater treatment fees) shall be passed through to the users of the utility. Policy CF-1.36 For safety and health reasons, the City shall provide sewers to all residential and commercial areas in the City's service area by using a combination of operating revenues, grants, loans, bonds, voluntary local improvement district formations, and/or interfund loans. Policy CF-1.37 Policy CF-1.38 Interfund loans shall be permissible if practical. Interest rates shall be computed based on the discounted market rate that is based on the US Treasury note rate(s) corresponding to the term of the loan, in order to adequately compensate the loaning fund. When there is a general long-term benefit to the respective enterprise fund and its customers, the City shall use bonded indebtedness as a funding alternative. Level -of -Service Standards Policy CF-1.39 Sufficient system capacity for surface water, water, sewer, and transportation is required prior to approval of any new development. (Standards for surface water, water and sewer are codified in the City's Municipal Code, and the transportation standards are in the Transportation Element of this Plan.) New development must pass the concurrency tests before development may be permitted. Policy CF-1.40 The City shall monitor the capacity and maintain the water, sewer, surface water, and transportation systems at the adopted standards. Capital Facilities CF - 11 December 2024 DRAFT GOAL CF-2 Policy CF-2.1 Policy CF-2.2 Policy CF-2.3 Policy CF-2.4 Policy CF-2.5 Policy CF-2.6 Policy CF-2.7 A Capital Improvement Program and facility designs that meet the broad spectrum of the City's human needs, rather than just traditional needs such as vehicular and pedestrian circulation, drinking water distribution, and sewage collection. The City shall recognize and provide for multiple purposes and functions of all City facilities and, where possible, incorporate the needs of the individual within the design. The design of infrastructure improvements shall include conservation of resources, such as water reuse and energy -efficient electric fixtures, and the use of local power generation. The design and location of infrastructure improvement shall consider the impact of climate change, environmental justice, seismic occurrence, flood risk, and maintaining the ability to serve the community in the event of a natural or other disaster. Minimizing the costs of maintaining, operating, and other life cycle costs shall be used as a criterion in the design and funding for any capital facility. The design and construction of capital projects shall: • Use best practices for constructing in accordance with crime prevention through environmental design; • Create high -quality built places that, as appropriate, are accessible to all; • Have a strong landscape component; • Maximize environmental and economic benefits; • Minimize environmental impacts; and • Promote public health by providing opportunities for safe and convenient daily physical activity. Throughout the City, the focus of capital investments shall be on creating a connected, dynamic urban environment. The City, both acting on its own or in coordination with flood protection partners, shall seek, design, and implement flood hazard reduction projects, that are long-term and low -maintenance flood hazard management solutions that meet multiple objectives, such as flood hazard protection, flood storage, water quality, recreation and habitat restoration. Policy CF-2.8 Reduce the solid waste stream and encourage reuse and recycling. Capital Facilities CF - 12 December 2024 DRAFT GOAL CF-3.1 Policy CF-3.2 The Green River levee system is constructed, maintained and certified to meet the accreditation standards of the Federal Emergency Management Administration and the City's Shoreline Master Program. Coordinate with King County Flood Control District and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to inspect and maintain the City's levee system and determine if it adequately protects the City in the face of increased flood events associated with Climate Change. Policy CF-3.3 Restrict levee encroachments by adjacent property owners. Policy CF-3.3 Policy CF-3.4 Continue to work with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop levee vegetation policies for the Green River levee system that enhance the ecosystem by providing shade and improving fish habitat, while at the same time protecting public safety and reducing long-term maintenance needs and costs. Coordinate with the City of Kent on flood control projects and climate impact studies that affect both jurisdictions, while complying with Tukwila's Shoreline Master Program. RELATED INFORMATION Capital Facilities Element Background Report Capital Improvement Program/Financial Planning Model (CIP/FPM) Fire Master Plan Parks, Recreation and Open Space Plan Surface Water Plan Water Plan Sewer Plan Transportation Background Report Capital Facilities CF - 13 December 2024