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HomeMy WebLinkAboutSpecial 2013-07-30 Index 7C - Natural Environment - Strikeout/Underline VersionTUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT PURPOSE This element of the Comprehensive Plan addresses the City's natural environment — air, land and water resources — by guiding future development in a manner that protects the community's identifies environmentally, improves the quality of life in the City and provides reasonable protection of community residents from natural hazards. sensitive areas within the City and sets forth goals and policies aimed at their management and protection. It builds upon Tukwila's June 1991 Sensitive Arens Ordinance, which formalized the City's long standing concern with environmental quality, and the 2004 revisions to that Ordinance. To be healthy and sustainable a community must integrate the natural environment into urban development design. The natural environment and its associated ecological processes provide many benefits to Tukwila including: • Visual relief from the hard, constructed surfaces of urban development; • Fish and wildlife habitat; • Air and water quality; • Surface water runoff management; • Recreational opportunities for interaction with nature; and • Aesthetic and economic benefits. The impetus for the 1995 Comprehensive Plan update was the adoption by the State legislature of RCW 37.70A, the Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) in 1991. In 1995, the Washington State legislature added a new section to the GMA requiring counties and cities to consider reliable scientific information when adopting policies and development regulations to designate and protect sensitive areas. RCW 37.70A.172 (1) states communities "shall include the best available science in developing policies and regulations to protect the functions and „ recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water, fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas; frequently flooded areas; and geologically hazardous -- areas. The Natural Environment WETLANDS ROLE Flood and Stormwater Control Water Quality Improvement Erosion Prevention Sediment Trapping Groundwater Recharge and Discharge Wildlife Habitat December 20082013 1 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment As a result of the new legislation and direction from the Growth Management Division of Washington's Office of Community Development, available science is incorporated into its sensitive area policies and regulations. Washington State's Growth Management Act and the King County Countywide Planning Policies define critical and priority areas as wetlands, fish and wildlife habitats, conservation areas, areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water, frequently flooded areas, and geologically hazardous areas. It requires cities and counties to identify such areas within their jurisdiction and to adopt development regulations protecting them such as are expressed in Tukwila's Sensitive Areas Ordinance and in the goals of this element of the Comprehensive Pfau, In addition, the Growth Management Act requires jurisdictions to desig nate natural resource lands of "long term commercial significance" and to adopt "development regulations to assure their conservation" (WAC 365 195 400(1)). Natural resource lands are those lands that have "long term commercial significance" for agriculture, growing trees commercially ( "forest lands "), and mineral resource lands. The GMA also states that of urban growth areas" (WAC 365 195 400(2)(b)). Through the comprehensive planning process, Tukwila has recognized that, as a highly urbanized area, the City's boundaries contain no significant natural resource lands. Therefore, policies in the Natural Environment Element are limited to critical areas and paleontologicalarchaeological areas. Past development in the City has been relatively intense, and environmental restoration is a significant aspect of Tukwila's land use policies. There is a citizens, its natural environment needs to be sensibly preserved and enhanced to promote recreational opportunities, to provide visual relief from the hard, constructed surfaces of urban life and to control and accommodate rainwater and manmade byproducts such as effluent. economic development practices with environmental protection. The aim is to provide sensible management of designated critical areas while maintaining and enhancing the important functions of these areas. Trees and vegetation also provide critical environmental services, which in turn, affect the quality of life of residents, visitors, daytime workers, and neighboring communities. Some of the benefits of trees are shown in the graphic below. December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment • BENEFITS OF TREES ENVIRONMENTAL • Fish & wildlife habitat • Improved air quality • Storm water mitigation • Reduced energy consumption • Sequestration of carbon • Stabilization of slopes SOCIAL • Lower crime rates • Mental health benefits • Improved physical health • Aesthetics and quality of life ECONOMIC • Consumer satisfaction /increased spending • Increased property values • Reduced maintenance of road surfaces (shade) • Green infrastructure — reduced cost over installing and maintaining surface water infrastructure The Natural Environment Element sets forth goals and policies to guide the protection and management of wetlands, watercourses, fish and wildlife habitat areas, and geologically hazardous areas — collectively called "sensitive areas ". It also includes goals and policies related to flood management, surface water management, water quality, and the urban forest (the combination of trees, shrubs, and other plants that make up the formal landscaped areas of the city and the natural areas in our parks and on private property). Goals and policies for the protection of paleontological and archaeological resources previously in this Element have been moved from this Element to Element 1, Community Image. (will be placed as a sidebar) To assist the City in the update of this Comprehensive Plan Chapter, the City formed the Tukwila Tree and Environment Advisory Committee, made up of members of the business and residential community. The Committee, working for over 9 months between 2012 and 2013, reviewed previous Comprehensive Plan policies in the Natural Environment and Community Image Elements and provided input for revisions and new goals, policies and implementation strategies. (Will be placed as a sidebar.) THE STATE OF TUKWILA'S URBAN ENVIRONMENT December 20082013 3 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Tukwila encompasses about 9 square miles and much of the city lies within an extensive valley centered on the Lower Green/Duwamish River watershed. The valley is virtually flat and almost entirely built out except for the newly annexed Tukwila South area, which is slated for development over the next 10 to 15 years. The upland areas of the City have rolling topography and numerous areas with steep and potentially unstable slopes. Many of the steep hillsides are forested with second or third growth trees and understories with a mix of native and invasive vegetation. These areas together with the City's numerous water resources provide important fish and wildlife habitat that coexist with the built environment. The following is a summary of conditions in the constituent elements of Tukwila's environment — more detail is found in the Background Report. Wetlands and Watercourses As urban development has occurred, natural drainage corridors have been altered or placed in culverts and wetlands have been filled. Remnant wetlands remain in some of the City's parks, on undeveloped slopes (formed by springs and groundwater seeps), in freeway interchanges, and in other areas of the City. The City has purchased Tukwila Pond and Macadam wetland for preservation. Tukwila Pond serves as both a wetland and temporary storm water storage pond for commercial development on its north side. Macadam wetland collects mostly naturally generated surface water from the steep slopes located on its east side. Stream alterations have affected wildlife and fish habitat. There are few remaining open channels in the four main streams in Tukwila (Johnson Creek, Gilliam Creek, Southgate Creek and Riverton Creek), which have been channelized, relocated and piped for much of their length. Construction of urban streets and highway systems and driveways required watercourses to be placed in culverts, which have blocked or made fish assa e difficult. All the streams dischar e into the Green/Duwamish River. Run -off coupled with steep slopes in the upper reaches of Gilliam, Southgate and Riverton Creeks has caused scouring and erosion in the stream channels, resulting in deepened ravines with steep banks, instability, bank erosion and downstream sedimentation. The lower reaches of Tukwila's streams are generally lacking in pools and woody debris, which are important for good fish habitat. Thus, the open reaches of Tukwila's streams are generally in deteriorated conditions with generally poor riparian habitat and narrow buffers. In fact, many tributaries of the urban watercourses flow in roadside ditches with little protection from urban impacts. December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Fish Species in Tukwila (will be placed in sidebar) Fish specieis found in the Green/Duwamish River include the following: Cutthroat trout Chinook salmon Chum salmon Coho salmon Pink salmon Sockeye salmon Bull trout Resident Cutthroat are found in Tukwila's streams, as well as other fish and aquatic species (photo of fish) Fish and Wildlife The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) has mapped and identified priority habitats and species in Tukwila to ensure their protection and management. They include: the Green/Duwamish River; reaches of Gilliam Creek, Southgate Creek and Riverton Creek; riparian areas (areas adjacent to streams and rivers) and freshwater wetlands. Also mapped are wetland complexes and Johnson Creek in Tukwila South. The Shoreline Master Program provides more detail on the City's involvement with the Water Resource Inventory Area 9 (WRIA 9) and the Green/Duwamish River Salmon Habitat Enhancement Plan, which is intended to restore habitat for Chinook salmon and other species. Tukwila citizens are actively involved in wildlife protection and enhancement activities, such as the Backyard Wildlife Program, projects to restore habitat, and a salmon rearing project that involves school children, state wildlife officials and local businesses in annual stocking of Coho salmon in Southgate Creek. Waterfowl areas in Tukwila include Tukwila Pond and the wetlands in Tukwila South, which provide important winter habitat for migrating water fowl and permanent habitat for other waterfowl. Over 50 species of birds have been recorded at Tukwila Pond. Other bird species found in Tukwila include osprey, which regularly nest near the Green/Duwamish River; hawks; and passerine birds. Other wildlife species in Tukwila include coyotes, Eastern Grey squirrels, beaver, otter, nutria, turtles (mostly non- native red -eared sliders), garter snakes, amphibians (non- native bullfrogs, native Pacific Tree frogs, and salamanders), opossum, and raccoons. December 20082013 5 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Flood Management Tukwila's urban center, the light industrial and manufacturing area south of S. 180th Street, part of Tukwila South, and Fort Dent Park are protected from flooding of the Green River by levee systems. The City participates in the National Flood Insurance Program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which has mapped regulated flood plains in Tukwila. Mapped floodplains and the levee system are explained in more detail in the Shoreline Element of the Comprehensive Plan. Impervious surfaces and the elimination of natural wetland functions have caused localized flooding from streams periodically at varying levels of severity on some areas of public right -of -way, as well as on private properties where inadequate or no surface water infrastructure exists. The City has resolved many of the flooding problems through improvements to surface water infrastructure. For example, periodic flooding from Gilliam Creek near Southcenter Boulevard was resolved through the construction of a regional detention facility that serves the area of Southcenter Boulevard west of Interstate 5. The surface water management system (surface water utility) is described in more detail in the Utilities Element of the Comprehensive Plan. More detailed information on localized flooding problems is provided in the City's Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan. Earth Resources and Geologic Hazards The City has mapped areas with steep and unstable slopes, including active landslide areas and springs to ensure that there is adequate review of slope stability if development is proposed in these areas. In addition, there are coal formations on the southwest side of Interurban Avenue South, some of which have been mined and are defined as sensitive areas based on City of Tukwila Abandoned Underground Coal Mine Hazard Assessment, May 1990. Water Quality Although the City does not have ongoing monitoring programs, periodic studies have indicated that Tukwila's streams and the Green/Duwamish River suffer from poor water quality due to surface water runoff. Rain events wash contaminants off of rooftops, driveways, sidewalks, parking lots, and roads into the watercourses. Runoff from these areas can contribute to high temperatures in urban streams and can carry contaminants into streams and wetlands. Many newer developments have flow control and water quality treatment facilities such as sediment removal December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment and oil water separators that moderate the discharges that flow directly into streams, but there are still areas of Tukwila where runoff from impervious surfaces discharges directly to streams and the river with no treatment. (See background report for more information on water quality.) Riparian habitat plays a valuable role in protecting stream water quality. Adequately -sized and healthy riparian buffers help filter out a variety of pollutants, including substances that can lead to the depletion of oxygen in streams. Riparian vegetation can also shade streams, reducing water temperatures. However, most of Tukwila's streams have poor quality, narrow riparian areas. Air Quality Tukwila lies in the air quality region made up of King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish counties. Air quality is monitored and managed by the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency. Through the efforts of the Clean Air Agency, all of King County currently has good air quality, except for occasional periods when air quality in our area is considered a risk to health, particularly for members of the population with respiratory conditions. Climate Change The impacts of climate change in Tukwila could affect several aspects of the natural environment as well as the provision of utilities to its citizens. Climate change could cause rising sea levels which would affect the tidally - influenced portions of the Green/Duwamish River, raising water levels in the river and causing tidal waters to reach further up river and into streams. This, in turn, could impact flood control measures and fish and wildlife habitat, with particular detriment to salmon. Other possible effects of climate change could include new and increased insect infestations in the City's urban forest; changes in wildlife behavior and diversity; and, reduced availability of water supplies for drinking water, irrigation of gardens, landscaped areas, street trees, and parks. Tukwila's Urban Forest The "City of Tukwila Urban Tree Canopy Assessment," completed in 2012, quantifies existing urban tree canopy as well as impervious surfaces, surface water, grasslands, and bare soils. The assessment forms the basis for several new goals and policies related to the urban forest. See the assessment report appended to this chapter of the Comprehensive Plan. The results of the study show that Tukwila has a current overall city -wide average tree canopy cover of 25% and impervious surface of 51 %. The December 20082013 7 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment residential zones range from 33% to 51% canopy across 1,869 acres, while the industrial and commercial zones have tree canopy ranging from 9% to 49% across 2,780 acres. The City is fortunate to have remnant stands of second or third - growth native forests and high canopy coverage in its single family residential areas, on undeveloped steep slopes, and in some of its parks (for example, Crystal Springs Park and Tukwila Park). However, trees and understory vegetation in many of our parks and natural areas are plagued with infestations of invasive plants like blackberry and ivy. Trees in undeveloped areas are threatened by future development. Aging trees in already developed residential and commercial areas become hazardous and require removal, and are not always replaced with new trees. The City has street trees of varying species, sizes, health and maturity planted on City rights -of -way throughout Tukwila. They range from large canopy trees to small canopy or young trees that do not provide many benefits. Street trees often do not get replaced when they are damaged or removed and do not all get the level of care or the conditions they need to thrive. Shade trees are generally lacking in most of the City's commercial parking lots and other landscaped areas. Trees in these areas are often improperly pruned or removed and not replaced. Trees throughout the City are frequently damaged by installation or maintenance of infrastructure and new development. The Green /Duwamish River and the City's streams generally have narrow riparian buffers that have been impacted by urbanization over the years, reducing the amount of urban forest in these areas. Some reaches of the river are characterized by large native canopy trees (Foster Golf Course, for example), while in other areas, there is little to no tree canopy and large expanses of invasive vegetation instead. Trees have been removed from the Green River levee, south of SR 405, to meet Corps of Engineers requirements. Several environmental restoration projects to enhance the urban forest have been completed or are underway in the City's parks, wetlands and streams, and along the Duwamish River. Trees have been planted along the river by the County as mitigation for removal of trees elsewhere. The City also plants hundreds of trees in its parks each year; requires trees as part of landscaping for commercial, industrial, office and multi - family developments; and requires tree replacement in sensitive areas. December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN However, the City does not have a comprehensive written urban forestry plan, street tree, or other program in place to ensure a healthy urban forest across all areas of the City. A program to improve the urban forest should include the following aspects: • Preserve existing trees and forest; • Preserve and improve the "tree- growing" environment (i.e. provide adequate growing conditions for trees); and • Plant for the long -term (ensure the right tree in the right place, sufficient provisions for tree maintenance and care). I • - • Stored Carbon ^' 71,000 Tons 4 $1.4M • Sequestered Carbon — 2300 Ton /yr 4 $48K • Carbon Monoxide (CO) ^' 4.3 Ton /yr 4 $4K • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) — 10 Ton /yr -* • Ozone (03) ^' 4.3 Ton /yr • Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) — 8.5 Ton /yr 4 • Particulate Matter ^ 15.7 Ton /yr - Yearly Benefit 4 $493K $89K $240K $18K $94K Regulations The Natural Environment The v the co im.ro total o ue that Tukwila's trees •rovide t Ira •hil unit in terms of air ualit ements was calculated to e s ual a $443 000.00 as detailed in th . (side bar) In addition to the State Growth Management Act, many regulations at the federal, state, and local levels apply to the management of Tukwila's natural environment. More information can be found in the background report for this Chapter. (The following text will appear as a side bar item) December 20082013 9 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Regulatory or Resource Agencies Management of the Natural Environment Federal: • EPA • Corps of Engineers • National Marine Fisheries Service & US Fish and Wildlife Service • FEMA State • Department of Ecology • Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife • Department of Natural Resources Regional/Local • Puget Sound Clean Air Agency • Puget Sound Partnership • Puget Sound Regional Council • King County (planning policies, water quality) • King County Flood Control District • King Conservation District ISSUES There are several key issues that reflect new community priorities and respond to new regulations at the local, regional, state and federal levels addressed in the Natural Environment Element. The goals and policies that follow respond to these identified issues. Environmental Quality, Community Education and Environmental Stewardship. In order to foster best practices for protecting Tukwila's environmental quality, improve the protection and restoration of the City's sensitive areas and fish and wildlife habitat and improve air and water quality, the City needs to provide information and education to the community in various forms. In addition, the City should continue to expand efforts, in collaboration with other organizations and businesses, to engage the community through hands -on environmental stewardship and restoration activities. Policies regarding the protection of fish and wildlife and climate change are also important to incorporate into the Natural Environment Chapter. Sensitive Areas. Although Tukwila enacted significant revisions to its Sensitive Areas regulations in 2004 and again in 2010, new December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment policies are needed to reflect the most current best available science information and new federal and state regulations and guidelines. Tukwila also needs to improve the protection of watercourses and find mechanisms to ensure that compensatory mitigation is successful for the long term. Fish and Wildlife Habitat. The listing of Puget Sound Chinook Salmon and Bull Trout under the Endangered Species Act has underscored the need for the City to protect and restore habitat for fish and other wildlife. New policies, continued restoration efforts, and new sources of funding are needed to carry out restoration of habitat on the Green/Duwamish River and its tributaries. The City must continue to be actively involved in shaping policies and programs and helping to implement the Water Resource Inventory Area 9 Salmon Habitat Enhancement Plan, in collaboration with other local jurisdictions and County, State and Federal government agencies. Water Quality. More efforts are needed to improve and protect water quality in the City's wetlands, watercourses and the Green/Duwamish River. Programs for monitoring water quality, retrofitting surface water management systems where there are water quality problems and improving riparian buffers are important actions for the City to carry out. Surface Water Management. With new State requirements for the management of surface water, the City must modify its surface water regulations and begin implementing and requiring low impact development techniques for surface water system retrofits and for new development. Flood Management. Because the City has levees along parts of the Green - Duwamish River to reduce flood potential, it is necessary for the City to coordinate with County and Federal officials, and neighboring local jurisdictions on maintenance and rebuilding of the levees, and ensuring that federal certification is continued, where applicable. Also, due to the listing of Chinook salmon under the Endangered Species Act, and Corps of Engineers policies restricting vegetation on levees, the City needs to be involved in efforts to achieve good riparian conditions, while not compromising the integrity of levees or losing federal certification. Earth Resources. The definition of steep slopes should be clarified and new policies are needed to require setbacks and better protect trees on steep slopes. December 20082013 11 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Trees and the Urban Forest. The City needs to establish policies and programs to protect and enhance the urban forest including establishing improved policies for protecting trees, increasing tree canopy, and ensuring sufficient resources to properly maintain trees, improve tree health, and reduce potential hazards to the public. This Element provides new goals and policies to address these issues. Geographically, Tukwila is a relatively small area within an extensive valley centered on the Green/Duwamish River drainage system. While the valley is virtually flat, the upland plateau has rolling and undulating topography. the presence of wetlands and unstable soil conditions. retain developable native soils. Owing to their different physical and limitations on land use. (Figure 5) Figure 5 Natural environment topographic limitations drainage corridors to carry runoff from showers and seasonal storms. Today, the few remaining natural stream corridors are no longer surrounding developed areas. Tukwila experiences flooding and erosion to the conversion of pervious soils to impervious surfaces, further Construction of Howard Hanson Dam and river channel modifications reduced floodplain areas and made more land available for development. Even though the loss of natural wetlands has caused increased drainage and industrial uses. The upland plateau presents natural hazards associated with steep slopes that are unstable, and includes active landslides and wetland springs that will likely remain undeveloped. There are natural coal areas within the City's upland plateau. Some of these formations have been mined and are defined as sensitive areas (based Assessment, May 1990). December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN GOALS AND POLICIES The following goals and policies address the issues identified above. Goal 4.1 The city's air, land and water resources are restored and protected for future [generations!. Retention and improvement of areas of potential geologic instability, wetlands and watercourses for wildlife habitat, Policies 4.1.1 Anticipate the effects of climate change by keeping abreast of current scientific data and plan for adapting City regulations and internal procedures, as kieedeat Regulate land use and development, using Best Available Science to protect natural vegetation and hydrology to prevent significant erosion, sedimentation, or degradation of areas of potential geologic instability, wetlands, watercourses, and their associated • Sensitive Areas Ordinance • Land altering regulations • Tree regulations • Require 90% surface water design early in permitting process 4.1.2 Collaborate with Federal and State fish and wildlife agencies to identify priority species (endangered, threatened, sensitive, and candidate species) and priority habitats to determine appropriate protection and wildlife access measuresLFor new small, frequent storm events. Maintain water quality to predevelopment levels; and prohibit direct discharge to downstream drainage systems unless allowed by specific regulations. • Sensitive Ar us Ordinance • Stormwater regulations 4.1.3 Identify impacts to wildlife from new development and ensure protection of existing priority wildlife habitat, including Osprey and Bald Eagle nests and Chinook and Bull Trout habitat, The Natural Environment Comment [CL1 ] : The location of goals and policies in this chapter has been reorganized. Comment [CL2 ] : Substitute this new broader goal for current Goal 4.1 Comment [CL3] : New policy to address climate change. Comment [CL4] : This policy relocated and renumbered as proposed policy 4.6.1 Comment [CL5] : Throughout the Chapter, all implementation strategies have been grouped by topic area and are meant to apply to the preceding goal(s) and policies - this provides needed clarity and guidance to users of the document. Comment [CL6] : New policy based in part on current policies 4.2.1 and 4.2.4. Comment [CL7] : This policy modified and now in Goal 4.8 December 20082013 13 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment when issuing permits for Idevelopmentl. Restore watershed function; encourage removal of piped sections of watercourses, where feasible and practical to create open channels for watercourse Iconveyancel. 4.1.4 Assist applicants in complying with Federal and State wildlife and endangered species regulations for all public and private sector brojectsl. For new and existing development, prevent illicit discharge to downstream drainage systems. 1A 1 11/ Iry f Clean water educational programs for business community • Storm water regulations • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit Requirements • Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan and Ordinance 4.1.5 Develop and implement programs that encourage Tukwila residents and businesses to take active measures to protect and enhance Tukwila's natural environment. Such measures could include the use of low impact development techniques, natural streambank restoration, non -toxic lawn care, composting and Fecyclini Evaluate wetland mitigation strategies in order to better replace or preserve wetland functions, and also to provide development flexibility, as long as wetland functions are not 7.1.6 Require appropriate mitigation timcd to ensure no net loss of water resource areaYunction4. • Mitigation completed or bonded prior to development 1.1.7 In order to preserve the public benefit and values of wetlands and watercourses, protect existing vegetation and use supplemental native plantings in wetland and watercourse • Examination of drainage basins to identify detention areas • Stormwater regulation 9.1.8 Allow off site wetland and flood control mitigation where there is an equivalent benefit within the affected basin, no significant combined with City sponsored programsl. December 20132008 Comment [CL8]: New policy to address importance of wildlife. Comment [CL9]: This policy modified and divided into three proposed policies found at 4.5.1, 4.5.5 and 4.5.6. Comment [CL1O]: New policy to reflect actual procedures used by City. Comment [CL11] : Modified and moved to Policy 4.7.5 Comment [CL12]: New policy in recognition of upcoming NPDES permit requirements. Comment [CL13] : This policy modified and included in proposed Policy 4.6.1 Comment [CL14] : This policy modified and moved to proposed Policy 4.6.3 Comment [CL15] : The intent of this policy encompassed in proposed Policy 4.6.1 Comment [CL16] : This policy modified and moved to proposed Policy 4.6.5 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN L A 1 A WM YID • Require early submission of mitigation proposals • Sensitive Areas Ordinance 1.1.9 Retain, enhance, or replace wetlands and watercourses Goal 4.2 purposes such as fish and wildlife habitat, flood control, stormwater detention, water quality improvement, and ecreation. • ' I r , A v • Regional wetland detention areas for public and private off site mitigation • Sensitive Areas Ordinance • Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan and regulations An educated public that understands the importance of protecting sensitive areas, wildlife and fish habitat in the City's natural areas, wetlands, watercourses and the Green/Duwamish River and assists in their stewardshipl. Protected fish and wildlife lhabita1. Policies 4.2.1 Expand free or low cost educational programs and materials for the community about the multiple benefits of the City's sensitive areas, flood plains, the urban forest, and wildlife habitat and on individual responsibilities for their [stewardship. Inventoy, classify, and designate fish and wildlife priority habitats. Provide special consideration to anadromous fish 4.2.2 Provide individualized education and technical support to residential property owners and general guidance to businesses regarding environmental stewardship. Preserve and restore appropriate vegetation planting . habitat larcas. 4.2.3 Develop and continue to support community - oriented wildlife educational programs such as the Tukwila Backyard Wildlife Program. Enhance fish and wildlife habitat through water quality control measures, such as runoff control and best management practices to maintain aquatic systems. The Natural Environment Comment [CL17] : This policy modified and included in proposed Policy 4.6.1 Comment [CL18] : Modified from existing Goal 4.4 Comment [CL19] : Current goal 4.2 has been modified and incorporated into proposed Goal 4.5 Comment [CL20] : Modified from current Policy 4.4.1. Comment [CL21] : This policy modified and moved to proposed Policy 4.1.3. Comment [SW22] : Proposed new policy to reflect current efforts already being provided by staff. Comment [CL23] : Policy modified ` and included in proposed Policy 4.6.1 Comment [CL24] : Modified from a current Implementation Strategy Comment [CL25] : Modified and included in proposed Policy 4.6.1. December 20082013 15 Comment [CL29] : Modified from Policy 4.4.1 with increased emphasis on citizen involvement in restoration efforts. l J Comment [CL30] : Policy modified and incorporated in proposed new policy 4.11.1 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment 1.2.4 Protect and manage Tukwila's priority habitat areas, and habitat corridors within and between. urisdiction4 Sensitive Areas Ordinance Q Coordination with the Department of Fish and Wildlife Priority Species Program Q Shoreline Overlay Q Comprehensive Surface Water Management Plan and regulations Q Tree Ordinance Q Consideration of WRIA 9 recommendations NOTE: The implementation strategies identified above apply to Policies 4.2.1 through 4.2.4. Goal 4.3 Increased number of Tukwila residents trained as environmental stewards and actively participating in environmental restoration and lmaintenance Reduced potential impacts and liabilities associated with development in areas of potential geologic instability Policies 4.3.1 Sponsor joint City and citizen cleanup and restoration projects and expand the citizen volunteer base in Tukwila for restoration and maintenance of the City's natural areas. 4.3.2 Collaborate with environmental organizations and businesses to support recruiting and training of environmental stewards, identify restoration projects, and provide logistical support for their worl4 Avoid potential hazards and minimize public approving development in areas of potential geologic instability, require that conventional measures to maintain slope stability be implemented, with the costs borne by the property lowners. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND STEWARDSHIP IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIESY • Assign responsibilities for tracking climate change issues and develop recommendations for new City management policies, as needed. December 20132008 Comment [CL26] : Modified and included in proposed Policy 4.1.3. Comment [CL27] : Modified from current Goal 4.4 to reflecting the need for more hands -on restoration efforts, and trained volunteers to lead them. Comment [CL28] : This goal modified and included in proposed Goal 4.11 Comment [CL31] : New policy that expands on current Goal 4.4 and Policy 4.4.1, and reflects current City efforts. Comment [CL32] : Policy modified and expanded on in proposed policies 4.11.1, 4.11.2, 4.11.3, 4.11.4, and 4.11.5. TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • Update and expand the City's website to post information on environmental stewardship, green building techniques and standards, recycling and re -use of construction waste, low impact development techniques, and other related topics. Distribute such information to applicants and contractors during permit reviews. • Expand the availability of brochures on environmentally friendly lawn care, recycling and other environmental stewardship information, as funding permits. • Incorporate green construction and low impact development techniques into City construction or retrofit projects as a tool for educating Tukwila residents, businesses and developers about their benefits. • Develop and mail topic - specific fact sheets to property owners on environmental stewardship in a variety of languages. • Publish articles on environmental stewardship in the Tukwila Reporter and/or Hazelnut. • Team with other environmental organizations such as Forterra, Earth Corps, National Wildlife Federation, and the Washington Native Plant Society to train environmental stewards, help recruit and manage volunteers and carry out environmental restoration projects. • Engage youth and school groups in restoration projects. • Seek grants and donations to fund publications, volunteer environmental restoration projects and citizen stewardship training • Maintain contact with Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the federal resource agencies to stay up to date on wildlife management policies, permit requirements and requirements for preparing biological assessments. • Sensitive Ar s Ordinance 4.3.3 Require areas where vegetation remains undisturbed and require significant replanting upon development. • Tree Ordinance The Natural Environment Comment [CL33] : Modified and incorporated into proposed Policy 4.11.2. December 20082013 17 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Water Resources The Water Resources Section includes the following overarching general goal that is supported by the goals and policies in the subsections that follow. Goal 4.4 Citizens who understand Tukwila's ecosystems and act responsibly regarding their functions. Water resources that function as a healthy, integrated system; provide a long -term public benefit from enhanced environmental quality, and have the potential to reduce public infrastructure lcostsl. Wetlands/Watercourses/Fish and Wildlife Habitat Policy I.1.1 Create an educational program for all segments of the community on the multiple purposes of the City's sensitive areas and on individual responsibilities regarding it, and sponsor joint City and citizen cleanup and rehabilitation Goal 4.5 g • Neighborhood and City sponsored clean ups and tree planting programs • Recycling programs • "Adopt -a- Stream" program • Backyard Wildlife Sanctuary Program • Access features, such as trails and interpretation of sensitive and provides a long term public benefit from enhanced environmental Eitialit-yl Vital and self - sustaining fish and wildlife habitat areas that also , provide, where appropriate, opportunities for recreational and educational Uses. Policy 4.5.1 Restore watershed function through sensitive area restoration projects on publicly owned lands and by working with property owners to restore /improve sensitive areas on private 1property December 20132008 Comment [CL34] : This goal modified and incorporated into proposed Goal 4.2. Comment [CL35] : This proposed goal is modified from current Goal 4.5. Comment [CL36] : This policy modified and included in proposed policies 4.2.1 and 4.2.3. Comment [CL37] : Modified and incorporated into proposed Goal 4.4. Comment [CL38] : Proposed new goal that recognizes the importance of revitalizing and educating the public about fish and wildlife habitat areas. Comment [CL39] : Modified from current policy 4.1.3 • • • J TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Policy 4.5.2 Recognize, protect and enhance the value of watercourse and river riparian zones and other natural areas as wildlife Icorridorsl. Policy 4.5.3 Develop best management practices for surface water drainage and street maintenance activities to avoid disturbing or destroying native riparian vegetation. Where riparian vegetation is disturbed through maintenance activities, restore vegetation with native species. Policy 4.5.4 Identify staff and financial support for restoration projects, wherever feasible to enhance salmonid habitat in watercourses, wetlands and the Green /Duwamish River, including projects identified in the Shoreline Master Program Habitat Restoration Program and the Water Resource Inventory Area 9 Salmon Habitat P1a4 Policy 4.5.5 Prohibit piping of watercourses except where unavoidable for access purposes. Where feasible and practical to create healthy riparian habitat, encourage removal of piped sections of watercourses as part of new or redevelopment and public [projects. Policy 4.5.6 Prohibit creation of new fish barriers and, where possible, eliminate existing barriers to fish passage through implementation of capital improvement projects and by providing incentives to private sector Idevelopmen( 4.5.1 Manage flood plains, rivers, groundwater, and other water resources for multiple uses, including flood and erosion hazard 4.5.2 Evaluate the downstream impacts due to increased runoff volume. Protect downstream properties and modify the upstream land used Q Define drainage basin boundaries and identify surface water problems in each basin Create GIS inventory of City's existing surface water infrastructure The Natural Environment Comment [CL40] : Proposed new policy. Comment [CL41] : Proposed new policy. Comment [CL42] : Proposed new policy. Supports City's newly adopted Shoreline Master Program and commitments to WRIA 9 Plan. Comment [CL43] : Modified from current Policy 4.1.3. Comment [CL44] : Modified from current Policy 4.1.3 to prohibit new barriers. Comment [CL45] : Flood related policies grouped together under new goal 4.9. Comment [CL46] : Modified and incorporated into proposed policy 4.8.2 December 20082013 19 • TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Flood Plain Management regulations Goal 4.6 Protected paleontological and archeological artifacts and sites. 4.6.1 Inventory sites and adopt measures to ensure that paleontological and archaeological materials and site details are preserved for posterity. • Historic sites map • Goal 4.6 Watercourses and their buffers, wetlands and wetland buffers protected from encroachment and degradation and improved through mitigation, enhancement and restoration (projects. Policy 4.6.1 Regulate land use and development, using Best Available Science, to protect and improve natural vegetation and hydrology in order to prevent significant erosion, sedimentation, or degradation of areas of potential geologic instability, wetlands, watercourses, fish and wildlife habitat areas and their associated Ibuffersl. Policy 4.6.2 Ensure mitigation sequencing is applied to avoid or minimize impacts to sensitive areas consistent with Federal and State guidelines. Policy 4.6.3 Require and enforce mitigation in order to ensure no net loss of sensitive area functions as well as mitigation designed to replace sensitive area acreage lost due to development. Policy 4.6.4 Ensure the effectiveness of sensitive area mitigation by requiring adequate sensitive area studies and mitigation plans, the application of mitigation sequencing, financial assurances from project proponents to ensure mitigation success, and by improving City oversight of maintenance and monitoring of mitigation [sites Policy 4.6.5 Allow off -site wetland mitigation only when there is greater functional benefit, no significant adverse impact to the adjacent property, and no significant adverse impact to existing wetlands or watercourses. Preference shall be given first to December 20132008 Comment [CL47] : Goal has been modified and moved to the Community Image Chapter to be included with the Historic Preservation goals and policies. Comment [CL48] : Proposed new goal that incorporates Policies 4.1.7, 4.2.2, Comment [CL49] : Modified from current policy 4.1.1 Comment [CL50] : New policy to reflect current SAO regulations and State and Federal requirements. Comment [CL51] : Modified from current Policy 4.1.6. Comment [CL52] : New policy that incorporates the elements of existing Policy 4.1.5. TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN mitigation sites within Tukwila's portion of the Green - Duwamish watershed, followed by sites located elsewhere in the watershed. Policy 4.6.6 Consider allowing payment into an in -lieu fee program for mitigation outside of Tukwila where ecological benefits of such actions will be significantly greater than mitigation locations in the Policy 4.6.7 Consider creating a City in -lieu fee program for future wetland mitigation or collaborate with King County to establish in -lieu fee sites in Tukwila for wetland restoration projects, including projects along the Green/Duwamish River shoreline. Policy 4.6.8 In collaboration with other agencies, develop a program to provide guidance to property owners interested in using their property for sensitive area mitigation or shoreline mitigation. Wetlands /Watercourses /Fish and Wildlife Habitat Implementation Strategies • Continue implementation of the Sensitive Areas Regulations and improve tracking and monitoring, and develop other mechanisms to improve compliance with maintenance requirements. Update the regulations as necessary to ensure they reflect current Best Available Science. • Develop guidelines and provide training to surface water, and- street maintenance and parks staff in best management practices for work in sensitive areas. • Periodically offer special workshops or classes for property owners on sensitive areas stewardship, regulations, stream bank enhancement and other related topics. • Publish articles on sensitive areas stewardship in the Tukwila Reporter and/or Hazelnut. • Encourage off -site wetland mitigation and offer assistance to property owners interested in providing mitigation sites, where appropriate. • Evaluate opportunities and Federal and State requirements for in -lieu fee wetland mitigation programs, and discuss options for using County- designated sites in Tukwila. Provide recommendations to decision - makers. • Continue implementation of the Surface Water Management Plan and individual watercourse Basin Plans to remove The Natural Environment Comment [CL53] : Modified from current Policy 4.1.8 Comment [CL54] : New policies 4.6.6 and 4.6.7 are proposed to address COE guidance Comment [CL55] : Proposed new policy. Comment [CL56] : Revision by Planning Commission December 20082013 21 Comment [CL61] : New policy. J TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment identified fish barriers during surface water and street maintenance and upgrade projects, where possible. • Continue to coordinate with the Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Tribes regarding projects that impact fish and the design of watercourse restoration projects. Water Quality /Quantity Goal 4.7 The water quality in Tukwila's wetlands, watercourses, fish and wildlife habitat areas and the Green/Duwamish River is improved over une• Policy 4.7.1 Improve surface water management and ensure provision of water quality treatment where requiredl. Policy 4.7.2 Prevent and reduce streambank and channel erosion and sedimentation of water resources through implementation of surface water and land clearing regulations and inspections. Policy 4.7.3 Initiate educational and management programs to reduce the use of chemicals having negative impacts on the environment or human health. Prohibit the application of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, algaecides, rodenticides, etc.) to surface water systems or their buffers unless warranted to protect ecological functions of the system, and inform applicators about State pesticide licensing �egulationsl. Policy 4.7.4 To protect water quality, promote natural yard care, alternatives to grass lawns, and proper waste management through educational programs and iublicity. Policy 4.7.5 Continue City monitoring for illicit surface water discharges and ensure that action is taken to eliminate any such discharges. Policy 4.7.6 Retrofit existing City surface water systems, including ditches conveying stormwater, to improve the water quality of discharges where there are significant water quality lbenefitsl. Goal 4.8 Surface water generated by urban development does not exceed pre- development discharge rated. Policy 4.8.1 Demonstrate implementation of low - impact development techniques through grant- funded public projects. December 20132008 Comment [CL57] : Proposed new goal. Comment [CL58 ] : Modified from current Policy 4.1.2. Comment [CL59] : Proposed new policy due to observed erosion problems. Comment [CL60 ] : Proposed new policy. Comment [CL62] : Modified from current policy 4.1.4. Comment [CL63] : New policy. Comment [CL64] : Modified from existing Policy 4.1.2. TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Where feasible, incorporate such techniques into City capital facilities projects. Provide technical assistance to developers and encourage the use of such techniques for stormwater [management'. Policy 4.8.2 Require that all proposed development identifies hydrologic features both on -and off -site that could be impacted by the project. Evaluate project impacts on on -site and off -site watercourses, wetlands, drainage features and springs to avoid adverse impacts to existing sensitive area ihydrologi Policy 4.8.3 Continue inspection programs to ensure proper maintenance of public and private surface water management [systems. Water Quality and Quantity Implementation Strategies • Implement water quality testing, as required under the City's new National Pollutant Discharge System permit and develop action plans for identifying and eliminating sources of pollution when problems are identified. • Provide training and written information on low- impact development techniques to developers, contractors, City staff and City officials. • Set up internal procedures for evaluating development projects to ensure no adverse impacts to wetland or stream hydrology. • Publish articles on environmental stewardship and water quality protection in the Tukwila Reporter and/or Hazelnut. Flood Control Goal 4.9: The natural flood attenuation functions of wetlands, floodplains and floodways are protected and severe flooding is reduced to help prevent damage to life, property and public safety. Policy 4.9.1 Restrict or prohibit development that could create a danger to health, safety and property due to potential flood hazards, by complying with federal regulations. Policy 4.9.2 Minimize the alteration of natural surface water features that retain or carry floodwaters (such as wetlands, natural flood plains and streams) and prevent land alterations that would increase potential [floodini The Natural Environment Comment [CL65 ] : Proposed new policy to reflect upcoming NPDES requirements. Comment [CL66] : Proposed new policy, includes language from current Policy 4.5.2. Comment [CL67 ] : Proposed new policy. Comment [CL68] : Proposed new goal. Comment [CL69] : Modified from Policies 12.1.18 and 12.1.19 from Utilities Element. Comment [CL70 ] : New policy that incorporates the intent of Policy 4.1.9. December 20082013 23 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Policy 4.9.3 Reduce flooding that adversely affects public health, safety and general welfare and protect against flood damage through surface water and flood management irojects. Policy 4.9.4 Minimize adverse impacts to water resources by requiring the use of bioengineering and natural solutions for bank stabilization or flood control projects, wherever !feasible. Policy 4.9.5 Require mitigation to reduce adverse environmental impacts from engineered flood control measures on a case -by -case !basis!. Goal 4.10: The levee system south of I -405 is constructed, maintained and certified to meet the accreditation standards of the Federal Emergency Management Administration. Policies: Policy 4.10.1 Coordinate with King County Flood Control District and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to inspect and maintain the City's levee system. Policy 4.10.2 Restrict levee encroachments by adjacent property owners. Policy 4.10.3 Continue to work with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop levee vegetation policies that enhance habitat while at the same time protecting public safety. Policy 4.10.4 Coordinate with the City of Kent on flood control projects that affect both jurisdictions! Flood Control Implementation Strategies: • Regulate uses, development and redevelopment, including essential facilities, in flood plains consistent with federal regulations • Prevent cumulative effects of obstructions in a flood zone by restricting development and other actions to zero increase in flood elevation. • Require flood proofing or elevation of structures above the base flood elevation when built in a flood zone. • Encourage the use of Low- Impact Development for surface water management from new development or redevelopment, where appropriate. December 20132008 Comment [CL71] : Modified from Policy 12.1.18, Utilities Element. Comment [CL72] : New policy to reflect Best Available Science. Comment [CL73] : New policy. Comment [CL74] : This goal and the following polices are new and intended to recognize the importance of the federally certified levee system along the Green /Duwamish River south of I -404 and the need to maintain its accreditation and work with other agencies and property owners on the system's maintenance, enhancing habitat and preventing encroachments. TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • Prohibit placement of structures or fill in the floodplain that would cause an increase in the elevation of the "zero rise" floodway. • Increase City staff expertise in bioengineering techniques for bank stabilization. • Participate in county -wide flood control meetings sponsored by King County Flood Control District, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and other applicable organizations. Earth Resources Goal 4.11: Potential impacts and liabilities associated with development in areas of potential geologic instability and coal mine hazard areas are minimized, erosion is prevented and natural surface water features are protected from loss, disruption or Ichannelization1 Policy 4.11.1 Require geotechnical studies for any development proposal on slopes over 15% to ensure that design takes into account geologic characteristics, surface and groundwater, and the presence of trees and native vegetation and their role in slope stabilization. Policy 4.11.2 In geologically hazardous areas, require areas where vegetation must remain undisturbed, land disturbance minimized and cut and fill construction limited to protect slope stability on sites cleared for development. Require significant replanting and maintenance upon completion of development. Policy 4.11.3 Require setbacks for buildings and other infrastructure where needed from the top and /or toe of steep slopes to reduce risks of slope failure and risks to public Ls_afetyl. Policy 4.11.4 Require the use of erosion control measures, and where warranted, written [erosion and sediment control plans to minimize erosion during and after construction activities on steep slopes or other erosion -prone areas. Policy 4.11.5 Incorporate information from geotechnical reports and documented landslide and erosion -prone areas into the City's GIS data Policy 4.11.6 Ensure that proposed development projects in mapped [coal mine hazard areas adequately consider and mitigate for possible risks. Earth Resources Implementation Strategies The Natural Environment Comment [SW75] : Modified from current Goal 4.3 Comment [P76] : Modified from existing Policy 4.3.1. Studies are already required in the Sensitive Areas Regulations. Comment [P77] : Modified from existing Policy 4.3.3 Comment [SW78] : Proposed new policy. Comment (P79]: Policy added to support existing regulations for erosion control. Comment [SW80] : Proposed new policy to ensure maps are as up to date as possible. Comment [P81] : Policy added to support existing regulations. December 20082013 25 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment • Modify requirements for geotechnical evaluations under the Sensitive Areas Regulations to expand the assessment of trees' function in slope stability. • Review and consider revising the SAO definition of steep slopes. • Ensure that erosion control plans are adequate and that erosion control measures are implemented through inspections conducted as part of land clearing permits and NPDES permits. • Update the City's GIS system to reflect data submitted in geotechnical studies. Urban Forestry Currently there are no overarching urban forestry goals in the Comprehensive Plan. However, the Community Image Element has one goal (Goal 1.4) related to vegetated hillsides, three policies (1.4.1, 1.4.2 and 1.10.12), and several implementation strategies that address urban forestry. These are shown in the text box. It is proposed that they be deleted from the Community Image Element and be incorporated into the proposed new Urban Forestry Section of the Natural Environment Element, given the benefits of trees for natural and urban areas, including stormwater runoff management, habitat, economic and aesthetic values, etc. December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Goal 1.4. Vegetated hillsides and freeway corridors. Policies 1.4.1 Require that new development along hillsides and bluffs retain substantial amounts of significant trees. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY • Tree preservation regulations 1.4.2 Coordinate a planting program with the Washington Department of Transportation to introduce major trees along the freeway corridors within Washington State Department of Transportation right -of -ways. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY • Highway corridor planting plan 1.10.12 Develop and implement programs which identify Tukwila's tree resources, establish priorities for protection and planting, and provide guidelines for perpetual maintenance, replacement and planting of trees. The following Implementation Strategies are included in the Comprehensive Plan to implement the policy 1.10.12: L IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES • Tree protection and clearing regulations • Landscaping standards for trees • Urban Forestry program • CBD Street Tree Program • Pacific Highway South Street Tree Program • Technical staff available • Tree planting programs and grants Note: all proposed goals and policies are new, unless otherwise noted. Goal 4.12: Trees are recognized by Tukwila citizens, businesses, City staff and decision - makers for their benefits to the environment, urban infrastructure and their aesthetic value. Policy 4.12.1 Develop a formal urban forest management plan to promote and guide preservation, restoration and maintenance of a sustainable urban forest, using the goals and policies of this chapter as a basis for guidance. Policy 4.12.2 Ensure that the benefits of trees are factored into site design and permit decisions. Policy 4.12.3 Ensure that regulations recognize that larger trees provide more benefits than small trees. Comment [P82] : New goal that goes further than existing Policy 1.10.12 (Element 1), with policies that support management and protection of the urban forest December 20082013 27 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Policy 4.12.4 Seek to create and fund an urban forester /municipal arborist position within the City, or contract for such services, to provide expertise for urban forest management planning, oversight of tree planting and maintenance, and assistance to all City departments that have responsibilities for tree management. Policy 4.12.5 Educate the public, elected officials and City staff about the importance of and benefits provided by trees in Tukwila. Policy 4.12.6 Develop tree valuation methods to reflect the value trees provide, for use in assessing fines, determining damages or estimating loss of tree benefits. Policy 4.12.7 Identify funding sources to support urban forestry planning and management and establish an urban forestry budget and account. Policy 4.12.8 Consider developing an "exceptional" or "heritage" tree program to foster tree appreciation in the community. Policy 4.12.9 Encourage public involvement in urban forest stewardship through volunteer events, free training workshops, and other means. Goal 4.13 Tree Canopy Goal: Overall city -wide tree canopy for the zoning categories indicated below'- has increased to a total of 29% by 2034 by achieving the following City -wide goals for different land use categoriesl: Goals for Increasing Canopy Light Industrial zones: 3% increase from 20% to achieve 23% cover Heavy Industrial zones: 1% increase from 9% to achieve 10% cover Tukwila Urban Center and Tukwila South: 5% increase from 13% to achieve 18% cover Office and Commercial: 3% increase from 29 %to achieve 32% cover Parks: 5% increase from 38% to achieve 43% cover 1 Note: Some public rights -of -way (such as WSDOT's) are not included in the total city- wide canopy calculation. Rights -of -way adjacent to public streets (i.e., where street trees would be planted) are included in each zoning category. December 20132008 Comment [P83] : Goals to increase or have no net loss of current baseline tree canopy cover with policies to retain trees and increase tree planting to meet canopy goals in each zoning area. TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Public Rights -of -Way: increase canopy coverage through street tree planting. Specific canopy goal to be established based on future assessment. Goals for No Net Loss of Canopy Low Density Residential: Maintain current City -wide canopy coverage of 47% Medium and High Density Residential: Maintain current City -wide coverage of 40% Policy 4.13.1 Promote tree retention throughout the City by: a. implementing educational programs for property owners and managers regarding tree selection and care, applicable regulations, selecting a qualified arborist, and other issues; b. except for hazard trees or trees that interfere with underground or overhead utilities, prohibiting removal of any tree four inches or larger in diameter at breast height (dbh) on all undeveloped property without an approved development or other land use iermil to provide the opportunity to preserve some healthy trees during development, while still accommodating the allowed density for each site;_ c. promoting the mutual goals of tree protection and urban development, through the implementation of incentive programs and flexible site development regulations especially to retain tree groves. d. requiring financial assurances for required tree replanting and maintenance. Policy 4.13.2 Improve retention of trees on steep slopes through modifications in regulations, ensuring the evaluation of the role that trees play in slope stability during geotechnical reviews, and by providing lincentives. Policy 4.13.3 Continue to protect trees in sensitive areas and the shoreline through relevant regulations. Policy 4.13.4 Ensure that required replacement trees at maturity will have equivalent or larger canopies than the removed tree(s), except where existing or future infrastructure impedes the planting of large trees. The Natural Environment Comment [CL84 ] : Text in yellow added by Planning Commission to address concern raised in Seattle City Light comments. Comment [P85] : Policy does not apply to already developed properties. Tree removal regulations in sensitive areas and shoreline regulations still apply, where relevant. Policy is not intended to never allow tree removal, only to delay it until there is an actual project for development, and to provide opportunity to save trees where possible without reducing allowed density. Text in yellow added by the Planning Commission. Comment [CL86] : Modified from Policy 1.4.1, found in the Community Image Element. December 20082013 29 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment Policy 4.13.5 Develop mechanisms for protecting tree roots for public and private surface and underground infrastructure installation, including in some cases requiring the presence of a certified arborist when working in the critical root zone, replacement of trees where damage is unavoidable; and either requiring replanting or payment into a tree replacement fund as compensation if planting on -site is not feasible. Establish reasonable procedures to ensure consideration of tree root protection during routine or emergency maintenance of existing utilities and provide training to City and other public utility maintenance staff on root protection techniques. Policy 4.13.6 Establish criteria for requiring professional assessment and corrective actions by property owners who damage code - required landscaping, street trees, or other required trees by topping, poor pruning practices, or root disturbance. Policy 4.13.7 Where trees are regulated and required replacement trees cannot be accommodated on a site, establish procedures for off -site planting of replacement trees, or payment into a dedicated tree replacement fund. Policy 4.13.8 Develop tree planting and urban forest rehabilitation programs for City parks and other publicly owned lands. Collaborate with other agencies, such as Washington Department of Transportation to promote planting in highway interchanges and other [locations]. Policy 4.13.9 Collaborate with other government, non -profit organizations, schools and private sector entities to promote urban forest management and restoration. Policy 4.13.10 Provide flexibility in the landscape code to promote increased tree planting and /or planting of large canopy trees, and reward the preservation of existing healthy trees to assist in meeting the City's canopy goals. Policy 4.13.11 Evaluate current parking lot landscape requirements to identify opportunities to increase tree canopy. Goal 4.14. Tukwila's streetscapes and landscaped areas are sustainable and attractive and its urban forest is healthy, diverse, and Is* Policy 4.14.1 Develop tree /urban forest inventories and assess the health of trees and forests in Tukwila's public spaces. December 20132008 Comment [P87] : Already allowed under existing tree regulations, policy added to support the regulations. Comment [CL88] : This policy incorporates policy 1.4.2 from the Community Image Element. Comment [CL89] : Yellow text added by Planning Commission to encourage participation by students in forest management and restoration. Comment [P901 : This will require modifications to landscape code Comment [P911: May result in future modifications to landscape code. Comment [SW92] : Modified and expanded from existing Goal 1.7 from Community Image Element. TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Policy 4.14.2. Develop maintenance plans and programs for trees on City property or rights -of -way: to ensure that maintenance pruning is properly carried out; diseases and pest infestations are managed; hazardous trees are identified and managed in a timely manner to reduce risks; and invasive vegetation is properly managed. Policy 4.14.3 Modify landscape code and educate property owners, property managers, landscape maintenance companies and tree companies to promote best practices for soil preparation, planting techniques, pruning, trenching, and general tree care. Policy 4.14.4 Ensure that landscaping and replacement trees in new development or re- development are properly cared for and thrive in perpetuity, through such means as maintenance agreements, monitoring and enforcement. Policy 4.14.5 Develop a mechanism to ensure that tree removal and maintenance companies have the necessary qualifications) and liability insurance for work in Tukwila. Policy 4.14.6 Modify landscape code to require diversity of tree species in landscape plantings and consideration of species already present in the vicinity. Policy 4.14.7 Establish minimum standards and landscape specifications to ensure long -term tree health for street trees, required landscape trees and required replacement trees, including: minimum soil volume, soil quality, plant quality, planting techniques, irrigation, mulching, tree pruning, and prohibition of topping. Policy 4.14.8 Develop an approved/recommended tree list for street trees, landscape perimeter planting and parking lots that takes into account the importance of species diversity, available planting space and infrastructure conflicts, climate conditions, canopy coverage goals, allergy issues, urban wildlife benefits, and tolerance of urban conditions. Implementation Strategies for Urban Forestry • Prepare and publish technical specifications for landscape professionals and landscape contractors reflecting best management practices /standards for achieving adequate soil conditions, plant quality specifications, proper planting techniques, proper mulch placement, tree care and pruning and other relevant information. The Natural Environment Comment [P93] : City will need to develop minimum qualifications and coordinate with City Attorney and City risk assessment staff. Comment [P94] : Diversity is important to tree health in the event of insect infestations or disease that affect one species. December 20082013 31 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment • Prepare and make available technical guidance for homeowners on tree selection, planting, care, pruning, selecting a good arborist, identifying and controlling invasive plants. • Conduct volunteer activities in parks and other public areas to help carry out urban forest restoration plans to remove invasive plants and plant native trees and other vegetation. • Create an "adopt -an- urban- forest" "ivy removal teams" or similar program to actively remove invasive plants and promote ongoing stewardship of urban forests in the City's parks and other public areas. • Add an urban forestry page to the City's web site that contains information about programs, regulations, technical guidance, how to find a certified arborist and other relevant issues. • Expand the annual Arbor Day celebration to widen public participation; • Evaluate other jurisdiction's heritage tree programs and reach out to business and resident community to determine interest in a heritage tree program in Tukwila. • Develop mechanisms for monitoring tree canopy growth, removal and replacement, in addition to periodic tree canopy assessments using GIS and remote sensing methods; • Review and amend, as necessary, SAO and Shoreline regulations to ensure consideration of tree retention, particularly in steep slope areas. • Provide ongoing training for City staff from all departments on tree selection, site preparation, proper planting techniques, and protection of tree roots during construction activities, proper pruning, and general tree care. • Prepare and publish technical specifications manuals for utility companies and City staff to identify techniques to protect tree roots during installation of public and private surface and underground infrastructure. • Revise City regulations to allow assessment of fines or requirement of financial guarantees in the enforcement of corrective actions. • Prepare an urban forest inventory for publically owned trees in the City. • Notify property owners about applicable tree regulations via inclusion of fliers in storm water utility bill, direct mailings, and media announcements. • Improve the frequency of landscape and tree replacement inspections and increase enforcement. • Develop street tree plans for various parts of the City, taking into account the need for diversity for tree health and urban design issues. December 20132008 TUKWILA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Natural Environment • Modify landscape, tree and right -of -way vegetation regulations including consideration of a point system for landscape requirements, clarification of responsibilities for trees on City ROW, identifying incentive programs, and allowing for fines based on the value of trees damaged or removed. December 20082013 33